CN111403166B - Preparation method of hot-pressed magnet and product thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of hot-pressed magnet and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111403166B CN111403166B CN202010304523.0A CN202010304523A CN111403166B CN 111403166 B CN111403166 B CN 111403166B CN 202010304523 A CN202010304523 A CN 202010304523A CN 111403166 B CN111403166 B CN 111403166B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
- H02K15/03—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies having permanent magnets
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a hot-pressed magnet and a product thereof, wherein the preparation method mainly comprises the following steps: step 1, firstly, pressing and forming crystalline magnetic powder to obtain a powder blank; step 2, coating a lubricant on the outer surface of the powder blank obtained in the step 1; step 3, heating the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 to 600-900 ℃, and then heating the powder blank to 1t/cm 2 ～7t/cm 2 Under the pressure of (3), press-molding to obtain a hot-pressed magnet. In the preparation process, a layer of lubricant is coated on the surface of a powder blank formed by pressing crystalline magnetic powder, then a hot-pressed magnet is prepared by controlling the temperature and the pressure, non-magnetic materials do not appear in the magnet product, and the magnetic powder particles have stronger binding force and higher density, so that the magnet has higher magnetic performance and can be suitable for long-time application in a higher temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of permanent magnets, in particular to a preparation method of a hot-pressed magnet and a product thereof.
Background
Magnetic powder on the market at present is mainly divided into crystalline magnetic powder and amorphous magnetic powder, and the internal structure of each crystal grain in the crystalline magnetic powder has three-dimensional periodicity corresponding to a three-dimensional lattice, is in a long-range ordered state and has higher magnetic performance. Crystalline magnetic powder is commonly used as raw material magnetic powder of a bonded magnet, the bonded magnet has good formability and dimensional accuracy, and the bonded magnet is prepared by mainly mixing the raw material magnetic powder with a binder and then using a forming process, wherein the binder is mainly used for increasing the fluidity of magnetic powder particles and the bonding strength between the raw material magnetic powder. However, the adhesive is a non-magnetic material, the addition of the adhesive enables the contact surface between the magnetic powder particles to be less, or gaps exist between the magnetic powder particles, so that the magnetic performance is reduced, the use temperature is not high, and the motor is not suitable for long-time use of a high-rotation-speed motor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a hot-pressed magnet and a product thereof, aiming at the technical problems that crystalline magnetic powder is often used as raw material magnetic powder of a bonded magnet in the prior art, the adhesive is a non-magnetic material, the addition of the adhesive causes less contact surfaces among magnetic powder particles, the magnetic property is lower, the use temperature is not high, and the hot-pressed magnet is not suitable for a high-rotating-speed motor. The hot-pressed magnet is not added with adhesive in the preparation process, the magnetic property of the magnet is obviously improved by controlling the temperature and the pressure, the density is higher, the use temperature is higher, and the hot-pressed magnet can be used for a high-speed motor for a longer time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a hot-pressed magnet comprises the following steps: step 1, pressing and forming crystalline magnetic powder to obtain a powder blank; step 2, coating a lubricant on the outer surface of the powder blank obtained in the step 1; step 3, heating the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 to 600-900 ℃, and then heating the powder blank to 1t/cm 2 ～7t/cm 2 Under the pressure of (2), press to obtain a hot-pressed magnet.
The invention provides a preparation method of a hot-pressed magnet, wherein in the preparation process, a layer of high-temperature lubricant is coated on the surface of a powder blank formed by pressing crystalline magnetic powder, and then the hot-pressed magnet is prepared by controlling the temperature and the pressure.
Further, the crystalline magnetic powder in step 1 is ferrite magnetic powder, rare earth magnetic powder, or Al-Ni-Co permanent magnetic powder, such as rare earth magnetic powder having SmCo 5 2:17 type Sm-Co and rare earth iron series permanent magnet material, wherein the rare earth iron series permanent magnet material comprises Nd-Fe-B series permanent magnet material, rare earth iron gap compound (such as Sm2 Fe) 17 N 3 ，Nd(Fe,M) 12 Nx，Nd3(Fe,M) 29 Nx), rare earth iron series nano composite permanent magnetic material.
Further, in the step 1, the crystalline magnetic powder is mixed and pressed to form, so as to obtain a powder blank.
