CN111400836B - Design optimization method and device for cutter tooth length and arrangement density of residual film recycling machine - Google Patents

Design optimization method and device for cutter tooth length and arrangement density of residual film recycling machine Download PDF

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CN111400836B
CN111400836B CN202010208692.4A CN202010208692A CN111400836B CN 111400836 B CN111400836 B CN 111400836B CN 202010208692 A CN202010208692 A CN 202010208692A CN 111400836 B CN111400836 B CN 111400836B
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CN111400836A (en
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胡灿
郭文松
王旭峰
贺小伟
王龙
陈墨
赵鹏飞
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Tarim University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

The invention provides a design optimization method and device for the length and arrangement density of cutter teeth of a residual film recycling machine. The device comprises: the tension sensor (1) is connected with the frame of the film lifting parameter design optimizing device and is used for being connected with traction power; a data receiver (2) fixed to the frame; a motor (3) fixed to the frame; a torque sensor (4) installed between the transmission shafts (7); the rotary tillage blade (5) is arranged on the transmission shaft (7); an adjustable travelling wheel (6) is fixed at the lower part of the frame. The device and the method provided by the invention can be used for optimizing parameters such as the length, the arrangement density and the like of the film lifting cutter teeth, can accurately determine required design parameters, have higher design precision, and are beneficial to improving the residual film recovery rate of the film lifting machine. The method can be used for designing the parameters such as the length of the film lifting cutter teeth and the arrangement density of the residual film recycling machine and referring to an agricultural machinery test device.

Description

Design optimization method and device for cutter tooth length and arrangement density of residual film recycling machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a design optimization method and device for the length and arrangement density of cutter teeth of a residual film recycling machine.
Background
The problem of farmland residual film pollution is increasingly serious, and mechanized recovery is the most extensive recovery mode at present. The residual mulch film on the plough layer refers to residual mulch film fragments in the soil layer, and the mulch film fragments in the soil are mainly recovered by adopting a rotary tillage roller-binding mode in the current stage, so that the recovery difficulty is high. The lack of a plowing layer residual film recycling machine in the market is mainly caused by the poor film forming effect of the residual film recycling machine, the design agricultural machinery cannot be optimally designed, the use requirement cannot be met, and the residual film recycling rate after operation is reduced. The matching relation between the operation speed of the residual film recycling machine and the rotating shaft of the film lifting device cannot be established, and the residual film recycling machine with excellent performance needs to be optimally designed. The existing cultivation layer residual film recycling machine is high in detection difficulty in optimal design, low in design accuracy, difficult to accurately measure design parameters, and inconvenient to use due to the fact that a measured system device is too complex. Parameters such as the length of the film lifting cutter teeth and the arrangement density are the most critical design parameters of the plowing layer residual film recycling machine, and the parameters such as the length of the cutter teeth and the arrangement density have close influence on the operation speed, the tension and the torque of the film lifting cutter teeth of the sampler, and directly influence the residual film recycling rate. The design accuracy of the plastic film residue recycling machine has a great influence on the operation performance of the plastic film residue recycling machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a design optimization method and a test measurement device for parameters such as the length of a film lifting cutter tooth, the arrangement density and the like, which are specially designed for a residual film recycling machine and a rotary tillage operation agricultural implement product. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing plowing layer residual film recycling machine and rotary tillage operation agricultural implement are large in detection difficulty, low in design precision, difficult to accurately acquire design parameters and the like in the optimal design. The method can be used for designing the parameters such as the length of the film lifting cutter teeth and the arrangement density of the residual film recycling machine and referring to an agricultural machinery test device.
