CN111409508A - Vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111409508A
CN111409508A CN202010246457.6A CN202010246457A CN111409508A CN 111409508 A CN111409508 A CN 111409508A CN 202010246457 A CN202010246457 A CN 202010246457A CN 111409508 A CN111409508 A CN 111409508A
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China
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
converter
bidirectional
relay
output
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CN202010246457.6A
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CN111409508B (en
Inventor
胡刚毅
高乐
秦琅
张同国
李元君
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Weichai Power Co Ltd
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Weichai Power Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and a control method thereof, and the system includes: the device comprises a fuel cell stack, a protection unit, a bidirectional direct current/direct current DC/DC converter, a fuel cell system output pre-charging unit and a control unit; the protection circuit includes a first relay, a second relay, a third relay, and a protection diode. The capacitor at the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be precharged by electric energy of the energy storage device, surge current is prevented from being generated when the input side of the DC/DC converter is precharged in the starting process of the fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, energy is prevented from being reversely filled into the fuel cell stack during the starting or stopping process of the fuel cell system by arranging the protection circuit between the fuel cell stack and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, so that the service life of the fuel cell stack is prolonged. In addition, a special pre-charging circuit is not required to be designed in the fuel cell module, so that the volume is saved, and the integration of the fuel cell module is more convenient to realize.

Description

Vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and a control method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, no noise, less pollution, almost no nitrogen oxide emission and the like, and has become a future technical development trend when being widely applied to automobiles, ships and the like. The reliability of fuel cell systems, which are the main energy source for vehicles and ships, is important, especially for high voltage structures, which is directly related to the safety and lifetime of the stack.
Currently, a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system common in the prior art is shown in fig. 1, and includes: the device comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a high-voltage detection unit 2, a protection and pre-charging unit 3, an air compressor high-voltage assembly 4, an output pre-charging unit 5, a boost converter 6 and an energy discharge unit 7. The high voltage output by the fuel cell stack 1 is monitored by the high voltage detection unit 2, and the high voltage is connected with the energy discharge unit 7 and used for discharging the redundant energy of the fuel cell stack when the redundant energy cannot be output; the high voltage is connected with a protection and pre-charging unit 3, when an emergency or shutdown occurs, a positive electrode main relay and a negative electrode main relay in the unit are disconnected to protect the safety of the fuel cell stack, and a pre-charging circuit of the unit is used for carrying out current-limiting charging on a port capacitor of electronic equipment connected at the rear stage; the high voltage is then connected to a boost converter 6 for boosting the high voltage output by the fuel cell stack 1 and outputting the boosted high voltage to a vehicle-mounted power battery or a power device; a fuel cell system output pre-charging unit 5 is connected between the boost converter 6 and the high-voltage output and is used for carrying out current-limiting charging on an output side capacitor of the boost converter 6; and an air compressor high-voltage assembly 4 is also connected in parallel with the output side of the boost converter 6. Moreover, the fuel cell stack 1, the high voltage detection unit 2, the protection and pre-charging unit 3, the air compressor high voltage assembly 4 and the energy discharge unit 7 are generally integrated together to form a fuel cell module.
