CN111408719B - Material preparation method for preparing ternary alloy powder core wire material with specific filling rate by circular tube method - Google Patents
Material preparation method for preparing ternary alloy powder core wire material with specific filling rate by circular tube method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111408719B CN111408719B CN202010265172.7A CN202010265172A CN111408719B CN 111408719 B CN111408719 B CN 111408719B CN 202010265172 A CN202010265172 A CN 202010265172A CN 111408719 B CN111408719 B CN 111408719B
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 206010067868 Skin mass Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/34—Process control of powder characteristics, e.g. density, oxidation or flowability
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
A material preparation method for preparing a ternary alloy powder core wire material with a specific filling rate by a round tube method is characterized in that an element A with the highest element content in an xA-yB-zC ternary alloy is used as a round tube outer skin, elements B and C and an element A except for the outer skin mass are used as powder cores, and material preparation can be carried out according to the principle of equal mass and equal volume, namely mixed powder of the elements B and C and the element A except for the outer skin mass can just fill the inner cavity of the round tube outer skin of the element A, wherein x, y and z are mass fractions of the element A, B, C respectively. The invention solves the problem that the tube needs to be customized to meet the requirements of both wire material components and filling rate; moreover, on the premise of ensuring that the components of the powder core wire meet the requirements, the actual filling rate is extremely consistent with the theoretical filling rate, and the relative error is not more than 10 percent; meanwhile, the powder core wire prepared by the material preparation method has good stability in filling rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a material for additive manufacturing, in particular to a material preparation method of a ternary alloy powder core wire material, and specifically relates to a material preparation method of a ternary alloy powder core wire material with a specific filling rate by a circular tube method.
Background
The metal additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technology for directly manufacturing metal parts based on a discrete-accumulation principle and driven by three-dimensional data of the parts. At present, materials for metal additive manufacturing mainly comprise powder and wires, and the wires can be divided into solid wires and powder core wires. The powder core wire is a novel material which is formed by wrapping and filling powder with a metal pipe or a strip and drawing the metal pipe or the strip into a certain diameter, so that the defects of low utilization rate of the powder material and the like existing in the powder additive manufacturing process are overcome, the defects of difficult control of the shape of a finished piece due to high energy required in the solid wire additive manufacturing process are overcome, and the powder core wire is a material for additive manufacturing with a great development prospect.
The preparation method of the powder core wire mainly comprises two methods, namely a round tube method and a belt wrapping method. The biggest difference between these two methods is that the round tube method uses a hollow round tube as the outer skin, and the belt pack method uses a metal belt as the outer skin. Compared with the belt coating method, the round tube method (figure 1) prepares a seamless type powder core wire material, namely the seamless type powder core wire material is not easy to absorb moisture, which is extremely important for occasions with low hydrogen and high toughness requirements. Fill rate is an important indicator of the quality of a cored wire, which refers to the mass fraction of powder in the wire. The powder core wire material has the largest structural characteristics different from powder and solid wire materials, and the filling rate is related to the metallurgical process of the powder and metal sheath, so that the influence on the additive manufacturing process is generated; meanwhile, the stability of the filling rate, namely the consistency of the filling rate in the length direction of the wire material, directly influences the composition and structure properties of the molding material. However, in the process of preparing powder core wire by the round tube method, the filling rate is difficult to control at present, and particularly, the composition and the filling rate of the wire are difficult to simultaneously consider. For example, after a round tube and a powder core are selected according to the components of the wire, when the specification of the round tube is determined and the type and the proportion of the filled powder are determined, the filling rate is also determined, and under the condition, most of the round tube and the powder core cannot reach the expected filling rate; in order to simultaneously consider the wire components and the filling rate, the tube needs to be specially customized, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty and cost of preparing the cored wire.
For a review, the quality of the powder core wire is not ideal enough at present due to the difficulty in controlling the filling rate, and the wide application of the powder core wire is further influenced to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a material preparation method for preparing a ternary alloy powder core wire with a specific filling rate by a round tube method, aiming at the problem that the components and the filling rate of the wire are difficult to be simultaneously taken into consideration in the preparation of the powder core wire by the round tube method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a material preparation method for preparing a ternary alloy powder core wire material with a specific filling rate by a round tube method is characterized in that an element A with the highest element content in a ternary alloy of xA-yB-zC (wherein x, y and z are mass fractions of an element A, B, C respectively) is used as a round tube outer skin, elements B and C and an element A except the outer skin mass are used as powder cores, and material preparation is carried out according to the principle of equal mass and equal volume, namely mixed powder of the elements B and C and the element A except the outer skin mass can just fill the inner cavity of the element A round tube outer skin.
