CN111396931A - Low-nitrogen combustor and low-nitrogen combustion furnace - Google Patents

Low-nitrogen combustor and low-nitrogen combustion furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111396931A
CN111396931A CN202010320868.5A CN202010320868A CN111396931A CN 111396931 A CN111396931 A CN 111396931A CN 202010320868 A CN202010320868 A CN 202010320868A CN 111396931 A CN111396931 A CN 111396931A
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China
Prior art keywords
low
nitrogen
air distribution
air
combustion
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CN202010320868.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宋华
李希勇
张海燕
白文凯
刘忠攀
巩运迎
杨晓辉
白浩隆
冯强
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Yankuang Technology Co ltd
Yankuang Group Corp Ltd
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Yankuang Technology Co ltd
Yankuang Group Corp Ltd
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Priority to CN202010320868.5A priority Critical patent/CN111396931A/en
Publication of CN111396931A publication Critical patent/CN111396931A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
    • F24B1/197—Hearths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/191—Component parts; Accessories
    • F24B1/1915—Means for removing ash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00—Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/04—Arrangements for feeding solid fuel, e.g. hoppers 

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-nitrogen combustor and a low-nitrogen combustion furnace, and belongs to the technical field of combustion equipment. The low-nitrogen combustor comprises an air distribution plate, a coal-fired channel and an air distribution channel, the coal-fired channel is arranged obliquely upwards, the air distribution plate is arranged between the coal-fired channel and the air distribution channel, one end of the coal-fired channel is a fuel supply port, the other end of the coal-fired channel is an ash residue discharge port, the coal-fired channel is divided into a pyrolysis zone, a red carbon zone, a combustion zone and a burnout zone from the fuel supply port to the ash residue discharge port in sequence, and the air distribution through hole is formed in the area of the air distribution plate corresponding to the red carbon zone, the combustion zone and. The low-nitrogen combustor effectively reduces smoke dust and NO through air distribution and fuel grading controlxAnd CO emission, and high combustion efficiency. Low-nitrogen combustion furnace adopting low-nitrogen combustorThe heating and cooking device is suitable for heating and cooking and is more environment-friendly; and because the secondary induced air assembly is arranged below the low-nitrogen combustor, the convection heat exchange effect is improved.

Description

Low-nitrogen combustor and low-nitrogen combustion furnace
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combustion equipment, in particular to a low-nitrogen combustor and a low-nitrogen combustion furnace.
Background
In recent years, as a bottom-in-pocket clean heating scheme other than "gas-by-coal" and "electricity-by-coal", an automatic oven has been rapidly developed in the field of clean heating for civilian use.
At present, the traditional civil automatic furnace in the market has three types of upper feeding, horizontal feeding and lower feeding. The three types of civil automatic stoves have poor fuel applicability, can only use biomass or semi-coke and anthracite singly, and cannot use bituminous coal and high-ash content (more than 10 percent) fuel, so that the fuel cost is increased; NOxAnd the emission amount of CO is high, and the national pollutant emission standard cannot be met; compare with traditional cooking hot-water heating stove, shortcomings such as cooking ability deviation can't satisfy high cooking user demand. In addition, the flue gas in traditional civilian automatic stove rises to the cooking mouth from the combustor, and the back of contacting at the bottom of the kitchen range, the flue gas is direct to get into the heat-transfer surface from the heat-transfer surface air inlet that is located bottom of the kitchen range one side, leads to the flue gas flow field to distribute inhomogeneous, and the convection heat transfer area is little, and then causes the cooking firepower to reduce.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to provide a method for reducing NOxAnd CO emissionsThe low-nitrogen burner and the low-nitrogen combustion furnace for cooking and heating solve the technical problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a low-nitrogen burner which can achieve the purpose of low smoke emission and stable combustion, and effectively reduce NOxAnd CO emission, and high combustion efficiency.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a low nitrogen combustion furnace which is suitable for both heating and cooking and which is effective in reducing NOxAnd CO emission, and high combustion efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a low-nitrogen combustor, includes air distribution plate, coal-fired passageway and air distribution passageway, coal-fired passageway sets up to one side, air distribution plate set up in coal-fired passageway with between the air distribution passageway, coal-fired passageway one end is the fuel supply mouth, and the other end is the lime-ash discharge port, coal-fired passageway by the fuel supply mouth extremely the lime-ash discharge port divide into pyrolysis zone, red charcoal district, combustion area and burn out the district in proper order, air distribution plate corresponds red charcoal district the combustion area with the regional air distribution through-hole that has all seted up in burn out the district.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-nitrogen burner, the shape of the air distribution plate is S-shaped.
