CN111408250A - Desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device and process - Google Patents

Desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device and process Download PDF

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CN111408250A
CN111408250A CN202010219975.9A CN202010219975A CN111408250A CN 111408250 A CN111408250 A CN 111408250A CN 202010219975 A CN202010219975 A CN 202010219975A CN 111408250 A CN111408250 A CN 111408250A
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flue gas
tower
desulfurization
clo
denitration
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李新杰
杨钦
唐淑娟
于文敦
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
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    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D5/00—Sulfates or sulfites of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D9/00—Nitrates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases

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Abstract

The invention provides a desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device and process. The flue gas after dust removal firstly enters a desulfurizing tower and is desulfurized in an alkali liquor spraying and absorbing mode; warp beamThe desulfurized flue gas is firstly mixed with ClO in an oxidation denitration tower2Gas mixing to oxidize NO to NO2Then carrying out denitration by an alkali liquor spraying and absorbing mode; spraying and cleaning the desulfurized and denitrated flue gas in a secondary purification tower by using a desulfurization solution again to absorb residual NO in the flue gasxAnd SO2And then wet electric dedusting and demisting are carried out to finish final purification. The invention realizes the effective utilization of the desulfurization liquid, the ultra-clean treatment of the flue gas, the recovery of desulfurization and denitrification products and the recycling of process water by utilizing independently arranged and organically combined desulfurization, oxidation and denitrification, secondary purification and waste liquid pretreatment links, and achieves the effects of water saving and emission reduction while purifying the flue gas.

Description

Desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device and process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of boiler flue gas desulfurization and denitration, in particular to a desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide synergistic gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device and process.
Background
SO in boiler flue gas2And NOxIs an important precursor for forming the atmospheric pollution phenomena such as acid rain, haze and the like, and the SO is controlled by performing desulfurization and denitrification treatment on the boiler flue gas2、NOxAnd important means for discharging and ensuring the quality of the atmospheric environment. SO (SO)2Is easy to dissolve in water, and the prior wet desulphurization technology of alkali liquor is widely adopted due to simple process, high efficiency and mature technology. And NOxThe denitration process is relatively more complicated due to the fact that NO in the catalyst is difficult to dissolve in water. Although the conventional Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) denitration technology and the improved selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) denitration technology have high efficiency, the equipment investment, operation and maintenance cost are high, and the adaptability to medium and high sulfur coal boiler flue gas is poor, so recent research focuses on the oxidation denitration technology. The oxidation denitration technology mostly adopts O3、KMnO4、H2O2、ClO2、NaClO2And oxidizing NO with an oxidizing agent such as NaClO to form NO which is readily available for water2And then removing the silicon substrate by matching with a subsequent wet absorption process. The technology of oxidation and denitration by chlorine dioxide has become a focus of research in this field in consideration of various aspects such as oxidation efficiency of NO, running cost, and convenience of oxidant supply.
The chlorine dioxide oxidation denitration technology adopts two modes of liquid phase separation and gas phase separation. Although both methods can obtain higher oxidation efficiency, the liquid phase oxidation is NO and ClO2The solution reaction of (2) is oxidized due to the influence of factors such as gas-liquid mass transfer, mixing uniformity and NO difficulty and the likeThe improvement of the denitration efficiency is limited; for example, Chinese patent (CN 104028103A) adopts ClO2Denitration by solution absorption with TiO as auxiliary material2And the denitration rate reaches 78-90% under the condition of absorption of the honeycomb ceramic filler. And the gas phase oxidation is NO and ClO2The gas reaction has higher efficiency than liquid phase oxidation because gas-liquid mass transfer does not exist in a gas phase environment and the gas-liquid mass transfer is easy to be uniformly mixed with gas flow in a flue. In addition, the gas-phase oxidation denitration can also save the using amount of an oxidant and reduce the waste liquid amount generated in the oxidation link, thereby reducing the treatment load and the cost of the subsequent denitration waste liquid, and further having popularization value.
From the viewpoint of consumption reduction and emission reduction, purer ClO is used2The oxidant has higher use efficiency and less consumption, residues and denitration byproducts; in view of the desulfurization product Sulfite (SO) contained in the desulfurization solution2 2-) With removal of NO2If the desulfurization solution is recycled for denitration, the dosage of the denitration agent can be reduced; nitrite (NO) contained in the denitrating liquid2 -) Toxic and troublesome in subsequent recovery, and the direct discharge of the wastewater into a wastewater pipeline can increase the treatment load and cost of a wastewater plant; if the desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid is subjected to harmless pretreatment, the overall control on the emission of process pollutants is facilitated.
