CN111387363A - Preparation method of crispy cowhide chews suitable for pets at different stages - Google Patents
Preparation method of crispy cowhide chews suitable for pets at different stages Download PDFInfo
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- CN111387363A CN111387363A CN202010223269.1A CN202010223269A CN111387363A CN 111387363 A CN111387363 A CN 111387363A CN 202010223269 A CN202010223269 A CN 202010223269A CN 111387363 A CN111387363 A CN 111387363A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
- A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices ; Toys specially adapted for animals
- A01K15/025—Toys specially adapted for animals
- A01K15/026—Chewable toys, e.g. for dental care of pets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pet food processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of crispy cowhide chews suitable for pets at different stages, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating raw materials; (2) microwave treatment: placing the pretreated cowhide in a vacuum microwave device for vacuum microwave heating treatment; (3) slicing and shaping; (4) preparing a composite enzymolysis liquid; (5) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: placing the cut cowhide into a composite enzymolysis liquid for enzymolysis; (6) and (5) drying. The invention carries out enzymolysis on the cowhide based on vacuum microwave and composite enzymolysis technology, and permeates different functional substances according to the growth requirement to prepare new cowhide chews series products with different toughness, crispness and functional characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pet food processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of crispy cowhide chews suitable for pets at different stages.
Background
At present, the pet chews mainly belong to several categories, one is made of pure cow leather or pigskin, the pure cow leather or the pigskin is also used as the earliest dog chews, the yield is still not low, the pet chews can meet the daily chewing requirements of pet dogs, and the pure cow leather and the pigskin are chewy and are edible naturally. But also has certain disadvantages, such as indigestibility, and diarrhea or vomiting after eating by pet dogs with weak intestines and stomach; in addition, the hardness is relatively high, so that the pet is difficult to chew for young and old pets, mood is influenced, and teeth and oral cavities are easy to hurt. The second type is the combination of cow leather and meat, which greatly increases the palatability of the chew after adding meat, and enables more dogs to more actively bite and chew. The chew evolved from an edible toy into a functional pet treat. The two types of chew products have a considerable market share in the market, are well favored by producers, consumers and pets, but have the common characteristic that a large amount of natural cowhide is used as a raw material. Because most dental products are too hard,
the cow leather chewing gum products in the current market are all processed by the traditional processes of washing, drying, forming and the like, have basically the same characteristics, and generally have the problems of hard texture, poor chewiness, incomplete nutrition, poor digestibility and the like, which are difficult to be applied to pets of different varieties, different growth stages and different physical conditions; and may cause damage to the pet's teeth, some of which are fragile and risk piercing the bowel and other internal organs. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of pets on the chewing gum products in different stages, many enterprises are also continuously developing new products, for example, jerky products adopt a freeze-drying technology for increasing crispness, but the production cost is too high; the texture of the product produced by directly freeze-drying the cow leather product is slightly improved compared with the traditional drying method, but the product is still hard and has poor brittleness, is hard and crisp, lacks crisp feeling, cannot adapt to different requirements, and has high production cost. The animal skin is also treated by an acid-base swelling method so as to obtain a soft texture, but the animal skin still cannot be crisp, and the problems of complex cleaning, difficult treatment of acid-base solution generated in the processing process and environmental pollution are caused; and the puffing aim is achieved through single microwave heating treatment, but the produced product has low puffing degree and hard and crisp texture, and overheating easily causes melting of bovine hide collagen, so that the quality is poor and difficult to control. The product is prepared by blending and recombining the plant base or the plant base and the crushed cowhide to produce the chewing gum, but compared with the animal skin chewing gum, the chewing gum has the advantages of low nutritional value, poor toughness or brittleness, poor chewiness, poor oral cavity cleaning function and lack of the special favor of pets on natural animal skin. It is also difficult to meet the needs of pets in different stages.
