CN111391767A - Electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit with centralized and discrete anode collinear structures and power vehicle - Google Patents
Electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit with centralized and discrete anode collinear structures and power vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111391767A CN111391767A CN201910005759.1A CN201910005759A CN111391767A CN 111391767 A CN111391767 A CN 111391767A CN 201910005759 A CN201910005759 A CN 201910005759A CN 111391767 A CN111391767 A CN 111391767A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric appliance short-circuit protection circuit with centralized and discrete anode collinear structures and a power vehicle. The centralized type is suitable for small-sized vehicles, and the discrete type is suitable for large-sized vehicles. The centralized type electric vehicle comprises an instrument, a vehicle front switch, a vehicle front electric appliance, a vehicle rear electric appliance, a positive wire, a negative wire, a vehicle rear electric appliance related wire harness, a converter and a storage battery. The discrete type comprises a master control module, 1-256 controlled modules, 2-256 zone bit electric appliances, a positive pole line, a negative pole line, a communication bus, a converter and a storage battery. The structure is beneficial to reducing the vehicle cost and improving the reliability. The two structures are utilized to realize an electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit with a centralized anode collinear structure, a single-circuit electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit with a discrete anode collinear structure and a multi-circuit electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit with a discrete anode collinear structure.
Description
Technical Field
The automobile electronic technology is particularly applied to the field of power vehicles such as electric vehicles, fuel vehicles, hydrogen fuel vehicles and solar vehicles.
Background
For convenience of description, the present invention defines the following terms:
the 'front switch' refers to all switches near a front instrument of the miniature car, such as a reversing switch, a horn switch, a gear switch, a cruise switch, a wiper switch, a glass water switch, various lamp switches and the like;
"front electrical appliances" refer to all electrical appliances in the vicinity of the front instrument of the scooter, such as: horns, wipers, glass water jets, acoustics, various lamps, etc.;
"electric appliance behind the car" means all electric appliances at the rear of the car, such as: rear wipers, glass heaters, various rear taillights, and the like;
"Master control Module" refers to a module IN the bus control system of the electrical equipment of the large vehicle body that is dominant IN the master-slave communication mode, such as the master module that is dominant IN L IN communication, but IN the multi-master communication mode, such as can communication, there is no master control module and all modules are IN the same position.
"controlled module" refers to a module IN the bus control system of the electrical appliance of the large vehicle body, the module which is led IN the master-slave communication mode, such as the slave module led IN L IN communication;
the 'zone electric appliance' refers to local electric appliances in a bus control system of a large vehicle body, including oil valves, air valves, door control, glass lifting, lamps and the like, and the local electric appliances are very close to each other in position. Such as: a left front steering lamp, a left front width indicating lamp, a left front fog lamp, a left front gift lamp, etc.;
"zone switch" refers to local electrical switches in the electrical bus control system of a large vehicle body, which are located in close proximity. Such as various switches of the combination meter, various switches on the left door, various switches on the right door, and the like. But the switch is not arranged in a plurality of places on the vehicle, and the zone switch is empty;
the 'outgoing line' refers to the connection line of the front electrical appliance, the rear electrical appliance, the front switch and the instrument, or the connection line of the zone bit switch, the zone bit electrical appliance, the master control module and the controlled module;
the "switching tube" generally refers to a Darlington tube, an IGBT tube or an MOS tube. The current inflow end of the controlled circuit is called as the anode for short, and the current outflow end is called as the cathode for short;
the N-type switch tube refers to an N-channel field effect tube, an NPN-type Darlington tube and an NPN-type IGBT tube;
the other intelligent electrical appliance parts refer to the intelligent electrical appliance parts of the discrete anode collinear structure except the master control module or the controlled module, such as electrical appliance parts of a motor controller, a charger, a high-power DC/DC converter, ABS, an air bag, power steering, automatic speed change, an automatic air conditioner, an automatic skylight, a solar controller, a fuel cell stack controller and the like;
"power vehicle" refers to a vehicle driven by power on board, and includes various electric vehicles, fuel vehicles, hydrogen fuel vehicles, solar vehicles, etc.
The traditional structure is that the negative pole is collinear, namely a bond wire. One end of each electric appliance on the vehicle is directly communicated with the negative pole line. But the problem here is that the control of the switches must use a high-side control mode. The switching tubes to be used in the high-end control mode are all p-type. Such as p-channel field effect transistors, pnp-type darlington transistors, pnp-type IGBT transistors. However, these tubes are expensive, have high internal resistance and high heat generation, and have poor reliability. In addition, the wiring of the electric appliance is complex, the short-circuit protection of the electric appliance is difficult to realize, and the vehicle fire is often caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the anodes of all the electric appliances are collinear, and the control can use a low-end control mode, so that an n-type switch tube can be used, the cost is reduced, and the reliability of the switch tube is increased. Because the n-type switch tube is low in price, small in on-resistance, small in heat generation, high in reliability and sufficient in goods source. In addition, the vehicle adopts a bus control system, changes the traditional spider-web type electric appliance wiring into a data communication bus for replacement, and can also greatly reduce the wire head plugs and the using amount of wires. And the short-circuit protection of the electric appliance of the whole vehicle is also conveniently realized, and the occurrence of fire is prevented.
Centralized positive collinear structure:
the electric appliance short-circuit protection circuit with the centralized anode collinear structure comprises an instrument, a motor controller, a vehicle front switch, a vehicle front electric appliance, a vehicle rear electric appliance, an anode wire, a cathode wire, a converter, a storage battery and a large wire.
The large wire comprises a positive wire, a negative wire, a vehicle rear electric appliance related wire harness and a motor controller related wire harness.
The positive line connects the converter, which is the source of the current. However, some small vehicles do not have the converter installed to save cost, and the positive line is connected to the positive electrode of the battery.