Chinese patent (Z L201720465945. X) discloses a chlorine dioxide gas-phase oxidation desulfurization and denitrification integrated device, which is characterized in that desulfurization, oxidation and denitrification are sequentially arranged in a tower from bottom to top along the flow direction of flue gas, desulfurization and oxidation zones are co-located in one chamber, and ClO is sprayed by an atomizing spray head2Spraying into the upper part of the desulfurization sprayer, and arranging a desulfurization and denitrification shared spraying liquid pool at the bottom of the tower. Although the device has high integration level, simple process and small occupied area, the device has the following problems: (1) the desulfurization and oxidation areas are arranged in a chamber together, and SO in the flue gas2Easily streaming to the oxidation zone, competing with NO for consumption of ClO2The oxidant not only increases the oxidation cost, but also reduces the denitration rate caused by incomplete oxidation of NO; (2) the common desulfurization and denitrification spray liquid can absorb ClO2The denitration spraying liquid oxidizes SO in the desulfurization liquid2 2-Resulting in the desulfurization solution losing the denitration effect and further increasingThe method comprises the steps of (1) adding alkali for denitration, (3) increasing system resistance by a partition plate between an oxidation zone and a denitration zone, (4) ensuring enough reaction residence time of each working section by single tower design, inevitably increasing tower height or tower diameter, which can cause the improvement of construction and operation and maintenance cost, and easily causing flue gas short circuit and influencing treatment effect by overlarge tower diameter, wherein Chinese patents (CN106237814A) and (CN107138038A) adopt single tower ClO similar to Chinese patent (Z L201720465945. X)2The gas phase oxidation desulfurization and denitrification process flow has the same problems.
For the treatment of desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid, chinese patent (CN201710480765.3) discloses a method for recovering sulfur and nitrogen resources from flue gas and producing hydroxylamine sulfate. The flue gas and H after dust removal are sprayed2O2Or O3Mixing, oxidizing with NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SO3Simultaneously desulfurizing and denitrating solution or ammonia water and absorbing NO in liquid2 -And SO2 2-Reacting to generate a sulfur-nitrogen compound, carrying out decontamination and purification, hydrolyzing at 95-110 ℃, and then carrying out separation and purification to obtain the hydroxylamine sulfate. The purpose of the patent is to solve the problems of nitrite wastewater treatment and sulfur and nitrogen resource recovery in the synchronous desulfurization and denitrification process, but the process requires NO2 -And SO3 2-The pH, S/N ratio and temperature of the reaction are harsh, the hydrolysis temperature and pH requirement are also strict, the operation process is complex, and the cost of the recovered resources is high, so that the process is suitable for chemical production and is not suitable for the field mainly treating the flue gas.
In summary, it is urgent to develop a high-efficiency, low-consumption, economical and easy-to-implement flue gas desulfurization and denitrification process for the requirements and characteristics of flue gas treatment of industrial boilers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device and process, which utilize independently arranged and organically combined desulfurization, oxidation denitration, secondary purification and waste liquid pretreatment links to realize effective utilization of desulfurization liquid, ultra-clean treatment of flue gas, recovery of desulfurization and denitration products and recycling of process water, and achieve the effects of water saving and emission reduction while purifying the flue gas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a desulfurization liquid is integrated gas purification device of chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration, includes: desulfurizing tower, oxidation denitration tower, ClO2A supply device, a secondary purification tower, a desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid pretreatment device and the like. Desulfurizing tower, oxidation denitration tower and secondary purification tower pass through the flue intercommunication, and the flue gas flow direction is the S type overall arrangement: the flue gas enters and goes out from the lower part of the desulfurization tower, enters and goes out from the upper part of the denitration tower, and enters and goes out from the lower part of the secondary purification tower. This flow overall arrangement provides relatively independent work area for desulfurization, denitration and secondary purification, prevents that the flue gas from streaming to the influence of each link operation effect.
The invention adopts the S-shaped airflow layout of the desulfurization tower from bottom to top, the oxidation denitration tower from top to bottom and the secondary purification tower from bottom to top, so that the flue gas flow in the tower can be fully utilized, the length of a flue gas channel between the towers is reduced, the airflow resistance is reduced, and the energy consumption of a drainage fan is reduced; meanwhile, the device layout is more compact, the device layout is close to a single tower to the maximum extent, and the effects of saving energy and reducing the occupied area are achieved.
The desulfurizing tower is provided with a desulfurizing liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a sprayer, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and the like; the desulfurizing liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the flue gas inlet is arranged at the lower part of the tower body and close to the storage tank, and the flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the tower body; the sprayer is arranged at the upper part of the tower body close to the outlet, a single layer or multiple layers can be arranged according to the requirement, and the spray angle of each spray head of the sprayer is not less than 120 degrees so as to ensure the coverage of spray liquid; the desulfurization solution is NaOH or Na2CO3、Mg(OH)2Or lime and the like, and NaOH solution is preferably selected to prevent equipment from being blocked. The working mode of the desulfurizing tower is as follows: the circulating pump extracts the desulfurization liquid from the desulfurization liquid storage tank and conveys the desulfurization liquid to the sprayer for spraying, and the flue gas after dust removal flows in the tower from bottom to top in the reverse direction with the spraying liquid and is absorbed by the spraying liquid through gas-liquid mass transfer to realize desulfurization.