The invention provides a film lifting parameter design optimization device of a rotary tillage residual film recycling machine, which comprises the following components:
the tension sensor (1) is connected with the frame of the film lifting parameter design optimizing device and is used for being connected with traction power;
a data receiver (2) fixed to the frame;
a motor (3) fixed to the frame;
a torque sensor (4) installed between the transmission shafts (7);
the rotary tillage blade (5) is arranged on the transmission shaft (7);
an adjustable travelling wheel (6) fixed at the lower part of the frame;
wherein, motor (3) are used for driving transmission shaft (7), and motor (3) are connected with transmission shaft (7), and adjustable walking wheel (6) can reciprocate in order to select the depth of entering soil of rotary tillage blade (5), and transmission shaft (7) are connected with rotary tillage blade (5) in order to drive rotary tillage blade (5), and the data line of tension sensor (1), the data line of torque sensor (4) inserts sensor's data receiver (2) respectively, and data receiver (2) are connected with the computer.
The invention also provides a film lifting parameter design optimization method of the rotary tillage residual film recycling machine, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: connection and signal access of the film forming parameter design optimizing device;
step 2: calculating and analyzing sensor data, amplifying sensor signals and performing analog-to-digital conversion on the data;
judging whether a sensor signal is accessed by a data receiver (2), accessing the sensor data into a signal amplifying circuit and performing analog-digital conversion;
step 3: the method comprises the steps of calculating and analyzing tension value data and torque data, wherein the calculation of the tension value is calculated by a formula (1), the calculation of the torque is calculated by a formula (2), and a formula (3) is used for designing parameters of rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density during test setting;
wherein the tensile force value F adopted in the test L Calculated according to the following mathematical relationship:
Figure BDA0002422062980000021
in the formula (1), M is the mass of the whole film forming device, and the unit is kg; w is the proportional coefficient of the length and the arrangement density of the rotary tillage cutter teeth; delta is the working depth in mm; k is a sliding friction adjustment coefficient of the travelling wheel and is related to soil environment parameters; obtaining a w value by a tensile test through a formula (1); the film lifting parameter design optimizing device performs a tensile test by setting different rotary tillage cutter tooth lengths and arrangement densities, and the test obtains a w value corresponding to the optimal tensile force;
according to the test result of the torsion system, the relation between the design length parameter L of the rotary tillage blade and the contact stress of the torque sensor and the torsion T of the rotary tillage transmission shaft is calculated according to the following model:
Figure BDA0002422062980000031
in the formula (2) of the present invention,
Figure BDA0002422062980000032
the soil-entering angle and radian of the rotary tillage blade are; τ is torque sensor contact stress in kPa; l is the design length of the rotary tillage blade, and the unit is mm; obtaining an L value from a torque test through a formula (2); performing a torque test by a film lifting parameter design optimization device to obtain an L value corresponding to the optimal torque;
step 4: analyzing the torque force, the tension force value and the like of a test bed according to calculation formulas (1) and (2) by utilizing the tension force and torque data, so as to perform a rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density relation test, and fitting the minimum tension force and the optimal torque force through test data to obtain a rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density relation model;
firstly, analyzing and obtaining initial values of rotary tillage blade design length parameters L, rotary tillage blade tooth length and arrangement density proportion coefficient w corresponding to torsion and tension values of a test bed according to calculation formulas (1) and (2) by using tension and torque data;
then carrying out soil slot tests according to different rotary tillage cutter tooth lengths and arrangement densities, carrying out a residual film recycling machine recycling test, and selecting a corresponding value with the best recycling rate as a final value; and (3) fitting data according to the numerical value, wherein the relation between the length of the rotary tillage cutter teeth and the arrangement density is calculated according to the following formula:
L=0.88113x+66.27w (3)
in the formula (3), x is the number of arranged cutter teeth, and the unit is one;
the number x of aligned cutter teeth can be obtained.
In the above method, further comprising:
step 5: signal transmission and display;
the sensor signal is transmitted to the data receiver through a circuit, the data receiver is formed by designing an MSP430 single chip microcomputer system, the signal receiving, the signal conversion and the calculation processing are realized through programming, the calculation of the tension value is calculated by a formula (1), the calculation of the torsion is calculated by a formula (3), the formula (2) is used for optimizing design parameters of the length and the arrangement density of rotary tillage cutter teeth, and the numerical value of the design parameters is displayed through a display terminal.