Therefore, with the rapid development of the pet industry worldwide, the pet market segment is more and more active, and the pet owner pays more attention to the suitability and functionality of the product in addition to the oral health and hygiene efficacy when choosing pet chews or snacks. The cow leather which has certain toughness, moderate crisp mouthfeel, easy digestion and absorption and special functionality and is prepared from the cow leather serving as the traditional pet chew raw material, can be further used for developing various pet chews and snack products and has important nutritional value and economic significance. However, how to improve the crispness of the cowhide, increase the mouth feel and special functions of the chews, meet the requirements and acceptability of pets in different stages on the products, and have simple and convenient production without excessively increasing the production cost is a technical problem which needs to be solved by technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of crisp cowhide chews suitable for pets at different stages, which is characterized in that cowhide is subjected to enzymolysis based on vacuum microwave and composite enzymolysis technology, and different functional substances are infiltrated according to growth requirements to prepare new cowhide chews series products with different toughness, crispness and functional characteristics.
The preparation method of the crispy cowhide chews suitable for pets in different stages comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: soaking cowhide in clear water;
(2) microwave treatment: placing the pretreated cowhide in a vacuum microwave device for vacuum microwave heating treatment;
(3) slicing and shaping: cutting the cowhide subjected to vacuum microwave heating treatment into a required shape;
(4) preparing a complex enzymatic hydrolysate: 41) preparing a propylene glycol aqueous solution; 42) adding subtilisin, trypsin, calcium chloride, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase into a propylene glycol aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite enzymatic hydrolysate;
(5) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: placing the cut cowhide into a composite enzymolysis liquid for enzymolysis;
(6) and (3) drying: taking out the cowhide subjected to enzymolysis, and drying the cowhide subjected to enzymolysis by adopting ultrasonic wave and hot air combined drying to obtain a finished product.
In the step (1), the cowhide is dry second-layer cowhide, and the soaking time in clear water is 1-1.5 h.
The volume fraction of the propylene glycol in the propylene glycol aqueous solution in the step (4) of the present invention is 40 to 55%.
In the step (4), the following substances are used, by volume of the propylene glycol aqueous solution, 0.2-0.8 mg/100L of subtilisin, 0.1-0.4 mg/100L of trypsin, 0.2-0.4 mg/100L of calcium chloride, 0.1-0.3 mg/100L of lactoferrin, and 0.05-0.1 mg/100L of lactoperoxidase.
The process conditions of the vacuum microwave heating treatment in the step (2) of the invention are as follows: the vacuum degree is-40 to-80 kPa, the power is 200 to 400W, the treatment time is 10 to 30min, and the cow leather is treated until the moisture content is 20 to 25 percent. When the microwave technology is used for heating the dielectric material, the dielectric material absorbs microwave energy and converts the microwave energy into heat energy, under the action of a microwave electromagnetic field, polar molecules in the material to be heated continuously change the arrangement direction along with an alternating microwave field, the material can be uniformly and effectively heated in a short time, the special heating mode enables water molecules to quickly penetrate into bovine skin collagen fibers to cause non-fibrous materials to quickly swell, part of water-soluble colloid is dissolved, and part of water-insoluble colloid is violently vibrated, so that the adhesive force between collagen fibers and colloid is reduced, and a channel is opened for the subsequent composite enzymolysis treatment. The microwave under the vacuum condition can dehydrate the materials under the vacuum environment to prevent the materials from contacting with oxygen, and can keep the original color, flavor and nutrient substances of the raw materials to the maximum extent. In addition, the boiling point of water is reduced in a vacuum environment, the heat efficiency is obviously improved by microwave heating, and excessive dissolution or color change caused by local overheating of raw materials can be prevented.
The shape of the slice of the invention after shaping and cutting is as follows: round, strip, square, oval, spherical, bone-shaped or knotted, and processed into shapes and shapes with proper specifications according to different specific pet requirements so as to meet different pet requirements.
When the enzymolysis treatment is carried out, the enzymolysis treatment process comprises the following steps: the usage amount of the compound enzymolysis liquid of every 1mg of sliced cowhide is 1-2ml, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-50 ℃, the enzymolysis pH value is 6.5-7.5, and the enzymolysis time is 1-2 h.
