CN1114027C - 旋转轴向发动机 - Google Patents

旋转轴向发动机 Download PDF

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CN1114027C
CN1114027C CN99814236A CN99814236A CN1114027C CN 1114027 C CN1114027 C CN 1114027C CN 99814236 A CN99814236 A CN 99814236A CN 99814236 A CN99814236 A CN 99814236A CN 1114027 C CN1114027 C CN 1114027C
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rotor
blade
annular pass
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CN1329695A (zh
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格奥尔吉列昂尼多维奇·科兹洛夫
彼德阿纳托利耶维奇·雷格尔
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Lattice Wood preferred Ltd
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Akoto Trading Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/34Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F01C1/344Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/34Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F01C1/344Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member
    • F01C1/3448Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the inner member with axially movable vanes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01CROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C1/00Rotary-piston machines or engines
    • F01C1/30Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F01C1/32Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having both the movement defined in group F01C1/02 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B53/00Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
    • F02B2053/005Wankel engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B53/00Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于内燃机领域,以及涉及一种旋转轴向发动机,它具有壳体(1),壳体具有波纹形的环形通道(10)供其中放置工作件,以及在其中转子(5)这样安装,使其周边部分位于上述通道(10)内。转子(5)的周边部分具有切槽,在其中安装活动叶片(8),从而使转子(5)旋转时,叶片(8)可以沿波纹形通道(10)运动。叶片(8)制造成扁平筒形状,它具有相互相对的切向槽(16),以及具有盘形的端部,排列在上述切向槽(16)的两侧。位于围绕盘形端部的切向槽具有密封元件(17),它这样安装,使有可能沿上述盘形端部的周边运动。转子(5)的切槽具有的形状相当于在垂直于切向槽(16)方向的直径平面上叶片(8)的横截面。由于叶片(8)的盘形端部的圆形,当叶片(8)沿通道(10)施加压力时,密封元件(17)能够在叶片(8)的上述盘形端部的槽内运动,它导致上述密封元件均匀的磨损以及发动机更可靠的工作。

