CN111406172A - 具有恒定压降的液压回路的阀 - Google Patents

具有恒定压降的液压回路的阀 Download PDF

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CN111406172A
CN111406172A CN201880076851.0A CN201880076851A CN111406172A CN 111406172 A CN111406172 A CN 111406172A CN 201880076851 A CN201880076851 A CN 201880076851A CN 111406172 A CN111406172 A CN 111406172A
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seat
valve
lip
head
slide
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CN111406172B (zh
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兰斯洛特·吉尤
斯蒂芬·路易斯·卢西恩·奥伯格
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F16K17/0466—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded with a special seating surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F16K17/0433—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded with vibration preventing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
    • F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
    • F16K3/246—Combination of a sliding valve and a lift valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K39/00—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces
    • F16K39/04—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for sliding valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00—Check valves
    • F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
    • F16K15/025—Check valves with guided rigid valve members the valve being loaded by a spring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
    • Y10T137/7922—Spring biased
    • Y10T137/7929—Spring coaxial with valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
    • Y10T137/7922—Spring biased
    • Y10T137/7929—Spring coaxial with valve
    • Y10T137/7938—Guide means integral and coplanar with valve disk

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种压力阀(11)，包括主体(12)，所述主体包括至少一个进气开口(17)和至少一个排气开口(18、19)，在所述主体(12)中滑动的滑阀(13)，所述滑阀(13)与主体(12)一起限定腔(24)，并且包括面对所述进气开口(17)的座(16)布置的头部(23)，将滑阀(13)的头部(23)压靠在座(16)上的弹簧(14)，以及将头部(23)施加到座(16)的唇部(31)。头部(23)包括使腔(24)与排气开口(18、19)连通的至少一个孔(33)，每个孔(33)均面对座(16)，并相对于进气开口(17)位于唇部(31)的下游，以在滑阀开启时通过文丘里效应降低腔中的压力。