However, the inventors found that the prior art has at least the following technical problems: when the protection and pre-charging unit pre-charges the capacitor at the input side of the boost converter, the input capacitor can generate instant surge current, and even if the current-limiting resistor is arranged, the fuel cell stack can generate instant current of dozens of amperes, which influences the service life of the fuel cell stack.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and a control method thereof, which aim to solve the problems that when a capacitor at the input side of a boost converter is precharged in the prior art, an input capacitor generates instant surge current, even if a current-limiting resistor is arranged, a fuel cell stack can generate instant current of dozens of amperes, and the service life of the fuel cell stack is influenced.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, including:
the device comprises a fuel cell stack, a protection unit, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, a fuel cell system output pre-charging unit and a control unit; the fuel cell stack, the protection unit, the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the fuel cell system output pre-charging unit are all connected with the control unit; wherein the protection circuit comprises a first relay, a second relay, a third relay and a protection diode;
the first output end of the fuel cell stack is connected with the input end of the first relay, and the second output end of the fuel cell stack is connected with the input end of the second relay;
the output end of the third relay is connected with the anode of the protection diode in series, the input end of the third relay is connected with the input end of the first relay, and the cathode of the protection diode is connected with the output end of the first relay;
the output end of the first relay and the output end of the second relay are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter;
the first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected with the input end of the output pre-charging unit of the fuel cell system, and the second output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the output end of the output pre-charging unit of the fuel cell system are connected with a vehicle-mounted energy storage device and a power system;
the control unit is used for controlling the output pre-charging unit of the fuel cell system to pre-charge the output side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter when detecting that the fuel cell system is started, and simultaneously controlling the second relay and the third relay of the protection unit to be closed; after the output side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is precharged, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be conducted reversely, and precharging the input side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter; the bidirectional DC/DC converter is reversely conducted to step down the voltage of the energy storage device, so that energy flows from the output side to the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system control method, including:
when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is started, after all capacitors are precharged, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to be conducted reversely to carry out voltage reduction operation, and initial power supply is provided for the high-voltage component of the air compressor; meanwhile, a second relay and a third relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, and a first relay is controlled to be opened; when the output voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a first preset voltage threshold value, a second relay and a first relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, a third relay is controlled to be disconnected, and the fuel cell stack continuously supplies power to the high-voltage component of the air compressor; simultaneously controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be in a standby state;
when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is normally loaded, controlling a second relay and a first relay of the protection unit to be closed and a third relay to be disconnected, and simultaneously controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to conduct forward conduction boosting work, so that the fuel cell stack continuously supplies power to the high-voltage component of the air compressor and supplies power to the bidirectional DC/DC converter to meet normal loading;
when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is shut down after load reduction is finished, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to be closed, a second relay and a third relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, and a first relay is controlled to be disconnected, so that a fuel cell stack provides initial-stage purging electric energy for the high-voltage component of the air compressor; when the output voltage of the fuel cell stack is reduced to a second preset voltage threshold value, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be conducted reversely to perform voltage reduction operation, so that the bidirectional DC/DC converter continues to provide purging electric energy for the high-voltage component of the air compressor until the fuel cell stack stops working; and the bidirectional DC/DC converter is continuously controlled to control the first switch tube and the second switch tube to be disconnected, and the third switch tube works according to a third set duty ratio, so that a crowbar circuit consisting of the third switch tube and a crowbar resistor can consume the residual electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack through a loop formed by the power inductor and the first diode.
According to the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and the control method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, the capacitor at the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be pre-charged by the electric energy of the energy storage device through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the electric energy of the fuel cell stack is not needed, the capacitor at the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be pre-charged by the electric energy of the energy storage device, the generation of surge current when the input side of the DC/DC converter is pre-charged in the starting process of the fuel cell stack is avoided, and meanwhile, the energy is prevented from being reversely filled to the fuel cell stack during the starting or stopping of the fuel cell system by arranging the protection circuit between the fuel cell stack and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, so that the service life of the fuel cell stack is prolonged. In addition, a special pre-charging circuit is not required to be designed in the fuel cell module, so that the volume is saved, and the integration of the fuel cell module is more convenient to realize.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a prior art in-vehicle fuel cell system;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a bidirectional DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to another embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the existing vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, when the protection and pre-charging unit pre-charges the capacitor at the input side of the boost converter, the charging capacitor can generate surge current instantly, even if the current-limiting resistor in the protection and pre-charging unit exists, the fuel cell stack can also generate instant current of dozens of amperes, and the instant current affects the service life of the fuel cell stack.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the embodiment of the present invention proposes the following ideas: through the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the capacitor at the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be precharged by the electric energy of the energy storage device without the electric energy of the fuel cell stack, the generation of surge current when the input side of the DC/DC converter is precharged by utilizing the starting process of the fuel cell stack can be avoided, and meanwhile, the energy is prevented from being reversely poured to the fuel cell stack during the starting or stopping period of the fuel cell system by arranging the protection circuit between the fuel cell stack and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, so that the service life of the fuel cell stack is prolonged.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system including:
a fuel cell stack 10, a protection unit 20, a bidirectional DC/DC converter 30, a fuel cell system output precharge unit 40, and a control unit 50; the fuel cell stack 10, the protection unit 20, the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 and the fuel cell system output pre-charging unit 40 are all connected to the control unit 50; the protection circuit 20 includes a first relay 201, a second relay 202, a third relay 203, and a protection diode 204.
A first output terminal of the fuel cell stack 10 is connected to an input terminal of the first relay 201, and a second output terminal is connected to an input terminal of the second relay 202. The first output end is a positive output end, and the second output end is a negative output end.