The device and the method provided by the invention can be used for optimizing parameters such as the length, the arrangement density and the like of the film lifting cutter teeth, can accurately determine required design parameters, have higher design precision, and are beneficial to improving the residual film recovery rate of the film lifting machine. The method can be used for designing the parameters such as the length of the film lifting cutter teeth and the arrangement density of the residual film recycling machine and referring to an agricultural machinery test device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a test system for blade length and arrangement density parameters of a tiller layer residual film recycling machine of the present invention, wherein 1. A tension sensor; 2. a data receiver; 3. a rotary tillage motor; 4. a torque sensor; 5. a rotary tillage blade; 6. the travelling wheel can be adjusted; 7. and a transmission shaft.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the alignment of the rotary shaft and cutter teeth of the plowing layer residual film recycling machine of the present invention.
Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the rotary tillage blade of the present invention, 8. Blade mount 9. Blade 10. Blade.
Detailed Description
The following examples will enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the same in any way.
As shown in figure 1, a film lifting parameter measuring device of a rotary tillage residual film recycling machine is provided. The appropriate traction power is selected to be connected with the tension sensor 1, the torque sensor 4 is arranged between the transmission shafts 7, the motor 3 is used for driving the transmission shafts 7, the motor 3 and the transmission shafts 7 can be connected through hinges or belts, and the motor 3 can be fixed on a frame. The adjustable travelling wheel 6 is fixed to the frame and is movable up and down to select the depth of contact of the rotary tillage blade 5 with the soil, i.e. the depth of penetration. A transmission shaft 7 is connected with the rotary tillage blade 5 to drive the rotary tillage blade 5. The data lines of the tension sensor 1 and the data lines of the torque sensor 4 are respectively connected to the data receiver 2 of the sensor, and the data receiver 2 is connected with a computer and fixed on a frame.
During testing, the torque force of the transmission shaft, which is applied to the device conditions of different soil depths, can be tested, the conditions of different soil depths and the working parameters and design parameters of different rotary tillage blade sizes can be obtained, and therefore the optimal design of the agricultural machinery is realized. The test adopts a software recording form to automatically record the measurement data. Wherein the test uses a tensile force value F L And (3) automatically calculating and displaying the result according to the mathematical relation (1), wherein the result can reflect the resistance condition of the machine tool under the current working condition. The rotary tillage blade design data under the corresponding operation conditions can also be obtained by calculating the relation function Y of the length and the arrangement density of the rotary tillage blade teeth.
The invention adopts a cultivation layer residual film rotary tillage blade type film lifting device, and constructs an algorithm model through a torque and tension test method, so as to obtain design parameters such as a film lifting rotary tillage blade arrangement mode, length, rotation speed and the like, and further obtain optimization parameters required by a design machine, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for optimizing the design of the film lifting parameters of a rotary tillage residual film recovery machine mainly comprises the steps of measuring tension data, transmission shaft torque data and the like of a film lifting device on the basis of adjusting various working parameters such as soil penetration depth, soil condition and the like, and analyzing and obtaining the optimal data such as the optimal specific resistance, the optimal rotary tillage blade length, the optimal rotary tillage blade rotation speed, the optimal arrangement mode and the like of a machine tool through a calculation model, so that the rotary tillage agricultural machine tool can be designed to work better.
The parameter design optimization method mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1, connecting a film lifting device of a rotary tillage residual film recycling machine and accessing signals;
further, a proper traction power is selected to be connected with the tension sensor 1, the torque sensor 4 is arranged between the transmission shafts 7, and the up-and-down movement of the adjustable travelling wheels 6 is controlled to select the contact depth between the rotary tillage blades 5 and the soil, namely the soil penetration depth. The data lines of the tension sensor 1 and the data lines of the torque sensor 4 are respectively connected to the data receiver 2 of the sensor, and the data receiver 2 is connected with a computer.
Step 2, calculating and analyzing sensor data, amplifying sensor signals and converting data into analog-digital signals;
further, the data receiver 2 judges whether the sensor signal is connected, connects the sensor data to the signal amplifying circuit and performs analog-to-digital conversion.
