WO2018133218A1

WO2018133218A1 - High-voltage power distribution cabinet for electric vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2018133218A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/079994
Authority: WO
Inventors: 齐东才; 朱红锋
Original assignee: 深圳市品川能源电气有限公司
Priority date: 2017-01-23
Filing date: 2017-04-11
Publication date: 2018-07-26
Also published as: CN107069610A

Abstract

A high-voltage power distribution cabinet for an electric vehicle comprises: a cabinet body (1); a PCB (2) for disposing wiring provided inside the cabinet body (1); and connectors (3) provided at a side surface of the cabinet body (1) and connected to a battery, a power motor, a vehicle-mounted electrical device and a battery charger. The connectors (3) are mutually connected by means of the wiring in the PCB (2). Electronic switches controlled by control modules (5) are provided at the wiring in the PCB (2). The control modules (5) control closing or opening of the electronic switches to realize connection or disconnection between the battery and the power motor, the vehicle-mounted electrical device, or the battery charger. The respective control modules (5) are respectively connected to a low-voltage communication connector. The high-voltage power distribution cabinet employs an electronic switch having a compact size, low costs and long service life and controlled by the control module (5) to realize various connections, thereby enabling a high-voltage power distribution cabinet for an electric vehicle to have a compact size, low costs and long service life.

Description

Electric vehicle high voltage distribution box

Technical field

The invention relates to an electric vehicle high voltage distribution box.

Background technique

Electric vehicle (BEV) refers to a vehicle that is driven by a vehicle power source and drives the wheels with a motor to meet the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations.

At present, electric vehicles use the vehicle battery as the power source, and need to distribute the DC power of the battery output to the electric appliances on the electric vehicle. The most important ones are the power motor, and also the steering motor, the car air conditioner, the car water heating, and the car. The electric power supply DC/DC, etc., except for the power motor, the other is called the vehicle electrical equipment. In addition, charging the battery also needs to transfer the connector of the charger to the positive and negative poles of the battery through the distribution box. There are two types of charging, one is fast charging, the other is slow charging. These connectors need to be plugged in the distribution box, and because the space is small, in order to isolate these connectors in a systematic manner, Traditional distribution boxes are not sufficient to complete the distribution on electric vehicles.

At present, the industry has devised some distribution boxes suitable for electric vehicles. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 204464899 U discloses an electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box, which includes a cabinet, and the cabinet has a main body. a control box, a power supply box, and a PCB board for routing, the side of the cabinet is provided with a plurality of high voltage output ports connected to the PCB board; and the PCB board is provided with a plurality of high voltage output ports Corresponding distribution circuit, the power distribution circuit includes a low voltage connector, a high voltage DC contactor, a high voltage connector, and a fuse disposed between the high voltage connectors. The electric vehicle high-voltage power distribution box disclosed by the utility model has high integration degree, and adopts a PCB board to replace the copper row and cable structure of the high-voltage power distribution box in the prior art, and integrates the high and low voltage lines on the PCB board, adopting The printed circuit replaces the layout of the high and low voltage harnesses in the box, which not only reduces the volume of the box, saves the space of the whole vehicle, but also enhances the anti-electromagnetic interference capability of the cabinet. However, the fuse is connected to the high-voltage connector, and the high-voltage DC contactor is used to realize various connections, because the high-voltage DC contactor is large in volume, high in cost, and short in service life.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a high-voltage distribution box for an electric vehicle, which is adopted in a distribution box, in view of the shortcomings caused by various high-voltage DC diapers which are large in size, high in cost and short in service life in the automobile distribution box. The electronic switches controlled by the dedicated control module enable various connections.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention for achieving the technical purpose thereof is: an electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box, comprising a box body, a PCB board disposed in the box body for routing, and a device for setting the box body The connector for connecting the battery, the power motor, the vehicle electrical device, and the battery charger on the side, the connector is connected to each other through a trace in the PCB board; on the PCB board, the connector of the battery positive electrode and the power motor The positive connector is controlled by a positive contactor; the positive connector of the charger and the positive connector of the battery are controlled by a charging contactor, and the electronic switch controlled by the control module is connected to each of the vehicle electrical and battery positive connector wires. Control; each control module is respectively connected to a low-voltage communication connector disposed on the cabinet.