As an optimal technical scheme of the low-nitrogen combustor, the number of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the burnout zone is smaller than that of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the red carbon zone, and the number of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the red carbon zone is smaller than that of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the combustion zone.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-nitrogen burner, the cross-sectional area of the pyrolysis zone perpendicular to the feeding direction is gradually reduced from the middle to two ends.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-nitrogen burner, the center of the air distribution through hole is positioned on a normal line of the air distribution plate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention further provides a low-nitrogen combustion furnace, which comprises a furnace chamber, a feeding assembly, a cooking table top, a heat exchange surface, a secondary air inducing assembly and the low-nitrogen burner as described above, wherein the cooking table top is hermetically connected to the top of the furnace chamber, a cooking opening is arranged on the cooking table top, the low-nitrogen burner is arranged in the furnace chamber and located below the cooking opening, the feeding assembly is connected with the fuel supply opening and the air distribution channel of the low-nitrogen burner, an air inlet of the heat exchange surface is communicated with the furnace chamber, an air outlet of the heat exchange surface is communicated with the secondary air inducing assembly, and the secondary air inducing assembly is arranged below the low-nitrogen burner and is used for forming negative pressure at the air inlet to guide high-temperature flue gas in the furnace chamber into the heat exchange surface for heat exchange.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-nitrogen combustion furnace, the secondary induced air assembly comprises an induced draft fan, and an air outlet of the heat exchange surface is communicated with an air suction port of the induced draft fan.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-nitrogen combustion furnace, the secondary induced air assembly further comprises a negative pressure box, an air inlet of the negative pressure box is communicated with an air outlet of the heat exchange surface, an air outlet of the negative pressure box is communicated with an air suction port of the induced draft fan, and the negative pressure box is used for buffering and collecting the high-temperature flue gas to reduce air flow disturbance inside the induced draft fan.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-nitrogen combustion furnace, the feeding assembly comprises a bin, a feeding device and a primary air inducing port which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, an outlet of the feeding device is connected with the fuel supply port, and the primary air inducing port is connected with the air distribution channel.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-nitrogen combustion furnace, the low-nitrogen combustion furnace further comprises an ash removal assembly, the ash removal assembly comprises an ash bucket and a slag trap, the ash bucket is arranged in the hearth and located below the low-nitrogen combustor, the slag trap is arranged between the low-nitrogen combustor and the ash bucket, and the slag trap is used for guiding ash falling from the low-nitrogen combustor into the ash bucket.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a low-nitrogen combustor, which comprises an air distribution plate, a coal-fired channel and an air distribution channel, wherein the coal-fired channel is arranged obliquely upwards, the air distribution plate is arranged between the coal-fired channel and the air distribution channel, the air distribution plate is provided with air distribution through holes corresponding to a red carbon zone, a combustion zone and an burnout zone, fuel sequentially passes through a pyrolysis zone, the red carbon zone, the combustion zone and the burnout zone from bottom to top along the obliquely upwards arranged coal-fired channel, and finally the burnout ash is discharged from an ash discharge port, so that the staged combustion of the fuel is realized, and the combustion efficiency is high; NO in the Red carbon regionxIs reduced to harmless N in red charcoal layer2Further decrease NOxDischarge capacity; the turbulent combustion of CO in the combustion zone reduces the discharge amount of CO; the fuel in the red carbon area forms a porous and developed structure through the pyrolysis process, and the particulate matters generated by the anoxic dry distillation pyrolysis in the pyrolysis area are trapped, so that the smoke emission is reduced.
The invention also provides a low-nitrogen combustion furnace, wherein the low-nitrogen burner is arranged in the furnace chamber and is positioned below the cooking port, and the secondary air inducing assembly is arranged below the low-nitrogen burner, so that high-temperature flue gas can flow from top to bottom, the contact time of the high-temperature flue gas and cookware at the cooking port is prolonged, the flow field distribution is more uniform, the convection time and the convection area are improved, and the cooking efficiency is higher. The low-nitrogen combustion furnace is suitable for heating and cooking as well as is suitable for heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas; the use of the low-nitrogen burner enables the low-nitrogen burner to effectively reduce NOxAnd CO discharge amount, and high combustion efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-nitrogen combustor provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side view of a low nitrogen combustion furnace according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a low nitrogen combustion furnace according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange surface in a low-nitrogen combustion furnace according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another arrangement of heat exchange surfaces in a low-nitrogen combustion furnace according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows NO of a low-nitrogen burner according to a second embodiment of the present inventionxA graph of emissions versus time;
FIG. 7 is a graph of CO emissions over time for a low nitrogen furnace according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the oxygen content in the low-nitrogen burner according to the second embodiment of the present invention2A graph of emissions versus time;
FIG. 9 is a right side view of a low-NOx burner provided in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows NO of a low-nitrogen burner according to a third embodiment of the present inventionxA graph of emissions versus time;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the variation of CO emission with time of a low-nitrogen burner according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 shows a low-nitrogen combustion furnace O according to a third embodiment of the present invention2Discharge amount versus time.
1. A wind distribution plate; 2. a coal burning passage; 21. a pyrolysis zone; 22. a red carbon zone; 23. a combustion zone; 24. a burnout zone; 3. a wind distribution channel; 31. an access hole;
100. a hearth; 200. a feed assembly; 2001. a storage bin; 2002. a feeding device; 2003. a primary air inducing port; 300. a cooking table-board; 400. a soot cleaning assembly; 4001. an ash hopper; 4002. a slag trap; 4003. a dust removal door; 4004. a deashing baffle; 500. a heat exchange surface; 600. a low-nitrogen burner; 700. a secondary air inducing assembly; 7001. an induced draft fan; 7002. a negative pressure tank; 800. an observation window; 900. a feed channel; 1000. a base.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a low-nitrogen burner, which includes an air distribution plate 1, a coal burning channel 2 and an air distribution channel 3, wherein the coal burning channel 2 is disposed obliquely upward, the air distribution plate 1 is disposed between the coal burning channel 2 and the air distribution channel 3, one end of the coal burning channel 2 is a fuel supply port, the other end of the coal burning channel is an ash residue discharge port, the coal burning channel 2 is sequentially divided into a pyrolysis zone 21, a red charcoal zone 22, a combustion zone 23 and a burnout zone 24 from the fuel supply port to the ash residue discharge port, and the air distribution through holes are disposed in the areas of the air distribution plate 1 corresponding to the red charcoal zone 22, the combustion zone 23 and the burnout zone 24.
