CN111394802B - Preparation method of long bamboo fiber for molding composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of long bamboo fiber for molding composite material Download PDF

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CN111394802B
CN111394802B CN202010385470.XA CN202010385470A CN111394802B CN 111394802 B CN111394802 B CN 111394802B CN 202010385470 A CN202010385470 A CN 202010385470A CN 111394802 B CN111394802 B CN 111394802B
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bamboo
enzyme
composite material
rolling
long
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CN111394802A (en
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张文福
王戈
程海涛
郑海军
顾少华
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Zhejiang Academy of Forestry
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Zhejiang Academy of Forestry
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J1/00—Mechanical working of cane or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27J—MECHANICAL WORKING OF CANE, CORK, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27J7/00—Mechanical working of tree or plant materials not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K9/00—Chemical or physical treatment of reed, straw, or similar material
    • B27K9/002—Cane, bamboo
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D01B1/22—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating with crushing or breaking rollers or plates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
    • D01C1/02—Treatment of vegetable material by chemical methods to obtain bast fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
    • D01C1/04—Bacteriological retting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from solutions of cellulose in acids, bases or salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of long bamboo fiber for a molding composite material, which comprises the following steps: rolling and washing bamboo chips by using three-stage smooth roll rolling equipment to obtain loose bamboo strips, adding basic tissues and strains of bamboo into leaching liquor for fermentation, separating and purifying to obtain biological enzyme, mixing the biological enzyme with xylanase, pectinase and water to obtain an enzyme preparation, treating the bamboo strips with the activated enzyme preparation enzyme, washing, draining, opening and drying to obtain the long bamboo fibers for the molding composite material. The long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material prepared by the invention has long length, fine fineness, high tensile strength and high breaking strength.

Description

Preparation method of long bamboo fiber for molding composite material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bamboo processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of long bamboo fibers for a molding composite material.
Background
The prior bamboo fiber preparation technology mainly comprises a rolling fiber opening method, a mechanical milling method, a mechanical carding method, a cracking fiber opening method, a flash explosion degumming method, a chemical mechanical method and a biological degumming method, wherein the former five methods belong to a physical mechanical method, and crude bamboo fiber is obtained by separation and preparation; the last two methods belong to a physical-biochemical combination method, and the refined bamboo fiber is obtained by a method for separating the fiber from the colloid in the bamboo fiber. Wherein, the physical mechanical method and the biological degumming method have the advantages of small environmental pollution, long process time consumption and poor fiber quality; the chemical mechanical method has certain harm to the environment, but can obtain the bamboo fiber with controllable quality. The bamboo fiber obtained by using a single bamboo fiber preparation method and production process has small size and large performance difference, and the bamboo fiber with stable performance is produced by adopting a multi-method combined mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for preparing long bamboo fibers for a molded composite material, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the long bamboo fibers for the molded composite material prepared by the method have the advantages of long length, fine fineness, high tensile strength and high breaking strength.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for preparing long bamboo fibers for molding composite materials comprises the following steps:
s1, bamboo wood pretreatment: cutting fresh bamboo, cutting off joints to obtain a bamboo tube, cutting the bamboo tube into 4-8 pieces, removing tabasheer side, and reserving green side to obtain bamboo pieces;