Further, the thickness of the lubricant coated on the outer surface of the powder blank in the step 2 is 0.1 mm-0.15 mm. The lubricant mainly has the effects of reducing the friction force between the powder blank and a forming die, the thickness is too low and cannot be fully isolated, the friction force is increased, the process quality of a product is influenced, the thickness of the lubricant is too large, the lubricant is easy to layer and drop after forming, if the lubricant drops into a die cavity, the forming appearance of the next blank can be influenced, and for example, the dropped lubricant is embedded into the surface of the blank to form a pit.
Further, in the step 3, the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 is heated to 600-800 ℃ for preparing a high residual magnetism magnet product.
Further, in the step 3, the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 is preheated to 600-770 ℃, and then the preheated powder blank is put into a mold with the temperature of 600-800 ℃ for pressing, wherein the temperature in the mold is more than or equal to the preheated temperature and is used for preparing a high-remanence magnet product.
Further, in the step 3, the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 is heated to 750-900 ℃ for preparing a high-coercivity magnet product. Generally, the optimum temperature for forming is 600-750 ℃, the growth rate of crystal grains becomes fast after the temperature exceeds 750 ℃, and the coercivity is reduced after the crystal grains grow. Ideally, the heating is carried out for a long time at low temperature so as to minimize the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the blank, and the heating time is determined according to the volume of the powder blank in actual conditions. In addition, the selection of the heating temperature depends on the performance of the magnet product, and generally, the forming temperature is lower for manufacturing the product with high remanence because the magnetic powder with high remanence has better forming property. And the molding temperature is higher when a product with high coercivity is manufactured.
Further, in the step 3, the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 is preheated to 600-800 ℃, and then the preheated powder blank is put into a mold with the temperature of 600-900 ℃ for pressing, wherein the temperature in the mold is more than or equal to the preheated temperature and is used for preparing a high-coercivity magnet product. In the actual production process, the inventor finds that the time required for directly heating the powder blank to the end point temperature is a little long, the continuity of product production on a production line can be influenced, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the powder blank is ensured to be small, the powder blank is preheated and then placed into a high-temperature die, crystal grains cannot grow rapidly, the magnetic property is influenced, the reduced temperature can be compensated, and the production efficiency is improved.
Further, the pressure in step 3 is 2t/cm 2 -5t/cm 2 . Through a large amount of experimental researches of the inventor, different materials adapt to different temperatures, the change of pressure has certain influence on the magnetic performance of the magnet under the same material and the same temperature, the pressure is too small, the density among magnetic powder particles is not large enough, air gaps possibly exist, and the binding force of the magnetic powder is influenced, so that the magnetic performance of the magnet is influenced.
The invention also provides a hot-pressed magnet product obtained by the preparation method, wherein the hot-pressed magnet does not contain non-magnetic materials, and the magnetic powder particles have stronger binding force and higher density, so that the magnet has higher magnetic performance and can adapt to a high-temperature environment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a preparation method of a hot-pressed magnet and a product thereof, wherein in the preparation process, a layer of high-temperature lubricant is coated on the surface of a powder blank formed by pressing crystalline magnetic powder, and then the hot-pressed magnet is prepared by controlling the temperature and the pressure, so that the obtained magnet product has no non-magnetic material, and the magnetic powder particles have stronger binding force and higher density, so that the magnet has magnetic performance superior to that of a bonded magnet prepared from the same raw materials and can adapt to higher working temperature.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation of a Hot-pressed magnet
Step 1, firstly, pressing and forming crystalline Al-Ni-Co permanent magnetic powder to obtain a powder blank;
step 2, coating a high-temperature lubricant with the thickness of 0.1mm on the outer surface of the powder blank obtained in the step 1;
step 3, slowly heating the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 to 800 ℃, and then heating the powder blank at the temperature of 5t/cm 2 Under the pressure of (3), press-molding to obtain a hot-pressed magnet.
Example 2
Preparation of a Hot-pressed magnet
Step 1, firstly, pressing and forming crystalline ferrite permanent magnetic powder to obtain a powder blank;
step 2, coating a high-temperature lubricant with the thickness of 0.14mm on the outer surface of the powder blank obtained in the step 1;
step 3, slowly heating the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 to 760 ℃, and then heating the powder blank at 3t/cm 2 Under the pressure of (3), press-molding to obtain a hot-pressed magnet.
Testing the magnetic properties of the hot-pressed magnet: a remanence Br of 4.38 kGs; the maximum energy product (BH) max is 4.07 MGOe; the coercive force Hcb is 3.75 kOe; the intrinsic coercive force Hcj was 3.85 kOe.