The low-nitrogen burner forms' dry distillation and pyrolysis of fuel → NO by air distribution and fuel grading controlxReduction of red charcoal → CO turbulent combustion → combustion of red charcoal burnt out to ash ". Specifically, the fuel is subjected to dry distillation pyrolysis in the pyrolysis zone 21 by the transfer and heating of the heat released by the red charcoal zone 22, and tar, volatile matters and red charcoal are produced; when the tar, the volatile components and the red carbon pass through the red carbon zone 22, the tar is cracked for the second time, only a small amount of air is introduced into the red carbon zone 22 to form an oxygen-deficient reductive combustion environment, so that HCN and NH are further enabled to be generated3、H2The equal reducing volatile gas and the red carbon react with NO in a small amount of oxygen environment to generate harmless N2Reduce NOxThe discharge amount of (c); when the red carbon and the unreacted volatile matter enter the combustion area 23, the red carbon and the unreacted volatile matter are mixed with the air flowing out of the air distribution through holes, so that the tar, the volatile matter and the red carbon are contacted with the air and are combusted in an oxygen-enriched state; the smoke generated after the contact combustion of the tar, the volatile components and the red carbon with the air enters the burnout zone 24, is mixed with the air rich in the burnout zone 24 and is burnt out in a contact manner, and the ash is discharged from an ash discharge port. Combustible materials, Volatile component gases and the like discharged from the red carbon zone 22 enter the combustion zone 23 to be mixed with coke/red carbon and air in the combustion zone 23 for combustion, combustible materials such as carbon black, CO, VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) and the like are burnt out, and the emission of smoke dust and CO is reduced. The combustion is only carried out in the combustion area 23, the combustion intensity can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the air supply quantity and the feeding speed of the air distribution channel 3, and stable and flexible heat supply is realized. As the fuel in the red carbon zone 22 forms a porous developed structure through the pyrolysis process, the particles generated by the anoxic dry distillation pyrolysis in the pyrolysis zone 21 are trapped, and the smoke emission is reduced. When fuel is continuously fed from the fuel supply port, ash is arched out of the low-nitrogen combustor from the ash discharge port, and the function of automatically discharging slag and cleaning coke is realized. Preferably, SO can be reduced by adding a composite sulfur-fixing additive to the fuel2And (4) discharging.
The embodiment providesThe nitrogen reduction mechanism of the nitrogen burner is as follows: after the fuel is fed, the fuel is first preheated and heated by the heat transferred from the red carbon region 22, and is gradually dry distilled and pyrolyzed in the oxygen-deficient environment of the pyrolysis region 21, so that the fuel nitrogen generates volatile nitrogen and red carbon nitrogen (semicoke nitrogen and coke nitrogen). Volatile nitrogen is mainly produced in the following three forms: one is HCN and NH directly released in the initial stage of pyrolysis3About 6% to 8% of fuel nitrogen; secondly, most of the tar exists in the tar in an aromatic structure; thirdly, when the temperature reaches above 900 ℃, the tar can be pyrolyzed for the second time to separate out HCN and NH3. The nitrogen remaining in the coke after the volatile nitrogen is precipitated is called red coke nitrogen, and is mainly present in the red coke in the form of a solid such as a salt. After the volatile nitrogen enters the red carbon region 22, HCN is reduced to N in an oxygen-deficient environment2；NH3In oxygen-poor environment, small amount of O2Promote NH3Reaction of reduced NO to form N2. In addition, CO and H in volatile components2And CmHn(hydrocarbons) and the like also can reduce NO to N catalyzed by coke2The reaction process is concretely as follows:
CO+NO→CO+1/2N2
H2+NO→H2O+1/2N2
2NO+2CnHm+(2n+1/2m-1)O2→N2+2nCO2+mH2O
or CN in the volatile component reacts with NO to generate HCN and then is reduced to N2. In summary, the catalytic action of the reducing CO gas and coke on the oxidation and reduction of fuel nitrogen in the red char zone 22 causes the red char nitrogen to precipitate NO and reduce the NO to N2。
Preferably, in this embodiment, the coal burning channel 2 is an annular channel, the air distribution plate 1 is an annular air distribution plate, the air distribution channel 3 is an annular air distribution channel, the air distribution plate 1 is connected between the coal burning channel 2 and the air distribution channel 3, the coal burning channel 2 is located above the air distribution channel 3, and the annular coal burning channel 2 and the air distribution channel 3 can increase the burning volume and simultaneously can play a role in uniformly distributing fuel.
Further preferably, of the wind distribution plate 1The shape is S-shaped. Compared with a straight air distribution plate, the S-shaped radian change accords with the flowing characteristics of fuel and ash slag, so that the fuel moves along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the S-shaped radian, the fuel combustion route is prolonged, the fuel is influenced by dead weight and radian in the climbing process, the propelling speed and the flowing direction change in real time, and the situation that the fuel is gushed out from an ash slag discharge port of a low-nitrogen combustor due to over-high and uneven feeding to cause black smoke and NO emission is avoidedxThe emission amount is increased, and the like. In addition, the radian of the S-shaped air distribution plate is adjusted in a segmented mode, and segmented control over the volume of the fuel can be achieved. According to the difference of fuel kind and shape, adjust and then control pyrolysis zone 21, red charcoal district 22, the volume ratio of combustion area 23 through the radian to each section of S type air distribution plate, guarantee on the one hand that the precipitation amount of pyrolysis zone 21 volatile nitrogen and red charcoal nitrogen, on the other hand guarantees that red charcoal district 22 volume satisfies fuel nitrogen reduction reaction' S demand to guarantee NOxContact volume of reduction reaction to make NOxCan be completely reduced to harmless N2And the heat load of the combustion zone 23 can meet the heat supply requirement and stably maintain the temperature of the red carbon layer, so that the reduction reaction of the red carbon zone 22 is ensured to be carried out, and finally CO and NO are realizedxLow emission.