The output end of the third relay 203 is connected in series with the anode of the protection diode 204, the input end of the third relay 203 is connected with the input end of the first relay 201, and the cathode of the protection diode 204 is connected with the output end of the first relay 201.
The output terminal of the first relay 201 and the output terminal of the second relay 202 are connected to the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30, respectively. The first input end is a positive input end, and the second input end is a negative input end.
A first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 is connected with an input end of the fuel cell system output pre-charging unit 40, and a second output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 and an output end of the fuel cell system output pre-charging unit 40 are connected with an on-vehicle energy storage device and a power system. The energy storage device may be a power battery, such as a lithium battery.
The control unit 50 is used for controlling the fuel cell system output pre-charging unit 40 to pre-charge the output side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 when detecting the start-up of the fuel cell system, and simultaneously controlling the second relay 202 and the third relay 203 of the protection unit 20 to be closed; after the output side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 is precharged, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 to be conducted reversely, and precharging the input side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30; wherein the bi-directional DC/DC converter 30 is reverse conducting to step down the voltage of the energy storage device such that energy flows from the output side to the input side of the bi-directional DC/DC converter.
In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system further includes: a high voltage detection unit 70, wherein two ends of the high voltage detection unit 70 are respectively connected with a first output end and a second output end of the fuel cell stack 10; the fuel cell stack, the high-voltage detection unit, the protection unit and the air compressor high-voltage component are integrally installed to form a fuel cell module.
In the present embodiment, the fuel cell system output precharge unit 40 includes: a fourth relay 401, a fifth relay 402 and a current limiting resistor 403, wherein an input terminal of the fourth relay is connected with a first output terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30; and the fifth relay is connected with the current-limiting resistor in series and then connected with the fourth relay in parallel. The fuel cell system output pre-charging unit 40 may be disposed in the vehicle high-voltage distribution box or the energy storage device (such as the power battery box), or may be pre-charged and shared with the input of the vehicle driving motor controller.
As can be seen from the above description of the examples, the bidirectional DC/DC converter can pre-charge the capacitor at the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter with the electric power of the energy storage device without the electric power of the fuel cell stack, so as to avoid the generation of surge current when the input side of the DC/DC converter is pre-charged with the start-up process of the fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, by providing the protection circuit between the fuel cell stack and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the energy is prevented from being back-charged to the fuel cell stack during the start-up or shutdown of the fuel cell system, so as to improve the service life of the fuel cell stack. In addition, a special pre-charging circuit is not required to be designed in the fuel cell module, so that the design space is saved, and the integration of the fuel cell module is more convenient to realize.
Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment of the invention, on the basis of the above embodiment, the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system further includes: and a first input end of the air compressor high-voltage component 60 is connected with a first input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30, and a second input end of the air compressor high-voltage component 60 is connected with a second input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30. After the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 is reversely turned on, the input side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the input side capacitor of the high-voltage component of the pre-charging air compressor are pre-charged at the same time.
The bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 is typically bulky and cannot be integrated into a fuel cell module. In this embodiment, set up air compressor machine high pressure subassembly 60 in the one side that is close to the fuel cell pile, be more convenient for integrate air compressor machine high pressure subassembly 60 to the fuel cell module in, reduce the degree of difficulty of integrated design.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a bidirectional DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention. The bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 includes:
the bidirectional DC/DC converter comprises an input capacitor Cin, a power inductor L1, a first switch tube Q1, a second switch tube Q2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third switch tube Q3, a crowbar resistor R1 and an output capacitor Cout.
The input capacitor Cin has one end connected to a first input terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30 and the other end connected to the common terminal.
A first terminal of the first switch transistor Q1 is connected to the first output terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30, a second terminal thereof is connected to a first terminal of the second switch transistor Q2, and a second terminal of the second switch transistor Q2 is connected to the common terminal.
A cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to a first end of the first switch tube Q1, and an anode is connected to a second end of the first switch tube Q1; the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the first terminal of the second switch Q2, and the anode is connected to the second terminal of the second switch Q2.
One end of the power inductor L1 is connected to the first input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30, and the other end is connected to the common end of the first switch tube Q1, the second switch tube Q2, the first diode D1, and the second diode D2.
A first end of the third switching tube Q3 is connected to the first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30, a second end is connected to one end of a crowbar resistor R1, and the other end of the crowbar resistor is connected to the common terminal.