The negative wire is connected with the negative electrode of the storage battery.
The positive electrode wire is connected with the electric appliance in front of the vehicle and the electric appliance behind the vehicle, which is the biggest technical characteristic of the invention and is the biggest difference from the traditional mode.
And the other end of the vehicle rear electric appliance is connected to the instrument through a vehicle rear electric appliance associated wire harness.
The front switch is connected with the instrument.
The meter and the motor controller comprise a mcu and a communication interface so as to communicate and exchange data between the two, thereby reducing the number of connecting lines between the two.
The pcb of the circuit board for the instrument is wired to complete the connection relation among the switch in the front of the vehicle, the electrical appliance in the front of the vehicle and the electrical appliance behind the vehicle. The front switch outgoing lines are not directly connected through a conducting wire, the front electrical appliance outgoing lines are not directly connected through a conducting wire except the positive electrode wire, and the rear electrical appliance outgoing lines are not directly connected through a conducting wire except the positive electrode wire. Thus, the conventional branch stub is not available. Not only reduces the cost, but also increases the reliability.
The front switch, the front electrical appliance and the rear electrical appliance are not directly connected with the negative line through conducting wires, but are connected with the negative line after being processed by the instrument.
For fuel vehicle applications, the present invention does not have a motor controller and a motor controller associated wiring harness.
The technical key points of the centralized anode collinear structure are as follows: all electrical appliances are connected with the positive wire, and the other ends of the electrical appliances are connected with the instrument. After being processed by the instrument, the negative wire is connected to form a complete electric loop.
Electric appliance short-circuit protection circuit of centralized positive pole collinear structure:
the protection circuit is completely applied to the centralized anode collinear structure.
The instrument comprises a mcu circuit, a single-path comparison circuit, a single-path switch circuit and a single-path sampling resistance circuit.
The mcu circuit is respectively connected with the front switch of the vehicle, collects the switch state of the front switch and then sends the switch state to other intelligent electrical components on the vehicle, such as a motor controller, through a communication interface.
The single-circuit switching circuit comprises a switching tube. Due to the low-end control, an N-type switch tube can be used. Thereby reducing the cost and improving the reliability.
The single-circuit switch circuit is connected with the multi-circuit front switches, and the cathodes of all electrical appliances are connected to the anode of the switch tube together through the front switches.
Furthermore, the negative electrode of the switching tube is connected with the single-path sampling resistor circuit and is finally connected with a negative electrode wire. The voltage across the sampling resistor reflects the current of the entire vehicle.
The mcu circuit is connected with the single-way switch circuit and controls the switch tube, so that centralized switch control of all on-vehicle electric appliances is realized. Only when the switch tube is turned on, the electric appliance on the vehicle is powered on, and the vehicle can work.
The single-path comparison circuit is connected with the single-path sampling resistance circuit or the positive electrode of the switch tube and is used for detecting the total current of all electrical appliances on the vehicle.
The single-circuit comparison circuit has two input modes of high-end comparison and low-end comparison: if the current is detected by detecting the breakover voltage of the switching tube instead of the internal resistance of the switching tube in order to save cost, a high-end comparison mode is used, a single-path comparison circuit is connected with the anode of the switching tube, a sampling resistor is not needed, and the cathode of the switching tube is connected with a cathode line; if the current is detected by the voltage of the sampling resistor for increasing the reliability and the flexibility, a single-circuit comparison circuit is connected with the anode of the sampling resistor and the cathode of the sampling resistor is connected with the cathode line in a low-end comparison mode.
The single-path comparison circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for transmitting a current detection result to the mcu.
And when the mcu finds that the current is larger than a rated value, the switching tube is turned off, so that short-circuit protection of the electric appliance is realized. And continuing to work after the short-circuit fault is eliminated.
The collinear structure of the discrete positive pole:
the discrete type anode collinear structure comprises a master control module, 1-256 controlled modules, 2-256 zone bit electric appliances, other intelligent electric appliance components, 1-256 zone bit switches, an anode wire, a cathode wire, a communication bus, a converter and a storage battery.
The number of the controlled modules and the zone bit electric appliances is determined according to the complexity of the vehicle type and the layout of the electric appliances.
The master control module and the controlled module are specific to a master-slave communication mode bus control system, such as L IN, RS485 and the like.
The positive line connects the converter, which is the source of the current. However, some small vehicles do not have the converter installed to save cost, and the positive line is connected to the positive electrode of the battery.
The negative wire is connected with the negative electrode of the storage battery.
The positive line is connected with all the zone bit electric appliances, which is the biggest technical characteristic of the invention and is the biggest difference from the traditional mode.
And the outgoing lines of all the zone bit electrical appliances are connected to the master control module or the controlled module nearby. The length of the wire can be reduced by the nearby connection, and the wire cost is saved.
The zone switch is connected with the master control module or the controlled module nearby. Not every main control module and controlled module all connect the zone switch, and some positions of automobile body just do not have. And some parts are more area switches and less area switches.
The main control module, all the controlled modules and other intelligent electrical components exchange data through the communication bus, which is the root of the electrical bus control system of the vehicle body, and the conducting wire of the communication bus is determined according to the communication mode, wherein L IN communication needs 1 wire, and CAN communication needs 2 wires.
The master control module and the controlled module complete the connection relationship between the zone bit electric appliance and the zone bit switch by pcb wiring of a circuit board. No wire is directly connected between outlet wires of the zone bit switch, no wire is directly connected between outlet wires of the zone bit electrical appliances except the anode wire, and no wire is directly connected between the zone bit switch and the zone bit electrical appliances. Thus, the conventional branch stub is not available. Not only reduces the cost, but also increases the reliability.
