CN111393869A - 含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料,制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料,制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111393869A CN111393869A CN202010259661.1A CN202010259661A CN111393869A CN 111393869 A CN111393869 A CN 111393869A CN 202010259661 A CN202010259661 A CN 202010259661A CN 111393869 A CN111393869 A CN 111393869A
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- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- RJTQETWCPOVCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-phenylethynyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 RJTQETWCPOVCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
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- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VUZZOBOQYBFZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 4-(2-phenylethynyl)naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C(=C1)C#CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)OC VUZZOBOQYBFZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXUHJLZPSUSENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethynyl]-7-methylnaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=CC(=C2C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC)C#CC3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl NXUHJLZPSUSENM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料和有机合成中间体,制备方法及其应用研究。
背景技术
荧光颜料在塑料制品、溶胶、纸质、着色剂、染料、油漆、涂料、纤维制品、纺织品等等的着色方面有着优异的染色表现力。在自然条件下,甚至在黎明,黄昏,霜雾气候,投射等光线条件下,荧光光泽的可见性相较于传统染色剂的色泽要好的多。荧光染料的强度高,色泽多样,荧光效应好,荧光染料的这些特点越来越广泛的商业兴趣,并获得越来越广泛的商业应用。传统的荧光染料对pH变化敏感,荧光强度低于近似波长的对应染料,可耐受范围小,而含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料在此方面得到改良。
本发明专利含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料属于荧光素类染料,是一类具有较多苯环和共轭体系的化合物,通过一锅法产生苯乙炔基萘的稠环化合物可作为有机反应中间体,其化合物中含有单炔键可与其他含不饱和键化合物进一步环化,该类底物具有耐药性,在天然产物、药物和设计材料的合成中都可作为优异中间体,是许多天然产品和药品的出色构建基块,是合成药物的重要中间体。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料和有机合成中间体,制备方法及其应用研究。本发明以芳香酮类化合物和芳香炔类化合物为原料制成炔醇化合物、炔醇化合物再与二酸二酯在Lewis酸的催化下通过一锅法发生反应类似狄尔斯-阿尔德反应。发明叙述了一种反应简单、选择性较好、反应体系稳定、产率较高的合成含苯乙炔基萘的染料或药物中间体的新方法,实现了一种催化剂多步催化制备目标化合物的新工艺。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料和有机合成中间体,所述化合物化学结构式为:
