CN111396312B - 一种采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机 - Google Patents

一种采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机 Download PDF

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CN111396312B
CN111396312B CN202010168558.6A CN202010168558A CN111396312B CN 111396312 B CN111396312 B CN 111396312B CN 202010168558 A CN202010168558 A CN 202010168558A CN 111396312 B CN111396312 B CN 111396312B
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CN111396312A (zh
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杨决宽
马旭
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Southeast University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/30Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
    • F04C18/34Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
    • F04C18/356Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member
    • F04C18/3562Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surfaces substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/0042Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmissions specially adapted for pumps
    • F04C29/005Means for transmitting movement from the prime mover to driven parts of the pump, e.g. clutches, couplings, transmissions

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机。本发明包括机架,机架上安装一个外驱动轴,所述外驱动轴通过联轴器连接电机,所述外驱动轴上安装一个圆齿轮和一个非圆齿轮,其中所述圆齿轮与共轭圆齿轮啮合,所述共轭圆齿轮安装在转子轴上;所述非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮啮合,所述共轭非圆齿轮通过一个弹性联轴器与气缸轴连接;滑片一端铰接在气缸上,铰接圆与气缸内壁相切,滑片另一端插入转子上的滑片槽中。本发明将滑片侧的摩擦损失降到最低,从而提高滑片的使用寿命和压缩机的能量利用率。