The low-nitrogen combustor with the S-shaped air distribution plate is suitable for the fuel which comprises one or more of granular, briquetting and rodlike fuels consisting of bituminous coal, biomass, semi-coke, anthracite and the like, and has good applicability to the composite clean fuel with the nitrogen content of 0-1.4 percent, the volatile component of 0-36 percent and the ash content of 0-30 percent; when the bituminous coal-based composite clean fuel with high nitrogen and high volatile content is combusted, the effects of emission reduction and nitrogen reduction are more remarkable, the low-emission and stable combustion of smoke dust of composite clean fuels of different types and different shapes is realized, the nitrogen reduction effect is good, the concentration is low, and bottom slag is fully combusted.
Specifically, the low-nitrogen burner respectively meets the size requirements of fuels with different shapes as follows: the diameter of the cylinder, capsule shape and ellipsoid is 3mm-12mm, the length is 5mm-100mm, wherein, the length is preferably 5mm-40 mm; the spherical diameter is 3mm-12 mm; the disc type has a thickness of 3mm-12mm, a width of 3mm-12mm and a length of 5mm-100mm, wherein the length is preferably 5mm-40 mm.
The working conditions of each zone in the actual operation process of the low-nitrogen burner are that the oxygen content in the pyrolysis zone 21 is 0-6 percent, and the temperature is 200-900 ℃; the red carbon region 22 is in oxygen-less environment, the oxygen content is less than 10%, the temperature is less than 1100 ℃, and the area heat load of the red carbon region 22 is less than 60KW/m2Volume heat load < 0.9MW/m3The contact combustion time of volatile components and red carbon is more than 2 s; the combustion zone 23 is in oxygen-enriched environment, the oxygen content is less than 15%, the temperature is less than 1400 ℃, and the area heat load of the combustion zone 23 is less than 70KW/m2Volume heat load < 1MW/m3The retention time of the volatile components in the combustion zone 23 is more than 2 s; the burnout zone 24 is an oxygen-enriched environment, the oxygen content is less than 15%, the temperature is less than 1000 ℃, and the retention time of volatile components in the burnout zone 24 is more than 2 s.
In order to ensure the air required by the combustion condition of the low-nitrogen combustor, preferably, the number of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the burnout zone 24 is less than that of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the red carbon zone 22, and the number of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the red carbon zone 22 is less than that of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the combustion zone 23. The air distribution through holes corresponding to different areas are adjusted in number, so that the air volume requirements of the red carbon area 22, the combustion area 23 and the burnout area 24 can be met, oxygen-enriched combustion is ensured in the combustion area 23, combustible substances such as carbon black, CO and VOCs are further ensured to be burned out, and the emission of smoke dust and CO is reduced; the amount of air entering the red carbon zone 22 is controlled to maintain the reducing environment and ensure the reduction and catalytic effect of the coke on the one hand and a small amount of O on the other hand2The reduction reaction can be promoted to be carried out and the high-temperature combustion environment of the red carbon zone 22 can be maintained; only a small amount of air is introduced into the burnout zone 24 for cooling the ash on the one hand and for fully burning the unburned volatiles in the flue gas on the other hand. The sectional adjustment of the air distribution angle and the air output of the air in the air distribution channel 3 is realized by combining the multiple sections of radians of the air distribution plate 1 and the number of the air distribution through holes, and the different combustion requirements of each area in the coal burning channel 2 are met.
Optionally, the cross sectional area of pyrolysis zone 21 perpendicular to feed direction reduces to both ends from the centre gradually for pyrolysis zone 21 forms the throat structure of "big in the middle of the little both ends", can effectively increase the transfer resistance of flue gas and heat to the refueling mouth on the one hand, prevent that the flue gas from backflowing, on the other hand has increased the pyrolysis gas velocity of flow, improve the penetrability of pyrolysis gas to red charcoal district 22, in addition, adopt the throat structure, can also increase the fuel of insufficient pyrolysis and to red charcoal district 22 moving resistance, be favorable to maintaining red charcoal district 22 and stabilize the burning.
Optionally, the center of the air distribution through hole is located on a normal line of the air distribution plate 1. The volatile gas separated out during combustion is mixed with the air exhausted from the air distribution through holes in a vertical, parallel and tangential disturbed flow manner, thereby enhancing the CO and CH4The disturbance and reburning of the combustible gas ensure CO and CH4、NH3、H2The volatile gases are fully combusted, and the stable combustion of low emission of smoke dust, low nitrogen and low CO of various fuels is realized.