The process conditions of ultrasonic wave and hot air combined drying are as follows: the hot air drying temperature is 50-65 ℃, the air speed is 0.5-1.0 m/s, the ultrasonic power is 400-800W, the ultrasonic wave continuously works for 3-5 min, and the intermittent operation is 5-10 min. In the process of transmission, cavitation bubbles can be formed in food by the cavitation effect generated by the interaction of ultrasonic waves and materials, and when the cavitation bubbles are broken, shock waves generated can cause turbulent diffusion of water molecules, so that micro pipelines can be formed in the materials, and the removal of water tightly combined with the materials is facilitated; the mechanical properties of the collagen fibers can be influenced by optimizing the ultrasonic intensity and time; the ultrasonic treatment can effectively improve the aperture and the aperture area of the three-dimensional collagen fiber of the cow leather, and is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of functional components and the improvement of the crispness of the product. Therefore, the drying mode of the invention has remarkable effect.
The moisture content of the finished product after drying is less than or equal to 20 percent.
In the formula of the enzymolysis liquid, the propylene glycol can play a role in moisturizing, softening and promoting the dissolution and permeation of functional substances of calcium chloride and lactoferrin, and in addition, the mixed liquid of the propylene glycol and water in a certain proportion can delay the hydrolysis of functional components and increase the stability of the functional components; the calcium chloride has the functions of promoting hardening and forming of cow leather and supplementing calcium; lactoferrin has the effects of improving intestinal microbial flora of pets, preventing iron deficiency, resisting oxidation and the like, and can also be used for treating dog dermatitis; lactoperoxidase has wide application potential in the aspects of maintaining the oral hygiene of pets, inhibiting food-borne microorganisms, resisting bacteria and preserving and other functional foods.
The lactoferrin added into the product has the effects of improving intestinal microbial flora, preventing iron deficiency, resisting oxidation and the like, and a certain research report is reported in infant food and pet food at present, the lactoferrin also has a good effect on the treatment of the dermatitis of pet dogs and cats, and the lactoferrin is effectively added to play an important role in the health of pets.
The product of the invention is added with lactoperoxidase, can be used as a naturally-generated antibacterial system, is used for preserving food in many countries, and is applied to the research of aspects of medicine, health, cosmetics, toothpaste, functional food and the like. Research reports that lactoperoxidase has wide application potential in the aspects of maintaining oral hygiene and functional foods of pets.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
(1) According to the invention, through microwave, enzymolysis and ultrasonic auxiliary drying technologies, the raw material cowhide raw material with compact and hard properties is subjected to tissue destruction and collagen fiber internal structure loosening, so that pet cowhide chews with different use characteristics are obtained, and the pet cowhide chews are suitable for eating characteristics of pets at different stages;
(3) according to the invention, a microwave heating mode is adopted to enable water molecules to quickly permeate into bovine collagen fibers, so that non-fibrous substances are quickly swelled, part of water-soluble colloid is dissolved, and part of water-insoluble colloid is violently vibrated, so that the adhesive force between collagen fibers and colloid is reduced, a channel is opened for the subsequent composite enzymolysis treatment, and meanwhile, the materials can be dehydrated under a vacuum condition to prevent the materials from contacting with oxygen, so that the original color, flavor and nutrient substances of the raw materials can be kept to the maximum extent;
(4) according to the invention, subtilisin and trypsin are preferably selected to be matched for carrying out enzymolysis on collagen fibers and fiber bundles which are aggregated in a high aggregation state in animal skins, and products with different hardness, strength, toughness, crispness and other characteristics can be obtained according to the dosage of enzyme and enzymolysis liquid, enzymolysis time, enzymolysis temperature and the like;
(5) the product can generate physical and chemical effects by means of physical technology (ultrasonic treatment) and the cavity effect of ultrasonic, so that the change of the surrounding structure of collagen fibers is caused, the porosity is increased, functional components (calcium chloride, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase) are uniformly and quickly infiltrated into the tissues of cowhide and serve as carriers of specific functional components, the functionality of the product is realized, the requirements of different stages and growth are met, and the functional components are easily lost or damaged by being obtained by simple mixing in a mode different from the existing functional component addition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an external view of a partially finished bovine hide according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The chewing gum product prepared by the embodiment of the invention adopts the following scoring standards for texture and sensory test:
(1) measuring the hardness and brittleness of the product by using a physical property measuring instrument, measuring 3 samples by each group of cowhide, setting the speed before the test to be 1.00mm/s, the test speed to be 5.00mm/s, the speed after the test to be 5.00mm/s, the compression ratio to be 75% and the time to be 5.00s by using a P/0.5s spherical probe;
(2) the sensory evaluation of the cowhide can comprise basic indexes of hardness, crunchiness and brittleness, and the sensory evaluation indexes are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 sensory product Scoring standards
Example 1
This example provides a method of making a bovine hide product suitable for puppies or senior dogs comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting 1000g of dried ox secondary skin raw material, cutting into long strips, each 100g, soaking in clear water for 2h, and soaking;
(2) microwave treatment: placing the fully soaked cowhide in vacuum microwave equipment with vacuum degree of-80 kPa, power of 200W, processing time of 10min, and product temperature of no more than 55 deg.C;
(3) slicing and shaping: shearing the cowhide subjected to microwave treatment into a square shape;
(4) preparing an enzymolysis solution, namely preparing 100L propylene glycol solution with the volume fraction of 50%, adding 0.6mg of subtilisin, 0.2mg of trypsin, 0.4mg of calcium chloride, 0.1mg of lactoferrin and 0.05mg of lactoperoxidase into the propylene glycol solution, and uniformly stirring to prepare the enzymolysis solution;
(5) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: weighing the cut sliced cowhide, measuring an enzymolysis solution according to 2ml/mg based on the weight of the sliced cowhide, placing the sliced cowhide in the enzymolysis solution for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 40 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 0.5h, and the enzymolysis pH is 7.5;
(6) and (3) drying: and (3) rapidly drying the sample subjected to enzymolysis by adopting an ultrasonic-hot air drying technology, setting the hot air drying temperature to be 50 ℃, the air speed to be 1.0m/s and the ultrasonic power to be 800W, continuously working for 5min by ultrasonic waves, and intermitting for 5min, drying until the water content is below 20%, and drying for 3h to obtain the finished product.
FIG. 1 is an external view of a partially fabricated cowhide according to this example.
The product obtained in this example was scored for texture and organoleptic properties as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 texture characteristics and organoleptic scores of the products of example 1
The product obtained by the embodiment has the characteristics of flatness, smoothness, small hardness, crisp texture and certain toughness after water absorption, and is suitable for being eaten by puppies or old dogs; by adding enzymes and propylene glycol, the product has certain smell and sweet taste, is more favored by pets, and has better palatability, nutritional characteristics and functionality compared with the traditional raw material cowhide product which is not treated.
Example 2
This example provides a method of making a bovine hide product suitable for adult dogs comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting 1000g of dried ox secondary skin raw material, cutting into long strips, each 100g, soaking in clear water for 2h, and soaking;
(2) microwave treatment: placing the fully soaked cowhide in vacuum microwave equipment with vacuum degree of-80 kPa, power of 200W, processing time of 10min, and product temperature of no more than 55 deg.C;
(3) slicing and shaping: shearing the cowhide subjected to microwave treatment into a square shape;
(4) preparing an enzymolysis solution, namely preparing a propylene glycol solution 100L with the volume fraction of 60%, adding 0.2mg of subtilisin, 0.4mg of trypsin, 0.4mg of calcium chloride, 0.1mg of lactoferrin and 0.05mg of lactoperoxidase into the propylene glycol solution, and uniformly stirring to prepare the enzymolysis solution;
(5) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: weighing the cut sliced cowhide, measuring an enzymolysis solution according to 2ml/mg based on the weight of the sliced cowhide, placing the sliced cowhide in the enzymolysis solution for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis temperature is 40 ℃, the enzymolysis time is 0.5h, and the enzymolysis pH is 7.5;
(6) and (3) drying: and (3) rapidly drying the sample subjected to enzymolysis by adopting an ultrasonic-hot air drying technology, setting the hot air drying temperature to be 50 ℃, the air speed to be 1.0m/s and the ultrasonic power to be 800W, continuously working for 5min by ultrasonic waves, and intermitting for 5min, drying until the water content is below 20%, and drying for 3h to obtain the finished product.
The product obtained in this example was scored for texture and organoleptic properties, as shown in table 3):
TABLE 3 texture characteristics and organoleptic scores of the products of example 2
The product prepared by the embodiment has the characteristics of flatness, smoothness, small hardness, crisp texture and certain toughness after water absorption, can meet the requirements of adult dogs on chews with certain toughness and hardness, and cannot hurt the oral cavity or hurt the intestines and stomach due to hardness or carelessly spit; by adding enzymes and propylene glycol, the product has certain smell and sweet taste, and is preferred by pets; compared with the traditional raw material cow leather product which is not processed, the cow leather product has better chewiness, nutritional characteristics and functionality.