其中,取代基R1为H、CmH2m+1、CmH2m-1、 CmH2m-3等烷基或OCH3、NH2等供电子基团中的任意一种;R2为F、Cl、Br、 I、NO2、OCOR、CHO、CH2OR、CO2R、等吸电子基团中的任意一种;R3为CH3、 CmH2m+1等烷基中的任意一种,所述的m是1~20之间的整数;取代基位置、个数以及共轭位置不固定。合成方法为以芳香酮类化合物和芳香炔类化合物为原料制成炔醇化合物、炔醇化合物再与二酸二酯在Lewis酸的催化下通过一锅法发生反应类似狄尔斯-阿尔德反应。合成所述的方法,所述方法包括以下合成路径:
所述方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一,氮气保护下,向反应瓶中加入化合物2,THF,搅拌后降温至 -25℃-10℃,逐滴加入n-BuLi,通过滴加的方式,有效的降低了丁基锂的反应浓度,且其在体系中的浓度更加均匀,使得反应更加平稳温和,降低了由于瞬间剧烈反应而导致的体系温度剧变所带来的对反应的不利,有利于中间产物的形成。在此温度下反应一段时间(优选反应时间为0.5-1h),再在室温下继续反应一段时间(优选反应时间为0.5-1h);再次降温至-25℃-10℃,逐滴加入化合物1,继续反应一段时间(优选反应时间为2-4h);经过反复多次的降温处理反应,有利于放热反应的进行,促使反应温和、正向进行,从而使反应进行的更加彻底,中间体的产率增加,转化率提高。
步骤二,利用TLC点板检测步骤一的反应结束点(利用TLC点板检测,每隔1h点板,点板时发现原料化合物1的点消失,并且在原料点上方或下方有新点生成,停止反应,反应时间3-4h),反应液在经乙酸乙酯与水的混合溶液萃取,使所得产物充分溶于乙酸乙酯中(产物在乙酸乙酯中溶解性好),溶剂溶于水中,通过此操作可除去其他的有机杂质,从而达到粗提纯的目的,再将所得有机层进行旋蒸、柱层析分离,收集得到产物3;经过系列操作得到的化合物更加纯净,在投入下一步反应中时使得后一反应产生的副产物更少。
步骤三,将产物3、化合物4、SnCl2和甲苯混合后搅拌,在110℃-120℃下回流反应一段时间(优选反应时间为10h-17h),TLC点板检测反应结束点(利用TLC点板检测,反应15min后点板,会发现有一荧光点生成,点板发现当原料3点消失后,反应结束),柱层析分离,收集产物5,即为目标化合物。在优选温度110℃下能得到较高的产率,说明该化合物在加热的情况下仍能稳定存在,而在提高加热温度后发现,产率依然可以保持恒定,说明该化合物结构稳定,受高温的影响也并不明显,可见该化合物对热具有一定的耐受性的,这将是该化合物得以应用的优势之处。并且该反应体系为酸性体系,pH值在1-2的范围内,目标化合物依然可以保持稳定,该反应体系整个过程中都没有做任何避光措施,也就是都是在有光的环境下反应的,依然可以以很高的收率得到目标化合物,说明该化合物对酸和光照都有很好的耐受性。综上所述,该目标化合物对温度,酸性和光照等具有很好的耐受性,具有很大的应用潜力。
所述步骤一中化合物1,化合物2,催化剂n-BuLi的投料摩尔比为0.9-2.0:1.0-2.5:1.0-1.5。进一步优选为中化合物1,化合物2,催化剂n-BuLi的投料摩尔比为0.9:1.5:1.1。
所述步骤一的溶解温度为25℃;反应温度为-25℃。
步骤二中水和乙酸乙酯的体积比为1:1.5-3。
步骤三中产物3、化合物4、SnCl2的摩尔比为0.1-1.5:1.5-2.5:0.1-3.0。所述步骤(3)中所述的步骤三中产物3、化合物4、SnCl2的摩尔比为0.1-1.5: 1.5-2.5:0.1-3.0。作为优选方案,所述的化合物3,化合物4,催化剂SnCl2的投料摩尔比为0.1:2.0:0.1。
所述步骤三的溶解温度为45℃;反应温度为110℃,溶剂为甲苯。
所述的任意一项所述的含一种含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料和有机合成中间体在染料着色和化合物合成等方面的应用。
本发明有益效果如下:
1、本发明首次公开了以路易斯酸催化,通过一锅法在短时间内合成含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料和有机合成中间体的制备路线。该方法操作简单,副产物少,反应速度快,反应在110℃甚至更高温度下仍可以稳定进行,不发生分解,且不影响催化剂的活性,反应后处理简单,有较高的使用价值。
2、本发明制备了一类新的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料和有机合成中间体,反应环境为:在高温、强酸和光照的条件下长时间反应,反应收率高,且分离效果佳,提供了一种制备成本低、操作简单且反应效率高的制备新方法。