s2, bamboo chip rolling: rolling the bamboo chips obtained in the step S1 in the forward direction by adopting three-stage smooth roller rolling equipment, and washing the bamboo chips by using clear water in the rolling process to finally obtain loose bamboo strips; the rolling process conditions are as follows: rolling the bamboo chips under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 3.2-4.3 mm in sequence, then rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 1.8-2.2 mm, and finally rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 0.7-1 mm;
the invention adopts three-stage smooth roller rolling equipment for rolling, and the basic structure of the bamboo is mainly extruded to crush the bamboo, so that the bamboo forms large gaps, the exposed area of the internal structure of the bamboo is increased, the later-stage enzyme preparation impregnation is facilitated, and the contact surface of the enzyme preparation and the bamboo is increased;
s3, preparation of an enzyme preparation: removing vascular bundles of bamboo wood to obtain a bamboo wood basic tissue, grinding the bamboo wood basic tissue into bamboo wood basic tissue powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 mu m, adding the bamboo wood basic tissue powder and a strain into the leaching solution, and fermenting for 24-28 h at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material; adding the fermentation material into physiological saline with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, shaking and extracting for 1-2 h at room temperature, filtering by using gauze, centrifuging the filtrate for 10-20 min under the condition that the rotation speed is 4000-5000 r/min, taking supernatant to obtain enzyme crude liquid, and then separating and purifying the enzyme crude liquid to obtain biological enzyme; uniformly mixing the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and water to obtain an enzyme preparation; the strain is bacillus, aspergillus niger or aspergillus oryzae; the leaching liquor is a citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution, a sodium acetate buffer solution or a malonic acid buffer solution;
the biological enzyme is mainly separated and purified from the bamboo basic tissue, is more suitable for enzymolysis and decomposition of the bamboo basic tissue, but has lower activity, and can improve the activity of the biological enzyme and promote the effect of decomposing the bamboo basic tissue by the biological enzyme by matching with xylanase and pectinase;
s4, bamboo tape enzyme treatment: adding glucose into the enzyme preparation obtained in S3, standing for 2h at room temperature to activate the enzyme preparation, soaking the bamboo strip obtained in S2 in the activated enzyme preparation at 25-35 ℃ for 1.5-2 h, centrifuging for 30S at the rotation speed of 1500-2500 r/min, standing for 1-30 min, centrifuging for 30S at the rotation speed of 1500-2500 r/min, and standing for 1h to take out the bamboo strip to obtain the enzyme-treated bamboo strip;
s5, bamboo strip opening: washing the bamboo tape subjected to enzyme treatment in the step S4, draining, and then using an opener to pull out the bundled long fibers from the bamboo tape to obtain a bundled bamboo fiber preform with the length of 50-250 mm; the upper surface and the lower surface of the opener are respectively provided with a needling roller and a smooth roller which are opposite in position and opposite in transmission direction; the direction of the needling roller is the same as the feeding direction;
and S6, paving the bunched bamboo fiber preform obtained in the S5, and then carrying out air flow drying to obtain the long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material.
Preferably, the thickness of the bamboo chips in S1 is 4.5 mm-6 mm; the water content of the bamboo chips is 70-80%.
Preferably, in S2, the weight loss ratio of the bamboo strip is 15% to 25%, and the weight gain ratio of the bamboo strip after absorbing water is 27% to 37%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the bamboo wood basic tissue powder, the strains and the leaching liquor in the S3 is 1000: (1-5): 100.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and the water in the enzyme preparation in S3 is (3.5-4): (0.5-1): (0.5-1): 1000.
Preferably, the specific activity of the biological enzyme in S3 is 4900U/g-5700U/g, and the specific activity of the xylanase is more than or equal to 1.5 x 104U/g, specific activity of pectinase is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 103U/g。
Preferably, the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to glucose in S4 is 1:1
Preferably, the rotation speed of the needling roller and the smooth roller in the S5 are both 1200 rpm, the needling density of the needling roller is 10 per square centimeter, and the needling length of the needling roller is 15 mm.
