CN111391422A - 一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料 - Google Patents

一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料 Download PDF

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CN111391422A
CN111391422A CN202010172834.6A CN202010172834A CN111391422A CN 111391422 A CN111391422 A CN 111391422A CN 202010172834 A CN202010172834 A CN 202010172834A CN 111391422 A CN111391422 A CN 111391422A
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layer
impact
resistant
composite material
plate layer
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齐燕燕
郑威
孔令美
薛亚娟
王宝春
徐洪敏
王小兵
王炤亮
高泉喜
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Shandong Non Metallic Material Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明属于复合材料轻量化技术领域，具体涉及一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料,主要由上面板层、下面板层和抗冲击板层组成，上面板层和下面板层之间设置有抗冲击板层，抗冲击板层与下面板层之间设置有轻质夹芯层，抗冲击板层与上面板层之间设置有抗冲击泡沫层；上面板层表面设置有保护层；各材料层之间都使用胶黏剂粘接。本发明提供的抗冲击夹芯复合材料，重量轻，刚度好，可设计性强，兼具刚度及优良的抗冲击性能，根据冲击性能的要求调节夹芯复合材料的厚度。

Description

一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料轻量化技术领域，具体涉及一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料。
背景技术
夹芯复合材料为作为更轻、更强、更有竞争力的产品，已广泛应用于航空航天、交通运输、船舶和建筑等行业。夹芯复合材料一般为上下两层抗拉抗压性能的表层材料、轻质并抗剪切的夹芯材料和胶黏剂构成。
专利CN107415343A提供的一种多层柔性缓冲夹芯材料及其制备方法，结构支撑层采用将剪切增稠流体分散在软式聚氨酯发泡结构中，覆盖保护层采用天然纤维或合成纤维为原料得到的混纺织物，采用热压方式将其置于结构支撑层的上下两面。CN 207549618U提供的一种轻量化、抗冲击复合材料夹芯结构件，将混编纤维增强热固性复合材料、纤维增强热塑性复合材料、泡沫夹芯相结合。以上专利的柔性缓冲夹芯结构和泡沫夹芯结构都具有一定的抗冲击性，但其结构都无法承受装甲车辆上从高处坠落的炮弹的反复冲击。
因此现在亟需设计一种抗冲击性的夹芯复合材料质量轻，具有优良的抗冲击性能，可以接受弹壳的反复冲击力。
发明内容
针对上述的技术问题，本发明提供了一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，是具有高强度的轻量化复合材料，具有质量轻，方便移动，刚度好，可设计性强，兼具刚度及优良的抗冲击性能，可以承受弹壳的反复冲击。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，主要由上面板层、下面板层和抗冲击板层组成，上面板层和下面板层之间设置有抗冲击板层，所述抗冲击板层与下面板层之间设置有轻质夹芯层，所述抗冲击板层与上面板中间设置有抗冲击泡沫层；所述上面板层表面设置有保护层；各材料层之间都使用胶黏剂粘接。
优选地，保护层可通过市购得到，选择橡胶花纹输送带材料作为保护层。保护层的面层为橡胶，底层为棉帆布、尼龙帆布、EP帆布、金属网中的一种；进一步优选地，保护层的面层带有条状、人字型、圆柱型等防滑的花纹，橡胶中纤维的体积含量为0％～45％，纤维混在橡胶中。保护层起缓冲及防滑作用。当弹壳落下时，在弹壳较大的冲击作用下，面层的橡胶对弹壳的冲击起到很大的缓冲力，底层和橡胶中纤维起加强保护的作用，在弹壳较大的冲击作用下，不致于使保护层在较大的冲击力下断裂。
优选地，保护层中纤维选用玻璃纤维。
优选地，上面板层和下面板层为玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料、碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料、芳纶纤维增强树脂基复合材料、铝合金、钛合金中的一种，上面板层的厚度为1.5mm～3mm，下面板层的厚度为1.5mm～3mm；进一步优选地，上下面板厚度相同，材质相同，提高结构的稳定性。
