CN111386821A - Production method of selenium-rich tea - Google Patents
Production method of selenium-rich tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN111386821A CN111386821A CN202010323110.7A CN202010323110A CN111386821A CN 111386821 A CN111386821 A CN 111386821A CN 202010323110 A CN202010323110 A CN 202010323110A CN 111386821 A CN111386821 A CN 111386821A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Abstract
A method for producing selenium-enriched tea comprises: determining the selenium content Y of the required tea, wherein the selenium content Y of the tea is the sum of the contents of organic selenium and inorganic selenium in the tea; determining selenium application amount X according to the tea selenium content Y and a selenium-rich regression equation, wherein the selenium application amount X is the selenium application amount per mu of tea trees, and when the selenium application amount X is 0.1-2.0 g/mu, the selenium-rich regression equation is that Y is 3.8106X +0.5263, R is20.985; preparing nano selenium fertilizer liquid according to the selenium application amount X; spraying the prepared nano selenium fertilizer solution on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees; and carrying out first tea picking after applying the nano selenium fertilizer solution for 10 days, wherein the first picked tea is two leaves at one bud at the top end of the tea tree, and can provide scientific basis for reasonably applying the selenium fertilizer, determining the picking period and producing the tea with different selenium contents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea production, in particular to a production method of selenium-rich tea.
Background
Selenium (Selenium, Se) is a necessary trace element for human and animals, has close relationship with health, and can also enhance the plant abilities of resisting diseases and insect pests, resisting stress, resisting heavy metal pollution and the like. Selenium cannot be synthesized in human body, and no organ for storing selenium for a long time exists in human body, so selenium required by organism can only be continuously taken in from outside. Relevant researches show that the recommended intake of the adults in China to the selenium is 60-400 mug per day, the average intake of the residents in China is only 44.6 mug per day, the intake of the selenium in 1 hundred million multi-person diets in China is insufficient, and the health level of the people is seriously threatened.
The selenium enrichment technology of the tea mainly comprises a natural selenium enrichment technology and an artificial selenium enrichment technology. The natural selenium-rich tea technology is mainly characterized by planting tea trees in selenium-rich soil to produce selenium-rich tea with high selenium content. The natural selenium-rich technology is difficult to stably control the selenium content in the selenium-rich agricultural products, and the standardized production cannot be carried out; the sodium selenite contained in the natural selenium ore has high toxicity. The prior artificial selenium-enriched tea technology generally needs to spray for multiple times, increases the operation difficulty and labor cost, and can not accurately obtain the tea with required selenium-enriched amount due to the uncertainty of the relationship between the application amount of the selenium fertilizer and the selenium content in the tea by tea farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to accurately fertilize and pick up the tea leaves with required selenium-rich quantity. Therefore, a production method of the selenium-enriched tea is provided.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for producing selenium-enriched tea comprises:
determining the selenium content Y of the required tea, wherein the selenium content Y of the tea is the sum of the contents of organic selenium and inorganic selenium in the tea;
determining selenium application amount X according to the tea selenium content Y and a selenium-rich regression equation, wherein the selenium application amount X is the selenium application amount per mu of tea trees, and when the selenium application amount X is 0.1-2.0 g/mu, the selenium-rich regression equation is that Y is 3.8106X +0.5263, R is2＝0.985；
Preparing nano selenium fertilizer liquid according to the selenium application amount X;
spraying the prepared nano selenium fertilizer solution on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees;
and (3) applying the nano selenium fertilizer liquid for 10 days, and picking tea leaves for the first time, wherein the tea leaves picked for the first time are two leaves on one bud at the top end of the tea tree.
In one embodiment, the preparing the nano selenium fertilizer solution according to the selenium application amount X comprises: nano selenium weighed according to the calculated selenium application amount XAdding water while stirring, dissolving to obtain nano selenium fertilizer liquid with the concentration of X1。
In one embodiment, the nano selenium is polysaccharide composite nano selenium, and the particle size is 115-125 nm.
In one embodiment, the spraying of the prepared nano-selenium fertilizer solution on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees comprises the following steps: spraying the front and back surfaces of tea tree leaves from top to bottom along the growth ladder belt of the tea tree by a sprayer, wherein the spraying amount of the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is X in each mu of tea tree2。
In one embodiment, the selenium application amount X is equal to the nano-selenium fertilizer solution concentration X in each acre of tea trees1Spraying amount X with nano selenium fertilizer liquid2The product of (a).