Preferably, the side wall of the air distribution channel 3 is provided with an access opening 31. Coal fired passageway 2 has little particulate matter to get into air distribution passageway 3 from the air distribution through-hole in the combustion process, for guaranteeing the circulation that gas can be smooth and easy, need regularly open access hole 31 and clear up the little particulate matter of inside, in addition, can install ignition such as some firearms, ignition coil through access hole 31 to realize the auto-ignition of low-nitrogen combustor.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2-5, the present embodiment provides a low-nitrogen combustion furnace, which mainly includes a hearth 100, a feeding assembly 200, a cooking table 300, a heat exchange surface 500, a secondary air inducing assembly 700, and a low-nitrogen burner 600 provided in the first embodiment, wherein the cooking table 300 is hermetically connected to the top of the hearth 100, and a cooking opening is provided on the cooking table 300, and is used for placing and heating a pot; the low-nitrogen burner 600 is arranged in the hearth 100 and below the cooking opening and used for heating the pot; the feeding assembly 200 is connected with a fuel supply port of the low-nitrogen combustor 600 and the air distribution channel 3, and is used for supplying fuel and air to the low-nitrogen combustor 600; the air inlet of the heat exchange surface 500 is communicated with the hearth 100, the air outlet of the heat exchange surface 500 is communicated with the secondary air inducing assembly 700, and the secondary air inducing assembly 700 is arranged below the low-nitrogen combustor 600 and used for forming negative pressure at the air inlet to conduct heat exchange on high-temperature flue gas in the hearth 100 into the heat exchange surface 500.
The low-nitrogen combustor 600 is a core component of a low-nitrogen combustion furnace, is mainly used for clean combustion of fuel, and the fuel is combusted in the low-nitrogen combustor 600, so that stable combustion of low smoke and dust emission of composite clean fuels of different types and different shapes is realized, and the low-nitrogen combustor has the advantages of good nitrogen reduction effect, low CO concentration and full low slag combustion. The low-nitrogen burner 600 is positioned below the cooking opening, so that cooking flame and the cookware are changed into full-coverage contact from multi-point surface, and the convection heat exchange effect is increased. The feeding assembly 200 supplies fuel and air to the low-nitrogen combustor 600 at regular time and quantity, and can also adjust the propelling speed and the flowing direction of the fuel, so that the fuel is slowly fed from a fuel supply port, and after the processes of dry distillation pyrolysis, combustion and the like, ash and slag are discharged from an ash and slag discharge port. The setting of secondary induced air subassembly 700 is in low-nitrogen burner 600 below, and the regional negative pressure that makes the furnace 100 that is located secondary induced air subassembly 700 top is unanimous, and the flow direction of high temperature flue gas in furnace 100 is shown as the arrow in fig. 2 ~ 5, and the high temperature flue gas that low-nitrogen burner 600 produced receives the influence of the malleation that the burning produced, evenly erodes from the cooking mouth decline after the cooking mouth, finally gets into heat transfer heating of heat-transfer surface 500 through the air inlet of heat-transfer surface 500. The high temperature flue gas from top to bottom flow mode has increased the contact time of high temperature flue gas and pan, and the flow field distributes more evenly, has improved convection current time and convection current area, and cooking efficiency is higher. Verified, the cooking mode cooking firepower intensity in this embodiment reaches 2kW, reaches the high firepower cooking level of traditional hot-water heating stove. This low-nitrogen combustion furnace can be through 500 heating of heat-transfer surface, can also be through cooking mesa 300 cooking, and its cooking performance is obviously superior to traditional stove, and supporting dedicated low-nitrogen combustor 600 can solve traditional civilian heat supply stove fuel adaptability poor, NOxDifficult control, poor smoke abatement stability and the like. Proved by verification, the low-nitrogen combustion furnace burns bituminous coal with 1.4 percent of nitrogen content and NOxLess than 180mg/Nm3And actually, the nitrogen is reduced by over 60 percent.
Preferably, in other embodiments, the cooking efficiency can be further improved by shortening the distance between the low-nitrogen burner 600 and the cooking platform 300 to greatly enhance the amount of radiation heat exchange. Further preferably, the low-nitrogen burner 600 is disposed just below the cooking opening to further enhance the amount of radiant heat exchange.
Specifically, the secondary air inducing assembly 700 includes an induced draft fan 7001, and an air outlet of the heat exchange surface 500 is communicated with an air suction port of the induced draft fan 7001. The draught fan 7001 can ensure that the interior of the heat exchange surface 500 is negative pressure, so that high-temperature flue gas can smoothly flow to the outside through the heat exchange surface 500; the draught fan 7001 can also generate stable negative pressure in the hearth 100 to ensure that a negative pressure environment is formed in the low-nitrogen combustor 600, so that the air distribution through holes of the air distribution channel 3 stably suck air and participate in combustion, and the negative pressure of the hearth 100 can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the draught fan 7001, so that the combustion air quantity of the low-nitrogen combustor 600 is controlled, and the combustion intensity of the low-nitrogen combustor 600 is adjusted. Draught fan 7001's setting still can effectively prevent during the burning malleation deflagration flame projecting, leak dirt scheduling problem, improves factor of safety, avoids causing the pollution to the room environment. Preferably, in this embodiment, the whole induced draft fan 7001 adopts a mute design, so as to reduce noise, and the specific means is a mature technology in the field and is not described herein again.
Further, the secondary induced air assembly 700 further comprises a negative pressure box 7002, an air inlet of the negative pressure box 7002 is communicated with an air outlet of the heat exchange surface 500, an air outlet of the negative pressure box 7002 is communicated with an air suction port of the induced draft fan 7001, and the negative pressure box 7002 is used for buffering and collecting high-temperature flue gas so as to reduce air flow disturbance inside the induced draft fan 7001. The negative pressure box 7002 is an important part for connecting the hearth 100 with the induced draft fan 7001, and reduces the air flow disturbance inside the fan by buffering and collecting the flue gas. The inlet of the negative pressure box 7002 can be in a circular or square design and is used for matching with an air suction port of the induced draft fan 7001.