优选地，抗冲击泡沫层为聚乙烯泡沫、EVA泡沫、三元乙丙橡胶泡沫中的一种，厚度为10mm～20mm，有效的吸收冲击能量，可起缓冲作用。
优选地，抗冲击板层为轻质的铝合金或钛合金中的一种，厚度为2mm～3mm。有效吸收冲击能量，减少冲击损伤，增加整体复合材料的刚性。
优选地，轻质夹芯层为聚氯乙烯泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫、聚酰亚胺泡沫、环氧树脂泡沫、聚丙烯蜂窝、聚碳酸酯蜂窝、Balsa轻木材料中的一种，厚度为15mm～20mm。在弹壳冲击下轻质夹芯层可起缓冲作用，还可增加整体复合材料板的刚性。
优选地，胶黏剂为聚氨酯结构胶黏剂、环氧树脂胶黏剂、氯丁橡胶胶黏剂中的一种。
优选地，粘接压力为0.1MPa～0.5MPa。
本发明的抗冲击夹芯复合材料是依次按结构示意图由下到上粘接。
本发明中保护层，起缓冲及防滑作用，在弹壳冲击作用下，通过纤维传递，纤维增强橡胶材料可有效增大冲击面积，增强纤维和底层对整体的保护层起加强保护的作用，在弹壳较大的冲击作用下，不致于使保护层在较大的冲击力下断裂。通过抗冲击泡沫层和抗冲击层的变形，有效吸收冲击能量，减小对高刚度结构单元的冲击损害，在弹壳冲击下，轻质夹芯层可起缓冲作用，还可增加整体复合材料板的刚性。本发明提供过的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，重量轻，刚度好，可设计性强，兼具刚度及优良的抗冲击性能，根据冲击性能的要求调节夹芯复合材料的厚度。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图中，1为保护层，2为上面板层，3为抗冲击泡沫层，4为抗冲击板层，5为轻质夹芯层，6为下面板层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所有实施例的抗冲击夹芯复合材料是依次按结构示意图由下到上粘接；本发明的保护层通过市购得到，选择橡胶花纹输送带材料作为保护层。
实施例1
一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，主要由上面板层2、下面板层6和抗冲击板层4组成，上面板层2和下面板层6之间设置有抗冲击板层4，抗冲击板层4与下面板层6之间设置有轻质夹芯层5，抗冲击板层4与上面板层2之间设置有抗冲击泡沫层3；上面板层2表面设置有保护层1；上面板层2与保护层1之间、上面板层2与抗冲击泡沫层3之间、抗冲击泡沫层3与抗冲击板层4之间、4抗冲击板层与轻质夹芯层5之间以及轻质夹芯层5与下面板层6之间都使用胶黏剂粘接。
保护层1的面层为含有玻璃纤维的圆柱型花纹的橡胶，底层为棉纺布，橡胶中玻璃纤维的体积含量为45％，纤维混在橡胶中；以厚度为3mm厚的玻璃纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂复合材料作为上面板层2和下面板层6，以厚度为10mm厚PE泡沫为抗冲击泡沫层3，以厚度为2mm厚铝合金为抗冲击板层4，以厚度为20mm厚的环氧树脂泡沫为轻质夹芯层5，用WS J-628环氧树脂胶黏剂在0.1MPa压力下实现粘接各材料层成抗冲击夹芯复合材料。该抗冲击夹芯复合材料的剪切应力为282kPa，承受5kg弹壳反复冲击次数大于2500次。
实施例2
一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，主要由上面板层2、下面板层6和抗冲击板层4组成，上面板层2和下面板层6之间设置有抗冲击板层4，抗冲击板层4与下面板层6之间设置有轻质夹芯层5，抗冲击板层4与上面板层2之间设置有抗冲击泡沫层3；上面板层2表面设置有保护层1；上面板层2与保护层1之间、上面板层2与抗冲击泡沫层3之间、抗冲击泡沫层3与抗冲击板层4之间、4抗冲击板层与轻质夹芯层5之间以及轻质夹芯层5与下面板层6之间都使用胶黏剂粘接。
保护层1的面层为含有玻璃纤维的人字型花纹的橡胶，底层为尼龙纺布，橡胶中玻璃纤维的体积含量为25％，纤维混在橡胶中；以厚度为2.5mm厚的碳纤维增强乙烯基树脂复合材料作为上面板层2和下面板层6，以厚度为10mm厚EVA泡沫为抗冲击泡沫层3，以厚度为3mm厚铝合金板为抗冲击板层4，以厚度为20mm厚的PP-80聚丙烯蜂窝为轻质夹芯层5，用WSJ-760聚氨酯胶黏剂SW980乙烯基酯树脂胶黏在0.5MPa压力下实现粘接各材料层成抗冲击夹芯复合材料。该抗冲击夹芯复合材料的剪切应力为298kPa，承受5kg弹壳反复冲击次数大于3000次。
实施例3