3、本发明制备了一类新的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料和有机合成中间体,该反应过程中,其反应环境是在不避光,不隔绝氧、pH=1-2,反应温度在110℃-130℃的条件下反应17h-24h(最长反应时间为42h),所得产物仍稳定不分解,选择少量SnCl2、TsOH等强酸性Lewis酸催化剂在短时间内便具有良好的催化效果,通过实验的反应条件可知,该荧光染料具有耐受性好,不易受光、温度、pH的影响等优点。该类化合物还被应用于自动化领域及高科技领域,还被用于光学鉴别等。比如,标码,跟踪和分拣文件,邮件抢救等。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的产品的氢谱图。
图2为实施例1的产品的碳谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例来进一步说明本发明,但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围。
仪器及试剂:
SHZ-E型循环水式真空泵(上海荣亚生化学仪器厂);DZE-6120型真空干燥箱(上海恒天科学仪器制造公司);WRS-1A数字熔点仪(上海索光光电技术有限公司);EB2005A电子天平;ZF-I型三用紫外分析仪;DE-102J集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(巩义市华发化学仪器厂);DFX-5L/30低温恒温反应浴(无锡市百川仪器厂);2YZ-4A型旋片式真空油泵(临海市永昊真空设备厂)。甲苯(AR),氯化亚锡(AR),正丁基锂(AR),四氢呋喃(AR),苯乙酮(AR),苯乙炔(AR),丁炔二酸二甲酯(AR),蒸馏水(AR),石油醚(AR),乙酸乙酯(AR),工业用氮气(AR)。
下面结合实施例来进一步说明本发明,但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围。
仪器及试剂:
熔点用X4型熔点仪(北京第三光学仪器厂生产)测定,温度计未经校正;1H NMR和13C NMR用Varian Mercury 400型400MHz核磁共振仪或者Varian Mercury 600型600MHz核磁共振仪测定,氘代氯仿(CDCl3)或者氘代二甲亚砜(DMSO-d6)为溶剂,TMS为内标;MS使用FinniganTrace质谱仪测定;元素分析使用Vario EL III元素分析仪测定;所用试剂为国产(或进口)化学纯或分析纯。溶剂甲苯是干燥过的。
实施例1
一种制备dimethyl 4-(phenylethynyl)naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylate的方法,包括以下实验步骤:
氮气保护下,在250mL Schlenk瓶中加入苯乙炔2(3.96mL,36mmol, 1.5eq),THF(120ml),THF在使用前应进行重蒸,搅拌几分钟后,降温至-25℃,逐滴加入n-BuLi(11mL,26.4mmol,1.1eq),并在此温度下反应0.5h,撤去反应瓶,在室温下继续反应0.5h,反应液为淡黄色液体。降温至-25℃,逐滴加入苯乙酮1(2.56mL,22mmol,0.9eq),继续反应3h。利用TLC点板检测,每隔 1h点板,会发现原料苯乙酮的点消失后,并且在原料点下方有新点生成,反应时间约4h。反应结束后,将反应液用水20mL和乙酸乙酯30mL萃取、有机层旋蒸,得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,过滤收集产物2,4-二苯基-3- 炔-2-醇3。取一干净的反应瓶,加入2,4-二苯基-3-炔-2-醇3(0.44g,2mmol, 1.0eq),丁炔二酸二甲酯4(0.57g,4mmol,2.0eq),SnCl2(0.22g,1mmol, 0.1eq)和甲苯(20mL)开始搅拌,在110℃下回流反应12h。利用TLC点板检测,反应10min后点板,会发现有一绿色荧光点生成,当原料3点消失后,反应结束。得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,收集产物点,旋蒸后得化合物4-(苯乙炔基)萘-1,2-二甲酸二甲酯5,产量为0.76g。
氢谱:
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ(ppm)8.50(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),8.31(s,1H),7.90 (d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.73(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.69–7.62(m,3H),7.46–7.39(m,3H), 4.09(s,3H),3.98(s,3H).
碳谱:
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.18,165.69,134.74,131.78,129.28, 129.22,128.92,128.52,128.19,126.57,124.40,122.69,96.08,86.23,52.99, 52.81.