Description

一种采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机
技术领域:
本发明涉及空气压缩机领域,具体涉及一种采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机。
背景技术:
滑片是滑片压缩机最重要和最容易损坏的部件。由于滑片压缩机滑片顶部与气缸壁的相对速度较大,导致滑片顶部摩擦损失较高。为了减少滑片的摩擦损失来提高滑片压缩机的使用寿命,相关技术人员对滑片压缩机的研究不断深入。申请号为200410026053.7,名称为“同步回转式压缩机”的发明公开了一种同步回转式压缩机。该压缩机把滑片与气缸铰接在一起使转子、滑片和气缸同步旋转,滑片顶部与气缸的相对转速较小,大大的降低滑片顶部与气缸之间的摩擦损失,但滑片需承担传递动力的作用,并没有解决滑片侧摩擦损失较高的问题。申请号为201910282616.5,名称为“一种非圆齿轮驱动的同步回转式压缩机”的发明公开了一种非圆齿轮驱动的同步回转式压缩机。该压缩机由非圆齿轮驱动使滑片不再承担传递动力的作用,可降低滑片侧的摩擦损失。然而分析表明,虽然整个工作周期内滑片的摩擦损失降低,但后半周期非圆齿轮驱动的同步回转式压缩机的滑片摩擦损失是高于同步回转式压缩机的。因为同步回转式压缩机在后半周期气缸对滑片有一个推力,可提高压缩效率,减少滑片侧摩擦损失。为了进一步降低滑片侧的摩擦损失,需要提出一个外驱动方案在整个周期内让气缸对滑片提供一个推力,可将滑片侧摩擦损失降到最低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有非圆齿轮驱动的同步回转式压缩机存在的后半周期滑片摩擦损失大的问题,提出了一种采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机。在本发明中,转子和气缸的同步回转是通过外置的圆齿轮和非圆齿轮传动实现的,同时,在一个弹性联轴器的辅助下气缸在滑片顶部作用一个推力。通过非圆齿轮设计来优化该推力,可将滑片侧的摩擦损失降到最低,从而提高滑片的使用寿命和压缩机的能量利用率。
上述的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机,包括机架,机架上安装一个外驱动轴,所述外驱动轴通过联轴器连接电机,所述外驱动轴上安装一个圆齿轮和一个非圆齿轮,其中所述圆齿轮与共轭圆齿轮啮合,所述共轭圆齿轮安装在转子轴上;所述非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮啮合,所述共轭非圆齿轮通过一个弹性联轴器与气缸轴连接;滑片一端铰接在气缸上,铰接圆与气缸内壁相切,滑片另一端插入转子上的滑片槽中。
所述的采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机,转子与气缸的转角关系为:
Figure BDA0002407791730000021
其中,
Figure BDA0002407791730000022
为转子转角,
Figure BDA0002407791730000023
为气缸转角,从气缸回转中心至转子回转中心方向为
Figure BDA0002407791730000024
Figure BDA0002407791730000025
的起始位置,方向为转子和气缸的旋转方向,Rcy为气缸半径,Rvt为滑片铰接半径,e为转子和气缸的偏心距;
记圆齿轮与共轭圆齿轮的传动比为iC,由于圆齿轮与非圆齿轮固定安装在外驱动轴上,共轭圆齿轮与转子固定安装在转子轴上,故圆齿轮与共轭圆齿轮传动比等于非圆齿轮与转子的转角比,即
Figure BDA0002407791730000026
为了通过弹性联轴器驱动气缸,共轭非圆齿轮转角需要比气缸转角提前
Figure BDA0002407791730000027
Figure BDA0002407791730000028
Figure BDA0002407791730000029
进一步可以表示为:
Figure BDA00024077917300000210
其中,Tcouple为弹性联轴器的扭转刚度,Jcy和εcy分别为气缸的转动惯量和角加速度,
Figure BDA00024077917300000211
为非圆齿轮的转角,
Figure BDA00024077917300000212
为共轭非圆齿轮的转角,Ft为气缸施加在滑片上的推力,其值通过优化得到,优化目标为滑片侧摩擦损失最低;
由公式1进一步得到非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮的传动比为:
Figure BDA00024077917300000213
其中,ωcy为气缸的角速度,
Figure BDA00024077917300000214
为弹性联轴器扭转角对时间的导数;
非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮的节曲线表达式为:
Figure BDA00024077917300000215
其中,
Figure BDA00024077917300000216
为非圆齿轮在极角为
Figure BDA00024077917300000217
时向径,
Figure BDA00024077917300000218
为共轭非圆齿轮在同
Figure BDA00024077917300000219
对应的极角
Figure BDA00024077917300000220
时向径,aNC为非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮的中心距。
所述的采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机,气缸对滑片的推力Ft垂直滑片作用在铰接圆的圆心,方向与转子和气缸的转向相同,其值通过优化得到,优化目标为滑片侧摩擦损失最低。
有益效果:
与现有技术相比,本发明采用的外驱动方案可使转子和气缸同步回转,在弹性联轴器的辅助下,气缸在滑片顶部施加一推动力。本发明所提出的驱动方案可以显著降低同步回转式压缩机滑片侧的摩擦损耗,提高了滑片的使用寿命和压缩机的能量利用率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的传动方案图;
图2为本发明中压缩机滑片受力图;
图3为同步回转式压缩机滑片侧摩擦损失对比。
图中各个标号代表:1—机架,2—非圆齿轮,3—共轭非圆齿轮,4—弹性联轴器,5—气缸轴,6—转子,7—气缸,8—转子轴,9—共轭圆齿轮,10—圆齿轮,11—外驱动轴,12—联轴器,13—电机,14—滑片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步地说明。
如图1所示,用于同步回转式压缩机的外驱动方案包括机架1、非圆齿轮2、共轭非圆齿轮3、弹性联轴器4、圆齿轮10、共轭圆齿轮9、气缸轴5、转子轴8、外驱动轴11。电机13通过联轴器12与外驱动轴11连接。外驱动轴11、气缸轴5和转子轴8都支撑在机架1上。圆齿轮10和共轭圆齿轮9分别安装在外驱动轴11和转子轴8上,圆齿轮10与共轭圆齿轮9啮合。非圆齿轮2安装在外驱动轴11上,并同共轭非圆齿轮3啮合,共轭非圆齿轮3的轴通过一个弹性联轴器4与气缸轴5连接。
如图2所示,在回转压缩机中,气缸7随气缸轴5一起运转,转子6随转子轴8一起运转。滑片14铰接在气缸7上,铰接圆与气缸7内壁相切,并插入转子6上的滑片槽中。
电机13通过联轴器12和外驱动轴11将动力传给圆齿轮10和非圆齿轮2。圆齿轮10与共轭圆齿轮9啮合,将动力通过转子轴8传给转子6,非圆齿轮2与共轭非圆齿轮3啮合,将动力通过弹性联轴器4传递给气缸轴5,气缸轴5将动力传给气缸7。实现气缸7与转子6的同步回转,同时气缸7在滑片14的顶部施加一推动力。
转子6与气缸7的转角关系为:
Figure BDA0002407791730000031
其中,
Figure BDA0002407791730000032
为转子转角,
Figure BDA0002407791730000033
为气缸转角,从气缸回转中心至转子回转中心方向为
Figure BDA0002407791730000034
Figure BDA0002407791730000035
的起始位置,方向为转子和气缸的旋转方向,Rcy为气缸半径,取值为34.5mm,Rvt为滑片铰接半径,取值为3mm,e为转子和气缸的偏心距,取值为4.5mm;
为了方便起见,这里取圆齿轮10与共轭圆齿轮9的传动比iC=1,因此非圆齿轮2的转角
Figure BDA0002407791730000041
在数值上等于
Figure BDA0002407791730000042
为了通过弹性联轴器4驱动气缸,共轭非圆齿轮3转角
Figure BDA0002407791730000043
需要比气缸转角提前
Figure BDA0002407791730000044
Figure BDA0002407791730000045
Figure BDA0002407791730000046
进一步可以表示为:
Figure BDA0002407791730000047
其中,Tcouple为弹性联轴器的扭转刚度,在实际应用中,采用定刚度弹性联轴器可以简化设计,Jcy和εcy分别为气缸的转动惯量和角加速度。Ft为气缸施加在滑片上的推力,其值通过优化得到,优化目标为滑片侧摩擦损失最低;
由公式1进一步得到非圆齿轮2与共轭非圆齿轮3的传动比为:
Figure BDA0002407791730000048
其中,ωcy为气缸的角速度,
Figure BDA0002407791730000049
为弹性联轴器扭转角对时间的导数。在此基础上,可以得到非圆齿轮2与共轭非圆齿轮3的节曲线:
Figure BDA00024077917300000410
其中,
Figure BDA00024077917300000411
为非圆齿轮2在极角为
Figure BDA00024077917300000412
时向径,
Figure BDA00024077917300000413
为共轭非圆齿轮3在与
Figure BDA00024077917300000414
对应的极角
Figure BDA00024077917300000415
时向径。
气缸7作用于滑片14顶部的推力Ft垂直滑片14的中心面,并通过滑片14铰接圆的圆心,方向与转子6和气缸7的转向相同,其值通过优化计算确定,优化目标为滑片侧摩擦损失最低。图2给出了滑片14的受力图,其中F1为滑片槽对滑片底部的径向接触力,F2为滑片槽顶端对滑片的径向接触力,Fs,v、Fc,v为吸气腔、压缩腔对滑片的压力,Fvt,r为气缸对滑片的径向力,Fk,v为科氏力,Fcf,v为滑片离心力。
为了展示本发明的优势,计算了本发明驱动方案下同步回转式压缩机的滑片侧面摩擦损失,并同传统的同步回转式压缩机、申请号为201910282616.5公开的非圆齿轮驱动的同步回转式压缩机做对比,结果如图3所示。在这三个计算中,压缩机的工作参数和结构参数均相同。取转子转速ωro=2875rpm,吸气压力ps=0.63MPa,排气压力pd=2.17MPa,绝热指数κ=1.1,转子半径Rro=30mm,气缸壁厚度tcy=7mm,气缸轴向长度Lc=35.6mm,气缸密度ρcy=7800kg/m3,滑片长度Lv=24mm。图3给出的结果表明本发明所提出的驱动方案可以显著降低滑片侧的摩擦损失。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征以及本发明的优点。本行业技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (2)