All the zone bit switches and the zone bit electrical appliances are not directly connected with the negative wire through conducting wires, but are connected with the negative wire after being processed by the main control module or the controlled module. The control of the main control module or the controlled module to the zone bit electric appliance can adopt an n-type switch tube.
The technical key points of the discrete anode collinear structure are as follows: all the zone bit electric appliances are respectively connected with the positive pole wires, the outgoing wires of the electric appliances are connected with the master control module or the controlled module nearby, and the outgoing wires are connected with the negative pole wires after being processed to form a complete electric loop.
The other intelligent electric appliance components comprise communication interfaces and exchange data with the main control module or the controlled module through the communication bus.
The discrete anode collinear structure is mainly applied to a bus control system of a vehicle body electrical appliance.
A single-circuit electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit of a discrete anode collinear structure comprises:
the protection circuit completely applies the discrete anode collinear structure.
The master control module or the controlled module comprises a mcu circuit, a single-path comparison circuit, a multi-path switch circuit and a single-path sampling resistance circuit.
And the mcu circuit is respectively connected with the zone bit switches and collects the switch states of the zone bit switches so as to transmit the switch states to other main control modules or controlled modules.
The multi-way switch circuit comprises a plurality of switch tubes, the anodes of the switch tubes are respectively connected with the cathodes of the zone electric appliances, then the cathodes of the switch tubes are connected to the single-way sampling resistor circuit in a centralized manner, and finally the negative lines are connected. One switch tube controls one path of electric appliance.
The mcu circuit is connected with the multi-way switch circuit and respectively controls the switch tubes, so that the on-off control of the zone bit electric appliance is respectively realized. Each pin of the mcu controls a switch tube, and one switch tube controls one zone-bit electric appliance.
The single-circuit comparison circuit is connected with the single-circuit sampling resistance circuit and is used for detecting the total current of the zone bit electric appliance. The voltage at the two ends of the sampling resistor reflects the total current of all the electric appliances.
The single-path comparison circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for transmitting the current detection result to the mcu.
And when the mcu finds that the current is larger than a rated value, the switching tubes are turned off simultaneously, so that the centralized short-circuit protection of a plurality of electrical appliances is realized. And all the mcus turn off the electric appliances on the vehicle as long as the electric appliances are short-circuited.
After the centralized short-circuit protection of a plurality of electric appliances is realized by the mcu, the really short-circuited electric appliances are judged by testing electricity for each circuit of electric appliances respectively, fault marking is carried out for isolation, and other normal electric appliances are recovered to work normally.
The electricity test is to instantly supply power to each circuit of electric appliance and turn off the rest of the electric appliances, and the time range is about 10uS to 1S. All zone electrical appliances are tried. This process is called "test electricity".
A multipath electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit with a discrete anode collinear structure comprises:
the protection circuit completely applies the discrete anode collinear structure.
The master control module or the controlled module comprises a mcu circuit, a multi-path comparison circuit, a multi-path switch circuit and a multi-path sampling resistance circuit.
And the mcu circuit is respectively connected with the zone bit switches and collects the switch states of the zone bit switches so as to transmit the switch states to other main control modules or controlled modules.
The multi-way switch circuit comprises a plurality of switch tubes, the anodes of the switch tubes are respectively connected with the cathodes of the zone electric appliances, then the cathodes of the switch tubes are respectively connected with the multi-way sampling resistance circuit, and finally the multi-way switch circuit is connected with a negative wire. One switch tube controls one path of electric appliance.
The mcu circuit is connected with the multi-way switch circuit and respectively controls the switch tubes, so that the on-off control of the zone bit electric appliance is respectively realized. And each pin of the mcu controls one switching tube.
The multi-path comparison circuit is respectively connected with the multi-path sampling resistance circuit or the multi-path switch circuit and is used for respectively detecting the respective current of the zone bit electric appliance.
The multi-path comparison circuit has two input modes of high-end comparison and low-end comparison: if the current is detected by detecting the breakover voltage of the switching tube, the internal resistance of the switching tube is used for replacing the current for saving the cost, the multi-path comparison circuit is respectively connected with the anode of the switching tube in a high-end comparison mode, the sampling resistor is not needed, and the cathode of the switching tube is connected with a cathode line; if the reliability and flexibility are to be increased, the current is detected by the voltage of the sampling resistor, and in this case, in a low-end comparison mode, the multiple comparison circuits are respectively connected with the anodes of the sampling resistors, and the cathodes of the sampling resistors are collectively connected with the cathode line.
The multi-path comparison circuit is respectively connected with the mcu circuit and used for respectively transmitting the current detection result to the mcu; and when the mcu finds that the current of some electric appliances is larger than a rated value, the corresponding switch tube is switched off, so that the short-circuit protection of each electric appliance is realized respectively. Each path of electric appliance is provided with a set of comparison circuit. And the operation is continued after the fault is eliminated.
An electrical apparatus short-circuit protection power car of positive pole collinear structure:
the power vehicle is provided with the electric appliance short-circuit protection circuit with the centralized anode collinear structure, or is provided with the single-path electric appliance short-circuit protection circuit with the discrete anode collinear structure, or is provided with the multi-path electric appliance short-circuit protection circuit with the discrete anode collinear structure.
