CN102206874B - Degumming method of flax and enzyme preparation for using in degumming - Google Patents
Degumming method of flax and enzyme preparation for using in degumming Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a degumming method of flax, comprising the following steps: adjusting the PH value of water to 8.5-9.5, heating to 20-55 DEG C, adding the enzyme preparation composed of hemicellulase and alkaline pectinase with enzyme activity of 50-5000 U/ml in the water to obtain a mixed solution, adding flax in the heated mixed solution to ret and degum, and drying, cultivating and scotching the degummed flax to obtain linen fibers. The invention also provides an enzyme preparation for degumming of the flax, comprising hemicellulase and alkaline pectinase with enzyme activity of 50-5000 U/ml. According to the invention, by using the enzyme preparation for degumming, the degumming time is short, the intensity of the scotched flax is high, the yielding of linen fibers is high, the evenness is good, the operation is simple without the process of bacteria producing enzyme, and degumming waste can be reused or discharged to farmland so as to reduce the cost of industrialization of degumming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flax degumming field, be specifically related to a kind of flax degumming method and come unstuck use enzyme preparation.
Background technology
Flax is ancient bast fiber crop, originates from the Near East, Mediterranean.The Neolithic Age before more than 5000 years, the Switzerland lake perch people and ancient egypt people, linum usitatissimum is also with its fibrous woven dress material.Linen fibre has that pulling force is strong, soft, fineness is good, conduction is weak, the features such as aproll is fast, expansion rate is large that absorb water, can high-count yarn spun, make senior dress material.Flax is the same with all bast fiber crops, in cell membrane and intercellular layer, contain water-fast derivative pectic substance, due to the stickiness of described derivative pectic substance itself, can the bond fixing parenchymatous cell of bast zone and bast fiber cell, make it to be formed as an organic whole.The object that flax straw comes unstuck is exactly that fibre bundle tissue separates from straw by plastidogenetic bast fiber fibre bundle tissue pectic substance around being decomposed, bast zone being separated with layer of wood.Should be not destroyed and connect filamentary pectin in fibre bundle.
It is the main method that domestic and international industrial flax straw comes unstuck that warm water retting comes unstuck, and it is that former stem is put into 30m
3～50m
3retted fibre pond in, put into clear water and be warmed to 32 DEG C～35 DEG C, make microbial reproduction, through 3～5 days, microorganism was decomposed pectic substance in straw, and fibre bundle is separated with layer of wood.Rain and dew degumming method is laid in former stem on field, under solar radiation and rain and dew soak, by the breeding of nature microorganism, destroys the colloid in straw, and the fibre bundle in straw is separated with layer of wood, reaches the object of coming unstuck.Affecting the principal element that rain and dew come unstuck is the conditions such as temperature, moisture, illumination, 18～30 DEG C of optimum temperatures, usually time 20～30 days.
In warm water retting process, first, mainly the various aerobic microbiologicals of growing nonparasitically upon another plant on straw, in solution, utilize the water-soluble substances discharging in former stem as nutrition, breeding is got up and is started competition rapidly, competition results causes the microbial species of less stable to disappear, and now mainly carries out the fermentation formation lactic acid of the water-soluble material of maceration extract with this class concomitance bacterium of atypia lactic acid bacteria, CO
2and hydrogen.Along with dissolved oxygen in liquid is consumed, nutrients reduces and organic acid accumulation, progressively become the environment that is not suitable for the effect of atypia lactic acid bacteria, the biotic environment of this bacterioid then make way for taking microbes of pectin discomposing as main anaerobe, first be food pectin clostridium, prevailing clostridium felsineum is grown rapidly afterwards, and utilizes the pectase of secretion, and pectin is become to the organic acid such as butyric acid, acetic acid and other organic compounds and gas.Because organic acid in retted fibre water accumulates in a large number, worsen again the breeding environment of microbes of pectin discomposing, therefore, the warm water retting cycle is long, and 30-32 DEG C needs 100-124h, and the while is due to the existence of other miscellaneous bacteria in epiphytic microorganism and surrounding environment, in retted fibre process, in producing the pectase of decompose pectin matter, also association produces cellulase, and cellulase produces damage to linen fibre.Therefore traditional retted fibre has the following disadvantages: the retted fibre cycle is long, and fiber strength is impaired, causes the decline of scutched line quality and flax long fiber row yielding low.