And 3, calculating and analyzing the tension value data and the torque data, wherein the calculation of the tension value is calculated by a formula (1), and the calculation of the torque is calculated by a formula (2). The formula (3) is used for designing parameters of the length and the arrangement density of rotary tillage cutter teeth in test setting;
further, the tensile force value F adopted for the test L Calculated according to the following mathematical relationship:
Figure BDA0002422062980000051
in the formula (1), M is the mass of the whole film forming device, and the unit is kg; w is the proportional coefficient of the length and the arrangement density of the rotary tillage cutter teeth; delta is the working depth in mm; k is the sliding friction adjustment coefficient of the travelling wheel and is related to the soil environment parameter, wherein the sandy loam takes 1.1. The w value can be obtained by a tensile test by the formula (1). Through setting up different rotary tillage sword tooth length and range density, play membrane parameter design optimizing device carries out tensile test, tests and obtains the w value that the optimal pulling force corresponds.
According to the test result of the torsion system, the relation between the design length parameter L of the rotary tillage blade and the contact stress of the torque sensor and the torsion T of the rotary tillage transmission shaft is calculated according to the following model:
Figure BDA0002422062980000061
in the formula (2) of the present invention,
Figure BDA0002422062980000062
the soil-entering angle and radian of the rotary tillage blade are; τ is torque sensor contact stress in kPa; l is the design length of the rotary tillage blade, and the unit is mm. The L value can be obtained from the torque test by the formula (2). And carrying out a torque test by a testing device to obtain an L value corresponding to the optimal torque.
And 4, analyzing the torsion, the tension value and the like of the test bed according to the calculation models (1) and (2) by utilizing the tension and torque data, so as to perform a rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density relation test, and fitting the minimum tension and the optimal torque through the test data to obtain a rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density relation model.
Further, firstly, analyzing and obtaining initial values of rotary tillage blade design length parameters L, rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density proportion coefficient w corresponding to torsion and tension values of a test bed according to calculation formulas (1) and (2) by using tension and torque data;
then, soil slot tests are carried out according to different rotary tillage cutter tooth lengths and arrangement densities, a residual film recycling machine recycling test is carried out, and the corresponding value with the best recycling rate is selected as a final value. When the data is fitted by the numerical value, the relation between the length of the rotary tillage cutter teeth and the arrangement density can be calculated according to the following formula:
L=0.88113x+66.27w (3)
in the formula (3), x is the number of aligned cutter teeth, and the unit is one.
The number x of aligned cutter teeth can be obtained.
And 5, signal transmission and display.
The sensor signal is transmitted to a data receiver through a circuit, the data receiver is formed by designing an MSP430 single chip microcomputer system, the signal receiving, the signal conversion and the calculation processing are realized by programming, wherein the calculation of the tension value is calculated by a formula (1), and the calculation of the torsion is calculated by a formula (3). The formula (2) is used for optimizing design parameters of the length and the arrangement density of the rotary tillage cutter teeth. This value may be displayed by the display terminal.
Specific examples are described below to provide a better understanding of the present invention.
The film lifting parameter measuring device of the rotary tillage residual film recycling machine is shown in figure 1. And selecting proper traction power to be connected with the tension sensor 1, arranging the torque sensor 4 between the transmission shafts 7, and controlling the up-and-down movement of the adjustable travelling wheels 6 to select the contact depth between the rotary tillage blades 5 and soil, namely the soil penetration depth. The data lines of the tension sensor 1 and the data lines of the torque sensor 4 are respectively connected to the data receiver 2 of the sensor, and the data receiver 2 is connected with a computer. During testing, the torque force of the transmission shaft, which is applied to the device conditions of different soil depths, can be tested, the conditions of different soil depths and the working parameters and design parameters of different rotary tillage blade sizes can be obtained, and therefore the optimal design of the agricultural machinery is realized. The test adopts a software recording form to automatically record the measurement data. The tensile force value FL adopted in the test is automatically calculated and displayed according to the mathematical relation (1), and the result can reflect the resistance condition of the machine tool under the current working condition. The rotary tillage blade design data under the corresponding operation conditions can also be obtained by calculating the relation function Y of the length and the arrangement density of the rotary tillage blade teeth.