The specific material preparation method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: calculating the mass of three powders of the elements B and C and the element A except the mass of the outer skin according to the total mass Q of the powder core wire to be prepared, the theoretical filling rate alpha and the mass ratio relation x, y and z of the three elements A, B, C;
the second step is that: weighing A, B, C three powders according to the calculated result, and mixing to obtain bulk density rhoPowder；
The third step: inquiring the inner diameter specification of the existing pipe of the element A in the market, selecting the inner diameter d of the pipe, and comparing the inner diameter d of the pipe with the theoretical density rho of the element A pipeAAnd the apparent density rho of the mixed powder measured in the second stepPowderThe mass of the three element powders obtained in the first step is brought into the formula 1 and the formula 2, the length l of the pipe is eliminated, the wall thickness h of the pipe can be obtained, and the calculated wall thickness h of the pipe is compared with the wall thickness of the pipe in the market and is rounded;
Q＝ρA·l·π(h+d)+Ma powder+MB powder+MC powder (1)
In the formula MA powderIs the mass of the element A powder, MB powderIs the mass of the elemental B powder, MC powderIs the mass of the element C powder;
the fourth step: in the elements B andunder the condition that the mass of the C powder is not changed, the mass of the element A powder is changed, and the apparent density rho of the mixed powder is establishedPowderAnd the actual relationship curve between the mass of the element A powder;
the fifth step: deforming the formula (1) and the formula (2), and simultaneously substituting the determined inner diameter d of the pipe and the theoretical density rho of the element A pipeAThe mass of the element B and the element C powder obtained in the first step and the wall thickness h of the pipe determined in the third step can obtain the bulk density rho of the mixed powderPowderAnd the theoretical relationship curve between the mass of the element A powder;
and a sixth step: drawing the curves of the two days obtained in the fourth step and the fifth step on the apparent density rho of the mixed powderPowderIn the same graph with ordinate and element A powder mass as abscissa, the final mass of the element A powder and the corresponding bulk density of the mixed powder required for preparing the cored wire with total mass Q and filling rate alpha can be obtained according to the coordinates of the intersection point of the two curves;
the seventh step: and (3) calculating the length l of the pipe material of the required element A according to the formula (1) or the formula (2), and finishing material preparation.
In the third step of the material distribution step, the wall thickness h of the pipe can be determined firstly, and then the inner diameter d of the pipe can be determined.
The purity of the element A pipe and powder, and the element B and C powder is not lower than 99.9%.
The inner diameter d and the wall thickness h of the element A pipe are both in the specifications of commercially available pipes.
Measuring apparent density rho of mixed powderPowderThe powder mixing method is preferably grinding for at least 30 min.
Establishing bulk density rho of mixed powderPowderAnd the actual relation curve between the mass of the element A powder, firstly adopting an experiment to establish a line graph, wherein the mass of the element A powder adopted in the experiment is not less than 5; then, a function curve was fitted using MATLAB software.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention creatively provides a simple and easy material preparation method for preparing the ternary alloy powder core wire material with the specific filling rate by adopting a circular tube method on the basis of the specification of the tube material which is easily obtained in the market, and solves the problem that the tube material needs to be customized when the components and the filling rate of the wire material are considered simultaneously.
(2) The material preparation method for preparing the ternary alloy powder core wire material with the specific filling rate by the circular tube method has the advantages that the actual filling rate is extremely consistent with the theoretical filling rate on the premise of ensuring that the components of the powder core wire material meet the requirements, and the relative error is not more than 10 percent; meanwhile, the powder core wire prepared by the material preparation method has good stability in filling rate.
(3) The material preparation method for preparing the ternary alloy powder core wire material with the specific filling rate by the circular tube method can be extended to the preparation of quaternary and above ternary alloy powder core wire materials, and has the same effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process for preparing powder core wire by a circular tube method;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the relationship between the density of the mixed powder and the mass of the copper powder in example two of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-2.
The first embodiment.