The oxidation denitration tower is provided with a denitration liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a sprayer and ClO2Gasification spray nozzle, flow guide plate and flue gasAn inlet and an outlet, etc.; the denitration liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the flue gas inlet is arranged at the top of the tower body and is communicated with the gas outlet of the desulfurizing tower, and the flue gas outlet is arranged at the lower part of the tower body and is close to the storage tank; ClO2The gasification spray head is arranged at the position of the air inlet and provides gaseous ClO for the oxidation of the flue gas2An oxidizing agent; ClO2The gasification nozzle is made of corrosion-resistant alumina ceramic material, the spray angle is 90-170 degrees, the working pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the gasification nozzle can resist the temperature of more than 500 ℃; the guide plate is arranged close to the ClO2Gasifying the lower part of the spray head to make ClO pass through mixed flow2Fully mixing the gas and the flue gas; the sprayer is arranged close to the lower part of the guide plate, a single layer or multiple layers can be arranged according to the requirement, and the requirement of a sprayer nozzle is the same as that of the desulfurizing tower; the denitration liquid is NaOH or Na2SO3Preferably NaOH solution. The oxidation denitration tower working mode is as follows: the circulating pump extracts the denitration liquid from the denitration liquid storage tank and conveys the denitration liquid to the sprayer for spraying, and the desulfurized flue gas enters from the tower top and is mixed with the ClO2The gases mix and react, with the NO being oxidized to NO2Equal valence of NOxAnd the denitration catalyst flows in the same direction as the spraying liquid, is absorbed by the spraying liquid through gas-liquid mass transfer, and realizes denitration.
ClO2The supply device supplies an oxidizing agent containing ClO to the oxidation and denitration tower2A generator and a booster pump; ClO2The generator adopts cane sugar and H2O2Or reducing sodium chlorate with methanol under acidic condition, or using NaClO2Reacting with hydrochloric acid to prepare ClO with purity of more than 95%2A solution, preferably a sucrose reduced sodium chlorate process; prepared ClO2The solution is conveyed to ClO by a booster pump2A gasification nozzle.
The secondary purification tower is provided with a spraying liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a sprayer, a tubular wet electric dust (fog) remover, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and the like; the spraying liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the tower body, and a return pipe is arranged to be communicated with the desulfurizing liquid storage tank; the flue gas inlet is arranged at the lower part of the tower body and close to the storage tank, and the flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the tower body and communicated with the chimney; a tubular wet electric dust (fog) remover is arranged at the outlet of the tower top to enhance the dust removing effect and remove the water vapor in the flue gas; the sprayer is arranged near the lower part of the wet electric dust collector (fog),the spray head of the sprayer has the same requirement as that of the desulfurizing tower. The working mode of the secondary purification tower is as follows: the spray liquid is the desulfurization liquid of the desulfurization tower, the circulating pump pumps the desulfurization liquid from the desulfurization liquid storage tank and conveys the desulfurization liquid to the sprayer for spraying, the flue gas after desulfurization and denitrification enters the purification tower from the lower part and flows in the reverse direction with the spray liquid from bottom to top, and the desulfurization product SO in the spray liquid is utilized3 2-For residual NO in flue gasx、SO2And the particles are absorbed for the second time, so that the further purification of the flue gas is realized; the flue gas after the secondary purification is dedusted and demisted again by a tower top wet electric dedusting (fog) device and then is discharged to a chimney; the spraying liquid flows back to the desulfurizing liquid storage tank, so that the cyclic utilization of the desulfurizing liquid is realized.
The desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid pretreatment device comprises a reaction concentration tank, a filter, a neutralization tank and a recycling pump; the reaction concentration tank is provided with a stirrer, a conical bottom, a supernatant and a crystal slurry discharge pipe, wherein the included angle between the conical surface of the conical bottom and the horizontal plane is 45-60 degrees, so that crystals can be settled and discharged conveniently; the filter comprises a filter material, filtered water and a filtered material discharge pipe. The working mode is as follows: after entering a reaction concentration tank and being uniformly mixed, the desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid with higher temperature and concentration undergoes a series of oxidation-reduction reactions under the acidic condition and the action of sulfamic acid auxiliary agent, wherein NO2 -And SO3 2-Respectively converting the nitrogen and the sulfate into nitrogen and sulfate, naturally cooling the nitrogen and the sulfate according to the solubility difference at different temperatures, separating out and crystallizing high-concentration sulfate and nitrate, discharging and recycling the crystal, and filtering and neutralizing clear water to be used as water for a wet cyclone dust collector or a desulfurization and denitrification process.
The integrated flue gas purification device and the process provided by the invention have the following remarkable effects:
(1) the relatively independent and organically combined desulfurization, denitrification and secondary purification work area is adopted, the operation efficiency of each work section can be ensured, relatively independent work areas are provided for desulfurization, denitrification and secondary purification, the influence of series flow of flue gas on the operation effect of each link is prevented, and ultra-clean treatment of the flue gas is realized;
(2) using chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation technology to make ClO2In the presence of oxygenThe gas in the chemical tower is fully mixed with the flue gas, so that the oxidation efficiency of NO is improved, and the using amount of an oxidant is saved;
(3) the flue gas is secondarily purified by the desulfurization solution, so that the desulfurization product is fully utilized, the overall desulfurization, denitrification and dedusting efficiency of the system is improved, and the denitrification cost and the waste liquid discharge amount are reduced; the secondary purification tower is adopted to perform reinforced desulfurization and denitrification and dedusting purification on the flue gas, the desulfurization rate and the denitrification rate respectively reach more than 99 percent and 97 percent, and the ultralow emission of the boiler flue gas can be realized;
(4) the waste liquid pretreatment device makes nitrite in the waste liquid obtain innocent treatment, and the desulfurization and denitrification product can be retrieved, and the process water obtains the retrieval and utilization, has reached the effect of water conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a desulfurization solution and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device provided by the invention.