Description

旋转轴向发动机
本发明涉及内燃机,更具体说,涉及旋转发动机,以及它可以用于例如汽车这样的车辆或飞机,以及小型动力厂。
Wankel提议的旋转活塞发动机具有三角形转子,位于圆筒形壳体内,其剖面按照圆外旋轮线制造。转子这样安装,使它可在偏心轴上旋转以及刚性连接至活动的齿轮,而活动的齿轮与静齿轮相交。带有活动齿轮的转子围绕静齿轮转动,从而使其边缘沿壳体的内表面滑动,断开通过工作介质用的通道腔室的可变的容积,此通道是在壳体的内表面和转子表面之间形成的。壳体设置燃料混合物供给口以及废气排出口,以及与通道连接的腔室,火花塞安装在此腔室内。发动机没有经受往复运动的笨重零件,其结果是增加了冲程的平稳性,工作中噪声水平和振动降低。
然而,这种结构具有的缺点是存在齿轮和偏心轴,它们降低了工作的可靠性。
已公开了一种旋转发动机,其转子位于轴向(见WO 94/04794 IPCF01C1/344,1994年3月3日公开)。这种发动机具有壳体,在它内部带叶片的转子固定在转动轴上,叶片安装在转子周边部分制造的切槽内。壳体是由两个沉重的盖子相互连接到一起组成。可拆的插入件由转子侧面安装到每个盖子的环形凹座内。插入件形成环形通道,供工作介质通过,在其中放置了转子的周边部分和叶片。叶片具有矩形板的形状,它的短侧面对着盖子,具有曲率半径,以及转子的切槽具有直缝的形状,相当于矩形板的横截面。供工作介质通过的环形通道具有矩形截面,其形状相当于叶片的形状,以及被转子盘分割成两个相等容积部分。在沿转子轴的方向上通道按照周期规律弯曲成波纹形,相对于转子中部对称,并垂直于转子轴。通道沿其弯曲的波纹形曲线具有在平面上展开的圆外旋轮线形状。盖子设置空气吸入口和废气排出口,以及还设置与通道连接的腔室,在此腔室中安装燃料注射喷嘴。这种发动机具有轴向位置的转子盘,以及完全平衡,因此工作更可靠。然而,叶片上的静态密封件导致工作过程中的磨损不均匀。在叶片弯曲部分的密封件比直线部分的密封件磨损快得多,其结果是工作室内的气密性损失,以及随之功率下降,或者甚至损坏发动机。
本发明的基本目的是增加旋转发动机结构工作的可靠性。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种旋转轴向发动机,它具有由两个相互连接的盖子组成的壳体,固定在轴上的转子,它安装在两个盖子之间,以及在其周边部分具有导槽,导槽沿转子轴在径向平面内取向,以及叶片安装在导槽内,并有可能沿平行于转子轴的方向往复运动,而环形凹座设在每个盖子的内表面上,这种形状使两个盖子连接时形成供工作介质通过的环形通道,环形通道在前进通过转子轴的部分具有的形状,相当于叶片的形状,以及按照周期规律弯曲成波纹形,相对于转子中部对称,垂直于转子轴。叶片带有密封元件,带有安装叶片的转子的周边部分位于环形通道内,以及每个盖子具有空气吸入口,供给空气至环形通道,以及废气排出口,以及还具有连接至环形通道的腔室,在此腔室中安装燃料注射喷嘴,按照本发明,每个叶片具有扁平圆筒形状,在其侧表面上有两个切向槽,位置相互完全相反,转子的引导切槽具有的形状相当于在垂直于切向槽方向的直径平面内叶片的横截面。环形通道最好按照正弦曲线弯曲。
说明本发明的附图中:
图1是发动机的等距离透视图;
图2是带有密封元件的叶片的等距离透视图;
图3是图1A-A的剖面图;以及
图4是发动机的工作过程图,环形部分沿通道10的中线在平面上展开。
发动机具有上盖子1和下盖子2,它们用螺栓3通过垫片4相互连接。转子5固定在盖子1和2之间的轴6上,并可以在轴承7内转动。转子5在其外周边部分具有引导切槽,而叶片8自由安装在此切槽内。盖子1和2在面对转子5的侧面具有环形凹座9,它们制成这样的形状,使在两个盖子装配成单一结构时,形成通道10用于通过工作介质,通道10被转子5分割,转子5的周边部分和安装的叶片一起位于环形通道10内。环形通道10具有通过轴6的横截面,它是圆形,其直径相当于叶片8的直径。环形通道10按照周期规律弯曲成波纹形,最好为正弦曲线形,相对于转子5的中部对称,并垂直于轴6。在盖子1和2上带有空气吸入口12和废气排出口13。在每个盖子的壳体内设置与通道10连接的腔室14,在此腔室内放置燃料注射喷嘴15,如果需要,可放置热球点火系统(图中未示出)。
叶片8具有扁平圆筒形状,在它的侧面制出两个切向槽16,位置相互相对。圆筒的端面部分位于切向槽16的两侧,形成叶片8的盘部。密封元件是密封环17,自由安装在叶片8盘部侧面制出的槽内。
转子5的切槽内安装叶片8,它具有的形状相当于在垂直于切向槽16方向的直径平面上叶片8的横截面,即H形。而叶片8的盘部进入切槽的平行部分,以及它位于切向槽16之间和连接盘部的部分,进入切槽连接上述平行部分的切槽部分。
通道10被转子5分割成两部分,每一部分可以有条件地分割成空气吸入区18,压缩区19,工作冲程区20,废气排出区21。在这里通道10的上部的每个工作区相对于通道的下部的类似的工作区偏移预定的角度。在图4所示通道10的”正弦曲线”具有2周期的情况下,偏移角为90°。在功率较大,以及随之转子直径也较大的发动机内,建议增加环形通道的周期(弯曲线)的数目。在这种情况下,偏移角是类似的。
发动机的工作方式如下。
在开始时刻,起动机构带动转子5进入旋转以及叶片8与转子5一起开始围绕轴6沿通道10运动。与此同时,空气通过吸入口12吸入或者在压力下注射入位于吸入区18内相邻的叶片8之间的空间。之后,在相邻的叶片通过吸入口12之后,它们之间的空间减小以及产生空气压缩(在区域19)在工作冲程区20内燃料在高度压缩下自动点火或借助热球点火系统点火,此燃料是由室14供给,通过喷嘴15进入压缩空气中。膨胀气体的压力作用于叶片8和引起转子5旋转。废气通过排出区21的出口13排出。在此之后,借助通过喷嘴15连续供给燃料使燃烧保持。
在发动机工作时,叶片8经历复杂的运动:在转子5的切槽内沿平行于轴6的方向的往复运动,以及沿环形通道10的前进运动。由于切向槽16,叶片8在沿转子的轴6运动时不能沿转子5的半径移动,以及非常强地压紧顶住通道10的壁,例如,经受离心力的作用,它可能导致叶片卡住。
叶片8之间工作腔室的密封是使用密封环17实现。由于叶片8盘部的圆形以及密封环17自由安装在盘部的槽内,在叶片运动时密封环17沿这些槽滑动和转动,不断地改变位置,它保证了均匀的磨损和发动机更可靠的工作。
通道10的正弦曲线形不是强制性的,但从发动机均匀工作的观点看是最佳的,以及可以防止叶片在运动时在通道内卡住,特别是在转子5高频旋转的情况下。
本发明的发动机可以使用任何液体碳氢燃料按照上述循环工作。
为了达到较大的发动机功率,可以在盖子内制造数个同心通道,以及在转子上制造数排切槽,并在其中安装相应数目的叶片。