Preferably, in order to generate a uniform negative pressure inside the furnace 100, in the present embodiment, the secondary air inducing assembly 700 is disposed at the bottom of the furnace 100.
As shown in fig. 2, the feeding assembly 200 includes a bin 2001, a feeding device 2002 and a primary air inducing port 2003, which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, the bin 2001 is used for storing fuel and providing fuel for continuous combustion of the low-nitrogen burner, and an outlet of the feeding device 2002 is connected with a fuel supply port of the low-nitrogen burner 600 and is used for providing fuel for the low-nitrogen burner 600. Preferably, the total volume of the silo 2001 should be sufficient for combustion for more than 12 hours at the rated thermal power of the low-nitrogen combustion furnace, and should facilitate fuel flow and transport. The silo 2001 can be round, oval, conical, trapezoidal or square in shape and can be closely fitted to the side wall of the furnace 100. The feeding device 2002 is used for quantitatively supplying the fuel in the stock bin 2001 to the low-nitrogen burner 600, and an electric actuator is adopted, so that the continuous and stable feeding of the fuel can be ensured. The primary air inducing port 2003 is connected with the air distribution channel 3 of the low-nitrogen combustor 600, the primary air inducing port 2003 is used for providing air required by combustion for the low-nitrogen combustor 600, the shape of the primary air inducing port 2003 can be square or circular, and the size of the air inducing sectional area is set based on the requirement of meeting the air volume of the low-nitrogen combustor 600.
Specifically, a feeding channel 900 is arranged between the feeding assembly 200 and the low-nitrogen combustor 600, and the feeding channel 900 is of a double-layer sleeve type design and comprises an inner feeding channel and an outer primary air inlet channel. More specifically, one end of the feeding channel is connected to the fuel supply port, the other end is connected to the outlet of the feeding device 2002, one end of the primary air intake channel is connected to the air distribution channel 3, and the other end is connected to the primary air intake port 2003, and it should be noted that each cross-sectional area of the air distribution channel 3 perpendicular to the air intake direction is not smaller than that of the primary air intake channel perpendicular to the air intake direction, so as to ensure that the air flow in the air distribution channel 3 is uniformly distributed.
As shown in fig. 2, the feeding device 2002 and the primary air inducing port 2003 of the feeding unit 200 are disposed lower than the low-nitrogen burner 600, and the feeding passage 900 is disposed obliquely upward. The bituminous coal with 1.4% nitrogen content is combusted by a low-nitrogen combustion furnace with a feeding channel 900 arranged obliquely upwards, pollutants are tested by a German MGA6 infrared flue gas analyzer, and the data is converted into pollutant data NO under 9% dry basis oxygen contentxThe graph of the change of the emission amount with time is shown in FIG. 6, and it can be seen from FIG. 6 that NO isxThe average emission is lower than the national emission standard (150 mg/Nm)3) (ii) a The time-dependent change of CO emission is shown in FIG. 7, and NO is shown in FIG. 7xThe average emission is about 1000ppm, compared with the emission of traditional boiler bituminous coal which is 10000ppm, the emission of CO is lower, and the emission of CO is O2The graph 8 of the discharge amount with time shows that O2Average of (2)The emission is less than 15 percent and is not to CO and NOxDilution so that NO in low nitrogen burners under normal combustion conditionsxAnd CO is low.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the feeding device 2002 can be an actuator such as a screw feeder, a piston feeder, a single-wheel or double-wheel driven pusher plate, and the fuel feeding amount is controlled by starting and stopping or reciprocating once at a certain time interval.
Preferably, the feeding assembly 200 further comprises a fire return prevention design matched with the feeding device 2002, so that the reverse flow of smoke or flame can be prevented when the storage bin 2001 is empty, and the use safety of the stove is ensured. Specifically, fire protection can be achieved through an upper and lower two-stage feeding structure or a matched anti-check design.
Preferably, the material of cooking mesa 300 is stainless steel material, not only can protect low nitrogen combustion furnace surface, still makes low nitrogen combustion furnace more pleasing to the eye to stainless steel's cooking mesa 300 is wear-resisting resistant dirty, improves the life of low nitrogen combustion furnace. The cooking opening can be opened, or high silica glass is arranged on the cooking opening for transitional cooking.
Preferably, the heat exchange surface 500 is a main heat exchange component, and adopts a horizontal pipe, an inclined pipe or a vertical pipe design, and uses air or water as a heat exchange medium to collect and utilize heat in the flue gas. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, when fire tubes are employed, they may be arranged vertically; as shown in fig. 5, when water pipes and air pipes are adopted, the heat exchange area can be determined according to the high-temperature flue gas amount and the flue gas enthalpy value of the low-nitrogen combustor 600 by transversely arranging the water pipes and the air pipes in a staggered manner, and the flue gas temperature is ensured to be less than 120 ℃.