The magnetic powder of crystalline ferrite permanent magnet is used as the raw material of magnetic powder, epoxy resin is used as the binder, the bonded magnet is prepared according to the conventional preparation method, and the magnetic performance range of the bonded magnet is obtained: a remanence Br of 3.72 kGs; maximum magnetic energy product (BH) max is 3.18 MGOe; the coercive force Hcb is 3.41 kOe; the intrinsic coercive force Hcj was 4.18 kOe.
Example 3
Preparation of a Hot-pressed magnet
Step 1, firstly, crystalline SmCo 5 Pressing and forming the permanent magnet powder to obtain a powder blank;
step 2, coating a high-temperature lubricant with the thickness of 0.14mm on the outer surface of the powder blank obtained in the step 1;
step 3, slowly preheating the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 to 760 ℃, then placing the preheated powder blank into a 800-DEG C mold, staying for 5s, and then keeping the temperature at 3t/cm 2 Under the pressure of (3), press-molding to obtain a hot-pressed magnet.
Example 4
High remanence hot-pressed magnet prepared by using crystalline Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet material
The permanent magnet material used comprises, by weight, 26% of neodymium atoms, 1% of boron atoms, 1.9% of niobium atoms and 71.1% of iron atoms.
Step 1, firstly, crystalline Nd 2 Fe 14 B, pressing and forming the permanent magnetic powder to obtain a powder blank;
step 2, coating a high-temperature lubricant with the thickness of 0.12mm on the outer surface of the powder blank obtained in the step 1;
step 3, slowly heating the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 to 620 ℃ at 3.2t/cm 2 Under the pressure of (3), press-molding to obtain a hot-pressed magnet.
Examples 5 to 12
Examples 5 to 11 procedures and raw materials for producing a hot-pressed magnet were the same as in example 4 except for the molding temperature, and the molding temperature and magnetic properties of the hot-pressed magnet products in examples 5 to 11 are shown in table 1.
Example 12 a bonded magnet was prepared according to a conventional preparation method using the same magnetic powder material as in example and an epoxy resin as a binder (2.5% by weight), and the magnetic properties of the bonded magnet were obtained: a remanence Br of 7.59 kGs; the large magnetic energy product (BH) max is 10.85 MGOe; coercivity Hcb was 5.41 KOe; the intrinsic coercive force Hcj was 7.22 KOe.
TABLE 1 Forming temperatures and magnetic Properties of Hot-pressed magnet products in examples 5 to 11
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the hot-pressed magnet prepared at a temperature of 600 ℃ to 900 ℃ has magnetic properties higher than those of the bonded magnet prepared from the same raw materials, and the properties of the hot-pressed magnet prepared at a temperature of less than 600 ℃ and more than 900 ℃ are reduced. Generally, the molding temperature for manufacturing products with high remanence is lower because the magnetic powder with high remanence has better moldability. Therefore, when preparing the high remanence hot-pressed product, the preferred forming temperature is 600-800 ℃.
Examples 12 to 18
Examples 12 to 17 were produced by the same procedure as in example 4, except that the starting material and the forming temperature were changed, and the starting material for examples 12 to 17 was a crystalline Nd-Fe-B-based permanent magnet material having a neodymium atom content of 23.9%, a boron atom content of 1.0%, a niobium atom content of 1.8%, and an iron atom content of 73.3% by weight to produce a high coercive force magnet. The forming temperature and the magnetic properties of the hot-pressed magnet products in examples 12 to 17 are shown in Table 2.
Example 18 a bonded magnet was prepared according to a conventional preparation method using the same magnetic powder raw materials as in examples 12 to 17 and an epoxy resin as a binder, to obtain a range of magnetic properties of the bonded magnet: the remanence Br is 6.96 kGs; the large magnetic energy product (BH) max is 10.23 MGOe; coercive force Hcb is 5.95 KOe; the intrinsic coercive force Hcj was 12.27 KOe.
TABLE 2 Forming temperatures and magnetic Properties of Hot-pressed magnet products in examples 12 to 17
As can be seen from the data in table 2, the hot-pressed magnet prepared at a temperature of 750 to 900 ℃ has magnetic properties higher than those of the bonded magnet prepared from the same raw materials, and the properties of the hot-pressed magnet prepared at a temperature of less than 600 ℃ and more than 900 ℃ are both reduced, and it has been found through extensive studies by the inventors that when a product with high residual magnetism is manufactured, the formability of the high coercive force magnetic powder is poor at a temperature of less than 750 ℃, the formed magnetic powder is not dense, and the properties of the hot-pressed magnet are also reduced, preferably, the forming temperature is 750 to 900 ℃.
