CN111380747A

CN111380747A - Constant force loading system for earthen site anchoring and drawing test and use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111380747A
Application number: CN202010396693.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王东华; 崔凯; 俞莉; 吴国鹏
Original assignee: Lanzhou University of Technology
Current assignee: Lanzhou University of Technology
Priority date: 2020-05-12
Filing date: 2020-05-12
Publication date: 2020-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-12
Also published as: CN111380747B

Abstract

The invention provides an earthen site anchoring and drawing test constant force loading system and a using method thereof, wherein the system comprises a main body plate, the main body plate is fixed on an operation surface through a vertical adjusting device, an angle adjusting mechanism is arranged on the main body plate, the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with a pulley matching box, and a movable pulley block structure is arranged in the pulley matching box; the end part of the anchor rod is fixed with a gripping device which is connected with one end of a movable pulley block structure of the pulley matching box through a main line, the other end of the movable pulley block structure of the pulley matching box is connected with a main body fixed pulley through a pull wire, and the end part of the pull wire clamps a plurality of standard blocks. The pulley matching box of the invention utilizes the labor-saving principle of the movable pulley block to expand the range of the applied load; the standard blocks are connected in series and suspended for cyclic use, so that the problem that the movable pulley block consumes the length of a pull rope is solved, and the working condition of slowly applying load is realized; the device is simple to operate and convenient to install, is suitable for drawing of the free face anchor rods in various forms, improves the working efficiency and ensures the testing precision.

Description

Constant force loading system for earthen site anchoring and drawing test and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical site anchoring test research, in particular to a constant force loading system for an earthen site anchoring and drawing test and a using method thereof.

Background

China earthen sites are huge in quantity and comprehensive in type. However, due to the complex environment, under the long-term influence of the internal and external force and geological action of the earth, the diseases related to mechanical stability such as cracks, collapse and undercuts and the like widely develop in the earthen site, and become the primary problem of safe storage of the crisis earthen site. The anchoring technology has the characteristics of weak disturbance, strong concealment, high anchoring force and the like, and is widely applied to the field of stability control of the earthen site.

The anchoring technology is applied to the practice of protecting and reinforcing the earthen site from the 90 s of the 20 th century, the development process is short, and the corresponding theoretical development is delayed. Rod materials and slurry materials commonly used in the traditional geotechnical engineering, such as metal anchor rods, cement mortar, resin slurry and the like, cannot be applied to anchoring of earthen sites due to incompatibility of physical and mechanical properties with the earthen sites and insufficient durability. Currently, studies on anchoring of earthen sites focus on the aspects of type selection of anchoring materials, optimization of anchoring process, macroscopic anchoring performance and the like, and the exploration of anchoring mechanisms is just started. The research on the anchoring mechanism is lagged, and the further development of the anchorage of the earthen site is seriously hindered. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop related tests to explore the anchoring mechanism of the earthen site.

At present, the earthen site anchoring and drawing test loading device is not perfect, the test loading device is a loading mode of a jack driving oil cylinder, and the main defects of the test loading device are as follows:

① hydro-cylinder takes place the jacking effect under the drive of jack to this exerts the pulling load, however after the load was applyed established numerical value, the stock can take place to extract the creep deformation under the effect of pulling force for a certain time to the pulling force that acts on the stock is littleer and littleer, is not initial established load value.

② the loading device of the existing jack and oil cylinder combination can not realize the constant force loading of the anchoring system, however, after the anchoring of the anchor rod is finished, the pull-out force generated by the dangerous body continuously acts on the anchor rod, and the acting force can not be reduced and has more increasing trend and phenomenon.

③ the way of increasing anchor rod displacement by jacking of oil cylinder does not conform to the reality.