The invention has the following effects: the system can adopt an n-type switch tube; moreover, wiring of the electric appliance of the vehicle body is solved by using pcb wiring of the instrument, the main control module or the controlled module, so that the number of wire heads and plugs is reduced; the zone bit switch, the zone bit electrical apparatus, the master control module and the controlled module are connected nearby, and a bus control system is adopted to replace the traditional spider-web type electrical apparatus wiring with a data communication bus, so that the number of wire end plugs can be greatly reduced, and the number of wires can be greatly reduced. And the short-circuit protection of the electric appliance of the whole vehicle is also conveniently realized, and the occurrence of fire is prevented. Finally, the purposes of reducing cost and increasing reliability are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a centralized anode collinear structure;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a discrete anode collinear structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low-end control circuit of an electrical appliance;
FIG. 4 is a circuit of a discrete type single-circuit electrical appliance short-circuit protection module with a positive electrode collinear structure;
FIG. 5 is a circuit of a discrete type anode collinear structure multi-path electrical appliance short-circuit protection module;
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a centralized type short circuit protection module for an electrical appliance with a positive electrode collinear structure;
fig. 7 is a structural view of a motor controller.
Detailed Description
Centralized positive collinear structure:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a centralized anode collinear structure.
The centralized positive electrode collinear structure comprises: the system comprises an instrument 1, a vehicle front switch 2, a vehicle front electric appliance 3, a large wire 4, a vehicle rear electric appliance 5, a storage battery 7, a converter 8 and a motor controller 9.
The large wire 4 comprises a positive wire, a negative wire, a vehicle rear electric appliance related wire harness and a motor controller related wire harness.
The battery 7 is a power source of the entire vehicle. The current outlet of the storage battery 7 is connected with a converter 8 and a motor controller 9.
The converter 8 is a DC/DC voltage converter which converts the voltage of the accumulator to the voltage suitable for the body electrical equipment, generally 12v for the trolley and 24v for the cart. The output of the converter 8 is connected to the positive line. In many small-sized electric vehicles, the voltage of the storage battery can be directly used for saving cost. The converter 8 can be omitted, and the positive electrode of the storage battery is directly connected with the positive electrode wire.
The anodes of all the vehicle rear electric appliances 5 are connected with the positive wire, the cathodes of the vehicle rear electric appliances are connected with the instrument 1 through the vehicle rear electric appliance related wire harness in the large wire 4, and the vehicle rear electric appliances are processed by the instrument 1 and then connected with the negative wire to form a complete electric appliance loop.
The positive poles of all the electric appliances 3 in front of the vehicle are connected with the positive lines, the negative poles are connected with the instrument 1, and the electric appliances are processed by the instrument 1 and then uniformly connected with the negative lines to form a complete electric appliance loop. The electric appliance 3 in the front of the vehicle leads the positive wire to the instrument 1 to supply power to the instrument 1.
The switch 2 is connected with the instrument 1.
The meter 1 and the motor controller 9 comprise a mcu and a communication interface, and the mcu and the communication interface can communicate and exchange data, so that the number of connecting lines and the number of plugs between the mcu and the communication interface are reduced.
Fig. 7 is a structural view of a motor controller. The structure of the motor controller 9 is shown in fig. 7.
The motor control circuit comprises a mcu1, a motor control function circuit 2 and a communication function circuit 3. Wherein the mcu1 is connected with the motor control function circuit 2 and the communication function circuit 3.
The mcu1 and the motor control function circuit 2 are the category of the traditional motor controller, and are not in the optimization scope of the invention, and the engineers in the industry are familiar with the invention and will not be repeated here.
The mcu1 performs two functions: on the one hand, conventional motor control and, on the other hand, communication of the present invention is accomplished.
The communication function circuit 3 is the content of the invention for realizing the simplification and new addition of wiring. The mode of the communication function circuit 3 is selected, and the communication function circuit must be matched with the instrument, otherwise, the communication cannot be completed.
The selectable communication modes are as follows: uart, lin, can, i2c, 485, gpio analog communication and the like, and other communication modes are high in cost and are generally rarely used.
After the communication hardware circuit is completed, the software can communicate with the instrument according to a protocol.
The instrument 1 is a control center of the whole centralized anode collinear structure and is directly or indirectly connected with all electric appliances on the vehicle. The instrument 1 is connected with a vehicle front switch 2, a vehicle front electric appliance 3 and a vehicle rear electric appliance 5.
The instrument 1 connects the negative poles of all the electrical appliances on the vehicle together. If the centralized switch control is needed, the control is carried out by using an n-type switching tube, and finally the n-type switching tube is connected to a negative electrode wire.
The large wire 4 is connected with the instrument 1, the vehicle rear electric appliance 5 and the motor controller 9.
Electric appliance short-circuit protection circuit of centralized positive pole collinear structure:
fig. 6 is a circuit of a centralized type short-circuit protection module of an electrical appliance with a positive electrode collinear structure.
The instrument comprises a mcu circuit 6, a single-path comparison circuit 7, a single-path switch circuit 1, a single-path sampling resistance circuit 5, a power supply circuit 8 and a vehicle front switch circuit 2.
The mcu circuit 6 is respectively connected with the front switches and can acquire the states of the front switches.
The mcu circuit 6 contains an mcu chip and a communication interface for communicating with other intelligent electrical components and exchanging data, such as with a motor controller.
The mcu circuit 6 comprises a shaping circuit for adjusting the voltage of the front switch to the range allowed by the input port of the mcu chip. Pull-up and pull-down resistors may also be included.
The one-way switch circuit 1 comprises a switch tube. Due to low-end control, an N-type switching tube can be used, so that the cost is reduced and the reliability is improved.
The single-path sampling resistor circuit 5 comprises a sampling resistor, and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor reflects the total current of the whole vehicle electrical appliance.
The single-circuit switch circuit 1 is connected with the front switch circuit 2, and the cathodes of all the electric appliances are collected together after passing through the front switch and are connected to the anode of the switch tube. The negative pole of the switch tube is connected with the sampling resistor and finally connected with the negative pole line.
The mcu circuit 6 is connected with the one-way switch circuit 1 and controls the switch tubes inside, so that centralized switch control of all on-vehicle electrical appliances is realized. Only when the switch tube is turned on, the electric appliance on the vehicle is powered on, and the vehicle can work. The one-way switch circuit 1 includes a driving circuit of the switch tube. The specific driving circuit is different according to the type of the switching tube.