一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，主要由上面板层2、下面板层6和抗冲击板层4组成，上面板层2和下面板层6之间设置有抗冲击板层4，抗冲击板层4与下面板层6之间设置有轻质夹芯层5，抗冲击板层4与上面板层2之间设置有抗冲击泡沫层3；上面板层2表面设置有保护层1；上面板层2与保护层1之间、上面板层2与抗冲击泡沫层3之间、抗冲击泡沫层3与抗冲击板层4之间、4抗冲击板层与轻质夹芯层5之间以及轻质夹芯层5与下面板层6之间都使用胶黏剂粘接。
保护层1的面层为含玻璃纤维的条状花纹的橡胶，底层为EP帆布，橡胶中玻璃纤维的体积含量为35％，纤维混在橡胶中；以厚度为2.5mm厚的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料作为上面层板2和以厚度为2.2mm钛合金作为下面板层6，以厚度为15mm厚三元乙丙泡沫为抗冲击泡沫层3，以厚度为3mm厚钛合金板为抗冲击板层4，以厚度为25mm厚的Balsa轻木为轻质夹芯层5，用UK8103聚氨酯胶黏剂在0.3MPa压力下实现粘接各材料层成抗冲击夹芯复合材料。该抗冲击夹芯复合材料的剪切应力为265kPa，承受1.5kg弹壳反复冲击次数大于2500次。
实施例4
一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，主要由上面板层2、下面板层6和抗冲击板层4组成，上面板层2和下面板层6之间设置有抗冲击板层4，抗冲击板层4与下面板层6之间设置有轻质夹芯层5，抗冲击板层4与上面板层2之间设置有抗冲击泡沫层3；上面板层2表面设置有保护层1；上面板层2与保护层1之间、上面板层2与抗冲击泡沫层3之间、抗冲击泡沫层3与抗冲击板层4之间、4抗冲击板层与轻质夹芯层5之间以及轻质夹芯层5与下面板层6之间都使用胶黏剂粘接。
保护层1的面层为人字型花纹的橡胶，底层为金属网，以厚度为1.5mm厚的玻璃纤维增强乙烯基树脂复合材料作为上面板层2和下面板层6，以厚度为20mm厚PE泡沫为抗冲击泡沫层3，以厚度为2mm厚钛合金板为抗冲击板层4，以厚度为20mm厚的硬质聚氨酯泡沫为轻质夹芯层5，用氯丁橡胶胶黏剂在0.15MPa压力下实现粘接成抗冲击夹芯复合材料。该抗冲击夹芯复合材料的剪切应力为257kPa，承受1.5kg弹壳反复冲击次数大于2000次。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，主要包括上面板层(2)、下面板层(6)，其特征在于，上面板层(2)和下面板层(6)之间设置有抗冲击板层(4)，所述抗冲击板层(4)与下面板层(6)之间设置有轻质夹芯层(5)，所述抗冲击板层(4)与上面板(2)之间设置有抗冲击泡沫层(3)，所述上面板层(2)表面设置有保护层(1)，各材料层之间都使用胶黏剂粘接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，所述保护层(1)的面层为橡胶，底层为棉帆布、尼龙帆布、EP帆布、金属网中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，所述橡胶中纤维的体积含量为0％～45％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，所述上面板层(2)和下面板层(6)为玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料、碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料、芳纶纤维增强树脂基复合材料、铝合金、钛合金中的一种，上面板层(2)厚度为1.5mm～3mm；下面板层(6)的厚度为1.5mm～3mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，所述上面板层(2)和下面板层(6)的厚度相同，材质相同。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，所述抗冲击泡沫层(3)为聚乙烯泡沫、EVA泡沫、三元乙丙橡胶泡沫中的一种,抗冲击层的厚度为10mm～20mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，所述抗冲击板层(4)为铝合金、钛合金中的一种,抗冲击板层的厚度为2mm～3mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，所述轻质夹芯层(5)为聚氯乙烯泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫、聚酰亚胺泡沫、环氧树脂泡沫、聚丙烯蜂窝、聚碳酸酯蜂窝、Balsa轻木材料中的一种，厚度为15mm～20mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯结构胶黏剂、环氧树脂胶黏剂、氯丁橡胶胶黏剂中的一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗冲击夹芯复合材料，其特征在于，粘接压力为0.1MPa～0.5MPa。
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