CN111408606A - 一种分散活化微硅粉的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及工业废弃物循环利用技术领域技术领域，特别涉及一种微硅粉的分散活化技术，一种分散活化微硅粉的方法，包括以下步骤：在一定量的水中添加入微硅粉，不断搅拌，使得微硅粉均匀的分散在水溶剂中；在确定放电间隙后在所述的溶液两端施加强电场或者是确定合理的放电间隙并使用液电效应装置连接放电间隙两端进行放电。重复放电反应1‑2次；对所得的溶液进行干燥，得到微硅粉粉末固体。本发明提供一种工业微硅粉的分散方法，可以有效的解决因微硅粉在回收、运输因产生团聚现象而导致其表面活性降低、性能下降的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及工业废弃物高值化利用技术领域，特别涉及一种微硅粉的分散活化技术。
背景技术
微硅粉又名硅灰、硅粉(silica fume、micro-silica)，是金属硅或硅铁等合金冶炼从烟气中回收的粉尘。微硅粉平均粒径为0.15-0.20μm，比表面积为15000-20000m2/kg。其主要成分为二氧化硅，含量一般80-92％，杂质成分有氧化钠、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铁、氧化铝和活性炭等。矿石成分、冶炼工艺、收尘系统运行情况等都会造成成分波动。微硅粉中二氧化硅属无定型物质，活性高，颗粒细小，比表面积大，具有优良的理化性能，是一种无需经过粉碎加工、廉价的超微粉体。但是在实际生产中，工业硅冶炼时会产生大量的烟气，如不进行治理，将对大气环境造成破坏；目前由厂家采用袋式除尘，将收集的烟气灰尘直接接入储料袋，再运输至收集这种微硅粉的厂家，不仅运输途中造成了大量泄漏，并且大体积的微硅粉也为运输增加了成本。此外，越来越多的厂家微硅粉加密装置，能够有效的解决微硅粉的运输存储问题，但是，在加密过程中，小颗粒微硅粉发生团聚效应，团聚现象严重，使得在微硅粉的再利用上难度加大，微硅粉表面活性变低。微硅粉不同于一般的纳米粉，微硅粉由于是工业废弃物，其粒径范围较宽，因此在加密过程中会产生较为严重的团聚现象，导致其应用范围变窄，如果能有效的解决其团聚问题，对微硅粉的工业再利用有着十分巨大的积极意义。
发明内容
本发明提供一种工业微硅粉的分散方法，可以有效的解决因微硅粉在回收、运输过程中因产生团聚现象而导致其表面活性降低、性能下降的问题，为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种分散活化微硅粉的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在一定量的水中添加入微硅粉，不断搅拌，使得微硅粉均匀的分散在水溶剂中；
(2)在确定放电间隙后在步骤(1)所述的溶液两端施加强电场或者是确定放电间隙并使用液电效应装置连接放电间隙两端进行放电。
(3)重复步骤(2)中的放电反应若干次，直至观察到的微硅粉团聚现象不再严重；
(4)对步骤(3)所得的溶液进行干燥，得到微纳米颗粒粉末固体。
优选的是，将步骤(4)所得的微纳米颗粒粉末固体在650～750℃条件下煅烧2h-3h,然后经高能球磨机处理得到纳米活性颗粒。
进一步优选的是，对步骤(1)所的的溶液进行预处理，所述预处理的步骤包括将溶液加热至70-100℃，持续加热1h-2h，并进行超声波振荡处理。
本发明采用的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
1.在微硅粉水合物中产生液电效应时,放电通道中的部分液体瞬间被汽化、分解、电离成高温等离子体而聚然膨胀,生成一个迅速径向传播的机械压力波，对微硅粉水合物中的微硅粉团聚大颗粒产生巨大的冲击力导致其分散。
2.微硅粉水合物中发生液电效应时，还有极强的超声波向外传播,超声波对微硅粉水合物进行震荡搅拌，使得微硅粉颗粒分散均匀，也可以打散较大的微硅粉团聚颗粒。