GC-MS(ESI):m/z:计算值:344.3611;实验值:344.0000
实施例2
一种制备dimethyl 4-((4-chlorophenyl)ethynyl)-7- methylnaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylate的方法,包括以下实验步骤:
氮气保护下,在250mL Schlenk瓶中加入4-氯苯乙炔2(3.97mL,36mmol,1.5eq),THF(120ml),THF在使用前应进行重蒸,搅拌几分钟后,降温至-25℃,逐滴加入n-BuLi(11mL,26.4mmol,1.1eq),并在此温度下反应0.5h,撤去反应瓶,在室温下继续反应0.5h,降温至-25℃,逐滴加入4-甲基苯乙酮1(2.94mL, 22mmol,0.9eq),继续反应3h。利用TLC点板检测,每隔1h点板,会发现原料4-甲基苯乙酮的点消失后有新点生成,反应时间约3h。反应结束后,将反应液用水20mL和乙酸乙酯30mL萃取、有机层旋蒸,得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,旋蒸收集产物4-(4-氯苯基)-2-(对甲苯基)-3-炔-2-醇3。取一干净的反应瓶,加入化合物3(0.54g,2mmol,1.0eq),丁炔二酸二甲酯4 (0.57g,4mmol,2.0eq),SnCl2(0.22g,1mmol,0.1eq)和甲苯(20mL) 开始搅拌,在110℃下回流反应12h。利用TLC点板检测,反应10min后点板,会发现有一荧光点生成,当原料3点消失后,反应结束。得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,收集产物点,旋蒸后得4-((4-氯苯基)乙炔基)-7- 甲基萘-1,2-二甲酸二甲酯5,产量为0.90g。
实施例3
一种制备dimethyl 7-methoxy-4-((4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl) naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylate的方法,包括以下实验步骤:
氮气保护下,在250mL Schlenk瓶中加入4-硝基苯乙炔2(5.29g,36mmol, 1.5eq),THF(120ml),THF在使用前应进行重蒸,搅拌几分钟后,降温至-25℃,逐滴加入n-BuLi(11mL,26.4mmol,1.1eq),并在此温度下反应0.5h,撤去反应瓶,在室温下继续反应0.5h,降温至-25℃,加入4-甲氧基苯乙酮1(3.30g,22 mmol,0.9eq),继续反应3h。利用TLC点板检测,每隔1h点板,会发现原料4-甲氧基苯乙酮的点消失后有新点生成,反应时间约3h。反应结束后,将反应液用水20mL和乙酸乙酯30mL萃取、有机层旋蒸,得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,过滤收集产物2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-(4-硝基苯基)-3-炔-2- 醇3。取一干净的反应瓶,加入化合物3(0.59g,2mmol,1.0eq),丁炔二酸二甲酯4(0.57g,4mmol,2.0eq),SnCl2(0.22g,1mmol,0.1eq)和甲苯(20mL) 开始搅拌,在110℃下回流反应12h。利用TLC点板检测,反应10min后点板,会发现有一荧光点生成,当原料3点消失后,反应结束。得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,收集产物点,旋蒸后得7-甲氧基-4-((4-硝基苯基)乙炔基) 萘-1,2-二甲酸二甲酯5,产量为0.84g。
实施例4
一种制备diethyl 7-methoxy-4-((4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl) naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylate的方法,包括以下实验步骤:
氮气保护下,在250mL Schlenk瓶中加入4-硝基苯乙炔2(5.29g,36mmol, 1.5eq),THF(120ml),THF在使用前应进行重蒸,搅拌几分钟后,降温至-25℃,逐滴加入n-BuLi(11mL,26.4mmol,1.1eq),并在此温度下反应0.5h,撤去反应瓶,在室温下继续反应0.5h,降温至-25℃,加入4-甲氧基苯乙酮1(3.30g,22 mmol,0.9eq),继续反应3h。利用TLC点板检测,每隔1h点板,会发现原料3-氯苯乙酮的点消失后,并且有新点生成,反应时间约3h。反应结束后,将反应液用水20mL和乙酸乙酯30mL萃取、有机层旋蒸,得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,过滤收集产物2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-(4-硝基苯基)-3- 炔-2-醇3。