The single-circuit comparison circuit 7 is connected with the single-circuit sampling resistance circuit 5 or the single-circuit switch circuit 1 and is used for detecting the total current of all the electric appliances on the vehicle.
The one-way comparison circuit 7 has two input modes of high-end comparison and low-end comparison: if the current is detected by detecting the breakover voltage of the switching tube instead of the internal resistance of the switching tube in order to save cost, a high-end comparison mode is used, a single-path comparison circuit 7 is connected with the anode of the switching tube, a sampling resistor is not needed, and the cathode of the switching tube is connected with a cathode wire; if the current is detected by the voltage of the sampling resistor for increased reliability and flexibility, the one-way comparator circuit 7 is connected to the positive pole of the sampling resistor and the negative pole of the sampling resistor is connected to the negative pole line in the low-end comparison mode.
The single-circuit comparison circuit 7 comprises an operational amplifier chip, most commonly L M358. if a comparator is arranged in the mcu chip in the mcu circuit 6, the single-circuit comparison circuit 7 can be omitted, and the mcu circuit 6 is connected with the single-circuit sampling resistance circuit 5 or the single-circuit switch circuit 1.
The single-way sampling resistor circuit 5 includes a sampling resistor, whose resistance value is determined according to the total current, and is generally 12mR to 1R.
The power circuit 8 is connected with the mcu circuit 6, the single-way comparison circuit 7 and the single-way switch circuit 1 and supplies power to the instrument. The power supply circuit has 2 paths of power supplies, wherein one path of power supply circuit is 2.7 v-5.0 v low voltage for supplying power to a chip, and the other path of power supply circuit is 9 v-20 v high voltage for supplying power to a switch tube drive.
The front switch circuit 2 comprises various socket interfaces of a front switch on the vehicle, and the pcb is used for wiring to complete the connection among the front switch, the front electrical appliance and the rear electrical appliance, so that the wiring of the electrical appliances is simplified, and the wiring comprises a simplified wire end plug.
If the simple short-circuit protection of the electric appliance is realized and the cost is saved, the mcu circuit 6 is not needed, and the single-circuit comparison circuit 7 is connected with the single-circuit switch circuit 1. Namely, the one-way comparison circuit 7 directly controls the switch tube in the one-way switch circuit 1.
The collinear structure of the discrete positive pole:
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a discrete anode collinear structure.
Only 3 controlled modules are shown in fig. 2. The figure is only a schematic diagram, and the actual product can be more or less according to the complexity of the vehicle.
Only 4 of the zone appliances are shown in fig. 2. The figure is only a schematic diagram, and the actual product can be more or less according to the complexity of the vehicle.
Only 4 switches are shown in figure 2. The figure is only a schematic diagram, and the actual product can be more or less according to the complexity of the vehicle. Also, some controlled modules may not have zone switches in their vicinity, depending on the vehicle layout. There is no zone switch near, for example, the left rear module and the right rear module of the vehicle.
The positive collinear structure of discrete formula includes host system 5, by control module 1, controlled module 2, controlled module 3, other intelligent electrical apparatus parts 15, position electrical apparatus 7, position electrical apparatus 8, position electrical apparatus 9, position electrical apparatus 10, position switch 11, position switch 12, position switch 13, position switch 14, converter 4, battery 6.
The battery 6 is a power source of the entire vehicle. The current outlet of the accumulator is connected with the converter 4.
The converter 4 is a DC/DC voltage converter which converts the voltage of the accumulator to the voltage suitable for the body electrical equipment, generally 12v for the trolley and 24v for the cart. The output of the converter is connected with the positive line. In many small-sized electric vehicles, the voltage of the storage battery can be directly used for saving cost. The converter 4 is then not needed and the positive pole of the accumulator 6 is directly connected to the positive line.
The discrete positive collinear structure consists of a plurality of units, and each unit comprises a master control module or a controlled module, a zone bit electric appliance and a zone bit switch. Some of the units may be free of location switches.
In fig. 2, the main control module 5, the zone bit electrical appliance 11 and the zone bit switch 7 are a unit; the controlled module 1, the zone bit electric appliance 8 and the zone bit switch 12 are a unit; the controlled module 2, the zone bit electric appliance 9 and the zone bit switch 13 are a unit; the controlled module 3, the zone bit electrical appliance 10 and the zone bit switch 14 are a unit.
As shown in fig. 2, each master control module, the controlled module and other intelligent electrical components are connected by a communication bus, so as to realize bus control of electrical components of the vehicle body. The traditional spider-web type electric appliance wiring is replaced by a data communication bus, so that the number of wire heads and plugs can be greatly reduced, and the using amount of wires is greatly reduced.
As shown in FIG. 2, the positive pole of each zone bit electric appliance is connected with a positive pole line, and the negative pole is connected with the master control module or the controlled module nearby.
As shown in FIG. 2, each of the master control module and the controlled module is connected with a negative line.
As shown in FIG. 2, each zone switch is connected to the master module or the controlled module in close proximity.
The operation principle of each unit is the same, and the unit of the main control module 5, the zone bit electrical appliance 7 and the zone bit switch 11 is taken as an example to illustrate an implementation example of the discrete anode collinear structure.
The two ends of each part of the position switch 11 are directly connected with the main control module 5, and no wire is connected between each part.
The positive pole of each component of the locational electric appliance 7 is connected with the positive pole line, and the negative pole of each component is directly connected with the main control module 5. The zone bit electrical apparatus 7 has no wire connection between the negative poles of each component.
The electrical connection relationship between each component of the position switch 11 is completed by the main control module 5 by using its PCB wiring.