Description

具有恒定压降的液压回路的阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种压力阀，其在例如在超压时保护回路，或在堵塞回路的主分支时允许液压流通过，或在被称为旁路分支的分支中控制流量。
背景技术
如图1示意性表示，这种压力阀1通常包括主体2，具有弹簧4的滑阀3在所述主体2中滑动，所述弹簧4趋于朝主体的进气开口7的座6挤压滑阀3。在这种布置中，座6的直径、弹簧4的预紧力和刚度共同地调节进气开口7和排气开口8之间压差的阈值，其被称为开启压差。超过该开启压差，阀1开启，滑阀3然后远离座6，以允许液压流从进气开口7朝一个或多个排气开口8穿过主体2。
在这种布置中，在弹簧的刚度对于相同的座直径来说很高时，滑阀的位移甚至更小，并且该位移调节流体通道段。该位移取决于阀两侧上的压差。实际上，阀的位移以及由此产生的相同通道段都随着流经阀的流量而略微地增加。
因此，如图2所示的这种阀中，根据由C标记的曲线，表示为D的流体增加导致压降的显著增加。
实际上，这种阀预计提供基本恒定的压降，也就是说，在流量增加时，所述压降不会增加。本发明的目的是提供一种引入基本恒定的压降的阀装置。
发明内容
为此，本发明的目的是一种压力阀，包括主体，所述主体包括至少一个排气开口以及设置有座的一个进气开口，流体能够从上游到下游从进气开口穿过到至少一个排气出口，与所述座相对在该主体的壳体中滑动的滑阀，该滑阀包括由头部封闭以与该壳体一起界定一个腔的圆柱形裙部，趋于使滑阀头部的侧面更接近座表面的偏置元件，密封唇部，在头部在偏置元件的作用下承载在座上时，头部的侧面和座的表面通过所述密封唇部保持一定的距离，所述头部包括穿过其侧面的至少一个孔，以使所述腔与至少一个排气开口连通，每个孔通向一个与每个排气开口连通的空间，与所述座的表面相对地并且相对于所述进气开口在所述唇部的下游定位，该环形空间与唇部一起界定一种拓宽部，所述拓宽部形成流体穿过所述阀的发散部分，从而在滑阀开启时通过文丘里效应降低腔中的压力。
通过这种布置，在大流量通过所述阀时，通过文丘里管效应使内腔减压，以增加滑阀的开度。
本发明还涉及一种因此限定的阀，其中，所述唇部由所述座的表面承载。
本发明还涉及一种因此限定的阀，其中，所述唇部由所述头部的侧面承载。
本发明还涉及一种因此限定的阀，包括以与字母T对应的配置所布置的一个进气开口和两个排气开口。
本发明还涉及一种因此限定的阀，其中，所述滑阀头部包括锥形或球形侧面，并且其中，所述座包括承载唇部的锥形或球形表面。
本发明还涉及一种因此限定的阀，其中，所述滑阀头部包括球形侧面，并且其中，所述座包括承载唇部的球形表面。
本发明还涉及一种因此限定的阀，其中，所述滑阀头部包括球形侧面，并且其中，所述座包括承载唇部的锥形表面。
附图说明
图1是现有技术已知的阀的剖视图；
图2是表示对于本领域已知的阀，从阈值开启压力P0开始，压降C随流量和压力P的增加而增加的示图；
图3是根据本发明的阀的剖视图；
图4是在根据本发明的阀中的座附近的流体流量的详细剖视图；
图5是示出对于根据本发明的阀，从开启阈值压力P0开始，随流量D和压力P的增加，压降C的微小变化的示图。
具体实施方式
在图3中，根据本发明由11标识的压力阀包括主体12，其中安装有滑阀13，所述滑阀13具有用于在一位置返回的系统(或偏置元件)，例如弹簧14，所述弹簧14趋于将该滑阀挤压在该主体12的进气开口17的座16上(该主体可由几个部件制造)，该主体还包括一个或多个排气开口18和19。所述排气开口可自由地定位在座后面。
滑阀13与进气开口17的座16相对，该座16因此界定了该开口17的内封口。滑阀13安装在与座16相对的主体12的相应壳体21中。
该滑阀13大致具有回转形状，其包括在壳体21侧敞开并且由与座16相对的滑阀头部23封闭的圆柱形裙部22。
如图3可以看出，壳体21具有圆柱形盲孔的形状，其内径对应于裙部22的外径，使得滑阀13在中滑动，与圆柱形壳体21共同界定一内腔24，在滑阀移离座16时，所述内腔24的体积减小，在由弹簧14将其挤靠在座16上时，所述内腔24的体积增大。
滑阀的头部23大致具有圆锥形或球形的形状，以形成也称为座的接触表面26。
如图4中清晰可见，座16包括一圆周边缘或肋28，该圆周边缘或肋28在朝阀突出的其内封口处围绕开口17。由与侧面26相对定位的圆锥形冠部29表面在内部界定该边缘28。
此外，座16在其底部，即在通过其圆锥形或球形环29连接到进气开口17的圆柱形内表面的区域中，包括一环形凸缘或唇部31，所述环形凸缘或唇部31沿锥形或球形侧面26的方向从锥形冠部29突出的。
在滑阀13关闭时，其锥形或球形侧面26承载在唇部31上以形成密封闭合，并且环形区域32保持在侧面26和冠部29之间，所述侧面26和冠部29在彼此径向地远离的同时彼此平行地延伸。
此外，滑阀的头部23包括一个或多个通孔33，所述通孔33通过界定侧面26的壁形成并通向滑阀13的腔24以使所述腔24与环形区域32(即与所述排气开口18、19)连通。
如图4可以看出，唇部31与环形空间32一起界定一个形成发散部分的拓宽部，在流量穿过阀11时，所述发散部分允许产生吸气效应。换句话说，并且如图4所示，在水流管线(current lines)LC进入形成发散部分的环形空间32时，它们彼此移动离开。
更具体地，在进气开口17中的压力特别地根据弹簧14的刚度和预紧度而超过临界值时，滑阀13通过抵靠弹簧14滑动而在壳体21中收缩，使得侧面26基本移动远离唇部31，唇部31限定一种以锥形或球形冠部形状的流体通道段。
在横穿该通道段之后，流体到达环形区域32，所述环形区域32提供更大的通道段，因为表面29相对于唇部31径向地后退。由于通道段的这种增加，流体经过文丘里效应，使得其压力降低，这产生一种通过孔33的吸气效应，导致腔24中的压力降低。
因此，孔33构成腔24中的减压孔：由于流体在唇部31下游的发散环形区域32中通过而产生的文丘里效应所引起的抽吸效应，这些孔中的压力低于出口压力。
如图3可以看出，腔24基本由壳体21和滑阀13密封地界定，腔24中压力的降低导致滑阀后退的增加，所述滑阀的侧面26与唇部偏离地更厉害，从而增加流体通道段。
由于这种操作，在阀开启时流量的增加趋于更强烈地开启该阀，从而增加通道段。更具体地，首先，流量的增加导致通过环形区域32的流体的速度更大，其增加了文丘里效应，从而增加了孔33和腔24中的压降。腔24中的压力降低导致滑阀13后退更多，也就是说，在流量增加时，通道段增加。
因此，由于该阀提供的通道段随流量波动，因此由该阀引入的压降基本恒定。在这些条件下，可以对阀测量尺寸，以获得相对于穿过阀的流量D基本恒定的压降C，如图5的曲线C所示，所述曲线示出了用P表示的压降随流量的微小变化。