One end of the output capacitor Cout is connected to a first output terminal of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30, and the other end is connected to a common terminal.
In the present embodiment, the control terminals of the first switch tube Q1, the second switch tube Q2 and the third switch tube Q3 are all connected to the control unit 50. The control unit 50 controls the first switching tube Q1, the second switching tube Q2 and the third switching tube Q3 to switch periodically by inputting a duty ratio signal, and the duty ratio signal is adjustable.
It should be noted that: the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, and the third switch Q3 may be Semiconductor power electronic switches such as IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar transistors) or MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect transistors).
Specifically, the process of the control unit controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to conduct reversely is as follows:
and controlling the first switching tube to work according to a first set duty ratio, and disconnecting the second switching tube and the third switching tube, so that the output capacitor, the first switching tube, the second diode, the power inductor and the input capacitor form a buck converter.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, energy is required to flow from the output side to the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter in the initial startup stage and the final shutdown stage of the fuel cell system, the first switching tube Q1 is in a periodic switching state, and the second switching tube Q2 and the third switching tube Q3 are always in an off state, it can be understood that a basic buck converter is composed of the output capacitor Cout, the first switching tube Q1, the second diode D2, the power inductor L1 and the input capacitor Cin, and the power flowing from the output side to the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the first switching tube Q1.
Specifically, the process that the control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to conduct in the forward direction is as follows: controlling the second switching tube to work according to a second set duty ratio, and disconnecting the first switching tube and the third switching tube, so that the input capacitor, the power inductor, the second switching tube, the first diode and the input capacitor form a boost converter; and the bidirectional DC/DC converter is conducted in the forward direction to boost the output voltage of the fuel cell stack so that energy flows from the input side to the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, during the normal loading of the fuel cell system, energy needs to flow from the input end to the output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the first switch tube Q1 is always in an off state, the second switch tube Q2 is in a periodic switching state, and the third switch tube Q3 is in an off state, it can be understood that a basic boost converter is composed of the input capacitor Cin, the power inductor L1, the second switch tube Q2, the first diode D1, and the output capacitor Cout, and the power flowing from the output side to the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the second switch tube Q2.
Specifically, when detecting that the high-voltage system of the whole vehicle has a fault and the residual electric energy of the fuel cell stack cannot be cut off in time, the control unit is used for: and the first switching tube and the second switching tube are controlled to be disconnected, and the third switching tube works according to a third set duty ratio, so that a crowbar circuit consisting of the third switching tube and a crowbar resistor can consume the residual electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack through a loop formed by the power inductor and the first diode.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, when the vehicle high-voltage system connected to the output end of the fuel cell system fails, the fuel cell stack 1 is not in time to adjust the output energy to 0, and at this time, the first switching tube Q1, the second switching tube Q2 are in an off state, and the third switching tube Q3 is in a periodic switching state, it can be understood that the crowbar circuit composed of the third switching tube Q3 and the crowbar resistor R1 can consume the residual energy generated by the fuel cell stack 1 through the loop formed by the power inductor L1 and the first diode D2, and the rate of energy consumption can be adjusted by controlling the duty ratio of the third switching tube Q3.
Known from the above-mentioned embodiment, for the bleeder unit setting of prior art in the fuel cell module, break off through first switch tube and second switch tube among the two-way DC/DC converter, third switch tube according to the third setting duty cycle work in this embodiment, make the crowbar circuit that third switch tube and crowbar resistance are constituteed can consume the surplus electric energy that the fuel cell pile produced through the return circuit that power inductance, first diode formed, need not set up the bleeder unit in the fuel cell module, and need not practice thrift the volume of fuel cell module to the bleeder unit heat dissipation design, more do benefit to and integrate.
In one embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the bidirectional DC/DC converter further includes: a third diode D3 connected in parallel with the crowbar resistor, wherein the anode of the third diode D3 is connected to the common terminal.
In this embodiment, the third diode D3 is used as a freewheeling diode for eliminating the voltage spike generated at the moment when the third switching transistor Q3 is turned off, and preventing the voltage withstand of the third switching transistor Q3 from being threatened.