Preferably, the moisture content of the long bamboo fibers for molding the composite material in S6 is 10% to 13%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, bamboo chips are rolled and loosened to be treated in cooperation with an enzyme preparation, the biological enzyme is mainly separated and purified from the bamboo basic tissue, the biological enzyme is more suitable for enzymolysis and decomposition of the bamboo basic tissue, but has low activity, and can be matched with xylanase and pectinase to improve the activity of the biological enzyme and promote the effect of the biological enzyme on decomposing the bamboo basic tissue; the basic tissue in the bamboo chips is broken through rolling, the contact area between the enzyme preparation and the basic tissue is enlarged, the basic tissue in the bamboo chips is promoted to be decomposed through the treatment of the enzyme preparation, the bonding force between the basic tissue and the fiber bundles is further weakened, and finally, the bamboo fiber bundles with longer length and high tensile strength are separated through opening and pulling, so that the basic tissue (namely thin-wall tissue) among the fiber bundles can be removed, the internal of bundle-shaped bamboo fibers is prevented from being excessively damaged, the long bamboo fibers for the molding composite material are prevented from being separated into single fibers, the length of the long bamboo fibers for the molding composite material can reach 50-250 mm, the fineness is 31-74 mu m, the length-diameter ratio is large, the tensile strength is large, the average tensile breaking force value of the fibers can reach 121N, and the anti-breaking strength is high and can reach 294 MPa.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, bamboo wood pretreatment: cutting fresh bamboo, cutting off joints, processing into bamboo tubes, cutting the bamboo tubes into 4-8 pieces, removing tabasheer side, and reserving bamboo green side to obtain bamboo pieces with thickness of 5mm and water content of 70%;
s2, bamboo chip rolling: rolling the bamboo chips obtained in the step S1 in the forward direction by adopting three-stage smooth roller rolling equipment, and washing the bamboo chips by using clear water in the rolling process to finally obtain loose bamboo strips; the rolling process conditions are as follows: rolling the bamboo chips sequentially under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 3.5mm, then rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 2mm, and finally rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 0.8 mm; the weight loss rate of the bamboo strip is 15 percent, and the weight gain rate of the bamboo strip after water absorption is 27 percent;
s3, preparation of an enzyme preparation: removing vascular bundles of bamboo wood to obtain a bamboo wood basic tissue, grinding the bamboo wood basic tissue into bamboo wood basic tissue powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 mu m, adding the bamboo wood basic tissue powder and a strain into the leaching solution, and fermenting for 26 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material; adding the fermentation material into physiological saline with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, shaking and extracting for 1h at room temperature, filtering by using gauze, centrifuging the filtrate for 10min at the rotation speed of 4000r/min, taking supernatant to obtain enzyme crude liquid, and then separating and purifying the enzyme crude liquid to obtain biological enzyme; uniformly mixing the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and water to obtain an enzyme preparation; the strain is bacillus; the leaching liquor is a citric acid-phosphoric acid buffer solution; the mass ratio of the bamboo wood basic tissue powder to the strains to the leaching liquor is 1000: 1: 100; the mass ratio of the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and the water in the enzyme preparation is 3.5: 0.5: 0.5: 1000; the specific activity of the biological enzyme is 5700U/g, and the specific activity of the xylanase is more than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 104U/g, specific activity of pectinase is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 103U/g；
S4, bamboo tape enzyme treatment: adding glucose into the enzyme preparation obtained in S3, standing at room temperature for 2h to activate the enzyme preparation, soaking the bamboo strip obtained in S2 in the activated enzyme preparation at 25 ℃ for 2h, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 1500r/min for 30S, standing for 30min, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 1500r/min for 30S, standing for 1h, and taking out the bamboo strip to obtain the enzyme-treated bamboo strip; the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the glucose is 1: 1;
s5, bamboo strip opening: washing the bamboo tape subjected to enzyme treatment in the step S4, draining, and then using an opener to pull out the bundled long fibers from the bamboo tape to obtain a bundled bamboo fiber preform with the length of 50-250 mm; the upper surface and the lower surface of the opener are respectively provided with a needling roller and a smooth roller which are opposite in position and opposite in transmission direction; the direction of the needling roller is the same as the feeding direction; the rotating speed of the needling roller and the smooth roller is 1200 r/min, the needling density of the needling roller is 10 per square centimeter, and the needling length of the needling roller is 15 mm;
s6, spreading the bunched bamboo fiber preform obtained in the S5, and then carrying out airflow drying to obtain bunched bamboo fibers with the water content of 10%; finally, sorting the bundled bamboo fibers according to the lengths by using a grid sieve to obtain the lengths d which are respectively equal to or more than 50mm1＜100mm、100mm≤d2D is less than 150mm and less than or equal to 150mm3Long bamboo fibers for three specifications of molding composite materials less than or equal to 250 mm; d1、d2And d3The lengths of the long bamboo fibers for molding the composite material are respectively.
The properties of the long bamboo fibers for the molded composite material prepared in this example:
d is not less than 150mm3The long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material with the thickness less than or equal to 250mm accounts for 20 percent of the total weight, the average fineness is 65 mu m, the average tensile breaking force value of the fiber is 103N, the average breaking strength is 215MPa, and the tensile modulus is 19.2 GPa.