In one embodiment, a method for producing selenium-enriched tea comprises: preparing nano selenium fertilizer liquid with the concentration of W1；
Spraying the prepared nano-selenium fertilizer solution onto the leaf surfaces of the tea trees, wherein the spraying amount of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution is W in each mu of tea trees2The selenium application amount X in each mu of tea trees is equal to the concentration W of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution1Spraying amount W of nano selenium fertilizer liquid2The product of (a);
and (4) picking old tea leaves 5 days after applying the nano selenium fertilizer liquid, wherein the old tea leaves are 3-5 tea leaves with downward tea tree tops.
In one embodiment, the formulated nano selenium fertilizer solution comprises: weighing nano selenium, adding water while stirring, dissolving to obtain nano selenium fertilizer solution with the concentration of W1。
In one embodiment, the nano selenium is polysaccharide composite nano selenium, and the particle size is 115-125 nm.
In one embodiment, the spraying of the prepared nano-selenium fertilizer solution on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees comprises the following steps: spraying the front and back surfaces of tea tree leaves from top to bottom along the growth ladder belt of the tea trees by a sprayer, wherein the spraying amount of the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is W in each mu of tea trees2。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the production method of the selenium-rich tea, provided by the invention, the influence of different selenium application amounts on the selenium content of the tea is obtained, so that scientific basis can be provided for reasonably applying the selenium fertilizer and producing the tea with different selenium contents. The selenium content Y (mg/kg) of different tea leaves is in extremely obvious positive correlation with the selenium application amount X (nano selenium g/mu), the selenium-rich regression equation is Y (3.8106X + 0.5263), the selenium application amount corresponding to the selenium-rich values of different tea leaves can be calculated according to the regression equation to reasonably apply selenium fertilizer, the selenium recovery rate in the newly grown tea leaves is more than 1% after 10 days of selenium application, therefore, the first picking time of the tea leaves can be carried out after 10 days of selenium application, and the picked tea leaves are two leaves at the top end of the tea tree at the moment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a production method of selenium-enriched tea according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a method for producing selenium-enriched tea comprises:
101, determining the selenium content Y of the required tea, wherein the selenium content Y of the tea is the sum of the contents of organic selenium and inorganic selenium in the tea.
In this example, the tea plant absorbs the original inorganic selenium from nature through the root system due to its physiological properties of strong selenium enrichment, the selenium is converted into organic forms such as protein selenium through photosynthesis, inorganic selenium is converted into organic selenium which becomes toxic and nontoxic, most of the protein selenium is free selenoprotein, most of free selenoprotein is thiomethionine which can be absorbed and utilized by people, the content of organic selenium in tea leaves is about 92 percent, the content of inorganic selenium is only 8 percent, the organic selenium is mainly leached during tea making, free inorganic selenium forms a complex with tea polyphenol, pectic acid and polysaccharide substances, the selenium supplement of drinking tea water has high safety, a tea farmer can determine the required tea selenium content Y according to different selenium supplement requirements, and particularly, the tea selenium content Y is the sum of the organic selenium content and the inorganic selenium content in tea.