In fig. 1: 1-a desulfurizing tower; 1.1-a flue gas inlet of a desulfurizing tower; 1.2-a desulfurizing liquid storage tank; 1.3-alkali liquor replenishing pipe; 1.4, 2.3, 3.5-circulation pump; 1.5-a desulfurizing liquid conveying pipe; 1.6, 2.5, 3.7-showers; 1.7-flue; 1.8-a desulfurization raffinate discharge pipe; 2-an oxidation denitration tower; 2.1-a denitration liquid storage tank; 2.2-alkali liquor replenishing pipe; 2.4-denitration liquid conveying pipe; 2.6-a deflector; 2.7-ClO2A gasification nozzle; 2.8-oxidizing the smoke outlet of the denitration tower; 2.9-denitration residual liquid discharge pipe; 3-a secondary purification tower; 3.1-flue gas inlet of secondary purification tower; 3.2-spraying liquid storage tank; 3.3-spraying liquid reflux pipe; 3.4-desulfurization liquid conveying pipe; 3.6-spraying liquid conveying pipe; 3.8-wet electric dust (fog) remover; 3.9-a flue gas outlet of the purification tower; 4-chlorine dioxide generator; 4.1-chlorine dioxide conveying pipe; 4.2-a booster pump; 5-a reaction concentration tank; 5.1 a stirrer; 5.2-auxiliary agent replenishing pipe; 5.3-clear water discharge pipe; 5.4-discharge of the crystals; 6-a filter; 6.2-filtrate outlet; 6.3-filtered water outlet; 7-a neutralization tank; 8-reuse water pump.
Detailed Description
The details and operation of the apparatus according to the invention are described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
The integrated gas-phase oxidation denitration flue gas purification device with the cooperation of the desulfurization solution and the chlorine dioxide comprises a desulfurization tower, an oxidation denitration tower and ClO2A supply device, a secondary purification tower and a desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid pretreatment device. Desulfurizing tower, oxidation denitration tower and secondary purification tower pass through the flue intercommunication, and the flue gas flow direction is the S type overall arrangement: the flue gas enters and goes out from the lower part of the desulfurization tower, enters and goes out from the upper part of the denitration tower, and enters and goes out from the lower part of the secondary purification tower. This flow overall arrangement provides relatively independent work area for desulfurization, denitration and secondary purification, prevents that the flue gas from streaming to the influence of each link operation effect.
The desulfurizing tower 1 is provided with a desulfurizing liquid storage tank 1.2, a desulfurizing circulating pump 1.4, a sprayer 1.6, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and the like; the desulfurizing liquid storage tank 1.2 is arranged at the bottom of the tower body, and is connected with an alkali liquor replenishing pipe 1.3 and a residual liquid discharging pipe 1.8; the flue gas import 1.1 sets up in the position that the lower part of the body of the tower is close to storage tank 1.2, and the import pipe is partly crooked 30 ~ 45 jiaos downwards in the tower to prevent that spray liquid from getting into. The flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the tower body; the sprayer 1.6 is arranged at the upper part of the tower body close to the outlet, a single layer or a plurality of layers can be arranged according to the requirement, and the spray angle of each spray head of the sprayer is not less than 120 degrees so as to ensure the coverage of spray liquid; the desulfurization solution is NaOH or Na2CO3、Mg(OH)2Or one or more compound solutions of lime and the like, preferably NaOH solution, and is not easy to block equipment; the circulating pump 1.4 pumps the desulfurization liquid from the desulfurization liquid storage tank and conveys the desulfurization liquid to the sprayer 1.6 for spraying.
The oxidation denitration tower 2 is provided with a denitration liquid storage tank 2.1, a denitration circulating pump 2.3, a sprayer 2.5 and ClO2A gasification nozzle 2.7, a guide plate 2.6, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and the like; the denitration liquid storage tank 2.1 is arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the flue gas inlet is arranged at the top of the tower body and is communicated with the gas outlet of the desulfurizing tower, the flue gas outlet 2.8 is arranged at the lower part of the tower body and is close to the storage tank, and the part of the outlet pipe in the tower is bent downwards by an angle of 30-45 degrees to prevent spraying liquid from entering; ClO2A gasification nozzle 2.7 is arranged at the position of the flue gas inlet and provides gaseous ClO2An oxidizing agent; ClO2The gasification nozzle is preferably made of corrosion-resistant alumina ceramic material, the spray angle is 90-170 degrees, the working pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the temperature can be kept above 500 ℃; baffle 2.6 in close proximity to the ClO2The lower part of the gasification nozzle 2.7 is arranged,ClO is made by mixed flow2Fully mixing the gas and the flue gas; the sprayer 2.5 is arranged close to the lower part of the guide plate, a single layer or a plurality of layers can be arranged according to the requirement, and the requirement of a sprayer nozzle is the same as that of the desulfurizing tower; the denitration liquid is NaOH or Na2SO3One or a compound solution thereof, preferably NaOH solution; denitration circulating pump 2.3 follows denitration liquid storage tank 2.1 extraction denitration liquid and carries to the sprayer and spray.