Also report recently by cultivation or the recycling of biological bacteria to come flax degumming.But the cultivation of bacterium and mechanism are very complicated, wayward, this is easy to produce miscellaneous bacteria in the process of coming unstuck, and affects product quality.Meanwhile, if residual large number of biological bacterium deactivation is improper in the waste water after flax degumming, in the time of discharge of wastewater, can cause secondary pollution to environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of flax degumming method is provided and comes unstuck and use enzyme preparation, and the cycle of coming unstuck is short, after coming unstuck, fibre strength is high, flax long fiber row yielding is high, and degumming waste water is pollution-free can reuse or for irrigated farmland, reduce cost.
In order to overcome the above problems, the invention provides a kind of flax degumming method, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Regulating the pH value of water is 8.5～9.5, is then heated to 20 DEG C～55 DEG C;
The composite enzyme preparation of alkaline pectase that is 50～5000U/mL by hemicellulase and enzyme activity is added to the water, and obtains mixed solution;
Flax is put into the mixed solution after described heating, start retted fibre and come unstuck;
By the flax after described coming unstuck dry, health, scutching, obtain linen fibre.
Preferably, described hemicellulase is at least made up of the one in following enzyme: zytase, mannonase dextranase.
Preferably, the enzyme activity of described zytase is 2000U/mL～50000U/mL, mannase 3000U/mL～50000U/mL, dextranase 2000U/mL～50000U/mL.
Preferably, the bath raio of described flax and water is 1: 10～15.
Preferably, described usually time is 30h～80h.
Preferably, described enzyme preparation is 20～80: 4500～5500 with the ratio of flax quality.
Preferably, the amount of coming unstuck of described flax is 4500kg/ pond～5500kg/ pond.
A kind of flax degumming enzyme preparation, comprising: the alkaline pectase that hemicellulase and enzyme activity are 50U/mL～5000U/mL.
Preferably, described hemicellulase is at least made up of the one in following enzyme: zytase, mannonase dextranase.
Preferably, the enzyme activity of described zytase is 2000U/mL～50000U/mL, mannase 3000U/mL～50000U/mL, dextranase 2000U/mL～50000U/mL.
The invention provides a kind of flax degumming method, comprising: regulating the pH value of water is 7～9.5, is then heated to 20 DEG C～55 DEG C; The composite enzyme preparation of alkaline pectase that is 50～5000U/mL by hemicellulase and enzyme activity is added to the water, and obtains mixed solution; Flax is put into the mixed solution after described heating, start retted fibre and come unstuck; By the flax after described coming unstuck dry, health, scutching, obtain linen fibre.Flax degumming method provided by the invention, is used enzyme preparation to come unstuck, and usually time is short, the high flax long fiber of scutched line intensity row yielding is high, and bar makes a good job of, simple to operate, produce enzyme process without bacterium, farmland can be reused or flow back to degumming waste water, reduced the industrialized cost of flax degumming.The present invention also provides a kind of flax degumming enzyme preparation, comprising: the alkaline pectase that hemicellulase and enzyme activity are 50U/mL～5000U/mL.Flax degumming enzyme preparation provided by the invention, compound method is simple, and enzyme activity is stable.
Detailed description of the invention
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the preferred embodiments of the invention are described, but should be appreciated that these are described is the restriction for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention instead of patent of the present invention being required.
Linen fibre is present in the former stem of flax, is connected by its boundling and with layer of wood by pectic substance, in order to obtain linen fibre, must remove part pectin and whole layer of wood in flax straw, and remainder is broken up, and obtains linen fibre.The present invention uses enzyme preparation that flax degumming is obtained to the linen fibre that quality is more stable according to this principle.
A kind of method that the invention provides flax degumming, comprising: regulating the pH value of water is 7～9.5, is then heated to 20 DEG C～55 DEG C;
The composite enzyme preparation of alkaline pectase that is 50～5000U/mL by hemicellulase and enzyme activity is added to the water, and obtains mixed solution;
Flax is put into the mixed solution after described heating, start retted fibre and come unstuck;
By the flax after described coming unstuck dry, health, scutching, obtain linen fibre.
