CN111391448A - 一种高阻隔食品膜及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种高阻隔食品膜,其为流延膜且流延膜包括依次设置的外基材层、中基材层和内基材层;外基材层和内基材层均采用LDPE,外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为63.0~64.0%,内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0~55.5%;中基材层包括以下组分:2.0~3.0质量份的纳米银、65~70质量份的乙烯‑乙烯醇共聚物、0.5~0.75质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、1.5~2.0质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.5~0.6质量份的甘油、10~13质量份的聚乙烯醇和2.0~3.0质量份的马来酸酐;具有高阻隔和持续抗菌的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品贮存领域,特别地,涉及一种高阻隔食品膜及其制备工艺。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高,食品安全问题越来越受到重视。在食品生产过程中,包装材料的性能往往对食品的保质期有着较大影响。空气中的水分、微生物以及部分气体影响着食品的保质期,因此将食品和空气隔离是包装材料的必要条件。
目前,保鲜膜主要是从以下几个方面达到对食物的保鲜作用:一是抑制或减缓果蔬成熟的进程,通过在保鲜膜中添加乙烯吸收剂来降低保鲜膜内的乙烯浓度,从而有效减缓果蔬的呼吸强度、减缓营养消耗和延长保鲜期;二是通过气调作用,自动调节氧气和二氧化碳保持一定的气体浓度,利用呼吸作用消耗氧气,提高二氧化碳浓度,达到抑制果蔬自身呼吸代谢的目的,同时低氧高二氧化碳的协同作用,能有效抵抗乙烯等激素的作用,减少自身消耗,达到延长果蔬保鲜期的效果;三是通过添加防雾剂,避免果蔬中水分蒸发形成的雾气导致细菌滋生。但上述保鲜方式都是通过延缓果蔬代谢过程防止老化,并不能够阻止细菌对食物的侵蚀。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种高阻隔食品膜,具有抗菌以及持续抗菌的优点。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种高阻隔食品膜,其为流延膜且所述流延膜包括依次设置的外基材层、中基材层和内基材层;所述外基材层和所述内基材层均采用LDPE材料,所述外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为63.0~64.0%,所述内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0~55.5%;所述中基材层包括以下组分:2.0~3.0质量份的纳米银、65~70质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、0.5~0.75质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、1.5~2.0质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.5~0.6质量份的甘油、10~13质量份的聚乙烯醇和2.0~3.0质量份的马来酸酐。
采用上述技术方案,纳米银对大肠杆菌、淋球菌、沙眼衣原体等数十种致病微生物均有强烈的抑制和杀灭作用,且不会产生耐药性,可起到较好的杀菌作用。中基材层中乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯醇和马来酸酐的表面均含有相当的极性基团,其与纳米银表面形成稳定的化学键,增加其在食品膜中的结合力,使其达到缓慢释放的效果,实现长时间杀菌的可能性;外基材层中LDPE(低密度聚乙烯)的结晶度高于内基材层中LDPE的结晶度,外基材中LDPE的支化度更高,其接触面更高,在本申请的结晶度控制下外基材层对中基材层中的纳米银的排斥力更强,使得纳米银集中向与食品接触的内基材层释放,实现定向杀菌,减少纳米银的无效杀菌,提高杀菌持久性;利用甲基硅酸钠与聚乙烯醇、甘油以及乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的脱水交联,实现“反毛细管效应”,具有较好的微膨胀作用,为纳米银的释放提供通道;利用聚丙烯酸钠的阴性电荷对体系的排斥作用以及马来酸酐的调节作用,对体系起到较好的分散作用,提供相容性;甘油还能起到润滑和分散作用。利用三层基材层对包装物的隔离,特别是具有对空气起到较好隔离作用的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物,具有高阻隔性。
优选的,所述外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度63.5%,所述内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0%;所述中基材层包括以下组分:2.4质量份的纳米银、68质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、0.6质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、1.8质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.55质量份的甘油、12质量份的聚乙烯醇和2.4质量份的马来酸酐。
优选的,所述外基材层质量分数占比为39.5~40.5%,所述中基材层质量分数占比为21.5~22.5%,所述内基材层质量分数占比为37.5~38.5%。
采用上述技术方案,提高产品抗收缩性。
优选的,所述中基材层中还包括0.8质量份的纳米氧化锌和1.0质量份的羟甲基纤维素。
采用上述技术方案,通过纳米氧化锌和纳米银的联用,作用形成网状结构,使其可作为支撑骨架,有利于提高产品收缩性。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种高阻隔食品膜的制备工艺。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种高阻隔食品膜的制备工艺,包括以下步骤:
S1:将中基材层的原料按配比在反应罐中混合,通过挤出得到中基材层;
S2:按质量分数配比来计算外基材层、中基材层和内基材层的厚度,并分别按计算的厚度对其挤出;然后按流延膜的工艺处理得到所述一种高阻隔食品膜。
本发明技术效果主要体现在以下方面:持久抗菌、定向抗菌,高阻隔,抗收缩。
具体实施方式
实施例1、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),包括依次设置的外基材层、中基材层和内基材层,其制备工艺包括以下步骤:
S1:将中基材层的原料按配比在反应罐中混合,通过挤出得到中基材层;