Claims (6)

1.一种压力阀(11)，包括主体(12)，所述主体(12)包括至少一个排气开口(18、19)以及设置有座(16)的至少一个进气开口(17)，流体能够从上游到下游从所述进气开口(17)流到至少一个所述排气开口(18、19)，与所述座(16)相对在所述主体(12)的壳体(21)中滑动的滑阀(13)，该滑阀(13)包括由头部(23)封闭以与所述壳体(21)一起界定腔(24)的圆柱形裙部(22)，趋于使滑阀(13)头部(23)的侧面(26)更接近座(16)的表面(29)的偏置元件(14)，密封唇部(31)，当所述头部(23)在所述偏置元件(14)的作用下支撑在所述座(16)上时，所述头部(23)的侧面(26)和所述座(16)的表面(29)通过所述密封唇部(31)保持一距离，所述头部(23)包括穿过其侧面(26)，以使所述腔(24)与至少一个所述排气开口(18、19)连通的至少一个孔(33)，每个所述孔(33)均通向一与每个所述排气开口(18、19)连通的环形空间(32)，与所述座(16)的表面相对，并且相对于所述进气开口(17)位于所述唇部(31)的下游，该环形空间(32)与所述唇部(31)一起界定一拓宽部，所述拓宽部形成流体穿过所述阀(11)的发散部分，以在所述滑阀开启时通过文丘里效应降低所述腔中的压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阀，其中，所述唇部(31)由所述座(16)的表面(29)承载。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阀，其中，所述唇部(31)由所述头部(23)的侧面(26)承载。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的阀，其中，所述滑阀头部(23)包括圆锥形的或球形的侧面(26)，所述座包括承载所述唇部(31)的圆锥形的或球形的表面(29)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的阀，其中，所述滑阀头部(23)包括一球形的侧面(26)，所述座包括承载唇部(31)的球形的表面(29)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的阀，其中，所述滑阀头部(23)包括一球形的侧面(26)，所述座包括承载唇部(31)的圆锥形的表面(29)。
CN201880076851.0A 2017-12-05 2018-12-03 具有恒定压降的液压回路的阀 Active CN111406172B (zh)

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FR1761637 2017-12-05
FR1761637A FR3074554B1 (fr) 2017-12-05 2017-12-05 Clapet de circuit hydraulique a perte de charge constante
PCT/FR2018/053080 WO2019110901A1 (fr) 2017-12-05 2018-12-03 Clapet de circuit hydraulique a perte de charge constante

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EP3701176A1 (fr) 2020-09-02
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FR3074554B1 (fr) 2020-08-14
FR3074554A1 (fr) 2019-06-07
US20200386337A1 (en) 2020-12-10
CN111406172B (zh) 2023-01-17

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