④ increasing the displacement of the shank controls the numerical manner in which the load increases, resulting in inaccurate loading and a tendency for brittle failure at the point of anchor loading.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems that the existing test loading device cannot realize constant force loading, the applied load is inaccurate and the loaded part of an anchor rod is easy to break, the invention provides the constant force loading system for the earthen site anchoring and drawing test and the using method thereof, the constant gravity loading is realized by the weight hanging principle, the equipment installation is convenient, the drawing load control is accurate, and the operation is simple; the test working efficiency is improved, and the test precision is ensured.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the constant force loading system for the earthen site anchoring and drawing test comprises a main body plate, wherein the main body plate is fixed on an operation surface through a vertical adjusting device, an angle adjusting mechanism is arranged on the main body plate and is connected with a pulley matching box, and a movable pulley block structure is arranged in the pulley matching box; the end part of the anchor rod is fixed with a gripping device which is connected with one end of a movable pulley block structure of the pulley matching box through a main line, the other end of the movable pulley block structure of the pulley matching box is connected with a main body fixed pulley through a pull wire, and the end part of the pull wire clamps a plurality of standard blocks.

The pulley matching box comprises a main box, and a positioning block matched with the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged at the lower part of the main box; two sides of the main body box are respectively provided with a stay wire slide hole and a main wire slide hole for the stay wire and the main wire to pass through; at least one group of movable pulley block structures are arranged in the main body box.

The movable pulley block structure comprises a first movable pulley block structure and a second movable pulley block structure, the first movable pulley block structure comprises a first fixed pulley block and a first movable pulley block, the first fixed pulley block is arranged on a first fixed frame, the first fixed frame is fixed on the main body box, the first fixed pulley block is arranged on the first fixed frame in a sliding mode, the main line is connected with the first movable pulley block, the first fixed pulley block is connected with the first movable pulley block through a pull wire, the first movable pulley block is connected with the fixed pulley I through a pull wire, and the fixed pulley I is connected with the fixed pulley II through a pull wire; the second movable pulley block structure comprises a second fixed pulley block and a second movable pulley block, the second fixed pulley block is installed on the second fixed frame, the second movable pulley block is arranged on the second fixed frame in a sliding mode, the fixed pulley II is connected with the second movable pulley block through a pull wire, the second movable pulley block is connected with the second fixed pulley block through a pull wire, and the pull wire on the second movable pulley block extends out of the main body box through a pull wire sliding hole.

The first fixing frame is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the main body box, the second fixing frame is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the main body box, and the first fixing frame and the second fixing frame are arranged in parallel; the first fixed frame is provided with a first slideway, the first movable pulley block is arranged in the first slideway in a sliding manner, the second fixed frame is provided with a second slideway, and the second movable pulley block is arranged in the second slideway in a sliding manner; the number of the pulleys of the first fixed pulley block is equal to that of the pulleys of the first movable pulley block, the number of the pulleys of the second fixed pulley block is equal to that of the pulleys of the second movable pulley block, the first fixed pulley block, the first movable pulley block, the second fixed pulley block and the second movable pulley block all contain 4-6 pulleys, and the length of the second slideway is 8-14 times that of the first slideway; the fixed pulley I is installed on one side, close to the first movable pulley block, of the first fixing frame and is located on the upper portion of the first movable pulley block, and the fixed pulley II is installed on one side, close to the second movable pulley block, of the second fixing frame and is located in the middle of the second movable pulley block.

The vertical adjusting device and the counter-force supporting device both comprise telescopic rods and cross pads, one end of each telescopic rod of the vertical adjusting device is connected with the operating surface through the cross pad, and the other end of each telescopic rod of the vertical adjusting device is connected with the main body plate; one end of a telescopic rod of the counter-force supporting device is connected with the site body through a cross-shaped pad, and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected with the pulley matching box 1 or the main body plate.

The number of the telescopic rods of the counter-force supporting device is 6, the centers of the crossed pads on the 6 telescopic rods are on the same cylindrical surface of the site body, and the 6 telescopic rods are symmetrically distributed on one side of the pulley matched box or the main body plate.

The telescopic rod comprises a threaded rod and a sleeve, the sleeve is in threaded connection with the threaded rod, two ends of the threaded rod are respectively provided with a spherical foot and a fixed lock, the spherical foot is connected with the cross-shaped pad, and the fixed lock is clamped with the pulley matching box or the main body plate; the cross pad comprises a cross plate and a spherical clamping lock, and the cross plate is arranged on the operation surface or the site body.