ClO2The supply device supplies an oxidizing agent containing ClO to the oxidation and denitration tower2A generator 4 and a booster pump 4.1; ClO2The generator adopts cane sugar and H2O2Or reducing sodium chlorate with methanol under acidic condition, or using NaClO2Reacting with hydrochloric acid to prepare ClO with the purity of more than 95 percent2A solution, preferably a sucrose reduced sodium chlorate process; prepared ClO2The solution is conveyed to ClO under the pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa by a booster pump 4.12The gasification nozzle 2.7 carries out spray gasification.
The secondary purification tower 3 is provided with a spraying liquid storage tank 3.2, a spraying liquid circulating pump 3.5, a sprayer 3.7, a tubular wet electric dust (fog) remover 3.8, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and the like; the spraying liquid storage tank 3.2 is arranged at the bottom of the tower body, and a return pipe 3.3 is arranged to be communicated with the desulfurizing liquid storage tank 1.2; the flue gas inlet 3.1 is arranged at the lower part of the tower body close to the storage tank 3.2, and the inlet pipe is partially bent downwards at an angle of 30-45 degrees in the tower to prevent spraying liquid from entering; the flue gas outlet 3.9 is arranged at the top of the tower body and is communicated with a chimney; a tubular wet electric dust (fog) remover 3.8 is arranged at the outlet of the tower top to enhance the dust removing effect and remove the water vapor in the flue gas; the sprayer 3.7 is arranged at the lower part of the wet electric dust (fog) remover 3.8, a single layer or a plurality of layers can be arranged according to the requirement, and the requirement of the sprayer nozzle of the secondary purification tower is the same as that of the desulfurization tower; the spraying liquid adopts the desulfurization liquid of a desulfurization tower, and a circulating pump extracts the desulfurization liquid from a desulfurization liquid storage tank through a pipeline 3.4 and conveys the desulfurization liquid to a sprayer 3.7 for spraying.
The desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid pretreatment device mainly comprises a reaction concentration tank 5, a filter 6, a neutralization tank 7 and a reuse water pump 8; the reaction concentration tank 5 is provided with a stirrer 5.1, a conical bottom, supernatant and crystal slurry discharge pipes 5.3, 5.4 and the like, wherein the included angle between the conical surface of the conical bottom and the horizontal plane is 45-60 degrees, so that crystals can be settled and discharged conveniently; the filter 6 comprises filter material 6.1, filtered water and filtered material discharge pipes 6.3 and 6.2. The desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid and the reaction auxiliary agent respectively enter a reaction concentration tank 5 through pipelines 1.8, 2.9 and 5.2, are uniformly mixed by a stirrer 5.1, then are reacted and naturally cooled, precipitated crystals are discharged through a pipeline 5.4, clear water enters a filter 6 through a pipeline 5.3, filtrate is discharged through a pipeline 6.2, and the filtrate is changed into neutrality through a neutralization tank 7 and then is sent to a wet cyclone dust collector or a desulfurization and denitrification liquid storage tank through a reuse water pump 8. In the invention, three regions of desulfurization, oxidation denitration and secondary cleaning are relatively independently arranged, so that the removal efficiency of each region on main target pollutants can be improved, and the adverse effect of smoke streaming on the removal effect is prevented, which is mainly embodied as follows:
(1) SO easily absorbed by cheap alkali liquor2Is basically removed in a desulfurizing tower and is used for conveying and purifying SO for an oxidation and denitration tower2The flue gas after the process avoids the problem that the prior single tower or integrated tower technology easily generates flue gas series flow to cause a large amount of SO2The waste gas enters an oxidation denitration tower to compete with NO for consuming the oxidant, so that the oxidant is mainly used for oxidizing NO, the oxidation rate of NO is improved, and the consumption of the oxidant is reduced;
(2) make the oxidation denitration tower mainly used for the oxidation of NO and NO which is easy to dissolve in water2And the removal of high-valence oxidation products thereof to avoid SO2With NO2Compete with the gas-liquid mass transfer and reaction of the sodium-alkali denitration liquid to reduce the denitration effect. At the same time, SO can also be avoided2Oxidized into sulfate, thereby losing the denitration utilization value.
(3) The secondary purification tower is mainly used for strengthening and purifying the flue gas, the two previous links are opposite to each other to realize high-efficiency operation, and the residual SO is2、NO2And lays a foundation for improving the terminal purification efficiency of pollutants such as smoke dust and the like and ultralow emission.
The desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device provided by the invention realizes flue gas purification, waste liquid treatment and water saving and emission reduction by the following steps:
(1) the flue gas after dust removal firstly enters a desulfurizing tower and is desulfurized in an alkali liquor spraying and absorbing mode;
(2)ClO2take place ofClO produced by reactor2The solution is conveyed to a gasification nozzle by a booster pump for gasification, and the desulfurized flue gas is firstly mixed with ClO in an oxidation denitration tower2Gas mixing to oxidize NO to NO2Then carrying out denitration by an alkali liquor spraying and absorbing mode;
(3) spraying and cleaning the desulfurized and denitrated flue gas in a secondary purification tower by using a desulfurization solution again to absorb residual NO in the flue gasxAnd SO2And then wet electric dedusting and demisting are carried out to finish final purification.