102, determining selenium application quantity X according to the tea selenium content Y and a selenium-rich regression equation, wherein the selenium application quantity X is the selenium application quantity of each mu of tea trees, and when the selenium application quantity X is 0.1-2.0 g/mu, the selenium-rich regression equation is that Y is 3.8106X +0.5263, R is2＝0.985。
In this embodiment, when the selenium-applying amount X is between 0.1 and 2.0 g/mu, the regression equation of the selenium content Y in tea leaves and the selenium-applying amount X is that Y is 3.8106X +0.5263, and R is2Substituting the value of the required selenium content Y in the tea into the enriched tea as 0.985Calculating in a selenium regression equation to obtain corresponding selenium application amount X, wherein in the selenium-rich regression equation, the tea selenium content Y represents the selenium content in the tea, the selenium content is 0.25-4.0 mg/kg of the national selenium-rich tea standard and can reach 8.165mg/kg at most, the selenium application amount X represents the selenium application amount in each mu of tea trees, 0.5263 is a regression coefficient of the selenium-rich regression equation, and R is a regression coefficient of the selenium-rich regression equation2For the determination coefficient of the selenium-rich regression equation, i.e., the ratio of the sum of squares of regression to the sum of squares of total dispersion, the larger this ratio, the larger the ratio indicating that the sum of squares of total dispersion can be explained by the sum of squares of regression, the more accurate the model, the more significant the regression effect. Numerical value of R2Between 0 and 1, generally speaking, the model fitting goodness of more than 0.8 is higher, and R in the regression equation20.985, very close to 1, which shows that the regression fitting effect is good, the regression equation can be used as a standard curve of the relation between the selenium content Y of the tea and the selenium application amount X, tea farmers can calculate the selenium application amount X corresponding to different selenium values Y in the tea according to the regression equation to reasonably and scientifically apply the selenium fertilizer, and meanwhile, the regression equation of the content Z of the organic selenium and the selenium application amount X is that Z is 3.3646X +0.4529, R is2And further, when the selenium application amount X is 0.1-1.0 mg/kg, the selenium content Y of the tea completely reaches the national selenium-rich tea production standard, the linear relation between the selenium content Y and the selenium-rich tea is the best, and tea farmers can calculate the selenium application amount X corresponding to different organic selenium values Z in the tea according to the regression equation to reasonably and scientifically apply the selenium fertilizer.
103 preparing the nano selenium fertilizer liquid according to the selenium application amount X.
In this embodiment, the preparing the nano selenium fertilizer solution includes: weighing nano selenium according to the calculated selenium application amount X, wherein the nano selenium is polysaccharide composite nano selenium, has the particle size of 115-125 nm, can enter cells to directly participate in metabolism, is convenient for the cells in the tea to convert the nano selenium into organic selenium, is dissolved in clear water, and is fully stirred and dissolved to obtain the nano selenium with the concentration of X1The nano selenium fertilizer liquid.
104 spraying the prepared nano selenium fertilizer solution on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees.
In this embodiment, the prepared nano selenium fertilizer liquid is filled into a sprayer, and then the sprayer is used for spraying the nano selenium fertilizer liquidThe atomizer sprays tea plant from top to bottom along the ladder belt of tea plant growth, and the nanometer selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the positive and negative of tea plant leaf with the form of spraying, can guarantee to spray evenly, and the leaf surface of tealeaves uses not dripping water as reference standard, in per mu tea plant, nanometer selenium fertilizer liquid sprays volume and is X2The selenium application amount X in each mu of tea trees is equal to the concentration X of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution1Spraying amount X with nano selenium fertilizer liquid2The product of (a).
105, applying the nano selenium fertilizer liquid for 10 days, and picking tea leaves for the first time, wherein the tea leaves picked for the first time are two leaves on one bud at the top end of the tea tree.
In this embodiment, the first tea leaf picking is performed 10 days after applying the nano selenium fertilizer solution, the first picked tea leaf is two leaves on one bud at the top of the tea tree, and the picked tea leaf is thoroughly cleaned to remove the residual selenium fertilizer on the surface of the tea leaf.
Illustratively, the production method of the selenium-enriched tea provided by the invention can provide scientific basis for reasonably applying selenium fertilizer and producing the tea with different selenium contents by obtaining the influence of different selenium application amounts on the selenium content of the tea. The selenium content Y (mg/kg) of different tea leaves is in extremely obvious positive correlation with the selenium application amount X (nano selenium g/mu), the selenium-rich regression equation is Y (3.8106X + 0.5263), the selenium application amount corresponding to the selenium-rich values of different tea leaves can be calculated according to the regression equation to reasonably apply selenium fertilizer, the selenium recovery rate in the newly grown tea leaves is more than 1% after 10 days of selenium application, therefore, the first picking time of the tea leaves can be carried out after 10 days of selenium application, and the picked tea leaves are two leaves at the top end of the tea tree at the moment.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a method for producing selenium-enriched tea comprises: preparing nano selenium fertilizer liquid with the concentration of W1(ii) a Spraying the prepared nano-selenium fertilizer solution onto the leaf surfaces of the tea trees, wherein the spraying amount of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution is W in each mu of tea trees2The selenium application amount X in each mu of tea trees is equal to the concentration W of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution1Spraying amount W of nano selenium fertilizer liquid2The product of (a); and (4) picking old tea leaves 5 days after applying the nano selenium fertilizer liquid, wherein the old tea leaves are 3-5 tea leaves with downward tea tree tops.