D is not less than 100mm2The long bamboo fiber used for the molding composite material with the diameter less than 150mm accounts for 50 percent of the total weight, the average fineness is 43 mu m, the average tensile breaking force value of the fiber is 87N, the average breaking strength is 272MPa, and the tensile modulus is 26.5 GPa.
D is not more than 50mm1The long bamboo fiber used for the molding composite material with the thickness less than 100mm accounts for 30 percent of the total weight, the average fineness is 34 mu m, the average tensile breaking force value of the fiber is 66N, the average breaking strength is 289MPa, and the tensile modulus is 29.1 GPa.
In the embodiment, bamboo chips are rolled and loosened to be treated in cooperation with an enzyme preparation, the biological enzyme in the embodiment is mainly separated and purified from the bamboo basic tissue, is more suitable for enzymolysis and decomposition of the bamboo basic tissue, but has low activity, and can improve the activity of the biological enzyme and promote the effect of decomposing the bamboo basic tissue by the biological enzyme by matching with xylanase and pectinase; the basic tissue in the bamboo chips is broken through rolling, the contact area between the enzyme preparation and the basic tissue is enlarged, the decomposition of the basic tissue in the bamboo chips is promoted through the treatment of the enzyme preparation, the bonding force between the basic tissue and the fiber bundles is further weakened, and finally the bamboo fiber bundles with longer length and high tensile strength are separated through opening and pulling, so that the basic tissue (namely the thin-wall tissue) among the fiber bundles can be removed, the internal of the bundle-shaped bamboo fiber is prevented from being excessively damaged, the long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material is prevented from being separated into single fibers, and the obtained long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material has long length, fine fineness, high tensile strength and high breaking strength.
Example 2
The preparation method of the long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, bamboo wood pretreatment: cutting fresh bamboo, cutting off joints to obtain a bamboo tube, cutting the bamboo tube into 4-8 pieces, removing tabasheer side, and reserving bamboo green side to obtain bamboo pieces with thickness of 6mm and water content of 80%;
s2, bamboo chip rolling: rolling the bamboo chips obtained in the step S1 in the forward direction by adopting three-stage smooth roller rolling equipment, and washing the bamboo chips by using clear water in the rolling process to finally obtain loose bamboo strips; the rolling process conditions are as follows: rolling the bamboo chips under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 4.3mm in sequence, then rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 2.2mm, and finally rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 1 mm; the weight loss rate of the bamboo strip is 20%, and the weight gain rate of the bamboo strip after water absorption is 35%;
s3, preparation of an enzyme preparation: removing vascular bundles of bamboo wood to obtain a bamboo wood basic tissue, grinding the bamboo wood basic tissue into bamboo wood basic tissue powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 mu m, adding the bamboo wood basic tissue powder and a strain into the leaching solution, and fermenting for 24 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material; adding the fermentation material into physiological saline with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, shaking and extracting for 1.5h at room temperature, filtering by using gauze, centrifuging the filtrate for 15min under the condition that the rotation speed is 5000r/min, taking supernatant to obtain enzyme crude liquid, and then separating and purifying the enzyme crude liquid to obtain biological enzyme; uniformly mixing the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and water to obtain an enzyme preparation; the strain is Aspergillus niger; the leaching liquor is sodium acetate buffer solution; the bamboo wood basic structure powderThe mass ratio of the strain to the leaching liquor is 1000: 3: 100; the mass ratio of the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and the water in the enzyme preparation is 4: 1: 0.5: 1000; the specific activity of the biological enzyme is 4900U/g, and the specific activity of the xylanase is more than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 104U/g, specific activity of pectinase is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 103U/g；
S4, bamboo tape enzyme treatment: adding glucose into the enzyme preparation obtained in S3, standing at room temperature for 2h to activate the enzyme preparation, soaking the bamboo strip obtained in S2 in the activated enzyme preparation at 35 ℃ for 2h, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 2000r/min for 30S, standing for 1min, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 2000r/min for 30S, standing for 1h, and taking out the bamboo strip to obtain the enzyme-treated bamboo strip; the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the glucose is 1: 1;
s5, bamboo strip opening: washing the bamboo tape subjected to enzyme treatment in the step S4, draining, and then using an opener to pull out the bundled long fibers from the bamboo tape to obtain a bundled bamboo fiber preform with the length of 50-250 mm; the upper surface and the lower surface of the opener are respectively provided with a needling roller and a smooth roller which are opposite in position and opposite in transmission direction; the direction of the needling roller is the same as the feeding direction; the rotating speed of the needling roller and the smooth roller is 1200 r/min, the needling density of the needling roller is 10 per square centimeter, and the needling length of the needling roller is 15 mm;
s6, paving the bunched bamboo fiber preform obtained in the S5, and then drying the bunched bamboo fiber preform in an air flow manner to obtain bunched bamboo fibers with the water content of 12%; finally, sorting the bundled bamboo fibers according to the lengths by using a grid sieve to obtain the lengths d which are respectively equal to or more than 50mm1＜100mm、100mm≤d2D is less than 150mm and less than or equal to 150mm3Long bamboo fibers for three specifications of molding composite materials less than or equal to 250 mm; d1、d2And d3The lengths of the long bamboo fibers for molding the composite material are respectively.