3.微硅粉水合物中发生液电效应时，放电通道内产生的等离子体温度，有强烈的可见光发出,而且释放出的光能中占据较大份额的是紫外线,因此液相放电是一个强光源,它将电脉冲总能量的约10％转化成了以紫外波段光为主的光能。
4.微硅粉水合物中发生液电效应时，由于声、光、热、激波等因素的综合作用将导致液相中的化学成分产生显著的变化,其中以各种自由基及其产物的出现为代表。液相放电时形成的原子、原子团及各类分子按其化学结构可分为氧、氢、臭氧、过氧化氢、原子态氧、羟基(OH)和二氧化氢自由基等,这些能够显著改变微硅粉颗粒表面原有的化学性质,使微硅粉颗粒具有极高的化学活性，能够显著提高微硅粉分散效果。
5.微硅粉水合物中发生液电效应时，放电通道中出现了强流脉冲,从而会在放电通道周围形成强脉冲磁场,并以强电磁场的形式向四周传播,导致放电通道周围环境处于强电磁场的作用和影响之下有助于微硅粉的分散并筛除其中的杂质。
6.微硅粉水合物中发生液电效应时，产生的高温及高压使液相中的局部液体处于超临界状态,导致液体的性质发生显著改变,微硅粉颗粒分散性大幅提升，能有效的分散团聚的微硅粉并增大其表面面积。
本发明提出的技术方案能有效的改善微硅粉表面活性，同时能够将团聚的微硅粉分散开来。
附图说明
图1为微硅粉发生团聚时的图片。
图2为微硅粉解团聚后的图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步解释说明：
一种分散活化微硅粉的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在一定量的水中添加入微硅粉，不断搅拌，使得微硅粉均匀的分散在水溶剂中；
(2)在确定放电间隙后在步骤(1)所述的溶液两端施加强电场或者是确定放电间隙并使用液电效应装置连接放电间隙两端进行放电。
(3)重复步骤(2)中的放电反应1-5次，直至团聚的微硅粉颗粒均匀的分散；
(4)对步骤(3)所得的溶液进行蒸发、过滤、干燥，得到微纳米颗粒粉末固体。
进一步的可以将步骤(4)所得的微纳米颗粒粉末固体在650～750℃条件下煅烧2h-3h,然后经高能球磨机处理得到纳米活性颗粒。
本发明采用的另一种技术方案中可以对步骤(1)所得的溶液进行预处理，所述预处理的步骤包括将溶液加热至70-100℃，持续加热1h-2h，并进行超声波振荡处理。
本发明采用的技术方案不仅能够充分的的解决微硅粉的团聚现象，并且能够提高微硅粉颗粒的表面活性。经过处理后微硅粉的比表面积可以达到41000m2/kg以上。
综上所述，本发明采用的技术方案不仅能有效的解决微硅粉的团聚现象，而且能够改善微硅粉表面活性。
Claims (3)
1.一种分散活化微硅粉的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在一定量的水中添加入微硅粉，不断搅拌，使得微硅粉均匀的分散在水溶剂中；
(2)在确定放电间隙后在步骤(1)所述的溶液两端施加强电场或者是确定放电间隙并使用液电效应装置连接放电间隙两端进行放电。
(3)重复步骤(2)中的放电反应若干次；
(4)对步骤(3)所得的溶液进行干燥，得到微纳米颗粒粉末固体。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种分散微纳米颗粒的方法，其特征在于：将步骤(4)所得的微纳米颗粒粉末固体在650～750℃条件下煅烧2h-3h,然后经高能球磨机处理得到纳米活性颗粒。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种分散微纳米颗粒的方法的，其特征在于对步骤(1)所的的溶液进行预处理，所述预处理的步骤包括将溶液加热至70-100℃，持续加热1h-2h，并进行超声波振荡处理。
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1060418A (zh) * | 1990-10-03 | 1992-04-22 | 西安交通大学 | 超微粉末解团聚与分散的方法 |
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