In the embodiment, the prepared nano-selenium fertilizer solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees, the selenium application amount X is 1.5 g/mu, and the selenium application amount X in each mu of tea trees is equal to the concentration W of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution1Spraying amount W of nano selenium fertilizer liquid2And setting a control group, spraying clear water to the control group, setting the picking time of 6 tea leaves, the picking time of the 6 tea leaves is respectively 4h, 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days and 30 days after the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is applied, then recording the time after spraying the nano-selenium fertilizer liquid, respectively after spraying the nano-selenium fertilizer liquid for 4h, 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days and 30 days, picking tea leaves of tea trees sprayed with nano selenium fertilizer liquid, picking 2 to 3 tea leaves from the 3 rd tea leaf from the top end of the tea tree, respectively picking 500g tea leaves, 1 to 2 tea leaves and fresh buds in different time periods, thoroughly cleaning the picked tea leaves to remove the residual selenium fertilizer on the surfaces of the tea leaves, and then, measuring the total selenium content in the tea by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method and measuring the organic selenium content in the tea by adopting a subtraction method.
In this example, the results of measuring the selenium content of tea leaves harvested by the different treatments are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the total selenium content of the tea leaves reaches 8.200mg/kg 4 hours after the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed, which indicates that the absorption is very rapid, the absorption of the tea leaves on the selenium fertilizer is gradually increased along with the increase of the treatment time, the maximum value is reached to 8.680mg/kg after 1 day, and the total selenium content in the tea leaves is gradually reduced after 1 day. As the tea mainly absorbs the nano selenium fertilizer through the air holes, the effect of spraying the nano selenium on the leaf surfaces is better, the maximum absorption value can be reached 1 day after the selenium is sprayed, and the recovery rate reaches 2 percent. Then, the total selenium content of the old leaves is gradually reduced along with metabolism, transformation and transportation to new leaves in the bodies of the old leaves. Until 15 days after treatment, the total selenium content in the tea leaves is still 3.3 times of that of the control, and the recovery rate is also kept at 0.73 percent.
The change of the content of the organic selenium is different from that of the total selenium, the content of the organic selenium reaches the maximum value of 6.168mg/kg on the 5 th day after the selenium is applied, the percentage of the organic selenium in the total selenium reaches 88.36%, and then the content of the organic selenium gradually decreases, which shows that the time is needed for the nano selenium to be converted into the organic selenium in the tea body, and most of the nano selenium absorbed by the tea can be converted into the organic selenium after 5 days. Therefore, the optimal picking time of the old tea leaves is 5 days after selenium application, the old tea leaves are 3-5 tea leaves with the downward top end of the tea tree, the organic selenium content of the obtained selenium-enriched tea is optimal, and therefore the old tea leaves 5 days after selenium application reach the optimal selenium-enriched state when the selenium application amount is determined.
Example 3
In one embodiment, the prepared nano-selenium fertilizer solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees, the selenium application amount is 1.5 g/mu, and the selenium application amount X in each mu of tea trees is equal to the concentration W of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution1Spraying amount W of nano selenium fertilizer liquid2The product of the two steps is obtained, a control group is set, clear water is sprayed on the control group, then 6 tea leaf picking times are set, the 6 tea leaf picking times are respectively 4h, 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days and 30 days after the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is applied, then the time is recorded after the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed, tea leaf picking is carried out on tea trees sprayed with the nano selenium fertilizer liquid 4h, 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days and 30 days after the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is applied, 2 to 3 tea leaves are picked from the top end of the tea trees to the bottom 3 rd leaf during picking, 500g of tea leaves and 1 to 2 tea leaves and new buds are respectively picked during treatment of each different time period, the picked tea leaves are thoroughly cleaned to remove the selenium fertilizer remained on the surfaces of the tea leaves, and the content of soluble mineral protein, soluble sugar and partial mineral elements of the tea leaves at different picking times are measured.