(4) And carrying out harmless pretreatment on the high-concentration desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid, separating crystal substances, and recycling clarified water.
The working mode is as follows:
(1) and (3) desulfurization: the flue gas after dust removal enters a desulfurizing tower from a flue gas inlet 1.1; the desulfurization circulating pump 1.4 extracts desulfurization liquid from the storage tank 1.2, and the desulfurization liquid is conveyed to the sprayer 1.6 for spraying through the pipeline 1.5, the flue gas flows in the tower from bottom to top in the reverse direction with the spraying liquid, and SO2The desulfurization solution is preferably 0.1-1 mol/L NaOH solution, and the liquid-gas ratio is 0.6-6L/m3Controlling the pH value of the desulfurization liquid in normal operation to be 5-8, and controlling the flow rate of flue gas to be 2-5 m/s; the supply amount of alkali is determined by NaOH and SO in the flue gas2Determining the molar ratio (1-2) of (A) to (B) to (C) 1; the desulfurization reaction is as follows:
2NaOH+SO2→Na2SO3+H2O (1)
Na2SO3+SO2+H2O→2NaHSO3(2)
(2) oxidation and denitration: the desulfurized flue gas enters the tower from the top of the denitration tower; ClO2The oxidant is atomized by the gasification nozzle 2.7 and quickly gasified at the temperature of the flue gas, and is uniformly mixed and reacted with the flue gas under the action of the guide plate 2.6 to oxidize NO into NO2Equal valence of NOx(ii) a The desulfurization circulating pump 2.3 extracts the denitration liquid from the storage tank 2.1 and conveys the denitration liquid to the sprayer 2.5 for spraying through a pipeline 2.4; the flue gas flows from top to bottom in the tower along with the spraying liquid, NO2Is absorbed by the spray liquid through gas-liquid mass transfer. The ClO2The oxidant is ClO with the purity of more than 95 percent2Solution of ClO2The generator 4 is prepared by raw material solution containing 3-5 mol/L sodium chlorate, 0.1 mol/L sucrose and 5 mol/L sulfuric acid, and the supply amount is ClO2The molar ratio (0.52-1) of the denitration liquid to NO in the flue gas is determined to be 1, preferably, the denitration liquid is 0.1-1 mol/L NaOH solution, and the liquid-gas ratio is 0.6-6L/m3Controlling the pH value of the normal operation of the denitration liquid to be 5-8, and controlling the flow velocity of flue gas to be 2-5 m/s; the supply amount of alkali is determined by NaOH and NO in the flue gas2Determining the molar ratio of (1.5-2) to (1); the oxidation and denitration reactions are as follows:
4NO+2ClO2→4NO2+Cl2(Oxidation) (3)
2NO+ClO2+H2O→NO2+HNO3+ HCl (oxy) (4)
2NO2+2NaOH→NaNO3+NaNO2+H2O (removal) (5)
NO2+NO+2NaOH→2NaNO2+H2O (removal) (6)
(3) Secondary purification: the flue gas after desulfurization and denitrification enters a secondary purification tower from a flue gas inlet 3.1; a circulating pump 3.5 extracts the desulfurization liquid from the storage tank 1.2 as a spraying liquid, the desulfurization liquid is conveyed to a sprayer 3.7 through a pipeline 3.4 for spraying, the flue gas flows in the tower from bottom to top in the reverse direction with the spraying liquid and carries out gas-liquid mass transfer, and SO is contained in the spraying liquid3 2-、OH-For residual NO in flue gasx、SO2Secondary absorption is carried out, and further purification of the flue gas is realized; demisting and dedusting the purified flue gas by a tower top wet electric dust (fog) remover, and then discharging the flue gas to a chimney; the sprayed cleaning liquid flows back to the desulfurization liquid storage tank 1.2 through the pipeline 3.3, so that the cyclic utilization of the desulfurization liquid is realized. Because the denitration stage adopts gas phase oxidation, ClO is saved2Amount of residual small amount of ClO in flue gas2Also substantially removed during denitration, so that the ClO in the flue gas entering the secondary purification tower2In an amount insufficient to affect SO3 2-The liquid-gas ratio of the spraying liquid is controlled to be 2-8L/m3To ensure the terminal purification effect, other operation parameters are the same as those of the desulfurization process; the desulfurization reaction in the secondary purification process is shown in formula 1 and formula 2, SO3 2-For NO2The removal reaction of (a) is as follows:
2NO2+SO3 2-+2OH-→2NO2 -+SO4 2-+2H2O (7)
(4) waste liquid treatment: discharging the desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid reaching absorption saturation into a reaction concentration tank 5 through pipelines 1.8 and 2.9 respectively, mixing the desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid with the added sulfamic acid auxiliary agent through stirring of a stirrer 5.1, reacting for 20-40 min under the conditions that the pH is 2-4, the temperature is 50-60 ℃ and stirring is carried out continuously, standing, and NO2 -Conversion to N2Is completely removed; according to the difference of the solubility of the substances at different temperatures, the reaction liquid is cooled to below 20 ℃, high-concentration sulfate, nitrate and other substances are separated out and crystallized and deposited at the conical bottom of the reaction concentration tank 5, and are discharged through a pipeline 5.4 for recovery treatment; the clarified water is filtered by a filter 6, neutralized by a neutralization tank 7, and then conveyed to a wet dust collector or a desulfurization and denitrification tower by a reuse water pump 8 to be used as process water. The amount of sulfamic acid used being based on its ratio to NO2 -The molar ratio is (0.8-1.2) to 1, and the main chemical reactions are as follows:
2NO2 -+3SO3 2-+2H+→N2↑+3SO4 2-+H2O (8)
NO2 -+(H2N)HSO3→N2↑+HSO4 -+H2O (9)