取一干净的反应瓶,加入化合物3(0.54g,2mmol,1.0eq),丁炔二酸二乙酯4(0.68g,4mmol,2.0eq),SnCl2(0.22g,1mmol,0.1eq)和甲苯 (20mL)开始搅拌,在110℃下回流反应12h。利用TLC点板检测,反应10 min后点板,会发现有一荧光点生成,当原料3点消失后,反应结束。得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,收集产物点,旋蒸后得7-甲氧基-4-((4-硝基苯基)乙炔基)萘-1,2-二甲酸二乙酯5产量为0.84g。
本发明提供的含一种含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料和有机合成中间体的应用如下:
本发明的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料属于荧光素类染料,是一类具有较多苯环和共轭体系的化合物,能够与多数抗体蛋白结合,性能稳定,且易于在碱性溶液中呈现蓝绿色的荧光,这类中间体在有机合成中有很大的应用潜力。
本发明提出了以含苯乙炔基萘为有机合成中间体可用于制备蒽类荧光物质和联奈类物质:
其中,取代基R1包括H、CmH2m+1、CmH2m-1、CmH2m-3的烷基或OCH3、NH2任一项的供电子基团;R2包括F、Cl、Br、I、NO2、OCOR、CHO、CH2OR、 CO2R任一项的吸电子基团;R3、R4包括CH3、CmH2m+1的烷基;所述的m是1 ~20之间的整数。
在蒽类荧光物质的具体合成方法如下:
氮气保护下,在25mL Schlenk瓶中加入化合物5(0.345g,1mmol,1eq),甲苯(5ml)和6(0.152g,2mmol,2eq)开始搅拌,在110℃下回流反应2h。利用TLC点板监测,会发现有一很强的荧光点生成,当原料5点消失后,反应结束。得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,收集产物点,旋蒸后得蒽类化合物7,产量为0.193g。
在联奈类荧光物质的具体合成方法如下:
氮气保护下,在25mL Schlenk瓶中加入化合物5(0.345g,1mmol,1eq),甲苯(5ml)和9(0.152g,2mmol,2eq)开始搅拌,在室温下(25℃)反应8h。利用TLC点板监测,会发现有一荧光点生成,当原料5点消失后,反应结束。得到的混合物利用柱层析色谱法进行分离,收集产物点,旋蒸后得联奈类化合物 8,产量为0.315g。
一锅法产生苯乙炔基萘的稠环化合物可作为反应中间体,其化合物中含有单炔键可与其他含不饱和键化合物进一步环化,该类底物具有耐受性,是许多天然产品和化学品的出色构建基块,是合成有机物的重要中间体,此类中间体的应用还需进一步研究和拓展,以达到更好的商用价值。
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料,其特征在于,R1、R2取代基位置及共轭位置不固定。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下合成路径:
步骤一,氮气保护下,向反应瓶中加入化合物2,THF,搅拌后降温至-25℃~-10℃,逐滴加入n-BuLi并在此温度下反应一段时间,再在室温下继续反应一段时间;再次降温至-25℃~-10℃,逐滴加入化合物1,继续反应一段时间;
步骤二,利用TLC点板检测步骤一的反应结束点,反应液经乙酸乙酯与水的混合溶液萃取、旋蒸、柱层析分离,收集产物3;
步骤三,将产物3、化合物4、SnCl2和甲苯混合后搅拌,在110-120℃下回流反应一段时间,TLC点板检测反应结束点,柱层析分离,收集产物5,即为目标化合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中化合物2、n-BuLi、化合物1的摩尔比为1.0-2.5:1.0-1.5:0.8-2.0。
6.根据权利要求4所述的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中水和乙酸乙酯的体积比为1:1.5-3。
7.根据权利要求4所述的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三中产物3、化合物4、SnCl2的摩尔比为0.1-1.5:1.5-2.5:0.1-3.0。
8.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料在制备蒽类荧光物质上的应用。
9.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的含苯乙炔基萘的荧光染料在制备联奈类物质上的应用。
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