In this example, the results of the above measurements of the soluble protein, soluble sugar and part of the mineral element content of tea at seven plucking times are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 2, the soluble sugar content increased and then decreased with the extension of the picking period, the content reached a peak on day 5, and gradually decreased after 5 days, but the difference between the treatment for 10 days and the treatment for 5 days was small. Although the content of soluble protein in tea samples in different picking periods is slightly reduced compared with the content of soluble protein in a control, the content does not change regularly. The contents of the four elements of iron, zinc, aluminum and copper are in a trend of decreasing firstly and then increasing along with the prolonging of the treatment time, the contents of the four elements after 5 days of treatment are all decreased to the minimum and then gradually increased, the content difference between the elements after 10 days of treatment and 5 days of treatment is not large, and the contents of the elements gradually increase to be close to the normal level after 30 days of treatment.
The results show that the application of the nano selenium fertilizer is beneficial to increasing the soluble sugar content of the tea sample and simultaneously reducing the contents of iron, zinc, aluminum and copper in the tea sample body. As can be seen from the comparison of Table 1, the organic selenium content in the tea leaves after selenium application also reaches the highest value on day 5, and the whole tea leaves show a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing. The change of the content of soluble sugar in the tea sample along with the picking period is similar to the change rule of the content of the organic selenium, and the change of the content of the four mineral elements of iron, zinc, aluminum and copper along with the picking period is opposite to the change of the content of the organic selenium. Therefore, the optimal picking time of the first batch of tea leaves is 5 days after selenium application, and the quality of the selenium-enriched tea obtained at the moment is optimal.
Example 4
In one embodiment, the prepared nano selenium fertilizer solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees, 5 concentration gradients are set for each mu of spraying amount, a control group is set, the control group is sprayed with clear water, the 5 concentration gradients are respectively 0.1 g/mu, 0.5 g/mu, 1.0 g/mu, 1.5 g/mu and 2.0 g/mu, then respectively filling prepared nano selenium fertilizer liquid with different concentrations into sprayers, wherein the sprayers are arranged along ladder belts for growth of tea trees, 5 nano selenium with different concentrations respectively correspond to 5 tea tree treatment areas, the tea tree plants are respectively sprayed from top to bottom, the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the front and back surfaces of tea tree leaves in a spraying mode to ensure uniform spraying, the tea leaf surfaces are subjected to tea leaf picking in 10 days after selenium application by taking non-dripping water as a reference standard, the picked tea leaves are one bud and two leaves, and the selenium content of the tea leaves picked in different treatments is respectively measured.
In this example, the results of the selenium content measurement of the tea leaves after the different treatments are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, after the nano selenium fertilizer with different concentrations is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 10 days, the total selenium content in the tea leaves is increased along with the increase of the application amount of the selenium fertilizer, in the treatment of the minimum application amount of 0.1 g/mu, the total selenium content in the tea leaves can reach 1.145mg/kg, and in the treatment of the maximum application amount of 2.0 g/mu, the total selenium content in the tea leaves is 8.165mg/kg, which is 20.8 times of the total selenium content in the treatment without application of the fertilizer. The organic selenium content in the tea sample is gradually increased along with the increase of selenium application amount, after 10 days of selenium application, the organic selenium content of the tea sample is 1.007mg/kg in 0.1 g/mu treatment, and the organic selenium content of the tea sample is 7.195mg/kg in 2.0 g/mu treatment. The proportion of the organic selenium content of the tea samples with different selenium application amounts in the total selenium is higher than 87.00 percent, and the proportion of the organic selenium content in the total selenium content is 82.44 percent when the tea samples are not applied with fertilizer, which indicates that the absorption and the conversion of the tea samples to the selenium fertilizer are completed after 10 days of selenium application. From the recovery rate, the effect of 0.1 g/mu treatment is the best, and secondly, 1.0 g/mu treatment is performed, and the proper concentration can be selected according to the selenium-rich demand in a treatment interval of 0.1-1.0 g/mu by combining with the production standard of the selenium-rich tea.
In this example, there was a very significant correlation between the total selenium content in the tea leaves harvested 10 days after selenium application and the amount of selenium fertilizer applied, R2The value is 0.985, the obtained selenium-rich regression equation is Y, 3.8106X +0.5263, and the linear relation is good. Therefore, the equation can be used for calculation in actual production, the dosage of the nano selenium fertilizer required to be sprayed for producing the tea with specific selenium content can be avoided from being too much or too little in one-time fertilization, the utilization rate of the selenium fertilizer is improved, the production cost is reduced, and the requirement of selenium enrichment of the tea is met.