Claims (2)

1.一种旋转轴向发动机,它具有由两个相互连接的盖子组成的壳体,固定在轴上的转子,转子安装在盖子之间以及在其周边部分具有引导切槽,切槽沿转子轴在半径平面内取向,以及叶片安装在切槽内使有可能沿平行于转子轴的方向往复运动,而环形凹座设在每个盖子的内表面上,这种形状使两个盖子连接时形成供工作介质通过的环形通道,环形通道在前进通过转子轴的部分具有的形状,相当于叶片的形状,以及按照周期规律弯曲成波纹形,相对于转子中部对称,垂直于转子轴,叶片带有密封元件,带有安装叶片的转子的周边部分位于环形通道内,以及每个盖子具有空气吸入口,供给空气至环形通道,以及废气排出口,以及还具有连接至环形通道的腔室,在此腔室中安装燃料注射喷嘴,其特征在于,每个叶片(8)具有扁平圆筒形状,在其侧表面上有两个切向槽(16),位置相互相对,转子(5)的引导切槽具有的形状相当于在垂直于切向槽(16)方向的直径平面内叶片(8)的横截面,以及密封元件(17)安装在叶片(8)的盘部的侧表面上,并有可能沿叶片(8)的盘部的周边自由运动。
2.按照权利要求1的旋转轴向发动机,其特征在于所述的环形通道弯曲成正弦曲线形。
CN99814236A 1998-12-11 1999-12-10 旋转轴向发动机 Expired - Fee Related CN1114027C (zh)

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RU98123144A RU2148721C1 (ru) 1998-12-11 1998-12-11 Роторный аксиальный двигатель

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KR (1) KR100452522B1 (zh)
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KR100452522B1 (ko) 2004-10-12
WO2000036278A2 (fr) 2000-06-22
EP1298284A4 (en) 2004-05-12
EP1298284A2 (en) 2003-04-02
JP2003520921A (ja) 2003-07-08
RU2148721C1 (ru) 2000-05-10
CA2354393A1 (en) 2000-06-22
CN1329695A (zh) 2002-01-02
JP3488430B2 (ja) 2004-01-19
AU3085700A (en) 2000-07-03
WO2000036278A3 (fr) 2003-01-23
KR20010101164A (ko) 2001-11-14
US6401687B1 (en) 2002-06-11

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