In the invention, the electronic switch controlled by the control module with small volume, low cost and long service life is used to realize various connections, and the high-voltage distribution box of the electric vehicle can be small in size, low in cost and long in service life.

The vehicle-mounted electrical equipment includes a water heater, a steering device, an air conditioner, and a DC/DC converter. After the battery positive connector is connected to the control module, the water heater, the steering device, the air conditioner, and the DC/DC converter connector are connected. The fuse is also connected in series.

Further, in the above-mentioned electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box, the charger includes a fast charge charger and a slow charge charger, and the fast charge charger and the slow charge charger are connected to the positive and negative connectors, and are in slow charging. A fuse is provided at the outlet of the positive connector of the device.

Further, in the above-mentioned electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box, a main fuse is disposed on the battery negative connector.

Further, in the above-mentioned electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box, a current transformer is disposed on the battery negative connector.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage distribution box for an electric vehicle of the present invention.

2 is a view showing the internal structure of the high voltage distribution box of the electric vehicle of the present invention.

detailed description

Embodiment 1 This embodiment is an electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box, which is a small-sized distribution box. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the power distribution box can realize the line transfer for charging the battery, the battery powers the power motor, the battery supplies power to the vehicle electrical appliance, and the transferred line is disposed in the box 1 by a piece. On a PCB board 2, as shown in Figure 2, a series of electronic switches, fuses, and control modules are disposed on the PCB. The battery, the power motor, the on-board electrical appliances, and the charger are connected to the side of the cabinet 1 through wires. On connector 3. In this embodiment, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are positively and negatively connected with the positive and negative poles of the power motor, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery and the water heater, the steering device, the air conditioner, the positive and negative poles of the DC/DC converter, and the quick charger and The connection between the positive and negative poles of the slow charger and the positive and negative poles of the battery are set on the PCB board 2. The connector 3 on the side of the cabinet 1 has: battery positive and negative poles, power Positive and negative connectors of the motor, positive and negative connectors, water heaters, steering gears, air conditioners, positive and negative connectors of DC/DC converters, positive and negative connectors for fast chargers and slow chargers, positive and negative batteries, The positive and negative poles of the power motor, the water heater, the steering gear, the air conditioner, the positive and negative poles of the DC/DC converter, the positive and negative poles of the quick charger and the slow charger are all connected to the side of the cabinet 1 through wires. On the connector 3 of the user, the following is convenient for description. When it is said who is connected with whom, it is no longer pointed out that the connector is connected. Only who is connected with whom, for example, the positive pole of the battery is connected with the positive pole of the power motor, which is actually the positive connection of the battery. Positive connector with power motor.

As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, five 30A fuses 7, one 315A fuse 8, a total of six fuses, four control modules 5, and a control module can be seen on the PCB board of the chassis. 5 controlled electronic switch, there is also a positive contactor 4 and a charging contactor 6. There is also a 300A current transformer for measuring the current output from the battery or the current input during charging. Here, the positive contactor 4 and the charging contactor 6 are some electronic switches, and the opening/closing of the switch is realized by a control circuit. In practice, the current of the power motor is large and fast. The charging current at the time of rapid charging is also very large, reaching 100 A or more. Therefore, ordinary semiconductor switches such as a switching transistor, a switching MOS tube, and the like cannot be used. Therefore, the positive contactor 4 and the charging contactor 6 are used here. The contactors are also controlled by a control module disposed on the circuit board, and some on-board electrical appliances, such as the water heaters, steering gears, air conditioners, DC/DC converters, etc., which are used above, have relatively small operating currents. Generally less than 30A, therefore, some semiconductor electronic switching tubes, such as switching transistors or switching MOS tubes, can be used, such as low cost, small size, good switching effect, and long life.