S2:按质量分数配比来计算外基材层、中基材层和内基材层的厚度,并分别按计算的厚度对其挤出;然后按流延膜的工艺处理得到一种高阻隔食品膜;
其中,外基材层采用来源于Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.Ltd.的LDPE薄膜,其采用的LDPE的结晶度为63.5%;
中基材层包括以下组分:2.4质量份的纳米银(广州博峰化工科技有限公司绿洲牌NANO-AG-P100)、68.0质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.Ltd.)、0.6质量份的聚丙烯酸钠(Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.Ltd.)、1.8质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.55质量份的甘油、12.0质量份的聚乙烯醇(Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.Ltd.)和2.4质量份的马来酸酐;
内基材层采用来源于Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.Ltd.的LDPE薄膜,其采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0%;
外基材层质量分数占比为40.0%,中基材层质量分数占比为22.0%,内基材层质量分数占比为38.0%。
实施例2、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,
外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为63.0%;
中基材层包括以下组分:2.0质量份的纳米银、65.0质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、0.50质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、1.5质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.5质量份的甘油、10.0质量份的聚乙烯醇和2.0质量份的马来酸酐;
内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0%。
实施例3、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,
外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为64.0%;
中基材层包括以下组分:3.0质量份的纳米银、70.0质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、0.75质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、2.0质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.6质量份的甘油、13.0质量份的聚乙烯醇和3.0质量份的马来酸酐;
内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.5%。
实施例4a、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层质量分数占比为39.5%,中基材层质量分数占比为22.5%,内基材层质量分数占比为38.0%。
实施例4b、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层质量分数占比为40.5%,中基材层质量分数占比为22.0%,内基材层质量分数占比为37.5%。
实施例4c、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层质量分数占比为40.0%,中基材层质量分数占比为21.5%,内基材层质量分数占比为38.5%。
实施例4d、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层质量分数占比为33.3%,中基材层质量分数占比为33.4%,内基材层质量分数占比为33.3%。
实施例4e、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层质量分数占比为45.0%,中基材层质量分数占比为10.0%,内基材层质量分数占比为45.5%。
实施例4f、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层质量分数占比为30.0%,中基材层质量分数占比为40.0%,内基材层质量分数占比为30.0%。
实施例5、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,
中基材层包括以下组分:2.4质量份的纳米银(广州博峰化工科技有限公司绿洲牌NANO-AG-P100)、68.0质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.Ltd.)、0.6质量份的聚丙烯酸钠(Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.Ltd.)、1.8质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.55质量份的甘油、12.0质量份的聚乙烯醇(Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co.Ltd.)、2.4质量份的马来酸酐、0.8质量份的纳米氧化锌和1.0质量份的羟甲基纤维素;
外基材层质量分数占比为39.9%,中基材层质量分数占比为22.2%,内基材层质量分数占比为37.9%。
对比例1a、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为63.0%;内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为63.0%。
对比例1b、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0%;内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0%。
对比例1c、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为62.0%;内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为56.5%。
对比例2a、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,中基材层包括以下组分:2.4质量份的纳米银和68.0质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物。