According to the present invention, flax is dried at ambient temperature from the harvesting of farmland, chooses full flax straw bundle bundled, for subsequent use.Regulating the pH value of water with caustic soda is 8.5～9.5, then slowly heats described adjusting pH value water afterwards, and temperature remains between 20 DEG C～55 DEG C, is preferably 30 DEG C～40 DEG C.Again enzyme preparation and described water are mixed to get to mixed solution.According to the present invention, described enzyme preparation is the composite enzyme preparation making of alkaline pectase that hemicellulase and enzyme activity are 50～5000U/mL, and the dextranase that the mannonase enzyme activity that the zytase that described hemicellulase is preferably 2000U/mL～50000U/mL by enzyme activity, enzyme activity are 3000U/mL～50000U/mL is 2000U/mL～50000U/mL forms.Described enzyme preparation preferred disposition method is composite for alkaline pectase, zytase, mannonase dextranase, water are carried out according to target enzyme energy value, and the enzyme preparation obtaining must compound above-mentioned enzyme activity scope can reach the object of coming unstuck.Slowly stir, the enzyme preparation in mixed solution is uniformly dispersed.
According to the present invention, preprepared flax is put into described mixed solution after adding enzyme preparation, the bath raio of flax and water is preferably 1: 10～and 15, more preferably 1: 13～14.Be 20～80: 4500～5500 more preferably 40～60: 5000～5200 according to the addition of enzyme preparation of the present invention and the ratio of flax treating capacity.Mix upset flax, flax is uniformly impregnated within enzymes soln, start retting and come unstuck.The principle that described retting is come unstuck is exactly to utilize enzyme preparation to act on the pectin and layer of wood in flax straw, catalytic decomposition part pectin, and making flax bast zone and layer of wood is that flax waste of flax is separated into loose structure.Described retting usually time is preferably 30h～80h, more preferably 40h～60h.The color of the water in mixture is along with the growth of time is constantly deepened, and falx straw swell becomes original 2～3 times, and separates gradually with bast zone, and pectin is hydrolyzed, exposed fiber layer.Retting is come unstuck in process, constantly observe temperature, controls retting and comes unstuck temperature in prescribed limit, and the enzyme that all can cause too high or too low for temperature loses vigor.
After retting has been come unstuck, water in mixture becomes grass green by the water white transparency before coming unstuck, sampling observation waste of flax separates with bast part, can easily extract waste of flax out from one end time, can stop coming unstuck, the flax of coming unstuck after finishing is dried and obtains scapus, because being also has part pectin to exist and depart from layer of wood between the linen fibre partly coming unstuck at this moment, make linen fibre form boundling shape.Again described scapus is deposited in to 18h～24h together, this process is called health, and the regain of the scapus after health can be controlled at 14%～16%.By the scapus after health after the fluted roll extruding of broken stem scutching combination machine, layer of wood and epidermis etc. in stem are crushed, beat through scraping of vane-type hired roughneck again, removal invests wooden, epidermis and the various impurity of fiber appearance, obtain long, cleaner fiber, flax long fiber is called again scutched line, the fiber that when scutching, colloid is destroyed severely, length is too short, and rescutched tow is named again two thick.
Of the present invention for clearer and more definite elaboration, below embodiment of the present invention are described with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Raw material is chosen: adopt Anxiang, Hunan to produce winter flax, deposit more than 1 year, go mouldy on a small quantity.
Choose full flax straw bundle bundled.To injected water in the pond of coming unstuck, regulating the pH value of water is 8.5, and slowly heating to 32 DEG C and be incubated, then obtains mixed solution to injecting enzyme preparation 40kg in the pond of coming unstuck.Take 5000kg and put into the pond of coming unstuck, make mixed solution soak into flax completely.The bath raio of flax and water is 1: 13, starts retting and comes unstuck.After 60h, flax is pulled out from pond.
Flax that retting has been come unstuck is dried and obtains scapus.Described scapus is deposited in to health 18h together.After scapus health, get machine scutching in 100kg sample, to the performance test of the linen fibre obtaining as shown in sample in table 11.
Embodiment 2
Degumming method according to embodiment 1 comes unstuck to flax, and enzyme dosage is 60kg/ pond, and the linen fibre performance test obtaining is as shown in sample in table 12.