The properties of the long bamboo fibers for the molded composite material prepared in this example:
d is not less than 150mm3The long bamboo fiber for molding composite material with thickness of 250mm or less accounts for 30% of the total amount, has average fineness of 68 μm, and has average fiber drawingThe tensile breaking force value was 115N, the average breaking strength was 223MPa, and the tensile modulus was 20.1 GPa.
D is not less than 100mm2The long bamboo fiber used for the molding composite material with the diameter less than 150mm accounts for 35 percent of the total weight, the average fineness is 47 mu m, the average tensile breaking force value of the fiber is 92N, the average breaking strength is 264MPa, and the tensile modulus is 25.8 GPa.
D is not more than 50mm1The long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material with the thickness less than 100mm accounts for 35 percent of the total weight, the average fineness is 31 mu m, the average tensile breaking force value of the fiber is 59N, the average breaking strength is 277MPa, and the tensile modulus is 28.3 GPa.
In the embodiment, bamboo chips are rolled and loosened to be treated in cooperation with an enzyme preparation, the biological enzyme in the embodiment is mainly separated and purified from the bamboo basic tissue, is more suitable for enzymolysis and decomposition of the bamboo basic tissue, but has low activity, and can improve the activity of the biological enzyme and promote the effect of decomposing the bamboo basic tissue by the biological enzyme by matching with xylanase and pectinase; the basic tissue in the bamboo chips is broken through rolling, the contact area between the enzyme preparation and the basic tissue is enlarged, the decomposition of the basic tissue in the bamboo chips is promoted through the treatment of the enzyme preparation, the bonding force between the basic tissue and the fiber bundles is further weakened, and finally the bamboo fiber bundles with longer length and high tensile strength are separated through opening and pulling, so that the basic tissue (namely the thin-wall tissue) among the fiber bundles can be removed, the internal of the bundle-shaped bamboo fiber is prevented from being excessively damaged, the long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material is prevented from being separated into single fibers, and the obtained long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material has long length, fine fineness, high tensile strength and high breaking strength.
Example 3
The preparation method of the long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1, bamboo wood pretreatment: cutting fresh bamboo, cutting off joints, processing into bamboo tubes, cutting the bamboo tubes into 4-8 pieces, removing tabasheer side, and reserving bamboo green side to obtain bamboo pieces with thickness of 4.5mm and water content of 70%;
s2, bamboo chip rolling: rolling the bamboo chips obtained in the step S1 in the forward direction by adopting three-stage smooth roller rolling equipment, and washing the bamboo chips by using clear water in the rolling process to finally obtain loose bamboo strips; the rolling process conditions are as follows: rolling the bamboo chips sequentially under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 3.2mm, then rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 1.8mm, and finally rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 0.7 mm; the weight loss rate of the bamboo strip is 25%, and the weight gain rate of the bamboo strip after water absorption is 37%;
