CN110605881A - 一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,包括依次设置的钛合金板、内芯层以及铝合金板;内芯层包括纤维层和泡沫铝层,所述纤维层的一面与所述泡沫铝层的一面粘接;纤维层的另一面与所述钛合金板粘接,所述泡沫铝层的另一面与所述铝合金板采用钎焊焊接;采用钛合金板和铝合金板作为表面承重板,泡沫铝板和纤维层作为夹心板的三明治结构,具有重量轻、高强度、高阻尼、吸能、减震、降噪、无磁性、耐腐蚀等综合性能,能够将外来冲击能量转换成热能和机械能,降低外来冲击力,降低撞击噪音,屏蔽空间的噪声和电磁波。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片。
背景技术
泡沫铝是1980年代后期国际上迅速发展起来的一种具有优异物理特性和良好机械性能的新型工程材料,由于具有比重小、刚度大、比表面大、减震性能好、消声效果好、电磁屏蔽性能高等多方面的性能,其研究处于船舶业、国防工业、汽车工业、高速列车、航空航天工业、军事等领域的技术发展前沿,并在国家安全、科学技术研究与国民经济建设中发挥着巨大的作用,如用于吸音、减震、抗冲击、吸能、电磁屏蔽、隔热、热交换等诸多场合,泡沫铝将多种功能结合在一起,是传统材料所不能达到的。
众多研究表明,基于泡沫铝的夹层结构材料,也称为三明治结构,具有比单一金属构件及泡沫铝材料更为优越的力学性能,使得复合结构在一定载荷条件下显示出最佳的力学性能。传统三明治结构是由两层金属板与泡沫铝芯层构成,受到载荷时金属板易与泡沫铝芯层脱落,在收到弯曲载荷时还可能导致芯层材料断裂。
发明内容
为解决现有的三明治结构泡沫铝结构金属层容易脱落、芯层材料容易断裂的问题,提出一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片。
一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,包括依次设置的钛合金板、内芯层以及铝合金板;
所述内芯层包括纤维层和泡沫铝层,所述纤维层的一面与所述泡沫铝层的一面粘接;
所述纤维层的另一面与所述钛合金板粘接,所述泡沫铝层的另一面与所述铝合金板采用钎焊焊接。
进一步地,所述泡沫铝层与所述铝合金板焊合的一面设置有凹部,所述铝合金板上设置有与所述凹部相适配的凸部。
进一步地,所述凹部的深度为2-3mm。
进一步地,所述钛合金板、内芯层以及铝合金板通过紧固螺栓进行固定。
进一步地,所述纤维层与所述泡沫铝层通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接;
所述纤维层与所述钛合金板通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接。
进一步地,所述抗高热聚合物黏接剂为环氧树脂胶黏剂。
进一步地,所述固化剂为胺类固化剂。
进一步地,所述纤维层为单丝纤维、单束纤维或者纤维布。
进一步地,所述纤维层的材质为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维中的一种。
进一步地,所述钛合金板的厚度为15mm至25mm,所述内芯层的厚度为20mm至60mm,所述铝合金板的厚度为15mm至25mm。
本发明提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,至少包括如下有益效果:
(1)采用钛合金板和铝合金板作为表面承重板,泡沫铝板和纤维层作为夹心板的三明治结构,具有重量轻、高强度、高阻尼、吸能、减震、降噪、无磁性、耐腐蚀等综合性能,能够将外来冲击能量转换成热能和机械能,降低外来冲击力,降低撞击噪音,屏蔽空间的噪声和电磁波;
(2)内芯层中纤维层的设置,能够大幅度提高薄片的弯曲强度、拉伸、压缩的性能。
(3)铝合金板的凸部和泡沫铝层上的凹部配合,能够有效防止铝合金板和泡沫铝层脱落。
(4)三明治结构通过螺栓紧固,能够有效防止铝合金板和泡沫铝层脱落。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片一种实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本发明提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片第二种实施例的结构示意图。
图3为本发明提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片第三种实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
参考图1,本实施例提供一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,包括依次设置的钛合金板101、内芯层102以及铝合金板103;
内芯层102包括纤维层1021和泡沫铝层1022,纤维层1021的一面与泡沫铝层1022的一面粘接;
纤维层1021的另一面与钛合金板101粘接,泡沫铝层1021的另一面与铝合金板103采用钎焊焊接。
高阻尼钛合金具有高比弹性模量和高阻尼性能,密度低。室温抗拉强度896MPa,屈服强度827MPa,延伸率10%,杨氏模量2700GPa,冲击韧性20.3-33.9J,疲劳极限565MPa。
泡沫铝的材料结构具有高阻尼减震性能及高冲击能量吸收率,阻尼性能为金属铝的5-10倍。
纤维层的设置,使得复合板具有更优的力学性能,特别是拉伸、压缩的性能。
作为一种优选的实施方式,纤维层1021与泡沫铝层1021通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接;纤维层1021与钛合金板101通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述抗高热聚合物黏接剂为环氧树脂胶黏剂。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述固化剂为胺类固化剂。
作为一种优选的实施方式,纤维层1021为单丝纤维、单束纤维或者纤维布。