Example 3
In order to obtain the cow leather chews with different product texture characteristics and sensory characteristics, the inventor also conducts orthogonal experimental screening on the enzyme dosage, the enzymolysis time and the enzymolysis process in the enzymolysis process, the rest processes are the same as those in the example 1 except the enzymolysis process, the orthogonal experimental factors and levels are shown in the following table 4, the orthogonal experimental scheme is shown in the following table 5, and the orthogonal experimental result is shown in the following table 6;
TABLE 4 orthogonal test factors and horizon
TABLE 5 orthogonal test protocol
TABLE 6 results of orthogonal experiments
As shown in table 6, the texture and sensory properties of the obtained product are greatly different from those of raw cowhide under different enzymolysis conditions, and the hardness, brittleness, toughness, chewiness and the like of the product can be improved to different degrees, which have important influence on the needs of pets and the purchasing of consumers at different stages. The puppies or the aged dogs can select products with small hardness and good crispness; adult dogs can select products with moderate hardness and certain crispness; greater hardness and toughness may be selected for the chews, and crisper may be selected for the snacks.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of crisp cowhide chews suitable for pets in different stages is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: soaking cowhide in clear water;
(2) microwave treatment: placing the pretreated cowhide in a vacuum microwave device for vacuum microwave heating treatment;
(3) slicing and shaping: cutting the cowhide subjected to vacuum microwave heating treatment into a required shape;
(4) preparing a complex enzymatic hydrolysate: 41) preparing a propylene glycol aqueous solution; 42) adding subtilisin, trypsin, calcium chloride and lactoferrin into a propylene glycol aqueous solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a composite enzymolysis solution;
(5) and (3) enzymolysis treatment: placing the cut cowhide into a composite enzymolysis liquid for enzymolysis;
(6) and (3) drying: taking out the cowhide subjected to enzymolysis, and drying the cowhide subjected to enzymolysis by adopting ultrasonic wave and hot air combined drying to obtain a finished product.
2. The method of making a crispy rawhide chew suitable for pets in different stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the cow leather is dry cow second-layer leather, and the soaking time in clear water is 1.5-2 h.
3. The method of making a crispy rawhide chew suitable for pets in different stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the volume fraction of the propylene glycol in the propylene glycol aqueous solution is 40-55%.
4. The preparation method of the crispy cow leather chews suitable for pets in different stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein the following substances are used in an amount of 0.2-0.8 mg/100L of subtilisin, 0.1-0.4 mg/100L of trypsin, 0.2-0.4 mg/100L of calcium chloride, 0.1-0.3 mg/100L of lactoferrin, and 0.05-0.1/100L of lactoperoxidase, based on the volume of the propylene glycol aqueous solution.
5. The method of making a crispy rawhide chew suitable for pets in different stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the technological conditions of the vacuum microwave heating treatment are as follows: the vacuum degree is-40 to-80 kPa, the power is 200 to 400W, the treatment time is 10 to 30min, and the cow leather is treated until the moisture content is 20 to 25 percent.
6. The method of making a crispy rawhide chew suitable for pets in different stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the shape of the slice after shaping and cutting is as follows: one of a circle, a bar, a square, an ellipse, a sphere, a bone, or a knotted shape.
7. The method of making a crispy rawhide chew suitable for pets in different stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the enzymolysis treatment process comprises the following steps: the dosage of the compound enzymolysis liquid of every 1mg of sliced cowhide is 1-2ml, the enzymolysis temperature is 40-50 ℃, the enzymolysis pH value is 6.5-7.5, and the enzymolysis time is 1-2 h.
8. The method of making a crispy rawhide chew suitable for pets in different stages as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the process conditions of ultrasonic wave and hot air combined drying are as follows: the hot air drying temperature is 50-65 ℃, the air speed is 0.5-1.0 m/s, the ultrasonic power is 400-800W, the ultrasonic wave continuously works for 3-5 min, and the intermittent operation is 5-10 min.
9. A process for the preparation of a crispy rawhide chew suitable for pets in different stages according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the moisture content of the dried finished product is less than or equal to 20 percent.
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