s3, preparation of an enzyme preparation: removing vascular bundles of bamboo wood to obtain a bamboo wood basic tissue, grinding the bamboo wood basic tissue into bamboo wood basic tissue powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 mu m, adding the bamboo wood basic tissue powder and a strain into the leaching solution, and fermenting for 28 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material; adding the fermentation material into physiological saline with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, shaking and extracting for 2h at room temperature, filtering with gauze, centrifuging the filtrate for 20min under the condition that the rotation speed is 4500r/min, taking supernatant to obtain enzyme crude liquid, and then separating and purifying the enzyme crude liquid to obtain biological enzyme; uniformly mixing the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and water to obtain an enzyme preparation; the strain is aspergillus oryzae; the leaching liquor is a malonic acid buffer solution; the mass ratio of the bamboo wood basic tissue powder to the strains to the leaching liquor is 1000: 5: 100; the mass ratio of the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and the water in the enzyme preparation is 4: 0.5: 1: 1000; the specific activity of the biological enzyme is 4900U/g, and the specific activity of the xylanase is more than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 104U/g, specific activity of pectinase is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 103U/g；
S4, bamboo tape enzyme treatment: adding glucose into the enzyme preparation obtained in S3, standing at room temperature for 2h to activate the enzyme preparation, soaking the bamboo strip obtained in S2 in the activated enzyme preparation at 25 ℃ for 1.5h, centrifuging at 2500r/min for 30S, standing for 1min, centrifuging at 2500r/min for 30S, standing for 1h, and taking out the bamboo strip to obtain enzyme-treated bamboo strip; the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the glucose is 1: 1;
s5, bamboo strip opening: washing the bamboo tape subjected to enzyme treatment in the step S4, draining, and then using an opener to pull out the bundled long fibers from the bamboo tape to obtain a bundled bamboo fiber preform with the length of 50-250 mm; the upper surface and the lower surface of the opener are respectively provided with a needling roller and a smooth roller which are opposite in position and opposite in transmission direction; the direction of the needling roller is the same as the feeding direction; the rotating speed of the needling roller and the smooth roller is 1200 r/min, the needling density of the needling roller is 10 per square centimeter, and the needling length of the needling roller is 15 mm;
s6, paving the bunched bamboo fiber preform obtained in the S5, and then carrying out air flow drying to obtain bunched bamboo fibers with the water content of 13%; finally, sorting the bundled bamboo fibers according to the lengths by using a grid sieve to obtain the lengths d which are respectively equal to or more than 50mm1＜100mm、100mm≤d2D is less than 150mm and less than or equal to 150mm3Long bamboo fibers for three specifications of molding composite materials less than or equal to 250 mm; d1、d2And d3The lengths of the long bamboo fibers for molding the composite material are respectively.
The properties of the long bamboo fibers for the molded composite material prepared in this example:
d is not less than 150mm3The long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material with the thickness less than or equal to 250mm accounts for 35 percent of the total weight, the average fineness is 74 mu m, the average tensile breaking force value of the fiber is 121N, the average breaking strength is 226MPa, and the tensile modulus is 19.1 GPa.
D is not less than 100mm2The long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material with the thickness less than 150mm accounts for 45 percent of the total weight, the average fineness is 51 mu m, the average tensile breaking force value of the fiber is 97N, the average breaking strength is 266MPa, and the tensile modulus is 25.8 GPa.
D is not more than 50mm1The long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material with the thickness less than 100mm accounts for 20 percent of the total weight, the average fineness is 39 mu m, the average tensile breaking force value of the fiber is 62N, the average breaking strength is 294MPa, and the tensile modulus is 29.7 GPa.