Between the positive pole of the battery and the positive pole of the power motor is a controllable positive contactor 4, and the positive contactor 4 brings a control signal from outside the tank by means of a communication line. Between the positive pole of the battery and the water heater, the steering gear, the air conditioner, and the positive pole of the DC/DC converter, a 40A semiconductor electronic switch controlled by the control module 5 is first added to the positive output of the battery, and is heated to the water. A 30A fuse 7 is also added to the positive pole of the steering gear, steering gear, air conditioner, and DC/DC converter. Since the electronic switch itself is small in size, low in cost and long in life, and the control module 5 itself is a control circuit provided on the PCB board, the five connecting switches are small in size, so that the volume of the entire distribution box is reduced.

The negative pole of the power battery is directly connected to the negative pole of the battery. The negative pole of the water heater, the steering gear and the DC/DC converter is controlled by the control module to connect the negative pole of the battery. Since the vehicle air conditioner itself has a control system, the negative pole of the air conditioner is also directly connected. The negative pole of the battery, such as the positive pole of the battery, the power motor, the water heater, the steering, the air conditioner, the positive pole of the DC/DC converter, and then from the power motor, water heater, steering, air conditioner, DC/DC converter The negative pole returns to the negative pole of the battery to form a loop, fuse. The control module and the main contactor are the controllers on this circuit, and their connected traces are on the PCB board 2.

In addition, the wiring for charging the battery is also on the PCB board 2 in the distribution box, and there are two kinds of charging, a quick charger and a slow charger. When the fast charger and the slow charger are connected to the positive pole of the battery, A charging contactor that controls its channel is required, and a 30A fuse is also provided at the positive output of the slow charger. The negative terminals of the fast charger and slow charger are directly connected to the negative terminal of the battery.

In this embodiment, the main insurance 8 is also called the total insurance. In this embodiment, the 315A fuse is used, which is installed on the negative pole of the battery. In addition, in order to facilitate the understanding of the working condition, the wire connected to the negative pole of the battery is provided. The current transformer measures the total current.

In this embodiment, a controllable module is used in each battery-powered circuit and battery charging circuit, such as a positive contactor, a charging contactor, and other electronic switches controlled by various control modules, which are controlled by low voltage. The communication line is connected from the low-voltage communication connector to the outside of the high-voltage distribution box, and then to various places, such as on the bridge, the main controller of the car, etc., to receive control signals outside the distribution box, and these control signals may be Automatically generated by the main control unit of the vehicle, or generated by the driver during operation, some control signals, such as the semiconductor electronic switch controlled by the control module 5 on the connection line between the negative pole of the air conditioner and the negative pole of the battery, It is possible to control the electronic switch by a control signal generated by a button mounted on the bridge, and the electronic switch controlled by the control module 5 mounted on the negative electrode of the steering electrode and the negative pole of the battery can also be generated by the driver through the relevant operation on the steering wheel. The corresponding control signal is transmitted to the control module 5 in the distribution box through the communication line, and the control module 5 receives the data according to the reception. The control signal to the control of the electronic switch is turned on. Of course, the positive contactor and the charging contactor also need to have control signals for control to achieve on-off conversion. Only one of the two contactors is closed at the same time. In other words, in practice, whether it is slow charging or fast charging and power motor only have one job. In this embodiment, the control module is a module for controlling the electronic switch, and includes a control signal generating module, such as a control signal generated by receiving other modules, and a driving circuit for driving the electronic switch to determine/close, as currently Using a relatively large number of MOS electronic switch tubes, the generated control signal is directly applied to the gate of the MOS transistor. These control modules and electronic switch tubes are small in size, low in cost, and long in service life. In this embodiment, such a small-sized, low-cost, long-life control module and an electronic switch combination are used in place of the currently widely used high-voltage DC contactor, thereby realizing the goal of making the distribution box small in size, low in cost, and long in service life. Widely welcomed by users.