1.一种采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机,其特征是:包括机架,机架上安装一个外驱动轴,所述外驱动轴通过联轴器连接电机,所述外驱动轴上安装一个圆齿轮和一个非圆齿轮,其中所述圆齿轮与共轭圆齿轮啮合,所述共轭圆齿轮安装在转子轴上;所述非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮啮合,所述共轭非圆齿轮通过一个弹性联轴器与气缸轴连接;滑片一端铰接在气缸上,铰接圆与气缸内壁相切,滑片另一端插入转子上的滑片槽中;
转子与气缸的转角关系为:
Figure FDA0003148558810000011
其中,
Figure FDA0003148558810000012
为转子转角,
Figure FDA0003148558810000013
为气缸转角,从气缸回转中心至转子回转中心方向为
Figure FDA0003148558810000014
Figure FDA0003148558810000015
的起始位置,方向为转子和气缸的旋转方向,Rcy为气缸半径,Rvt为滑片铰接半径,e为转子和气缸的偏心距;
记圆齿轮与共轭圆齿轮的传动比为iC,由于圆齿轮与非圆齿轮固定安装在外驱动轴上,共轭圆齿轮与转子固定安装在转子轴上,故圆齿轮与共轭圆齿轮传动比等于非圆齿轮与转子的转角比,即
Figure FDA0003148558810000016
为了通过弹性联轴器驱动气缸,共轭非圆齿轮转角需要比气缸转角提前
Figure FDA0003148558810000017
Figure FDA0003148558810000018
Figure FDA0003148558810000019
进一步可以表示为:
Figure FDA00031485588100000110
其中,Tcouple为弹性联轴器的扭转刚度,Jcy和εcy分别为气缸的转动惯量和角加速度,
Figure FDA00031485588100000111
为非圆齿轮的转角,
Figure FDA00031485588100000112
为共轭非圆齿轮的转角,Ft为气缸施加在滑片上的推力,其值通过优化得到,优化目标为滑片侧摩擦损失最低;
由公式1进一步得到非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮的传动比为:
Figure FDA00031485588100000113
其中,ωcy为气缸的角速度,
Figure FDA00031485588100000114
为弹性联轴器扭转角对时间的导数;
非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮的节曲线表达式为:
Figure FDA0003148558810000021
其中,
Figure FDA0003148558810000022
为非圆齿轮在极角为
Figure FDA0003148558810000023
时向径,
Figure FDA0003148558810000024
为共轭非圆齿轮在同
Figure FDA0003148558810000025
对应的极角
Figure FDA0003148558810000026
时向径,aNC为非圆齿轮与共轭非圆齿轮的中心距。
2.根据权利要求1所述的采用外驱动的同步回转式压缩机,其特征是:气缸对滑片的推力Ft垂直滑片作用在铰接圆的圆心,方向与转子和气缸的转向相同,其值通过优化得到,优化目标为滑片侧摩擦损失最低。
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