The specific design optimization method comprises the following steps:
step 1, connecting and signal access of a film lifting device of a rotary tillage residual film recycling machine. The wiring is performed in the manner shown in fig. 1.
Step 2, calculating and analyzing sensor data, amplifying sensor signals and converting data into analog-digital signals; the step is realized by programming a singlechip program according to the experimental relational expression.
And 3, calculating and analyzing the tension value data and the torque data, wherein the calculation of the tension value is calculated by a formula (1), and the calculation of the torque is calculated by a formula (2).
Specifically, the tensile force value F used for the test L (N) is calculated according to the following mathematical relationship:
Figure BDA0002422062980000071
in the formula (1), M is a film lifting device test device, and the total amount of the M is 900kg; w is the proportional coefficient of the length and the arrangement density of the rotary tillage cutter teeth; delta is the working depth, which is set to 20mm, K is the sliding friction adjustment coefficient of the travelling wheel, and is related to the soil environment parameter, wherein the test is sandy loam, and 0.86 is taken. The w value can be obtained by a tensile test by the formula (1). And carrying out a tension test by a testing device to obtain a w value corresponding to the optimal tension. The test results are shown in Table 1, and Table 1 shows the test results of the ratio coefficient of the length and the arrangement density of rotary tillage cutter teeth
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002422062980000072
Figure BDA0002422062980000081
According to the test result, when the tensile force value is 980N, the sample machine operation resistance when the length of the rotary tillage cutter teeth and the arrangement density are set is minimum, and at this time, the ratio coefficient w=1.91 of the length of the rotary tillage cutter teeth and the arrangement density.
Then, according to the test result of the torsion system, the relation among the design length parameter L of the rotary tillage blade, the contact stress of the torque sensor and the torsion T of the rotary tillage transmission shaft is calculated according to the following model:
Figure BDA0002422062980000082
in the formula (2) of the present invention,
Figure BDA0002422062980000083
the soil-entering angle and radian of the rotary tillage blade are 65 degrees; tau is the contact stress of the torque sensor and can be read out through digital display, and the unit is kPa; l is the design length of the rotary tillage blade, and the unit is mm. The L value can be obtained from the torque test by the formula (2). Setting upAnd (3) carrying out torque tests through the testing device at different rotating speeds, wherein the soil penetration depth is still 20mm, and obtaining an L value corresponding to the optimal torque through the tests. The above test was repeated to obtain test results shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Sequence number Torque value (N.m) L, cutter tooth length (mm)
1 284 149
2 236 142
3 356 155
4 387 161
And 4, analyzing the torsion, the tension value and the like of the test bed according to the calculation models (1) and (2) by utilizing the tension and torque data, so as to perform a rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density relation test, and fitting the minimum tension and the optimal torque through the test data to obtain a rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density relation model.