进一步地,纤维层1021的材质为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维中的一种。
优选地,钛合金板101的厚度为15mm至25mm,内芯层102的厚度为20mm至60mm,铝合金板103的厚度为15mm至25mm。
本实施例还提供了一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片的制作方法,包括:
步骤S1,制备钛合金板、纤维层、泡沫铝层以及铝合金板,并对钛合金板、泡沫铝层和铝合金板的表面做净化处理。
具体地,可以通过喷砂处理或者用砂纸打磨的机械方法刮擦钛合金板和铝合金板的表面,再用酒精棉擦拭,清除表面污垢后,用清水冲洗约三分钟后烘干。采用钢丝刷或者钢丝球机械刮擦的方式,刮擦泡沫铝层表面,用清水冲洗约三分钟后烘干。
步骤S2,在钛合金板的一面涂覆抗高热聚合物黏接剂,在钛合金板涂覆有抗高热聚合物黏接剂的一面贴覆纤维层,之后在泡沫铝层的一面涂覆抗高热聚合物黏接剂,将泡沫铝层涂有抗高热聚合物黏接剂与钛合金板上的纤维层进行粘接。
步骤S3,将铝合金板的一面涂抹钎焊剂,将泡沫铝层的另一面涂抹钎焊剂。
步骤S4,超声波或机械波震动下,用火焰加热铝合金板外侧至500℃至550℃,将泡沫铝层和铝合金板钎焊在一起。
对本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片进行三点弯曲、纵向压缩试验,三点弯曲强度达到60MPa,纵向压缩强度达到19.1MPa,相较于传统的三明治结构,强度得到了大幅度的提升。
本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片与同厚度的钢板的阻尼性能对比如下表:
表1
由表1可知,本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片具有更加的阻尼性能。
本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,至少包括如下有益效果:
(1)采用钛合金板和铝合金板作为表面承重板,泡沫铝板和纤维层作为夹心板的三明治结构,具有重量轻、高强度、高阻尼、吸能、减震、降噪、无磁性、耐腐蚀等综合性能,能够将外来冲击能量转换成热能和机械能,降低外来冲击力,降低撞击噪音,屏蔽空间的噪声和电磁波;
(2)内芯层中纤维层的设置,能够大幅度提高薄片的弯曲强度、拉伸、压缩的性能。
实施例二
参考图2,本实施例提供一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,包括依次设置的钛合金板201、内芯层202以及铝合金板203;
内芯层202包括纤维层2021和泡沫铝层2022,纤维层2021的一面与泡沫铝层2022的一面粘接;
纤维层2021的另一面与钛合金板201粘接,泡沫铝层2021的另一面与铝合金板203采用钎焊焊接;
泡沫铝层2022与铝合金板203焊合的一面设置有凹部204,铝合金板203上设置有与凹部204相适配的凸部205。
作为一种优选的实施方式,凹部204的深度为2mm。
作为一种优选的实施方式,纤维层2021与泡沫铝层2021通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接;纤维层2021与钛合金板201通过抗高温聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述抗高热聚合物黏接剂为环氧树脂胶黏剂。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述固化剂为胺类固化剂。
作为一种优选的实施方式,纤维层2021为单丝纤维、单束纤维或者纤维布。
进一步地,纤维层2021的材质为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维中的一种。
优选地,钛合金板201的厚度为15mm至25mm,内芯层202的厚度为20mm至60mm,铝合金板203的厚度为15mm至25mm。
本实施例还提供了一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片的制作方法,包括:
步骤S21,制备钛合金板、纤维层、泡沫铝层以及铝合金板,并在所述泡沫铝层的一面上加工凹部,在所述铝合金板上加工与凹部相适配的凸部。
步骤S22,对钛合金板、泡沫铝层和铝合金板的表面做净化处理。
具体地,可以通过喷砂处理或者用砂纸打磨的机械方法刮擦钛合金板和铝合金板的表面,再用酒精棉擦拭,清除表面污垢后,用清水冲洗约三分钟后烘干。采用钢丝刷或者钢丝球机械刮擦的方式,刮擦泡沫铝层表面,用清水冲洗约三分钟后烘干。
步骤S23,在钛合金板的一面涂覆抗高热聚合物黏接剂,在钛合金板涂覆有抗高热聚合物黏接剂的一面贴覆纤维层,之后在泡沫铝层没有凹部的一面涂覆抗高热聚合物黏接剂,将泡沫铝层涂有抗高热聚合物黏接剂与钛合金板上的纤维层进行粘接。
步骤S24,将铝合金板设有凸部的一面涂抹钎焊剂,将泡沫铝层的另一面涂抹钎焊剂。
步骤S25,将泡沫铝层上的凹部与铝合金板上的凸部对位,将超声波或机械波震动下,用火焰加热铝合金板外侧至500℃至550℃,将泡沫铝层和铝合金板钎焊在一起。
本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,钛合金板与泡沫铝层之间设置纤维层,能够有效增强弯曲强度、拉伸、压缩的性能,铝合金板的凸部和泡沫铝层上的凹部配合,能够有效防止铝合金板和泡沫铝层脱落。
对本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片进行三点弯曲、纵向压缩试验,三点弯曲强度达到61MPa,纵向压缩强度达到20MPa,相较于传统的三明治结构,强度得到了大幅度的提升。
对本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片进行撞击试验,试验结果如下:
表2
试验表明,本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片具体较高的强度。
实施例三