Examples 19 to 26
Examples 19 to 26 procedures and raw materials for producing hot-pressed magnets were the same as those in example 7 except for the forming pressure, and the forming pressures in examples 19 to 26 and the magnetic properties of the hot-pressed magnet products are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Density and magnetic Properties of Forming pressure and Hot-pressed magnet products in examples 19 to 26
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, through a great deal of experimental research by the inventor, it is found that, under the same material and the same temperature, the change of pressure has a certain effect on the magnetic performance of the magnet, the pressure is too small, and the density among the magnetic powder particles is not large enough, such as less than 1t/cm 2 When the pressure is too low, the magnetic powder can not be molded and is less than 2t/cm 2 In the process, air gaps may exist, the binding force of magnetic powder is influenced, the magnetic performance of the magnet is influenced, and the molding requirement limit of the mold can be reached when the pressure is too large. Preferably, the molding pressure is 2t/cm 2 -5t/cm 2 。
Example 27
The hot-pressed magnet of example 8 was prepared in a mass production process, with the following specific steps
Step 1, firstly, pressing and forming crystalline rare earth permanent magnetic powder to obtain 1000 powder blanks with the volume of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm;
step 2, coating a high-temperature lubricant with the thickness of 0.12mm on the outer surface of the powder blank obtained in the step 1;
step 3, preheating 1000 powder blanks coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 to 750 ℃ within 180s, then respectively placing the 1000 powder blanks into a mold at 770 ℃, standing for 120s, and then keeping at 3t/cm 2 Under the pressure of (3), press-molding to obtain a hot-pressed magnet.
The hot-pressed magnet prepared by the method is suitable for higher working temperature and can be used for a high-rotating-speed motor.
In the actual production process, the inventor finds that the time required for directly heating the powder blank to the end temperature is a little long, which can affect the continuity of the product production on a production line, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the powder blank is ensured to be small, the powder blank is preheated and then placed in a high-temperature die, so that the crystal grains can be controlled to grow rapidly, the magnetic property is affected, the reduced temperature can be compensated, and the production efficiency is improved.
The invention provides a preparation method of a hot-pressed magnet, wherein in the preparation process, a layer of high-temperature lubricant is coated on the surface of a powder blank formed by pressing crystalline magnetic powder, and then the hot-pressed magnet is prepared by controlling the temperature and the pressure.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a high-remanence hot-pressed magnet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, pressing and forming crystalline magnetic powder to obtain a powder blank; the crystalline magnetic powder is ferrite magnetic powder, rare earth magnetic powder or Al-Ni-Co permanent magnetic powder, and the rare earth magnetic powder is SmCo5, 2:17 type Sm-Co and Nd-Fe-B series permanent magnetic material, rare earth iron gap compound or rare earth iron series nano composite permanent magnetic material;
step 2, coating a lubricant on the outer surface of the powder blank obtained in the step 1;
step 3, preheating the powder blank coated with the lubricant obtained in the step 2 to 600-770 ℃, and then putting the preheated powder blank into a mold with the temperature of 600-800 ℃ for pressing, wherein the temperature in the mold is more than or equal to the preheated temperature, and the pressing is carried outThe pressure is 2t/cm 2 ～5t/cm 2 And pressing to obtain the hot-pressed magnet.
2. The method for producing a high remanence hot-pressed magnet according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the crystalline magnetic powder is mixed and press-formed to obtain a powder compact.
3. The method for producing a high residual magnetism hot-pressed magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the lubricant coated on the outer surface of the compact in step 2 has a thickness of 0.1mm to 0.15 mm.
4. A hot-pressed magnet produced by the method for producing a high residual magnetism hot-pressed magnet according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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| CN113996791B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-05-02 | 宁波金鸡强磁股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-performance hot-pressing neodymium-iron-boron magnetic ring |
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| CN1066744A (en) * | 1991-05-15 | 1992-12-02 | 通用汽车公司 | Hot-pressed magnets in open-air presses |
| CN1267892A (en) * | 1999-01-27 | 2000-09-27 | 住友特殊金属株式会社 | Rare earth metal base permanent magnet and its producing process |
| CN201669424U (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2010-12-15 | 华南理工大学 | Warm powder high-speed pressing and forming device |
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