Embodiment 3
Degumming method according to embodiment 1 comes unstuck to flax, and enzyme dosage is 80kg/ pond, and the linen fibre performance test obtaining is as shown in sample in table 13.
Embodiment 4
Do not use enzyme preparation to come unstuck, the retting time is 105h, and the linen fibre performance test obtaining is as shown in sample in table 14.
The contrast of the different enzyme preparation consumptions of table 1 to linen fibre intensity and long fiber output
| Intensity N | Long fiber kg | |
| Sample 1 | 178 | 14 |
| Sample 2 | 185 | 13.3 |
| Sample 3 | 180 | 14.7 |
| Sample 4 | 155 | 12 |
In process of the test, we regularly extract sample and observe, and in 24h, water body color 80kg is darker with enzyme, more shallow with enzyme 40kg, does not have the most shallow enzyme-added and straw to change not obvious; After 48h, in the pond of above three interpolation enzymes, water color is more approaching, more than not having enzyme-added color to firmly get, sampling can be found the severity of cane swollen, uses record book in accordion form broken stipe, cane and fiber most of from, only have a small amount of fiber to stick on cane, and do not have a small amount of separation of only having of enzyme-added liquid; After 60h, we confirm that cane separates with numb skin, can extract boon out from flax straw one end with hand, now go out pond.And do not have enzyme-added liquid just start separate, after 105h, start pond.
Embodiment 5
Raw material is chosen: adopt Anxiang, Hunan to produce winter flax, deposit more than 1 year, go mouldy on a small quantity.
Use the method for embodiment 1 to come unstuck to flax, the temperature of coming unstuck is 25 DEG C, after scapus health, gets machine scutching in 100kg sample, and the linen fibre determination data obtaining is as shown in the sample 1 in table 2.
Embodiment 6
Use the method for embodiment 1 to come unstuck to flax, the temperature of coming unstuck is 31 DEG C, after scapus health, gets machine scutching in 100kg sample, and the linen fibre determination data obtaining is as shown in the sample 2 in table 2.
Embodiment 7
Use the method for embodiment 1 to come unstuck to flax, the temperature of coming unstuck is 37 DEG C, after scapus health, gets machine scutching in 100kg sample, and the linen fibre determination data obtaining is as shown in the sample 3 in table 2.
The contrast of temperature same enzyme preparation consumption to linen fibre intensity and long fiber output of coming unstuck of table 2 difference
| Long fiber/kg | Brute force/N |
| Sample 1 | 12.8 | 162 |
| Sample 2 | 14.2 | 178 |
| Sample 3 | 14.6 | 185 |
In process of the test, the natural temperature that embodiment 5 directly extracts from pond is 25 DEG C, does not need to heat.Embodiment 6 heats to 32 DEG C, is incubated situation midway better, does not substantially heat up again.Embodiment 3 is because the temperature difference is larger, and need heat up once every day.Can find from sampling, temperature is very large on retted fibre impact, changes difference not obvious in 24h; After 48h, separating obviously appears in the cane that temperature is high; After 60h, disconnected with record book in accordion form, cane brittle failure, can go out pond substantially, and just having started of low temperature separates, and last, the retting time is respectively 115h, 75h, 60h.
Embodiment 8
The recycling test of retted fibre water:
According to the preservation curve of enzyme and the biological characteristics of enzyme, come unstuck after 40h-60h, residue raffinate still remains with a part of biologically active, we test, and utilize waste liquid to add 50% consumption (being 20kg/ pond) and again adjust pH=8.5, temperature 36-38 DEG C; bath raio 1: 13, again retting.
Through observing, the process of retted fibre there is no obvious difference with new enzyme liquid, goes out pond after 60h, after scapus health, gets machine test in 10kg sample, and flax long fiber is 1.4kg, and powerful 181N reaches the QUALITY STANDARD of new enzyme liquid, and the recycling that proves enzyme is feasible.
Relatively traditional retted fibre, retted fibre time shorten 50%～80% of the present invention, scutched line intensity improves 15%～20%. can reach 185N.
Overall economic efficiency is analyzed as follows:
Table 3 the present invention and the contrast of traditional flax degumming method production cost
Flax long fiber that breaks into per ton increases by 1169 yuan of direct production costs.