note that NO in the desulfurization/denitrification waste liquid2 -、NO3 -Mainly from the denitration process and with NO2 -Mainly (as shown in formulas 5 to 7), and NO2 -Is converted into N in the waste liquid treatment stage2Thus, the nitrogen-containing substances in the treated water are NO3 -Mainly comprises the following steps of; SO (SO)3 2-Mainly comes from the desulfurization process (shown as formula 1 and formula 2), SO4 2-SO from the secondary purification denitration process and the waste liquid treatment process of the desulfurization liquid3 2-And (H)2N)HSO3Is shown in formula 7 to formula 9)(ii) a General boiler flue gas SO2In an amount greater than NOxThus SO in the waste liquid3 2-And SO4 2-To total amount of NO3 -Much more. Due to the difference in solubility: sodium nitrate > sodium sulfite > sodium sulfate, and after crystallization and separation by the above method, the residual amount in water is as follows: sodium nitrate > sodium sulfite > sodium sulfate; but NO3 -And SO4 2-Generally does not participate in the desulfurization and denitrification reaction, and SO3 2-Can be used for desulfurization and denitrification, so that the treated clarified water has the feasibility of recycling.
The application effect of the device and the process of the invention is further illustrated with reference to example 1.
Example 1
The process shown in figure 1 of the invention is adopted to treat the flue gas of a 30t/h heat medium oil chain grate coal-fired boiler. The flue gas flow is 64400m3The particles are 1963-1989 mg/m3，SO2896-913 mg/m3，NOx290 to 320mg/m3(NO about 95%); the flue gas is dedusted by a multi-pipe deduster and a wet cyclone deduster before entering the desulfurizing tower.
The desulfurizer adopts NaOH with the concentration of 0.5 mol/L, the pH value is kept between 6 and 8 in the operation process, and the circulating amount of the desulfurization solution is 80m3H (liquid-gas ratio: 1.2L/m)3) The denitration agent adopts NaOH with the concentration of 0.2 mol/L, the pH value is kept between 6 and 8 in the operation process, and the circulation amount of the denitration liquid is 50m3H (liquid-gas ratio: 0.8L/m)3)，ClO2The feed rate was 22kg/h (ClO)2The mol ratio of/NO: 0.52); the spray liquid of the secondary purification tower adopts desulfurization liquid, and the circulation volume is 120m3H (liquid-gas ratio: 2L/m)3) (ii) a The circulating water of the wet cyclone dust collector adopts the recycled water after the waste liquid treatment, and the circulating amount is 40m3H (liquid-gas ratio: 0.6L/m)3) (ii) a The flow velocity of flue gas in the tower is 2-2.5 m/s.
After the treatment of the process, the particulate matters in the outlet flue gas are 2.3-3.1 mg/m3，SO22.6-4.6 mg/m3、NOxIs 7.1 to 8.6mg/m3Particle, SO2、NOxThe average removal rates of the nitrate and the nitrite are respectively 99.86%, 99.61% and 97.43%, and the ultra-low discharge requirement is met, through the detection of the nitrogen-containing substances in the filtered water of the waste liquid treatment device, the contents of the nitrate and the nitrite are respectively 8.13mg L and 0.024mg L, and the nitrite is effectively removed.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a desulfurization liquid is integrated gas purification device of chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration which characterized in that, the device includes:
desulfurizing tower, oxidation denitration tower and secondary purification tower through the flue intercommunication, form the flue gas flow direction and be the S type overall arrangement:
ensuring that the flue gas enters and exits from the lower part of the desulfurization tower, enters and exits from the upper part of the denitrification tower and enters and exits from the lower part of the secondary purification tower;
the desulfurizing tower is provided with a desulfurizing liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a sprayer and a flue gas inlet and outlet; the desulfurizing liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the flue gas inlet is arranged at the lower part of the tower body and close to the storage tank, and the flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the tower body; the sprayer is arranged at the upper part of the tower body close to the outlet;
the oxidation denitration tower is provided with a denitration liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a sprayer and ClO2The gasification spray head, the guide plate and the smoke inlet and outlet; the denitration liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the flue gas inlet is arranged at the top of the tower body and is communicated with the gas outlet of the desulfurizing tower, and the flue gas outlet is arranged at the lower part of the tower body and is close to the storage tank; ClO2The gasification spray head is arranged at the position of the air inlet and provides gaseous ClO for the oxidation of the flue gas2An oxidizing agent; the guide plate is arranged close to the ClO2Gasifying the lower part of the spray head to make ClO pass through mixed flow2Fully mixing the gas and the flue gas; the sprayer is arranged close to the lower part of the guide plate;
the secondary purification tower is provided with a spraying liquid storage tank, a circulating pump, a sprayer, a tubular wet electric dust (fog) remover, a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet and the like; the spraying liquid storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the tower body, and a return pipe is arranged to be communicated with the desulfurizing liquid storage tank; the flue gas inlet is arranged at the lower part of the tower body and close to the storage tank, and the flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the tower body and communicated with the chimney; a tubular wet electric dust (fog) remover is arranged at the outlet of the tower top to enhance the dust removing effect and remove the water vapor in the flue gas; the sprayer is arranged close to the lower part of the wet electric dust collector (fog);
also includes ClO2The supply device supplies oxidant including ClO to the oxidation and denitration tower2A generator and a booster pump; ClO2The generator will prepare the ClO2The solution is conveyed to ClO by a booster pump2A gasification nozzle;
the device is provided with a desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid pretreatment device which comprises a reaction concentration tank, a filter, a neutralization tank and a recycling pump; the reaction concentration tank is provided with a stirrer, a conical bottom, a supernatant and a crystal slurry discharge pipe; the filter comprises a filter material, filtered water and a filtered material discharge pipe.