The main body plate comprises a base plate, fixed blocks are arranged on the periphery of the base plate, and the fixed blocks are connected with fixed locks or sleeves of the telescopic rods; the angle adjusting mechanism comprises an angle slide way and an angle controller, the angle controller is arranged on one side of the base plate, the angle slide way is of an arc-shaped structure and is arranged on the base plate, and a positioning block of the main body box is movably arranged in the angle slide way; one side of the substrate, which is close to the standard block, is provided with a through groove for the stay wire and the standard block to pass through; the angle slide comprises two parallel arc slides, the positioning block comprises a first positioning block and a second positioning block, the first positioning block and the second positioning block are respectively arranged in the two arc slides in a sliding mode, and the distance between the first positioning block and the second positioning block is equal to the distance between the two parallel arc slides.

The gripping device comprises a gripping platform, a clamping piece and a gripping pipe, the gripping pipe is buckled at the end part of the anchor rod, one end of the gripping platform is sleeved on the gripping pipe, the other end of the gripping platform is connected with the main line, and the clamping piece is arranged between the gripping pipe and the gripping platform; the wrapping table comprises a frustum barrel, a traction arm and a rotary hinge, the traction arm is hinged with the frustum barrel through the rotary hinge, the traction arm is connected with the main line, and the frustum barrel is sleeved on the wrapping tube; the length of the wrapping pipe is 2-3 times of that of the wrapping table, occlusion grains I are arranged on the inner wall of the wrapping pipe, and the occlusion grains I are arranged from dense to sparse from the anchor head of the anchor rod to the middle of the anchor rod; the one end opening of clamping piece is greater than other end opening, sets up interlock line II on the inner wall of clamping piece, and interlock line II is from close to sparse transition to the one end that the opening is little from the big one end of opening.

A use method of a constant force loading system for an earthen site anchoring and drawing test comprises the following steps:

A. measurement of the load expansion factor: assembling a pulley matching box, measuring the load expansion multiple of the pulley matching box of the earth site anchoring pull-out test constant force loading system by using a standard block, recording data, drawing a one-to-one correspondence relation between the standard block and the generated actual pull-out load, and establishing a load correspondence table;

B. installing a gripping device: the gripping tube is symmetrically buckled on the anchor rod, the small end of the frustum barrel of the gripping platform firstly penetrates through the gripping tube, the clamping piece is inserted into the frustum barrel, and the gripping platform is manually tensioned to enable the tensioned gripping platform to be positioned in the middle of the gripping tube;

C. build the main part board and install the pulley and join in marriage the cover box: a main body plate is built on an operation surface at the drawing position of the anchor rod, the pulley sleeve matching box is connected to a traction arm of the wrapping table through a main line, and the inclination angle of the anchor rod is measured through an inclination angle measurer; a pulley matched box is arranged on the main body plate, and the inclination angle of the main body plate is controlled to be consistent with the inclination angle of the anchor rod by adjusting the length of a telescopic rod of the vertical adjusting device; the stay wire of the pulley matching box is adjusted to be consistent with the axle center of the anchor rod by adjusting the position of the positioning block of the pulley matching box on the angle slide way of the main body plate;

D. installing a counter force supporting device: connecting a counter-force supporting device with a main body plate and a pulley matched box, wherein the fulcrum of a root telescopic rod of the counter-force supporting device is arranged on the same cylindrical surface of the site body;

E. applying a test load: and B, according to the loading numerical value required by the test and the load corresponding table measured in the step A, determining the number of the corresponding standard blocks, quickly clamping and hanging the standard blocks on a stay wire in sequence, and when the lowest standard block contacts the ground, quickly clamping and hanging the standard block on the uppermost part of the stay wire, and taking down the lowest standard block for later use, so that a constant gravity traction effect on the stay wire is formed, and a constant pulling force is applied to the anchor rod.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

a. the invention uses the gravity loading mode of the standard block, and fully utilizes the constant gravity to achieve the aim of constant drawing load.

b. The pulley matching box structure designed by the invention fully utilizes the labor-saving principle of the movable pulley block, enlarges the range of loads capable of being applied by testing, and greatly expands the usability of the pulley matching box structure.

c. The invention designs the structure of the gripping device, so that the anchor rod drawing test fully avoids brittle fracture of the rod body caused by stress concentration due to excessive clamping of the test device in the drawing process of the anchor rod.