In short, in this embodiment, the PCB board 2 is used in the distribution box, the battery, the power motor, The charger and the power cords of many on-board electrical appliances are connected to the distribution box through the respective connectors 3 disposed on the side of the cabinet 1, and the battery and the power motor, the charger, and many other vehicle-mounted appliances are realized on the PCB board 2. The connection or disconnection between the battery, the power motor, the fast charging and the like has a connector 3 for each of the positive and negative poles, and the other vehicle-mounted appliances each have only one connector 3, and the loop is set on the PCB board 2 There are controllers and fuses. The main circuit is as follows:

The first circuit is called the power circuit, the battery positive pole - the distribution box - the positive pole of the power motor - the negative pole of the power motor - the distribution box - the battery negative. In this circuit, the first route to the distribution box is: battery positive connector 3 - PCB board 2 - positive contactor 4 - PCB board 2 - motor positive connector. The second route to the distribution box is: motor negative connector 3 - PCB board 2 - total fuse 8 - PCB board 2 - battery negative connector.

The second circuit is a fast charging circuit, fast charging positive - distribution box - battery positive - battery negative - distribution box - fast charge negative. In this circuit, the first route to the distribution box is: fast charge positive connector 3 - PCB board 2 - charging contactor - PCB board 2 - battery positive connector 3; the second time into The route of the distribution box is: battery negative connector - PCB board 2 - total fuse 8 - PCB board 2 - fast charge negative pole connector 3.

The third loop is a slow charging loop, a slow charge fast charge positive pole - distribution box - battery positive - battery negative - distribution box - slow charge negative. In this circuit, the first route to the distribution box is: slow charge positive connector 3 - PCB board 2 - 30A fuse 7 - charging contactor - PCB board 2 - battery positive connector 3; The second route to the distribution box is: battery negative connector - PCB board 2 - total fuse 8 - PCB board 2 - slow charge negative pole connector 3.

In addition, there are some electric circuits for on-board electrical appliances. The main automotive electrical appliances have air conditioners, water heaters, and some DC electrical devices are converted from DC/DC circuits to other DC electrical appliances. They are all used in the distribution box. Electricity, the loop is consistent. Called the car electrical circuit, the battery positive - distribution box - car electrical in the positive power supply - car electrical in the negative power supply - distribution box - battery negative. In this loop, the route to the distribution box for the first time is: positive battery wiring 3 - PCB board 2 - 30 fuse 7 - PCB board 2 - car electrical connector. The second route to the distribution box is: car electrical connector 3 - PCB board 2 - electronic switch controlled by control module 5 - total fuse 8 - PCB board 2 - battery negative connector.

Claims

An electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box comprises a box body (1), a PCB board (2) disposed in the box body (1) for routing, and a side surface of the box body (1) Connecting the battery, the power motor, the vehicle electrical appliance, the connector of the battery charger (3), the connector (3) is connected to each other through a trace in the PCB board (2); in the PCB board (2) ), the positive electrode connector (3) and the power motor positive connector (3) are controlled by a positive contactor (4); the charger positive connector (3) and the battery positive connector (3) are routed. The charging contactor (6) is controlled by the electronic switch controlled by the control module (5) on each of the vehicle electrical device and the battery positive connector (3); the control modules (5) are respectively set. A low voltage communication connector on the cabinet (1).
The electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box according to claim 1, wherein the on-vehicle electrical equipment comprises a water heater, a steering gear, an air conditioner, and a DC/DC converter.
The electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box according to claim 1, wherein the charger comprises a fast charge charger and a slow charge charger, and the fast charge charger and the slow charge charger are connected to the positive and negative connectors. A fuse (7) is provided at the outlet of the positive connector of the slow charge charger.
The electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the main fuse (8) is provided on the battery negative connector.
The electric vehicle high-voltage distribution box according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein a current transformer is provided on the battery negative connector.