Specifically, when it is detected that the voltage on the output side of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system exceeds the withstand threshold of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the control unit is configured to: and controlling the third switching tube to work according to a fourth set duty ratio, so that a crowbar circuit consisting of the third switching tube and a crowbar resistor stabilizes the output voltage of the fuel cell system.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, when the voltage of the entire vehicle high-voltage system connected to the output end of the fuel cell system is continuously increased until the safety of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 6 is threatened, for example, when excessive energy is generated during regenerative braking of the driving motor system of the high-voltage system and the power cell is unacceptable, the switching states of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 may not be changed or may be adjusted according to a control strategy, but the third switching tube Q3 is in a periodic switching state at this time, and the crowbar circuit composed of the third switching tube Q3 and the crowbar resistor R1 operates according to the purpose of stabilizing the output voltage of the fuel cell system, so that the bidirectional DC/DC converter 6 and the entire vehicle high-voltage system are both in a safe state without emergency shutdown.
In conclusion, the prying bar circuit integrated with the bidirectional DC/DC converter can not only discharge the residual energy of the fuel cell stack, but also ensure the high-voltage safety of the whole vehicle when the high voltage of the vehicle is abnormal (disconnected or overhigh), and the device is not damaged.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a control method for a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, where the method is applied to a control unit of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system shown in fig. 2, and includes the following steps:
step S21: when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is started, after all capacitors are precharged, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to be conducted reversely to carry out voltage reduction operation, and initial power supply is provided for the high-voltage component of the air compressor; meanwhile, a second relay and a third relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, and a first relay is controlled to be opened; when the output voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a first preset voltage threshold value, a second relay and a first relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, a third relay is controlled to be disconnected, and the fuel cell stack continuously supplies power to the high-voltage component of the air compressor; and controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be in a standby state.
Step S22: and when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is normally loaded, the second relay and the first relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, the third relay is controlled to be opened, and meanwhile, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to conduct forward conduction boosting work, so that the fuel cell stack continuously supplies power to the high-voltage component of the air compressor and supplies power to the bidirectional DC/DC converter to meet normal loading.
Step S23: when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is shut down after load reduction is finished, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to be closed, a second relay and a third relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, and a first relay is controlled to be disconnected, so that a fuel cell stack provides initial-stage purging electric energy for the high-voltage component of the air compressor; when the output voltage of the fuel cell stack is reduced to a second preset voltage threshold value, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be conducted reversely to perform voltage reduction operation, so that the bidirectional DC/DC converter continues to provide purging electric energy for the high-voltage component of the air compressor until the fuel cell stack stops working; and continuously controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to control the first switch tube and the second switch tube to be disconnected, and enabling the third switch tube to work according to a third set duty ratio, so that a crowbar circuit consisting of the third switch tube and a crowbar resistor consumes residual electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack through a loop formed by the power inductor and the first diode.
In the embodiment, the third relay and the protection branch of the protection diode can perform reverse-filling prevention protection on the fuel cell stack; meanwhile, when the load is normally loaded, the protection diode does not work, and the system efficiency cannot be adversely affected.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to another embodiment of the present invention. The difference in this embodiment from the embodiment of fig. 2 is only the difference in the installation position of the high-pressure component of the air compressor. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell system further includes: an air compressor high-voltage component 60, a first input end of the air compressor high-voltage component 60 is connected with a first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30, and a second input end is connected with a second output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter 30; the fuel cell system output pre-charging unit 40 pre-charges the output side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the input side capacitor of the pre-charging air compressor high-voltage component at the same time.
The embodiment of the invention also provides another control method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, which is applied to the control unit of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system shown in fig. 4 and comprises the following procedures:
step 41: when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is started, controlling an output pre-charging unit of the fuel cell system to perform first-stage pre-charging on an output side capacitor of a bidirectional DC/DC converter and an input side capacitor of a high-voltage component of an air compressor; after the first-stage pre-charging is finished, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to be reversely conducted to carry out voltage reduction work, the input-side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is subjected to second-stage pre-charging through the self soft start of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and meanwhile, a second relay and a third relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, and a first relay is controlled to be disconnected; and when the output voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a first preset voltage threshold value, controlling a second relay and a first relay of the protection unit to be closed and a third relay to be opened, so that the fuel cell stack supplies power to the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and simultaneously controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be in a standby state.