2. The integrated gas-phase oxidation denitration flue gas purification device by combining desulfurization solution and chlorine dioxide according to claim 1, wherein a single layer or multiple layers can be arranged on sprayers in the desulfurization tower, the oxidation denitration tower and the secondary purification tower as required, and the spray angle of each spray head of each sprayer is not less than 120 degrees so as to ensure the coverage of the spray solution.
3. The integrated gas-phase oxidation denitration flue gas purification device by using desulfurization solution and chlorine dioxide as defined in claim 1, wherein the desulfurization solution in the desulfurization tower is NaOH or Na2CO3、Mg(OH)2Or one or more compound solutions of lime and the like; the denitration liquid in the oxidation denitration tower is NaOH or Na2SO3One or a compound solution thereof.
4. The desulfurization solution and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ClO is2The gasification nozzle is made of corrosion-resistant alumina ceramic material, the spray angle is 90-170 degrees, the working pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa, and the gasification nozzle can resist the temperature of more than 500 ℃.
5. The desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the included angle between the conical bottom surface of the reaction concentration tank of the waste liquid pretreatment device and the horizontal plane is 45-60 degrees, so as to facilitate the sedimentation and discharge of crystal.
6. The desulfurization solution and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ClO is2The generator adopts cane sugar and H2O2Or reducing sodium chlorate by methanol under acidic condition; NaClO can also be used2Reacting with hydrochloric acid to prepare ClO with purity of more than 95%2And (3) solution.
7. A process based on the device of any one of claims 1-characterized by the following specific steps:
(1) the flue gas after dust removal firstly enters a desulfurizing tower and is desulfurized in an alkali liquor spraying and absorbing mode;
(2)ClO2ClO produced by generator2The solution is conveyed to a gasification nozzle by a booster pump for gasification, and the desulfurized flue gas is firstly mixed with ClO in an oxidation denitration tower2Gas mixing to oxidize NO to NO2Then carrying out denitration by an alkali liquor spraying and absorbing mode;
(3) spraying and cleaning the desulfurized and denitrated flue gas in a secondary purification tower by using a desulfurization solution again to absorb residual NO in the flue gasxAnd SO2Then wet electric dedusting and demisting are carried out to complete final purification;
(4) and carrying out harmless pretreatment on the high-concentration desulfurization and denitrification waste liquid, separating crystal substances, and recycling clarified water.
8. The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein the liquid-gas ratio of the secondary purification tower spray liquid is controlled to be 2-8L/m3。
9. The process according to claim 7, wherein in the harmless pretreatment process, an sulfamic acid auxiliary agent is mixed with the waste liquid, the mixture is reacted for 20-40 min under the conditions of pH 2-4, temperature 50-60 ℃ and continuous stirring, the mixture is kept stand, and the reaction liquid is cooled to be below 20 ℃ according to the difference of material solubility at different temperatures; the amount of sulfamic acid used being based on its ratio to NO2 -The molar ratio is (0.8-1.2): 1.
CN202010219975.9A 2020-03-25 2020-03-25 Desulfurization liquid and chlorine dioxide gas phase oxidation denitration integrated flue gas purification device and process Pending CN111408250A (en)

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CN112403238B (en) * 2020-11-02 2022-11-29 攀枝花市蓝鼎环保科技有限公司 A SOx/NOx control device for high sulfur concentration flue gas
CN112403238A (en) * 2020-11-02 2021-02-26 攀枝花市蓝鼎环保科技有限公司 A SOx/NOx control device for high sulfur concentration flue gas
CN112619401A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-09 江苏君逸环保科技有限公司 Waste gas desulfurization and denitrification process flow
CN113413743B (en) * 2021-05-27 2022-06-14 浙江天蓝环保技术股份有限公司 Wet denitration and dust removal process and equipment for recycling denitration agent
CN113413743A (en) * 2021-05-27 2021-09-21 浙江天蓝环保技术股份有限公司 Wet denitration and dust removal process and equipment for recycling denitration agent
CN114602304A (en) * 2022-03-09 2022-06-10 安徽徽柏环保科技有限公司 Low-temperature efficient oxidation method denitration device
CN116510492A (en) * 2023-06-12 2023-08-01 山东正赢电力工程有限公司 Green's flue gas desulfurization denitration system

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