The electrical connection relationship between each component of the locational electrical appliance 7 is completed by the main control module 5 through PCB wiring.
The electrical connection between the zone switch 11 and the zone electric appliance 7 is completed by the main control module 5 through PCB wiring.
The main control module 5 is the control center of the whole unit and is connected with the zone bit electric appliance 7 and the zone bit switch 11. The zone bit electrical apparatus 7 is connected with the main control module by a positive wire lead-out so as to supply power.
The master control module 5 exchanges data with other controlled modules by means of a communication bus.
The negative poles of the electrical components in the zone bit electrical apparatus 7 are controlled by zone bit switches 11, and N-type switch tubes. When the N-type switch tube is used for control, the MCU intelligent chip is used for management.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low-end control circuit of an electrical appliance, which just illustrates the management of a locational electrical appliance by means of an MCU intelligent chip and just illustrates the application scenario and advantages of an N-type switch tube.
In fig. 3, it is assumed that a plurality of lamps and a plurality of motors are controlled, and their anodes are connected to a positive line, and their cathodes are connected to a switching tube, and then to a negative line, thereby forming a current loop. The switch tube is connected with the cathode of the electric appliance, and the control mode is low-end control. This is a benefit of using co-linearity of the positive electrodes.
The mcu circuit controls a plurality of N-type switching tubes by a plurality of pins. K11, K1N, K21, and K2N represent a plurality of N-type switching tubes, and the negative electrodes of all the switching tubes are connected to a negative electrode line. The N-type switch tube refers to an NPN-type Darlington tube, an NPN-type IGBT tube or an N-type MOS tube. When K11, K1n, K21 and K2n are turned on, the zone electric appliances start to work.
The zone bit electric appliance 7 and the zone bit switch 11 are not connected with the negative wire through conducting wires, but are connected with the negative wire after being processed by the main control module 5.
Single circuit electrical apparatus short-circuit protection circuit of anodal collinear structure of discrete formula:
fig. 4 is a circuit of a single-circuit electrical appliance short-circuit protection module with a discrete anode collinear structure.
The master control module or the controlled module comprises a mcu circuit 6, a single-path comparison circuit 7, a multi-path switch circuit 9, a single-path sampling resistance circuit 5 and a power supply circuit 8.
The mcu circuit 6 is respectively connected with the zone bit switches and can collect the states of the switches.
The mcu circuit 6 includes an mcu chip. The mcu also comprises a communication interface which is used for communicating with other main control modules or controlled modules and exchanging data.
The mcu circuit 6 comprises a shaping circuit for adjusting the voltage of the zone bit switch to the range allowed by the input port of the mcu chip. Pull-up and pull-down resistors may also be included.
The multi-way switch circuit 9 comprises a plurality of switch tubes. Due to low-end control, an N-type switching tube can be used, so that the cost is reduced and the reliability is improved.
The multi-way switch circuit 9 is connected with zone bit electric appliances, the cathodes of all the electric appliances are respectively connected with the anodes of the switch tubes, the cathodes of the switch tubes are connected with the sampling resistors in a centralized mode, and finally the cathodes of the switch tubes are connected with the cathode lines.
The single-path sampling resistor circuit 5 comprises a sampling resistor, and the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor reflects the total current of the electric appliance in the whole zone.
The mcu circuit 6 is connected with the multi-way switch circuit 9 and controls the switch tubes inside, so that single-way switch control over the zone bit electric appliances is realized, and one switch tube is arranged in one electric appliance. Only when the switch tube is turned on, the circuit of the electric appliance is powered on and can work. The multi-way switch circuit 9 includes a driving circuit of the switch tube. The specific driving circuit is different according to the type of the switching tube.
The single-circuit comparison circuit 7 is connected with the single-circuit sampling resistance circuit 5 and is used for detecting the total current of electric appliances in the zones on the vehicle.
The single-way sampling resistor circuit 5 includes a sampling resistor, whose resistance value is determined according to the total current, and is generally 12mR to 1R.
The one-way comparison circuit 7 is connected with the anode of the sampling resistor, and the cathode of the sampling resistor is connected with the cathode line.
The single-circuit comparison circuit 7 comprises an operational amplifier chip, most commonly L M358. if a comparator is arranged in the mcu chip in the mcu circuit 6, the single-circuit comparison circuit 7 can be omitted, and the mcu circuit 6 is connected with the single-circuit sampling resistance circuit 5.
The power circuit 8 is connected with the mcu circuit 6, the single-path comparison circuit 7 and the multi-path switch circuit 9 and supplies power to the main control module or the controlled module. The power supply circuit has 2 paths of power supplies, wherein one path of power supply circuit is 2.7 v-5.0 v low voltage for supplying power to a chip, and the other path of power supply circuit is 9 v-20 v high voltage for supplying power to a switch tube drive.
The mcu circuit 6 and the multi-path electronic switch 9 comprise various socket interfaces of a zone switch and a zone electric appliance on the vehicle, and the connection relation between the zone electric appliance and the zone switch is completed by pcb wiring, so that the wiring of the electric appliance is simplified, and the wiring comprises simplifying a wire end plug.
The multi-path electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit of the discrete anode collinear structure comprises:
fig. 5 is a circuit of a discrete type short-circuit protection module for a multi-path electrical appliance with a positive electrode collinear structure.
The master control module or the controlled module comprises a mcu circuit 6, a multi-path comparison circuit 7, a multi-path switch circuit 9, a multi-path sampling resistance circuit 5 and a power supply circuit 8.
The mcu circuit 6 is respectively connected with the zone bit switches and can collect the states of the switches.
The mcu circuit 6 includes an mcu chip. The mcu also comprises a communication interface which is used for communicating with other main control modules or controlled modules and exchanging data.