Specifically, firstly, according to the calculation models (1) and (2), analyzing and obtaining rotary tillage blade design length parameters L=142 mm and initial value=1.91 of rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density proportionality coefficient w corresponding to torsion and tension values of a test bed;
then, soil slot tests are carried out according to different rotary tillage cutter tooth lengths and arrangement densities, a residual film recycling machine recycling test is carried out, and the corresponding value with the best recycling rate is selected as a final value. Data fitting was performed at this value, calculated from equation (3), x=17.5. Therefore, the most accurate design length parameters and arrangement density tooth numbers of the rotary tillage blade can be completely solved.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are exemplary embodiments only and that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims (2)

1. The film lifting parameter design optimization method of the rotary tillage residual film recycling machine is characterized by comprising an optimization device, wherein the optimization device comprises the following steps of:
the tension sensor (1) is connected with the frame of the film lifting parameter design optimizing device and is used for being connected with traction power;
a data receiver (2) fixed to the frame;
a motor (3) fixed to the frame;
a torque sensor (4) installed between the transmission shafts (7);
the rotary tillage blade (5) is arranged on the transmission shaft (7);
an adjustable travelling wheel (6) fixed at the lower part of the frame;
the motor (3) is used for driving the transmission shaft (7), the motor (3) is connected with the transmission shaft (7), the travelling wheel (6) can be adjusted to move up and down to select the soil penetration depth of the rotary tillage blade (5), the transmission shaft (7) is connected with the rotary tillage blade (5) to drive the rotary tillage blade (5), the data wire of the tension sensor (1) and the data wire of the torque sensor (4) are respectively connected with the data receiver (2) of the sensor, and the data receiver (2) is connected with a computer;
the optimization method comprises the following steps:
step 1: connection and signal access of the film forming parameter design optimizing device;
step 2: calculating and analyzing sensor data, amplifying sensor signals and performing analog-to-digital conversion on the data;
judging whether a sensor signal is accessed by a data receiver (2), accessing the sensor data into a signal amplifying circuit and performing analog-digital conversion;
step 3: the method comprises the steps of calculating and analyzing tension value data and torque data, wherein the calculation of the tension value is calculated by a formula (1), the calculation of the torque is calculated by a formula (2), and a formula (3) is used for designing parameters of rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density during test setting;
wherein the tensile force value F adopted in the test L Calculated according to the following mathematical relationship:
Figure FDA0004181638440000011
in the formula (1), M is the mass of the whole film forming device, and the unit is kg; w is the proportional coefficient of the length and the arrangement density of the rotary tillage cutter teeth; delta is the working depth in mm; k is a sliding friction adjustment coefficient of the travelling wheel and is related to soil environment parameters; obtaining a w value by a tensile test through a formula (1); the film lifting parameter design optimizing device performs a tensile test by setting different rotary tillage cutter tooth lengths and arrangement densities, and the test obtains a w value corresponding to the optimal tensile force;
according to the test result of the torsion system, the relation between the design length parameter L of the rotary tillage blade and the contact stress of the torque sensor and the torsion T of the rotary tillage transmission shaft is calculated according to the following model:
Figure FDA0004181638440000021
in the formula (2) of the present invention,
Figure FDA0004181638440000022
the soil-entering angle and radian of the rotary tillage blade are; τ is torque sensor contact stress in kPa; l is the design length of the rotary tillage blade, and the unit is mm; obtaining an L value from a torque test through a formula (2); performing a torque test by a film lifting parameter design optimization device to obtain an L value corresponding to the optimal torque;
step 4: analyzing and obtaining torsion and tension values of a test bed according to calculation formulas (1) and (2) by utilizing tension and torque data, carrying out a rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density relation test according to the torsion and tension values, and obtaining a rotary tillage cutter tooth length and arrangement density relation model through fitting test data by using minimum tension and optimal torque force;
firstly, analyzing and obtaining initial values of rotary tillage blade design length parameters L, rotary tillage blade tooth length and arrangement density proportion coefficient w corresponding to torsion and tension values of a test bed according to calculation formulas (1) and (2) by using tension and torque data;
then carrying out soil slot tests according to different rotary tillage cutter tooth lengths and arrangement densities, carrying out a residual film recycling machine recycling test, and selecting a corresponding value with the best recycling rate as a final value; and (3) fitting data according to the numerical value, wherein the relation between the length of the rotary tillage cutter teeth and the arrangement density is calculated according to the following formula:
L=0.88113x+66.27w (3)
in the formula (3), x is the number of arranged cutter teeth, and the unit is one;
the number x of aligned cutter teeth can be obtained.
2. The optimization method for the film starting parameter design of the rotary tillage residual film recycling machine according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following steps:
step 5: signal transmission and display;
the sensor signal is transmitted to the data receiver through a circuit, the data receiver is formed by designing an MSP430 single chip microcomputer system, the signal receiving, the signal conversion and the calculation processing are realized through programming, the calculation of the tension value is calculated by a formula (1), the calculation of the torsion is calculated by a formula (3), the formula (2) is used for optimizing design parameters of the length and the arrangement density of rotary tillage cutter teeth, and the numerical value of the design parameters is displayed through a display terminal.
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