A material preparation method for preparing a ternary alloy powder core wire material with a specific filling rate by a round tube method is characterized in that an element A with the highest element content in a ternary alloy is used as a round tube outer skin, elements B and C and an element A except the outer skin mass are used as powder cores, and according to the principle of 'equal mass and equal volume', namely mixed powder of the elements B and C and the element A except the outer skin mass can just fill the inner cavity of the element A round tube outer skin for material preparation, wherein the material preparation method specifically comprises the following material preparation steps: the first step is as follows: according to the mass ratio relations x, y and z of the total mass Q, the theoretical filling rate alpha and A, B, C of the powder core wire to be prepared, the elements B and C and the mass except the mass of the outer skin are calculatedThe mass of the three powders of element a; the second step is that: weighing A, B, C three powders according to the calculated result, and mixing to obtain bulk density rhoPowder(ii) a The third step: inquiring the inner diameter specification of the existing pipe of the element A in the market, selecting the inner diameter d of the pipe, and comparing the inner diameter d of the pipe with the theoretical density rho of the element A pipeAAnd the apparent density rho of the mixed powder measured in the second stepPowderThe mass of the three element powders obtained in the first step is brought into the formula 1 and the formula 2, the length l of the pipe is eliminated, the wall thickness h of the pipe can be obtained, and the calculated wall thickness h of the pipe is compared with the wall thickness of the pipe in the market and is rounded; the fourth step: under the condition that the mass of the element B and the element C powder is not changed, the mass of the element A powder is changed, and the apparent density rho of the mixed powder is establishedPowderAnd the actual relationship curve between the mass of the element A powder; the fifth step: deforming the formula (1) and the formula (2), and simultaneously substituting the determined inner diameter d of the pipe and the theoretical density rho of the element A pipeAThe mass of the element B and the element C powder obtained in the first step and the wall thickness h of the pipe determined in the third step can obtain the bulk density rho of the mixed powderPowderAnd the theoretical relationship curve between the mass of the element A powder; and a sixth step: drawing the two curves obtained in the fourth step and the fifth step on the apparent density rho of the mixed powderPowderIn the same graph with ordinate and element A powder mass as abscissa, the final mass of the element A powder and the corresponding bulk density of the mixed powder required for preparing the cored wire with total mass Q and filling rate alpha can be obtained according to the coordinates of the intersection point of the two curves; the seventh step: and (3) calculating the length l of the pipe material of the required element A according to the formula (1) or the formula (2), and finishing material preparation.
Q＝ρA·l·π(h+d)+MA powder+MB powder+MC powder (1)
In the third step of the material preparation, the wall thickness h of the pipe can be determined firstly, and then the inner diameter d of the pipe is determined; the purity of the element A pipe and powder, and the element B and C powder is not lower than 99.9%; the inner diameter d and the wall thickness of the element A pipeh is the specification of commercially available pipes; measuring apparent density rho of mixed powderPowderThe powder mixing method adopted is preferably grinding, and the grinding time is not less than 30 minutes; establishing bulk density rho of mixed powderPowderAnd the actual relation curve between the mass of the element A powder, firstly adopting an experiment to collect data points, wherein the mass of the element A powder adopted in the experiment is not less than 5; then, a function curve was fitted using MATLAB software.
Example two.
The preparation of 82Cu-14Al-4Ni shape memory alloy cored wires with a total mass of 15g and a theoretical filling rate of 20% is further explained below.
Firstly, calculating required Cu powder, Al powder and Ni powder according to the total mass and the theoretical filling rate of the cored wire, wherein the total mass is 15g, the theoretical filling rate is 20 percent in the example, namely the theoretical mass of the filled powder is 3g, the mass fraction of Al is 14 percent, so the mass of the Al powder to be filled is 15g multiplied by 0.14 to 2.1g, and the mass of the Ni powder to be filled is 15g multiplied by 0.04 to 0.6g, and subtracting the mass of the Al powder to be filled and the mass of the Ni powder from the theoretical mass of the filled powder of 3g to obtain the mass of the Cu powder to be filled of 0.3 g; second, 0.3g, 2.1g and 0.6g of each of Cu powder, Al powder and Ni powder having a purity of 99.9% were weighed, and the bulk density ρ of the mixed powder was measured after grinding for 1 hourPowderIs 1.922g/cm3(ii) a Thirdly, selecting the inner diameter d of the copper pipe to be 0.3cm according to the specification (the purity is 99.95%) of the copper pipe on the market, calculating the wall thickness h of the pipe to be 0.055cm, and rounding the wall thickness h of the pipe to be 0.05cm according to the specification of the copper pipe on the market; fourthly, under the condition that the quality of the Al powder and the quality of the Ni powder are not changed, the quality of the Cu powder is changed, the apparent density of the mixed powder is measured after the mixed powder is ground (table 1), and MATLAB software is adopted to fit the apparent density rho of the mixed powderPowderAnd the actual relationship curve between the mass of the element A powder; fifthly, calculating the bulk density rho of the mixed powderPowderAnd Cu powder mass (3); sixthly, drawing the two curves obtained in the fourth step and the fifth step on the apparent density rho of the mixed powderPowderIn the same graph (FIG. 2) with ordinate and Cu powder mass abscissa, the final mass of the Cu powder was 0.579g from the coordinate of the intersection of the two curvesCorresponding bulk density rho of mixed powderPowder＝1.947g/cm3(ii) a And finally, calculating to obtain the copper length l of 23.826cm, and finishing material preparation.