The mcu circuit 6 comprises a shaping circuit for adjusting the voltage of the zone bit switch to the range allowed by the input port of the mcu chip. Pull-up and pull-down resistors may also be included.
The multi-way switch circuit 9 comprises a plurality of switch tubes. Due to low-end control, an N-type switching tube can be used, so that the cost is reduced and the reliability is improved.
The multi-path sampling resistance circuit 5 comprises a plurality of sampling resistances, and the voltages at two ends of the sampling resistances reflect the current of the single-path electric appliance.
The multi-way switch circuit 9 is connected with zone bit electric appliances, the cathodes of all the electric appliances are respectively connected with the anodes of the switch tubes, the cathodes of the switch tubes are respectively connected with the sampling resistors, and finally, the cathode lines are connected.
The mcu circuit 6 is connected with the multi-way switch circuit 9 and controls the switch tubes inside, so that single-way switch control over the zone bit electric appliances is realized, and one switch tube is arranged in one electric appliance. Only when the switch tube is turned on, the circuit of the electric appliance is powered on and can work. The multi-way switch circuit 9 includes a driving circuit of the switch tube. The specific driving circuit is different according to the type of the switching tube.
The multi-path comparison circuit 7 is connected with the multi-path sampling resistance circuit 5 or the multi-path switch circuit 9 and is used for detecting the current of the zone bit electric appliance.
The multi-way comparison circuit 7 has two input modes of high-end comparison and low-end comparison: if the current is detected by detecting the breakover voltage of the switching tube instead of the internal resistance of the switching tube in order to save cost, a high-end comparison mode is used, the multi-path comparison circuit 7 is connected with the anode of the switching tube, the multi-path sampling resistance circuit 5 is not needed, and the cathode of the switching tube is connected with a cathode wire; if the current is detected by the voltage of the sampling resistor for increased reliability and flexibility, the multi-way comparison circuit 7 is connected with the anode of the sampling resistor and the cathode of the sampling resistor is connected with the cathode line in a low-end comparison mode.
The multi-way comparison circuit 7 comprises an operational amplifier chip, most commonly L M358. if enough comparators are arranged in the mcu chip in the mcu circuit 6, the multi-way comparison circuit 7 can be omitted, and the mcu circuit 6 is connected with the multi-way sampling resistor circuit 5 or the multi-way switch circuit 9.
A plurality of comparators are needed in the multi-path comparison circuit 7, and each path of local electric appliance needs one comparator.
The multi-path sampling resistor circuit 5 includes a plurality of sampling resistors, and the resistance value thereof is determined according to the total current, generally 12mR to 1R.
The power circuit 8 is connected with the mcu circuit 6, the multi-path comparison circuit 7 and the multi-path switch circuit 9 and supplies power to the main control module or the controlled module. The power supply circuit has 2 paths of power supplies, wherein one path of power supply circuit is 2.7 v-5.0 v low voltage for supplying power to a chip, and the other path of power supply circuit is 9 v-20 v high voltage for supplying power to a switch tube drive.
The mcu circuit 6 and the multi-path electronic switch 9 comprise various socket interfaces of a zone switch and a zone electric appliance on the vehicle, and the connection relation between the zone electric appliance and the zone switch is completed by pcb wiring, so that the wiring of the electric appliance is simplified, and the wiring comprises simplifying a wire end plug.
An electrical apparatus short-circuit protection power car of positive pole collinear structure:
the power vehicle applies the centralized anode collinear structure or the discrete anode collinear structure.
The foregoing embodiments and description have been provided merely to illustrate the principles of the invention and one example thereof, and various changes and modifications may be made based on the principles and within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A centralized positive pole collinear structure is characterized by comprising an instrument, a switch in front of a vehicle, an electric appliance in front of the vehicle, an electric appliance behind the vehicle, a positive pole line, a negative pole line, a wiring harness related to the electric appliance behind the vehicle, a converter, a storage battery, a motor controller and a wiring harness related to the motor controller; the positive wire is connected with the converter or the positive electrode of the storage battery; the negative wire is connected with the negative electrode of the storage battery; the positive wire is connected with the electric appliance in front of the vehicle and the electric appliance behind the vehicle, and the other ends of the electric appliance in front of the vehicle and the electric appliance behind the vehicle are all connected to the instrument; the front switch is connected with the instrument; the meter and the motor controller comprise a mcu and a communication interface so as to communicate and exchange data between the two.
2. A concentrated positive collinear structure according to claim 1, wherein: the pcb wiring of the circuit board for the instrument completes the connection relation among the switch in front of the vehicle, the electrical appliance in front of the vehicle and the electrical appliance behind the vehicle; the front switch outgoing lines are not directly connected through a conducting wire, the front electrical appliance outgoing lines are not directly connected through a conducting wire except the positive electrode wire, and the rear electrical appliance outgoing lines are not directly connected through a conducting wire except the positive electrode wire.
3. A concentrated positive collinear structure according to claim 1, wherein: the front switch, the front electrical appliance and the rear electrical appliance are not directly connected with the negative line through conducting wires, but are connected with the negative line after being processed by the instrument.
4. The utility model provides an electric appliance short-circuit protection circuit of centralized positive pole collinear structure which characterized in that: the protection circuit fully utilizes a centralized positive collinear structure of claim 1, 2 or 3; the instrument comprises a mcu circuit, a single-path comparison circuit, a single-path switch circuit and a single-path sampling resistance circuit; the mcu circuit is respectively connected with the front switches and collects the switch states of the front switches; the single-circuit switch circuit comprises a switch tube and is connected with the front switch, the cathodes of all electrical appliances are collected together through the front switch and are connected to the anode of the switch tube, then the cathode of the switch tube is connected with the single-circuit sampling resistor circuit, and finally the cathode of the switch tube is connected with a cathode line; the mcu circuit is connected with the single-way switch circuit and controls the switch tube, so that the centralized switch control of all the on-vehicle electric appliances is realized; the single-path comparison circuit is connected with the single-path sampling resistance circuit or the switch tube and is used for detecting the total current of all electrical appliances on the vehicle; the single-path comparison circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for transmitting the current detection result to the mcu; and when the mcu finds that the current is larger than a rated value, the switching tube is turned off, so that short-circuit protection of the electric appliance is realized.