参考图3,本实施例提供一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,包括依次设置的钛合金板301、内芯层302以及铝合金板303;
内芯层302包括纤维层3021和泡沫铝层3022,纤维层3021的一面与泡沫铝层3022的一面粘接;
纤维层3021的另一面与钛合金板301粘接,泡沫铝层3021的另一面与铝合金板303采用钎焊焊接;
钛合金板301、内芯层302以及铝合金板303通过紧固螺栓304进行固定。
作为一种优选的实施方式,纤维层3021与泡沫铝层3021通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接;纤维层3021与钛合金板301通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述抗高热聚合物黏接剂为环氧树脂胶黏剂。
作为一种优选的实施方式,所述固化剂为胺类固化剂。
作为一种优选的实施方式,纤维层3021为单丝纤维、单束纤维或者纤维布。
进一步地,纤维层3021的材质为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维中的一种。
优选地,钛合金板301的厚度为15mm至25mm,内芯层302的厚度为20mm至60mm,铝合金板303的厚度为15mm至25mm。
本实施例还提供了一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片的制作方法,包括:
步骤S31,制备钛合金板、纤维层、泡沫铝层以及铝合金板,在所述铝合金板、泡沫铝层、钛合金板上加工螺孔,并对钛合金板、泡沫铝层和铝合金板的表面做净化处理。
具体地,可以通过喷砂处理或者用砂纸打磨的机械方法刮擦钛合金板和铝合金板的表面,再用酒精棉擦拭,清除表面污垢后,用清水冲洗约三分钟后烘干。采用钢丝刷或者钢丝球机械刮擦的方式,刮擦泡沫铝层表面,用清水冲洗约三分钟后烘干。
步骤S32,在钛合金板的一面涂覆抗高热聚合物黏接剂,在钛合金板涂覆有抗高热聚合物黏接剂的一面贴覆纤维层,之后在泡沫铝层的一面涂覆抗高热聚合物黏接剂,将泡沫铝层涂有抗高热聚合物黏接剂与钛合金板上的纤维层进行粘接。
步骤S33,将铝合金板设有凸起的一面涂抹钎焊剂,将泡沫铝层的另一面涂抹钎焊剂。
步骤S34,将超声波或机械波震动下,用火焰加热铝合金板外侧至500℃至550℃,将泡沫铝层和铝合金板钎焊在一起。
步骤S35,将螺栓拧入铝合金板、泡沫铝层和钛合金板上的螺孔,将三明治结构紧固。
本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,钛合金板与泡沫铝层之间设置纤维层,能够有效增强弯曲强度、拉伸、压缩的性能,三明治结构通过螺栓紧固,能够有效防止铝合金板和泡沫铝层脱落。
对本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片进行三点弯曲、纵向压缩试验,三点弯曲强度达到60MPa,纵向压缩强度达到19MPa,相较于传统的三明治结构,强度得到了大幅度的提升。
对本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片进行撞击试验,试验结果如下:
表3
试验表明,本实施例提供的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片具体较高的强度。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式,在此应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出改进,但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,包括依次设置的钛合金板、内芯层以及铝合金板;
所述内芯层包括纤维层和泡沫铝层,所述纤维层的一面与所述泡沫铝层的一面粘接;
所述纤维层的另一面与所述钛合金板粘接,所述泡沫铝层的另一面与所述铝合金板采用钎焊焊接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述泡沫铝层与所述铝合金板焊合的一面设置有凹部,所述铝合金板上设置有与所述凹部相适配的凸部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述凹部的深度为2-3mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述钛合金板、内芯层以及铝合金板通过紧固螺栓进行固定。
5.根据权利要求1所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述纤维层与所述泡沫铝层通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接;
所述纤维层与所述钛合金板通过抗高热聚合物黏接剂或者固化剂粘接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述抗高热聚合物黏接剂为环氧树脂胶黏剂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述固化剂为胺类固化剂。
8.根据权利要求1所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述纤维层为单丝纤维、单束纤维或者纤维布。
9.根据权利要求8所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述纤维层的材质为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维中的一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的三明治结构的泡沫铝薄片,其特征在于,所述钛合金板的厚度为15mm至25mm,所述内芯层的厚度为20mm至60mm,所述铝合金板的厚度为15mm至25mm。
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