Example 5
In one embodiment, the prepared nano selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed onto the leaf surfaces of tea trees, 5 concentration gradients are set in the spraying amount per mu, the 5 concentration gradients are 0.1 g/mu, 0.5 g/mu, 1.0 g/mu, 1.5 g/mu and 2.0 g/mu respectively, then the prepared nano selenium fertilizer liquid with different concentrations is filled into sprayers respectively, the sprayers spray tea tree plants from top to bottom along a ladder belt for growth of the tea trees, tea picking is carried out on each treatment after selenium application for 10 days, the picked tea leaves are two leaves with one bud, and the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar and partial mineral elements of the tea leaves picked in the different treatments are measured respectively.
In this example, the soluble protein, soluble sugar and part of the mineral content of the treated tea leaves were determined as described in table 4:
TABLE 4
As can be seen from Table 4, there was no correlation between the soluble protein content and the selenium application amount. The content of soluble sugar is in very obvious positive correlation with the selenium application amount, and the content of soluble sugar is very obviously increased along with the increase of the selenium application amount. 4 elements of iron, zinc, aluminum and copper are in extremely obvious negative correlation with the selenium application amount, and the content of each element is extremely reduced along with the increase of the selenium application amount. This suggests that selenium may have an antagonistic relationship with 4 metal elements in the tea body.
Example 6
Spraying the prepared nano-selenium fertilizer solution on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees, wherein the spraying amount per mu is provided with 5 concentration gradients, and a control group is arranged, the control group is sprayed with clear water, the 5 concentration gradients are respectively 0.1 g/mu, 0.5 g/mu, 1.0 g/mu, 1.5 g/mu and 2.0 g/mu, then respectively filling prepared nano selenium fertilizer liquid with different concentrations into sprayers, wherein the sprayers are arranged along ladder belts for growth of tea trees, 5 nano selenium with different concentrations respectively correspond to 5 tea tree treatment areas, the tea tree plants are respectively sprayed from top to bottom, the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the front and back surfaces of tea tree leaves in a spraying mode to ensure uniform spraying, the tea leaf surfaces are subjected to tea leaf picking in 20 days after selenium application by taking non-dripping water as a reference standard, the picked tea leaves are respectively picked by one bud and two leaves, and the selenium content of the tea leaves picked by different treatments is respectively measured.
In this example, the results of the above measurements of selenium content in tea leaves treated differently are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5
As can be seen from Table 5, the total selenium content and the organic selenium content in the tea sample tend to increase with the increase of the dosage of the nano selenium fertilizer within the treatment range of 0.1-1.0 g/mu. In the treatment of the minimum application amount of 0.1 g/mu, the total selenium content of the tea is 0.345mg/kg, but exceeds the selenium content minimum limit of the selenium-rich tea industry standard. In the treatment group with the maximum application amount of 2.0 g/mu, the total selenium content of the tea sample is 0.665mg/kg, and the tea sample also meets the selenium-rich tea industry standard. The total selenium and organic selenium content in the tea leaves treated by 1.0 g/mu in all treatments is the highest, and the recovery rate is also the highest.
Correlation analysis is carried out on the application amount of the selenium fertilizer and the total selenium content and the organic selenium content, with the increase of the application amount of the selenium fertilizer, the regularity of the change of the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of the tea leaves picked 20 days after selenium application is not strong, and the correlation coefficient R of the application amount of the selenium fertilizer and the total selenium content and the organic selenium content of the tea samples20.605 and 0.626, respectively, between 0.5 and 0.8, there is a correlation, but the difference is not significant. It is probably because the selenium in the tea tree is gradually metabolized and transported out after 20 days of treatment, resulting in a decline in content and affecting its regularity.
Example 7
In one embodiment, the prepared nano selenium fertilizer solution is sprayed onto the leaf surfaces of tea trees, 5 concentration gradients are set in each mu of spraying amount, the 5 concentration gradients are respectively 0.1 g/mu, 0.5 g/mu, 1.0 g/mu, 1.5 g/mu and 2.0 g/mu, tea picking is carried out on each treatment 20 days after selenium application, and the content of soluble protein, soluble sugar and partial mineral elements of the tea leaves picked in different treatments are respectively measured.