Step 42: when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is loaded normally, a second relay and a first relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, a third relay is controlled to be opened, and meanwhile, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to conduct forward conduction boosting work, so that a fuel cell stack supplies power to the bidirectional DC/DC converter to meet normal loading; the high-voltage component of the air compressor is supplied with power by the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
Step 43: when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is shut down after load reduction is finished, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to control the first switch tube and the second switch tube to be disconnected, and the third switch tube works according to a third set duty ratio, so that a crowbar circuit consisting of the third switch tube and a crowbar resistor can consume residual electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack through a loop formed by the power inductor and the first diode.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the control method in this embodiment has simple steps and simple method.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The control unit 50 provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a vehicle controller, a fuel cell system controller, or a controller of a bidirectional DC/DC converter. The control unit 50 provided in the embodiment of the present invention may be one or more of a class of controllers having the same function and driving capability, and the present invention does not limit the physical location of the electronic control unit 50 and the connection manner (wired or wireless) between the electronic control unit and other devices.
As shown in fig. 5, the control unit 50 of the present embodiment includes: a processor 51 and a memory 52; wherein
A memory 52 for storing computer-executable instructions;
the processor 51 is configured to execute the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the steps performed in the above-described method embodiments. Reference may be made in particular to the description relating to the method embodiments described above.
Alternatively, the memory 52 may be separate or integrated with the processor 51.
When the memory 52 is provided separately, the control unit further comprises a bus 53 for connecting the memory 52 and the processor 51.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored, and when a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system control method is implemented.
In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of modules may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or modules, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The modules described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as modules may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to implement the solution of the present embodiment.
In addition, functional modules in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each module may exist alone physically, or two or more modules are integrated into one unit. The unit formed by the modules can be realized in a hardware form, and can also be realized in a form of hardware and a software functional unit.
The integrated module implemented in the form of a software functional module may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The software functional module is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) or a processor to execute some steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application.
It should be understood that the Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the present invention may be embodied directly in a hardware processor, or in a combination of the hardware and software modules within the processor.
The memory may comprise a high-speed RAM memory, and may further comprise a non-volatile storage NVM, such as at least one disk memory, and may also be a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc.
The bus may be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended ISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, or the like. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses in the figures of the present application are not limited to only one bus or one type of bus.
The storage medium may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or non-volatile memory devices, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC). Of course, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in an electronic device or host device.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or a portion of the steps of implementing the above-described method embodiments may be performed by hardware associated with program instructions. The program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs steps comprising the method embodiments described above; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
the device comprises a fuel cell stack, a protection unit, a bidirectional direct current/direct current DC/DC converter, a fuel cell system output pre-charging unit and a control unit; the fuel cell stack, the protection unit, the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the fuel cell system output pre-charging unit are all connected with the control unit; wherein the protection circuit comprises a first relay, a second relay, a third relay and a protection diode;
the first output end of the fuel cell stack is connected with the input end of the first relay, and the second output end of the fuel cell stack is connected with the input end of the second relay;
the output end of the third relay is connected with the anode of the protection diode in series, the input end of the third relay is connected with the input end of the first relay, and the cathode of the protection diode is connected with the output end of the first relay;
the output end of the first relay and the output end of the second relay are respectively connected with the first input end and the second input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter;
the first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected with the input end of the output pre-charging unit of the fuel cell system, and the second output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the output end of the output pre-charging unit of the fuel cell system are connected with a vehicle-mounted energy storage device and a power system;
the control unit is used for controlling the output pre-charging unit of the fuel cell system to pre-charge the output side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter when detecting that the fuel cell system is started, and simultaneously controlling the second relay and the third relay of the protection unit to be closed; after the output side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter is precharged, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be conducted reversely, and precharging the input side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter; the bidirectional DC/DC converter is reversely conducted to step down the voltage of the energy storage device, so that energy flows from the output side to the input side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system further comprises: a first input end of the air compressor high-voltage component is connected with a first input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and a second input end of the air compressor high-voltage component is connected with a second input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter; and after the bidirectional DC/DC converter is reversely conducted, the input side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the input side capacitor of the high-voltage component of the pre-charging air compressor are pre-charged at the same time.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system further comprises: a first input end of the air compressor high-voltage component is connected with a first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and a second input end of the air compressor high-voltage component is connected with a second output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter; and the output pre-charging unit of the fuel cell system pre-charges the output side capacitor of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the input side capacitor of the high-voltage component of the pre-charging air compressor at the same time.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the bidirectional DC/DC converter comprises: the power supply comprises an input capacitor, a power inductor, a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a first diode, a second diode, a third switch tube, a crowbar resistor and an output capacitor; the second input end and the second output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter are connected to form a common end;
one end of the input capacitor is connected with a first input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the other end of the input capacitor is connected with the common end;
the first end of the first switching tube is connected with the first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the second end of the first switching tube is connected with the first end of the second switching tube, and the second end of the second switching tube is connected with the common end;
the cathode of the first diode is connected with the first end of the first switch tube, and the anode of the first diode is connected with the second end of the first switch tube; the cathode of the second diode is connected with the first end of the second switching tube, and the anode of the second diode is connected with the second end of the second switching tube;
one end of the power inductor is connected with a first input end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the other end of the power inductor is connected to a common end of a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a first diode and a second diode;
the first end of the third switching tube is connected with the first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the second end of the third switching tube is connected with the first end of the crowbar resistor, and the other end of the crowbar resistor is connected with the common end;
one end of the output capacitor is connected with the first output end of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and the other end of the output capacitor is connected with the public end.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the bidirectional DC/DC converter further comprises: and the third diode is connected with the crowbar resistor in parallel, wherein the anode of the third diode is connected with the common end.