d. The adjustable operating platform, the counter-force supporting rod and the gripping device are used in a combined mode, so that the drawing main line and the axis of the anchor rod can be rapidly overlapped, and the test accuracy and the working efficiency are greatly improved.

e. The use method of the serial suspension circulation of the standard blocks is provided in the use method, the adverse factor that the movable pulley block consumes the length of the pull rope is solved, and the slow load applying working condition is favorably realized.

f. The method is simple to operate, convenient to install and suitable for drawing the free face anchor rods in various forms.

g. The design of the system of the invention takes the requirements of scientific research experiment and construction production into consideration, so that the whole set of device has simple manufacture, low cost and convenient maintenance, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and use.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the main body plate shown in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a bottom view of the main body plate of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the telescopic rod of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the telescopic rod and the cross pad of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a front view of the cross pad of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the cross pad of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the external structure of the pulley kit according to the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the pulley kit according to the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a first movable pulley block structure of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a right side view of fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a second movable pulley block structure of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the wrapping table of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the gripping tube of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the clip of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of a fixed pulley III and a fixed pulley IV in the fixed pulley of the main body of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a winding mode of the movable pulley block structure.

In the figure, a pulley sleeve box 1, a first fixed pulley block 1a and a second fixed pulley block 1b, a second fixed pulley block 1c and a second movable pulley block 1d, a first positioning block 1e, a first slideway 1f, a second slideway 1g, a fixed pulley II1h, a fixed pulley I1I, a main line slide hole 1j, a stay wire slide hole 1k, a second positioning block 1l, a first fixing frame 1m, a second fixing frame 1n, 1p are main line connecting parts, 1q are stay wire connecting parts, 1r is a main body box, main body plates 2, 21 are base plates, 22 are angle slide ways, 23 are passing grooves, 24 are fixed blocks, 25 are tilt angle controllers, 26 are abdomen fixed blocks, telescopic rods 3, 31 are sleeves, 32 are threaded rods, 33 are fixed locks, 34 are spherical feet, main body fixed pulleys 5, 51 are pulleys, 52 are rotating shafts, supporting devices 6, 7 are holders, 71 are holding tables, 711 are cone tables, 712 are traction arm barrels, 713 is a rotary hinge, 72 is a clamping piece, 73 is a gripping pipe, 8 is a standard block, 9 is a pull wire, 10 is a reinforcing rod, and 11 is a main line.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, an earthen site anchoring pull-out test constant force loading system comprises a main body plate 2, wherein the main body plate 2 is fixed on an operation surface through a vertical adjusting device, and the vertical adjusting device can adjust the height of the main body plate 2 in the vertical direction, so that the height of a pulley sleeve matching box 1 on the main body plate 2 can be adjusted to be the same as that of an anchor rod. The main body plate 2 is provided with an angle adjusting mechanism, the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with the pulley matching box 1, and the angle adjusting mechanism can adjust the angle of the pulley matching box 1, so that a main line 11 connected with the anchor rod is coaxial with the anchor rod, the pulling force on the anchor rod is kept on the axis of the anchor rod, and the stress of the anchor rod is uniform. A movable pulley block structure is arranged in the pulley matching box 1, the movable pulley block structure can save labor by multiple times, and the anchor rod drawing test can be realized by using fewer standard blocks. The anchor rod tip is fixed with the gripping and wrapping device 7, and the gripping and wrapping device 7 can disperse the drawing force to the anchor rod to can reduce the rupture of anchor rod. The gripping device 7 is connected with one end of a movable pulley block structure of the pulley matching box 1 through a main line 11, the other end of the movable pulley block structure of the pulley matching box 1 is connected with a main body fixed pulley 5 through a pull wire 9, and a plurality of standard blocks 8 are clamped at the end part of the pull wire 9. The main line 11 is a line connecting the anchor rod and the first movable pulley block structure, and the pull line is a plurality of winding lines arranged above and below the movable pulley block structure. Acting force can be applied to the stay wire through the standard block 8, so that the main wire is pulled. The main body fixed pulley 5 is arranged on the main body plate 2 and can turn the direction of the stay wire, thereby facilitating the acting force of the standard block 8. As shown in fig. 1, the main body fixed pulley 5 comprises two fixed pulleys, namely, a fixed pulley III and a fixed pulley IV, as shown in fig. 16, each of the fixed pulley III and the fixed pulley IV comprises a pulley 51 and a rotating shaft 52, the pulley 51 is movably arranged on the rotating shaft 52, the pull wire 9 is arranged in a chute in the middle of the pulley 51, two ends of the rotating shaft 52 of the fixed pulley III are fixed on the main body plate 2 at the output end of the pulley matching box 1 through supporting rods, two ends of the rotating shaft 52 of the fixed pulley IV are fixed on the upper part of the telescopic rod 3 of the vertical adjusting device, the standard block 8 is clamped on the pull wire 9 at the outermost side of the fixed pulley IV, and the height of the fixed pulley IV is higher than that of the pulley matching box 1, so as to facilitate the clamping of the standard block.