In this example, the soluble protein, soluble sugar and part of the mineral element content of the differently treated tea leaves described above were determined as described in table 6:
TABLE 6
As can be seen from table 6, in the tea samples picked 20 days after selenium application, the soluble sugar content of the tea leaves after spraying the nano selenium fertilizer was increased, but the iron, zinc, aluminum and copper content were decreased. Correlation coefficient R of soluble protein content and selenium application amount20.203, less than 0.3, no correlation; correlation coefficient R of soluble sugar, iron, zinc, aluminum and copper contents and selenium application amount20.698, 0.601, 0.662 and 0.750, which are all between 0.5 and 0.8, though relevant, but not significant. This shows that the regular change of the content of soluble sugar, iron, zinc, aluminum and copper is influenced along with the attenuation of selenium in the tea leaves after 20 days of selenium application.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above embodiments only express a few embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A production method of selenium-enriched tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the selenium content Y of the required tea, wherein the selenium content Y of the tea is the sum of the contents of organic selenium and inorganic selenium in the tea;
determining selenium application amount X according to the tea selenium content Y and a selenium-rich regression equation, wherein the selenium application amount X is the selenium application amount per mu of tea trees, and when the selenium application amount X is 0.1-2.0 g/mu, the selenium-rich regression equation determines the selenium application amount XThe equation is that Y is 3.8106X +0.5263, R2＝0.985；
Preparing nano selenium fertilizer liquid according to the selenium application amount X;
spraying the prepared nano selenium fertilizer solution on the leaf surfaces of the tea trees;
and (3) applying the nano selenium fertilizer liquid for 10 days, and picking tea leaves for the first time, wherein the tea leaves picked for the first time are two leaves on one bud at the top end of the tea tree.
2. The method for producing selenium-enriched tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein said preparing nano selenium fertilizer solution according to said selenium application amount X comprises: according to the calculated selenium application amount X, weighing nano selenium, adding water while stirring, dissolving to obtain nano selenium fertilizer liquid, wherein the concentration of the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is X1。
3. The method for producing selenium-enriched tea as claimed in claim 2, wherein the nano-selenium is polysaccharide composite nano-selenium, and the particle size is 115-125 nm.
4. The method for producing selenium-enriched tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein said spraying the formulated nano selenium fertilizer solution onto the leaf surface of tea plant comprises: spraying the front and back surfaces of tea tree leaves from top to bottom along the growth ladder belt of the tea tree by a sprayer, wherein the spraying amount of the nano selenium fertilizer liquid is X in each mu of tea tree2。
5. The method for producing selenium-enriched tea as claimed in claim 2 or 4, wherein the selenium-applying amount X is equal to the concentration X of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution per mu of tea plant1Spraying amount X with nano selenium fertilizer liquid2The product of (a).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the regression equation of the organic selenium content Z and the selenium application amount X in the tea leaves harvested for the first time is that Z is 3.3646X +0.4529, R2＝0.986。
7. A production method of selenium-enriched tea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing nano selenium fertilizer liquid with the concentration of W1；
Spraying the prepared nano-selenium fertilizer solution onto the leaf surfaces of the tea trees, wherein the spraying amount of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution is W in each mu of tea trees2The selenium application amount X in each mu of tea trees is equal to the concentration W of the nano-selenium fertilizer solution1Spraying amount W of nano selenium fertilizer liquid2The product of (a);
and (4) picking old tea leaves 5 days after applying the nano selenium fertilizer liquid, wherein the old tea leaves are 3-5 tea leaves with downward tea tree tops.
8. The method for producing selenium-enriched tea as claimed in claim 7, wherein said preparing nano selenium fertilizer solution comprises: weighing nano selenium, adding water while stirring, dissolving to obtain nano selenium fertilizer solution with the concentration of W1。
9. The method for producing selenium-enriched tea as claimed in claim 8, wherein the nano-selenium is polysaccharide composite nano-selenium, and the particle size is 115-125 nm.
10. The method for producing selenium-enriched tea as claimed in claim 7, wherein said spraying the formulated nano selenium fertilizer solution onto the leaf surface of tea plant comprises: spraying the leaf surfaces of the tea trees from top to bottom along the ladder belt for the growth of the tea trees by a sprayer, wherein the spraying amount of the nano selenium fertilizer solution is W in each mu of tea trees2。
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| CN111837558A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-30 | 湖北省农业科学院农业经济技术研究所(湖北省农业科学院农业规划设计研究所) | Fertilizing method for increasing organic selenium content in tea |
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