TABLE 1MCopper powderAnd rhoPowderRelation table
The actual filling rate of the prepared powder core wire material is 21.86 percent through measurement, relative error is only 9.3 percent relative to the theoretical filling rate of 20 percent, and the filling rate of the prepared powder core wire material is almost not different at different positions, namely the filling rate has good stability.
Similarly, the formulation when the theoretical filling rates of the preparation were 30% and 40% is shown in table 2, and the effects of the present invention were also obtained.
TABLE 2 preparation parameters of powder core wire with different filling rates
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. A material preparation method for preparing a ternary alloy powder core wire material with a specific filling rate by a round tube method is characterized in that an element A with the highest element mass fraction in an xA-yB-zC ternary alloy is used as a round tube outer skin, an element B, an element C and an element A except the outer skin mass are used as powder cores, and material preparation can be carried out by just filling the inner cavity of the round tube outer skin of the element A with mixed powder of the element B mass, the element C mass and the element A except the outer skin mass according to the principle of equal mass and equal volume, wherein x, y and z are respectively the mass fraction of the element A, B, C; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: according to the total mass Q and the theoretical filling rate of the powder core wire material required to be prepared
A, B, C, calculating the mass of the three powders of the elements B and C and the element A except the mass of the outer skin;
the second step is that: weighing A, B, C three powders according to the calculated result, and mixing to determine the bulk density
；
The third step: inquiring the inner diameter specification of the existing pipe of the relevant element A in the market, and selecting the inner diameter of the pipedThe inner diameter of the pipedTheoretical density of element A pipe
The apparent density of the mixed powder measured in the second step
Substituting the mass of the three element powders obtained in the first step into the formula 1 and the formula 2 to eliminate the length of the pipel，The wall thickness of the pipe can be obtainedhThe wall thickness of the pipe is calculatedhComparing the wall thickness with the wall thickness of the existing pipe in the market and rounding;
in the formulaM APowderIs the mass of element A powder，M BPowderIs the mass of the powder of the element B,M CpowderIs the mass of the element C powder;
the fourth step: under the condition that the mass of the element B and the element C powder is not changed, the mass of the element A powder is changed, and the apparent density of the mixed powder is established
And the actual relationship curve between the mass of the element A powder;
the fifth step: deforming the formula (1) and the formula (2), and simultaneously substituting the deformed formulas into the determined inner diameter of the pipedTheoretical density of element A pipe
The mass of the element B powder and the element C powder obtained in the first step and the wall thickness of the pipe determined in the third stephThe apparent density of the mixed powder can be obtained
And the theoretical relationship curve between the mass of the element A powder;
and a sixth step: plotting the two curves obtained in the fourth and fifth steps on the apparent density of the mixed powder
In the same graph with ordinate and the mass of the element A powder as abscissa, the total mass Q and the filling rate Q of the preparation can be obtained according to the coordinate of the intersection point of the two curves
The final quality of the required element A powder and the corresponding bulk density of the mixed powder during the powder core wire preparation;
the seventh step: calculating the length of the tube material with the required element A according to the formula (1) or the formula (2)lAnd finishing material distribution.
2. A method of compounding materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step of the material distribution step, the wall thickness of the pipe is determined firstlyhThen determining the inner diameter of the piped。
3. A method of compounding materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the purity of the element A pipe, the element A powder, the element B powder and the element C powder is not lower than 99.9%.
4. A method of compounding materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: inner diameter of the element A pipedAnd wall thicknesshAll are commercially available pipe specifications.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bulk density of the mixed powder is measured
The powder mixing method adopted is grinding, and the grinding time is not less than 30 minutes.
6. A method of compounding materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein: establishing bulk density of the mixed powder
And the actual relation curve between the mass of the element A powder, firstly adopting an experiment to establish a line graph, wherein the variety of the element A powder adopted in the experiment is not less than 5; then, a function curve was fitted using MATLAB software.
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