对比例2b、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,中基材层包括以下组分:2.4质量份的纳米银、60.0质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、0.88质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、1.0质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.3质量份的甘油、2.5质量份的聚乙烯醇和0.5质量份的马来酸酐。
对比例2c、一种高阻隔食品膜(流延膜),与实施例1的区别在于,中基材层包括以下组分:2.4质量份的纳米银、73.0质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、0.40质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、0.2质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.2质量份的甘油、3.1质量份的聚乙烯醇和4.6质量份的马来酸酐。
对比例3a:一种食品膜,选用实施例1的内基材层。
对比例3b:一种食品膜,选用实施例1的外基材层。
抗菌性能测试
按GB/T31402-2015/ISO 22196:2007(IDT)对样品进行测试。测试结果如表1和表2所示。
表1和表2显示:(1)相比对比例3a(或对比例3b),实施例1-5系列以及对比例1-2系列的内基材层(或外基材层)的对大肠杆菌ATCC8739和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538P的抗菌性能均有所提高;(2)在接种24hr、7d、30d和180d后,实施例1-5系列的内基材层对大肠杆菌ATCC8739和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538P的抗菌率较高,在测试的接种时间内几乎保持高抗菌率不变,说明其具有高抗菌性且抗菌性持久,同时实施例1-5系列的外基材层对大肠杆菌ATCC8739和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538P的抗菌率极低,这可说明纳米银主要作用于内基材层;与实施例1-5系列相比,对比例1系列的内外基材层的抗菌性相差不大且其抗菌持久性差,说明抗菌持久性受内外基材层LDPE的结晶度影响;与实施例1-5系列相比,对比例2系列的内基材层的抗菌持久性差,说明抗菌持久性受中基材层的组分影响。
表1样品对大肠杆菌ATCC8739的抗菌性能测试
(接种菌液浓度为9.5×105CFU/ml,接种菌液量为0.4ml)
表2样品对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538P的抗菌性能测试
(接种菌液浓度为5.2×105CFU/ml,接种菌液量为0.4ml)
热收缩性能测试
按GB/T13542.2对样品进行测试,在恒温箱中进行测试。测试结果如表3所示。
表3显示:(1)相比实施例4d、4e和4f,实施例1、4a、4b和4c的横向热收缩小,说明在其他条件相同的情况下,按实施例1、4a、4b和4c的外基材层、中基材层和内基材层质量分数占比得到的样品的抗收缩性佳;(2)相比实施例1,实施例5的横向热收缩小,说明在其他条件相同的情况下,按实施例5的中基材层组分信息得到的样品的抗收缩性佳。
表3热收缩性测试
横向热收缩(%) | |
实施例1 | 0.04 |
实施例4a | 0.05 |
实施例4b | 0.05 |
实施例4c | 0.04 |
实施例4d | 0.12 |
实施例4e | 0.23 |
实施例4f | 0.42 |
实施例5 | 0.02 |
当然,以上只是本发明的典型实例,除此之外,本发明还可以有其它多种具体实施方式,凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明要求保护的范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种高阻隔食品膜,其特征是,所述一种高阻隔食品膜为流延膜且所述流延膜包括依次设置的外基材层、中基材层和内基材层;所述外基材层和所述内基材层均采用LDPE材料,所述外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为63.0~64.0%,所述内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0~55.5%;所述中基材层包括以下组分:2.0~3.0质量份的纳米银、65~70质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、0.5~0.75质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、1.5~2.0质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.5~0.6质量份的甘油、10~13质量份的聚乙烯醇和2.0~3.0质量份的马来酸酐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻隔食品膜,其特征是,所述外基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度63.5%,所述内基材层采用的LDPE的结晶度为55.0%;所述中基材层包括以下组分:2.4质量份的纳米银、68质量份的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、0.6质量份的聚丙烯酸钠、1.8质量份的甲基硅酸钠、0.55质量份的甘油、12质量份的聚乙烯醇和2.4质量份的马来酸酐。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高阻隔食品膜,其特征是,所述外基材层质量分数占比为39.5~40.5%,所述中基材层质量分数占比为21.5~22.5%,所述内基材层质量分数占比为37.5~38.5%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种高阻隔食品膜,其特征是,所述中基材层中还包括0.8质量份的纳米氧化锌和1.0质量份的羟甲基纤维素。
5.一种高阻隔食品膜的制备工艺,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
S1:将中基材层的原料按配比在反应罐中混合,通过挤出得到中基材层;
S2:按质量分数配比来计算外基材层、中基材层和内基材层的厚度,并分别按计算的厚度对其挤出;然后按流延膜的工艺处理得到所述一种高阻隔食品膜。
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