Further, as shown in fig. 2-4, the low-nitrogen combustion furnace provided in this embodiment further includes an ash removal assembly 400, where the ash removal assembly 400 mainly includes an ash hopper 4001 and a slag trap 4002, the ash hopper 4001 is disposed in the furnace 100 and located below the low-nitrogen combustor 600, the slag trap 4002 is disposed between the low-nitrogen combustor 600 and the ash hopper 4001, and the slag trap 4002 is used to introduce ash dropped from the low-nitrogen combustor 600 into the ash hopper 4001. The ash hopper 4001 is used for containing ash discharged from the low-nitrogen combustor 600, and generally can meet the ash storage capacity of 12 hours under rated thermal power, reduce the frequency of cleaning the ash, and facilitate the cleaning of the ash by users. Preferably, in this embodiment, the ash hopper 4001 is designed to be portable, such as a handle or a groove, so that it can be easily taken out by hand, has a certain thermal strength, and can endure a high temperature of about 500 ℃ for a long time. The slag trap 4002 serves as a transition member between the low-nitrogen combustor 600 and the hopper 4001, and serves to guide ash falling from the low-nitrogen combustor 600 into the hopper 4001 and prevent the ash from falling out of the hopper 4001. Preferably, in this embodiment, the slag trap 4002 is designed to have a slope to facilitate ash flow.
Optionally, the ash removal assembly 400 further includes an ash removal door 4003 and an ash removal baffle 4004, a first ash removal opening is opened on the side wall of the furnace 100, the ash removal door 4003 is disposed on the side wall of the furnace 100 for opening or blocking the first ash removal opening, and the ash hopper 4001 can be taken out or put into the furnace 100 through the ash removal door 4003 to pour ash. Further, a second ash removal opening is formed in the side wall of the bottom of the hearth 100, and the ash removal baffle 4004 is arranged on the side wall of the bottom of the hearth 100 and used for opening or blocking the second ash removal opening so as to clean the falling ash at the bottom of the hearth 100. Preferably, the ash removal baffle 4004 is fixedly connected with the furnace 100 by bolts or clamping pieces and is sealed by a sealing gasket, and when ash accumulated on the surface of the bottom of the furnace 100 is cleaned, the bolts fixed on the surface of the ash removal baffle 4004 can be detached to clean the fly ash.
Preferably, the low-nitrogen combustion furnace further comprises an observation window 800, the observation window 800 is disposed on the upper side wall of the furnace 100, and the observation window 800 is used for workers to observe the combustion condition inside the furnace 100. The combustion state of the low-nitrogen combustor 600 and the amount of dust in the hopper 4001 are observed through the observation window 800, and the combustion intensity of the low-nitrogen combustor 600 is adjusted and the ash in the hopper 4001 is cleaned. Preferably, in this embodiment, the observation window 800 is made of high-silica glass, which is resistant to high temperature and impact. Specifically, the observation window 800 is configured to be detachable and assembled into a round or square structure, embedded into high-silica glass, resistant to high temperature of 1000 ℃ or below, and convenient for timely cleaning of dirt due to a matched surface cleaning mechanism.
Optionally, the low-nitrogen combustion furnace further comprises a base 1000 disposed at the bottom of the hearth 100, which can prevent the low-nitrogen combustion furnace from collision and deformation during transportation or loading and unloading, and has the function of beautifying the appearance design. The base 1000 may be made of the same material as the sidewall of the furnace 100, or may be made of other materials. Preferably, in an embodiment, the bottom 1000 may be configured with pulleys to facilitate transportation.
Optionally, the low-nitrogen combustion furnace further comprises a controller, and the rotation speed of the induced draft fan 7001 and the feeding speed of the feeding device 2002 can be controlled.
The application steps of the low-nitrogen combustion furnace provided by the embodiment are as follows:
after the device is powered on, the controller is started, the stove is started, fuel enters the feeding device 2002 from the stock bin 2001, the feeding device 2002 is quantitatively conveyed into the low-nitrogen combustor 600, and air enters the low-nitrogen combustor 600 from the primary air induction port 2003 under the action of negative pressure provided by the induced draft fan 7001. In the low-nitrogen combustor 600, fuel is subjected to staged combustion to form ash, the ash is discharged from an ash discharge port, passes through the slag blocking plate 4002 and falls into the ash hopper 4001, and the ash cleaning door 4003 can be periodically opened to take out the ash hopper 4001 for cleaning.
High-temperature flue gas generated by combustion flows upwards from the low-nitrogen combustor 600 under the action of negative pressure provided by the induced draft fan 7001, and after contacting with the cooking table 300, the high-temperature flue gas descends downwards to the periphery of the ash hopper 4001 and then enters the heat exchange surface 500, flows into the negative pressure box 7002 after heat exchange, and enters a chimney through the induced draft fan 7001. The interior of the heat exchange surface 500 is cleaned periodically, and the ash removal baffle 4004 is opened for cleaning. Under the effect of red carbon radiation heat transfer and convection heat transfer in the low-nitrogen combustor 600, the temperature at the cooking outlet is obviously improved, and the cooking effect is obvious.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 9 to 12, the present embodiment provides a low-nitrogen burner, unlike the second embodiment, in which the low-nitrogen burner 600 is disposed opposite to the material feeding device 2002 and the primary air inducing port 2003 in the material feeding unit 200, and the material feeding passage 900 is disposed horizontally.