In the embodiment, bamboo chips are rolled and loosened to be treated in cooperation with an enzyme preparation, the biological enzyme in the embodiment is mainly separated and purified from the bamboo basic tissue, is more suitable for enzymolysis and decomposition of the bamboo basic tissue, but has low activity, and can improve the activity of the biological enzyme and promote the effect of decomposing the bamboo basic tissue by the biological enzyme by matching with xylanase and pectinase; the basic tissue in the bamboo chips is broken through rolling, the contact area between the enzyme preparation and the basic tissue is enlarged, the decomposition of the basic tissue in the bamboo chips is promoted through the treatment of the enzyme preparation, the bonding force between the basic tissue and the fiber bundles is further weakened, and finally the bamboo fiber bundles with longer length and high tensile strength are separated through opening and pulling, so that the basic tissue (namely the thin-wall tissue) among the fiber bundles can be removed, the internal of the bundle-shaped bamboo fiber is prevented from being excessively damaged, the long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material is prevented from being separated into single fibers, and the obtained long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material has long length, fine fineness, high tensile strength and high breaking strength.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing long bamboo fibers for molding composite materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, bamboo wood pretreatment: cutting fresh bamboo, cutting off joints to obtain a bamboo tube, cutting the bamboo tube into 4-8 pieces, removing tabasheer side, and reserving green side to obtain bamboo pieces;
s2, bamboo chip rolling: rolling the bamboo chips obtained in the step S1 in the forward direction by adopting three-stage smooth roller rolling equipment, and washing the bamboo chips by using clear water in the rolling process to finally obtain loose bamboo strips; the rolling process conditions are as follows: rolling the bamboo chips under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 3.2-4.3 mm in sequence, then rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 1.8-2.2 mm, and finally rolling under the condition that the distance between the rollers is 0.7-1 mm;
s3, preparation of an enzyme preparation: removing vascular bundles of bamboo wood to obtain a bamboo wood basic tissue, grinding the bamboo wood basic tissue into bamboo wood basic tissue powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 50 mu m, adding the bamboo wood basic tissue powder and a strain into the leaching solution, and fermenting for 24-28 h at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material; adding the fermentation material into physiological saline with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, shaking and extracting for 1-2 h at room temperature, filtering by using gauze, centrifuging the filtrate for 10-20 min under the condition that the rotation speed is 4000-5000 r/min, taking supernatant to obtain enzyme crude liquid, and then separating and purifying the enzyme crude liquid to obtain biological enzyme; uniformly mixing the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and water to obtain an enzyme preparation; the strain is bacillus, aspergillus niger or aspergillus oryzae; the leaching liquor is a citric acid-phosphate buffer solution, an acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution or a malonic acid-sodium malonate buffer solution;
s4, bamboo tape enzyme treatment: adding glucose into the enzyme preparation obtained in S3, standing for 2h at room temperature to activate the enzyme preparation, soaking the bamboo strip obtained in S2 in the activated enzyme preparation at 25-35 ℃ for 1.5-2 h, centrifuging for 30S at the rotation speed of 1500-2500 r/min, standing for 1-30 min, centrifuging for 30S at the rotation speed of 1500-2500 r/min, and standing for 1h to take out the bamboo strip to obtain the enzyme-treated bamboo strip;
s5, bamboo strip opening: washing the bamboo tape subjected to enzyme treatment in the step S4, draining, and then using an opener to pull out the bundled long fibers from the bamboo tape to obtain a bundled bamboo fiber preform with the length of 50-250 mm; the upper surface and the lower surface of the opener are respectively provided with a needling roller and a smooth roller which are opposite in position and opposite in transmission direction, and the direction of rotation of the needling roller is the same as the feeding direction;
and S6, paving the bunched bamboo fiber preform obtained in the S5, and then carrying out air flow drying to obtain the long bamboo fiber for the molding composite material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the bamboo chips in S1 is 4.5mm to 6 mm; the water content of the bamboo chips is 70-80%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight loss of the bamboo tape in S2 is 15-25%, and the weight gain of the bamboo tape after absorbing water is 27-37%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the bamboo basic tissue powder, the strain and the leaching solution in S3 is 1000: (1-5): 100.
5. The method for preparing long bamboo fibers for molding composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the biological enzyme, the xylanase, the pectinase and the water in the enzyme preparation in S3 is (3.5-4): (0.5-1): (0.5-1): 1000.
6. The method for preparing long bamboo fiber for molding composite material according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the specific activity of the biological enzyme in S3 is 4900U/g-5700U/g, and the specific activity of the xylanase is not less than 1.5 x 104U/g, specific activity of pectinase is more than or equal to 3 multiplied by 103U/g。
7. The method for preparing long bamboo fiber for molding composite material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation to the glucose in S4 is 1: 1.
8. the method of claim 1, wherein the needling rolls and the smoothing rolls in S5 rotate at 1200 rpm, the needling density of the needling rolls is 10 counts per square centimeter, and the needling length of the needling rolls is 15 mm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the water content of the long bamboo fiber for molding composite material in S6 is 10% to 13%.
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CN112976195B (en) * 2021-03-08 2022-03-25 浙江省林业科学研究院 Preparation method of bundle-shaped bamboo fibers by wall-breaking separation
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