5. A discrete anode collinear structure is characterized by comprising a master control module or a controlled module, a zone bit switch, a zone bit electric appliance, an anode wire, a cathode wire, a communication bus, a converter, other intelligent electric appliance components and a storage battery; the positive wire is connected with the converter or the positive electrode of the storage battery; the negative wire is connected with the negative electrode of the storage battery; the positive wire is connected with all the zone bit electric appliances, and the other ends of all the zone bit electric appliances are connected to the master control module or the controlled module nearby; the zone switch is connected with the master control module or the controlled module nearby; the main control module, all the controlled modules and other intelligent electrical components exchange data through the communication bus to realize the bus control of the electrical appliances of the vehicle body; all the zone bit switches and the zone bit electrical appliances are not directly connected with the negative wire through conducting wires, but are connected with the negative wire after being processed by the main control module or the controlled module.
6. The discrete positive collinear structure of claim 5, wherein: the master control module and the controlled module complete the connection relationship between the zone bit electric appliance and the zone bit switch by pcb wiring of a circuit board; no wire is directly connected between outlet wires of the zone bit switch, no wire is directly connected between outlet wires of the zone bit electrical appliances except the anode wire, and no wire is directly connected between the zone bit switch and the zone bit electrical appliances.
7. The utility model provides a anodal collinear structure's of discrete formula single circuit electrical apparatus short-circuit protection circuit which characterized in that: the protection circuit fully utilizes a discrete anode collinear structure of claim 5 or 6; the master control module or the controlled module comprises a mcu circuit, a single-path comparison circuit, a multi-path switch circuit and a single-path sampling resistance circuit; the mcu circuit is respectively connected with the zone bit switches and collects the switch states of the zone bit switches; the multi-way switch circuit comprises a plurality of switch tubes, the anodes of the switch tubes are respectively connected with the cathodes of the zone electric appliances, then the cathodes of the switch tubes are connected to the single-way sampling resistor circuit in a centralized manner, and finally the negative lines are connected; the mcu circuit is connected with the multi-way switch circuit and respectively controls the switch tubes, so that the on-off control of the zone bit electric appliance is respectively realized; the single-circuit comparison circuit is connected with the single-circuit sampling resistance circuit and is used for detecting the total current of the zone bit electric appliance; the single-path comparison circuit is connected with the mcu circuit and used for transmitting the current detection result to the mcu; and when the mcu finds that the current is larger than a rated value, the switching tubes are simultaneously turned off, so that concentrated short-circuit protection of the zone bit electric appliance is realized.
8. The circuit of claim 7 for short-circuit protection of single-circuit electric appliance with discrete anode collinear structure, wherein: after the centralized short-circuit protection of the zone bit electric appliances is realized by the mcu, the really short-circuited electric appliances are judged through 'power test', fault marks are made for isolation, and other normal electric appliances are recovered to work normally.
9. The utility model provides a anodal collinear structure's of discrete formula multichannel electrical apparatus short-circuit protection circuit which characterized in that: the protection circuit fully utilizes a discrete anode collinear structure of claim 5 or 6; the master control module or the controlled module comprises a mcu circuit, a multi-path comparison circuit, a multi-path switch circuit and a multi-path sampling resistance circuit; the mcu circuit is respectively connected with the zone bit switches and collects the switch states of the zone bit switches; the multi-path switching circuit comprises a plurality of switching tubes, the anodes of the switching tubes are respectively connected with the cathodes of the zone electric appliances, then the cathodes of the switching tubes are respectively connected with the multi-path sampling resistance circuit, and finally the multi-path switching circuit is connected with a negative wire; the mcu circuit is connected with the multi-way switch circuit and respectively controls the switch tubes, so that the on-off control of the zone bit electric appliance is respectively realized; the multi-path comparison circuit is respectively connected with the multi-path sampling resistance circuit or the multi-path switch circuit and is used for respectively detecting the respective current of the zone bit electric appliance; the multi-path comparison circuit is respectively connected with the mcu circuit and used for respectively transmitting the current detection result to the mcu; and when the mcu finds that the current of some electric appliances is larger than the rated value, the corresponding switch tube is switched off, so that the short-circuit protection of each electric appliance is realized respectively.
10. The utility model provides an electrical apparatus short-circuit protection power car of anodal collinear structure which characterized in that: the motor vehicle applies the electrical short-circuit protection circuit of a centralized anode collinear structure according to claim 4, or applies the single-circuit electrical short-circuit protection circuit of a discrete anode collinear structure according to claim 7 or 8, or applies the multi-circuit electrical short-circuit protection circuit of a discrete anode collinear structure according to claim 9.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910005759.1A CN111391767A (en) | 2019-01-03 | 2019-01-03 | Electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit with centralized and discrete anode collinear structures and power vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910005759.1A CN111391767A (en) | 2019-01-03 | 2019-01-03 | Electrical appliance short-circuit protection circuit with centralized and discrete anode collinear structures and power vehicle |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112193183A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Isolation component, autonomous vehicle redundancy architecture and isolation component control method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112193183A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-08 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Isolation component, autonomous vehicle redundancy architecture and isolation component control method |
| CN112193183B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-04-01 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Isolation component, autonomous vehicle redundancy architecture and isolation component control method |
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