The low-nitrogen combustion furnace in the embodiment is used for combusting bituminous coal with 1.4% of nitrogen content, a German MGA6 infrared flue gas analyzer is used for testing pollutants, and the data is converted into pollutant data NO under 9% of dry basis oxygen contentxThe discharge amount with time is shown in FIG. 10, and NO can be seen from FIG. 10xAverageThe discharge amount is close to the national discharge standard (150 mg/Nm)3) The CO emission is plotted against time in FIG. 11, and NO is shown in FIG. 11xThe average discharge amount is far lower than 1000ppm, is 10000ppm compared with the discharge amount of the conventional boiler bituminous coal, and is formed by O2Graph 12 of emissions over time shows that O2Has an average emission of less than 15% and is free of CO and NOxDilution so that NO in low nitrogen burners under normal combustion conditionsxAnd CO is low.
In contrast to the embodiment, when the material supply device 2002 and the primary air-introducing port 2003 of the material supply assembly 200 are positioned lower than the low-nitrogen burner 600, the low-nitrogen burner NO is providedxAnd CO, but increases the power of the feeding device 2002 because the feeding channel 900 is arranged obliquely upwards, increasing the resistance to fuel movement.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a low-nitrogen combustor, its characterized in that, includes air distribution plate (1), coal-fired passageway (2) and air distribution passageway (3), coal-fired passageway (2) set up to one side, air distribution plate (1) set up in coal-fired passageway (2) with between air distribution passageway (3), coal-fired passageway (2) one end is the fuel supply mouth, and the other end is the lime-ash discharge port, coal-fired passageway (2) by the fuel supply mouth extremely the lime-ash discharge port divide into pyrolysis zone (21), red charcoal district (22), combustion area (23) and burn out district (24) in proper order, air distribution plate (1) correspond red charcoal district (22) combustion area (23) with the regional air distribution through-hole that has all seted up of burn out district (24).
2. The low-nitrogen burner of claim 1, wherein the air distribution plate (1) is S-shaped.
3. The low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the burnout zone (24) is less than the number of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the red char zone (22), and the number of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the red char zone (22) is less than the number of the air distribution through holes corresponding to the combustion zone (23).
4. The low-nitrogen burner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the pyrolysis zone (21) perpendicular to the feed direction decreases from the middle to both ends.
5. The low-nitrogen burner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the center of the air distribution through hole is located on the normal of the air distribution plate (1).
6. A low-nitrogen combustion furnace, which is characterized by comprising a hearth (100), a feeding assembly (200), a cooking table top (300), a heat exchange surface (500), a secondary air inducing assembly (700) and the low-nitrogen burner (600) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cooking table top (300) is hermetically connected to the top of the hearth (100), a cooking opening is arranged on the cooking table top (300), the low-nitrogen burner (600) is arranged in the hearth (100) and is positioned below the cooking opening, the feeding assembly (200) is connected with the fuel supply opening of the low-nitrogen burner (600) and the air distribution channel (3), the air inlet of the heat exchange surface (500) is communicated with the hearth (100), the air outlet of the heat exchange surface (500) is communicated with the secondary air inducing assembly (700), and the secondary air inducing assembly (700) is arranged below the low-nitrogen burner (600), the negative pressure is formed at the air inlet so as to guide the high-temperature flue gas in the hearth (100) into the heat exchange surface (500) for heat exchange.
7. The low-nitrogen combustion furnace as claimed in claim 6, wherein the secondary air inducing assembly (700) comprises an induced draft fan (7001), and an air outlet of the heat exchange surface (500) is communicated with an air suction port of the induced draft fan (7001).
8. The low-nitrogen combustion furnace as claimed in claim 7, wherein the secondary air inducing assembly (700) further comprises a negative pressure tank (7002), an air inlet of the negative pressure tank (7002) is communicated with an air outlet of the heat exchange surface (500), an air outlet of the negative pressure tank (7002) is communicated with an air inlet of the induced draft fan (7001), and the negative pressure tank (7002) is used for buffering and collecting the high-temperature flue gas to reduce air flow disturbance inside the induced draft fan (7001).
9. The low-nitrogen combustion furnace according to claim 6, wherein the feed assembly (200) comprises a silo (2001), a feed device (2002) and a primary air inducing port (2003) which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, an outlet of the feed device (2002) is connected with the fuel supply port, and the primary air inducing port (2003) is connected with the air distribution channel (3).
10. The low-nitrogen combustion furnace according to claim 6, further comprising a soot cleaning assembly (400), wherein the soot cleaning assembly (400) comprises a hopper (4001) and a slag trap (4002), the hopper (4001) is disposed in the furnace (100) below the low-nitrogen burner (600), the slag trap (4002) is disposed between the low-nitrogen burner (600) and the hopper (4001), and the slag trap (4002) is used for guiding ash dropped from the low-nitrogen burner (600) into the hopper (4001).
CN202010320868.5A 2020-04-22 2020-04-22 Low-nitrogen combustor and low-nitrogen combustion furnace Pending CN111396931A (en)

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CN201407690Y (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-02-17 李正端 Energy-saving environment-friendly stove core
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CN204730184U (en) * 2015-06-30 2015-10-28 廊坊劲华锅炉有限公司 A kind of biomass fuel boiler negative-pressure firing system
CN212057387U (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-12-01 兖矿集团有限公司 Low-nitrogen combustor and low-nitrogen combustion furnace

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090020048A1 (en) * 2006-02-07 2009-01-22 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Method for reducing nitrogen oxide on the primary side in a two-stage combustion process
CN101650025A (en) * 2008-08-15 2010-02-17 中国科学院过程工程研究所 Decoupling combustion furnace and decoupling combustion method
CN101430102A (en) * 2008-12-10 2009-05-13 哈尔滨工业大学 Biomass shaping fuel-combustion countryside cooking/bathing/heating integrated apparatus
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