6. The system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to conduct reversely by:
and controlling the first switching tube to work according to a first set duty ratio, and disconnecting the second switching tube and the third switching tube, so that the output capacitor, the first switching tube, the second diode, the power inductor and the input capacitor form a buck converter.
7. The system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control unit controls the bidirectional DC/DC converter to conduct forward by:
controlling the second switching tube to work according to a second set duty ratio, and disconnecting the first switching tube and the third switching tube, so that the input capacitor, the power inductor, the second switching tube, the first diode and the input capacitor form a boost converter; and the bidirectional DC/DC converter is conducted in the forward direction to boost the output voltage of the fuel cell stack so that energy flows from the input side to the output side of the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
8. The system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein when detecting that the high-voltage system of the whole vehicle has a fault and the residual electric energy of the fuel cell stack cannot be cut off in time, the control unit is used for:
and the first switching tube and the second switching tube are controlled to be disconnected, and the third switching tube works according to a third set duty ratio, so that a crowbar circuit consisting of the third switching tube and a crowbar resistor consumes residual electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack through a loop formed by the power inductor and the first diode.
9. The system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system further comprises: the two ends of the high-voltage detection unit are respectively connected with the first output end and the second output end of the fuel cell stack;
the fuel cell stack, the high-voltage detection unit, the protection unit and the air compressor high-voltage component are integrally installed to form a fuel cell module.
10. The system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, when it is detected that the voltage on the output side of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system exceeds the withstand threshold of the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the control unit is configured to:
and controlling the third switching tube to work according to a fourth set duty ratio, so that a crowbar circuit consisting of the third switching tube and a crowbar resistor stabilizes the output voltage of the fuel cell system.
11. A vehicle-mounted fuel cell system control method that is applied to the control unit of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to claim 4, comprising:
when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is started, after all capacitors are precharged, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to be conducted reversely to carry out voltage reduction operation, and initial power supply is provided for the high-voltage component of the air compressor; meanwhile, a second relay and a third relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, and a first relay is controlled to be opened; when the output voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a first preset voltage threshold value, a second relay and a first relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, a third relay is controlled to be disconnected, and the fuel cell stack continuously supplies power to the high-voltage component of the air compressor; simultaneously controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be in a standby state;
when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is normally loaded, controlling a second relay and a first relay of the protection unit to be closed and a third relay to be disconnected, and simultaneously controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to conduct forward conduction boosting work, so that the fuel cell stack continuously supplies power to the high-voltage component of the air compressor and supplies power to the bidirectional DC/DC converter to meet normal loading;
when the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is shut down after load reduction is finished, the bidirectional DC/DC converter is controlled to be closed, a second relay and a third relay of the protection unit are controlled to be closed, and a first relay is controlled to be disconnected, so that a fuel cell stack provides initial-stage purging electric energy for the high-voltage component of the air compressor; when the output voltage of the fuel cell stack is reduced to a second preset voltage threshold value, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to be conducted reversely to perform voltage reduction operation, so that the bidirectional DC/DC converter continues to provide purging electric energy for the high-voltage component of the air compressor until the fuel cell stack stops working; and continuously controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to control the first switch tube and the second switch tube to be disconnected, and enabling the third switch tube to work according to a third set duty ratio, so that a crowbar circuit consisting of the third switch tube and a crowbar resistor consumes residual electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack through a loop formed by the power inductor and the first diode.
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