The contrast of flax long fiber row yielding:
From test, use biology enzyme retted fibre, fibre strength is obviously improved, flax long fiber fibre percentage raising 1.2%～1.5%, and flax long fiber and two thick price differences are at 10,000 yuan/ton.
Therefore, increase benefit: 1000 yuan/ton.
Scutched line number number improves the impact on profit:
With biological enzyme degumming, scutched line intensity improves 12%～15%, and number number improves 1～1.5, the more than No. 16 every raising of flax long fiber one number, and price improves 15000 yuan/ton of left and right.
Comprehensive benefit=15000+1000-1169 unit=1331 yuan/ton,
By processing 100,000 tons of scapus certain enterprise's year at present, produce 10,000 tons and break into flax long fiber meter, can be 1.33 hundred million yuan of profits of the annual creation of enterprise.
Social benefit is analyzed as follows:
Flax straw biological enzyme degumming is a kind of green processes craft, and it significantly shortens usually time, and degumming water can reuse, water saving, energy-conservation, reduce discharging obviously., significantly improve the quality of products meanwhile, promoted the product competitiveness of flax processing overall technology level.Particularly the self-sufficiency of flax raw material has had the support of technology, for the development of China's linen textile technique is laid a good foundation.
Bacterium is come unstuck relatively, and advantage of the present invention is:
Shorten usually time.The principle that bacterium is come unstuck is that bacterium produces enzyme, and enzyme comes unstuck.The present invention has reduced the link that bacterium produces enzyme, has shortened the corresponding time.Targetedly, controllability is strong.The process that bacterium produces enzyme is quite complicated biological fermentation process.Be allowed to condition at spontaneous carrying out between numb farmland, very uncontrollable.The present invention's biology enzyme, has avoided its complicated sweat on the one hand; Refined biometric enzyme class alternative is very strong on the other hand.Economic benefit adopts bacterium to come unstuck without enterprise because of present stage, does not carry out relatively.
Above to a kind of flax degumming method provided by the invention and come unstuck and be described in detail by enzyme preparation; having applied specific case herein sets forth principle of the present invention and embodiment; the explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; should be understood that; for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a flax degumming method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Regulating the pH value of water is 8.5～9.5, is then heated to 20 DEG C～55 DEG C;
The composite enzyme preparation of alkaline pectase that is 50～5000U/mL by hemicellulase and enzyme activity is added to the water, and obtains mixed solution;
Flax is put into the mixed solution after described heating, start retted fibre and come unstuck; Described enzyme preparation is 20～80:4500～5500 with the ratio of flax quality;
By the flax after described coming unstuck dry, health, scutching, obtain linen fibre.
2. flax degumming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described hemicellulase is at least made up of the one in following enzyme: zytase, mannonase dextranase.
3. flax degumming method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the enzyme activity of described zytase is 2000U/mL～50000U/mL, mannase 3000U/mL～50000U/mL, dextranase 2000U/mL～50000U/mL.
4. flax degumming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bath raio of described flax and water is 1:10～15.
5. flax degumming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described usually time is 30h～80h.
6. flax degumming method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the amount of coming unstuck of described flax is 4500kg/ pond～5500kg/ pond.
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| CN102925991A (en) * | 2012-11-22 | 2013-02-13 | 新申集团有限公司 | Method for degumming flax roving by using biological enzyme |
| CN103397391B (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 宏大研究院有限公司 | A kind of biological enzyme degumming method of linen fibre |
| CN103881998A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-06-25 | 天津科技大学 | Compound stabilizer of improving heat stability of alkaline pectinase preparation and application as well as method of degumming China-hemp by using compound stabilizer |
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| CN107740195A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-02-27 | 新申集团有限公司 | A kind of flax roving pre-treatment degumming tech |
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| CN110777131B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2023-03-14 | 东莞市蓝天创达化工有限公司 | Application of biological enzyme in hemp and related textile fabric finishing |
| CN111379034A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-07 | 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Enzyme method flax retting technology |
| CN113684542A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-11-23 | 穆棱市金泰恒亚麻纺织有限公司 | Flax yarn fiber refining and impurity removing process |
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