As shown in fig. 8, the pulley kit 1 includes a main body case 1r, a positioning block matched with the angle adjusting mechanism is disposed at a lower portion of the main body case 1r, and an angle of the main body case 1r relative to the main body plate 2 can be adjusted by adjusting a position of the positioning block in the angle adjusting mechanism, so that an angle of a main line in a main line slide hole 1j of the main body case 1r is adjusted to be consistent with an angle of an axis of the anchor rod. Two sides of the main body box 1r are respectively provided with a stay wire slide hole 1k and a main line slide hole 1j for the stay wire 9 and the main line 11 to pass through, the main line slide hole 1j is arranged at the lower part of the main body box 1r, and the main line slide hole 1j is arranged at the upper part of the main body box 1 r. The stay wire 9 penetrates out of the stay wire slide hole 1k, and the main wire 11 penetrates into the main wire slide hole 1 j; the pull wire 9 passing through the pull wire slide hole 1k passes through the lower part of the fixed pulley III, then passes through the upper part of the fixed pulley IV, and then the standard block 8 is clamped on the pull wire. At least one group of movable pulley block structures are arranged in the main body box 1r, the movable pulley block structures provide labor-saving mechanisms, and the using number of the standard blocks 8 is reduced in a multiple mode.

As shown in fig. 9, the movable pulley block structure includes a first movable pulley block structure and a second movable pulley block structure, the first movable pulley block structure and the second movable pulley block structure are arranged in parallel in the main body box 1r side by side up and down, and the movement of the first movable pulley block structure and the movement of the second movable pulley block structure do not affect each other. As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the first movable pulley block structure includes a first fixed pulley block 1a and a first movable pulley block 1b, the first fixed pulley block 1a is installed on a first fixed frame 1m, the first fixed frame 1m is fixed on the main body box 1r, the first movable pulley block 1b is slidably disposed on the first fixed frame 1m, that is, the first movable pulley block 1b can slide along the first fixed frame 1m, the main line 11 is connected with the first fixed pulley block 1b, that is, the main line 11 is directly fixed on the first movable pulley block 1b through a main line connecting portion 1p, the main line connecting portion 1p is disposed in the middle of the first movable pulley block 1b, and the main line 11 moves along with the moving main line 1j of the first movable pulley block 1 b. The first fixed pulley block 1a and the first movable pulley block 1b are connected through a pull wire 9, namely, the pull wire 9 is firstly connected to the lowest end of the first movable pulley block 1b, then wound on one pulley of the first fixed pulley block 1a, then wound on one pulley of the first movable pulley block 1b, and so on, the pull wire 9 is wound on the last pulley of the first movable pulley block 1 b. The last pulley of the first movable pulley block 1b is connected with a fixed pulley I1I through a pull wire 9, the fixed pulley I1I is connected with a fixed pulley II1h through the pull wire 9, and the fixed pulley I1I is installed on one side of the first fixed frame 1m close to the first movable pulley block 1b and is located on the upper portion of the first movable pulley block 1b, so that the pull wire 9 output by the first movable pulley block 1b can be conveniently wound. As shown in fig. 12, the second movable pulley block structure includes a second fixed pulley block 1c and a second movable pulley block 1d, the second fixed pulley block 1c is installed on a second fixed frame 1n, the second movable pulley block 1d is slidably disposed on the second fixed frame 1n, a fixed pulley II1h is connected to the second movable pulley block 1d through a pull wire 9, a pull wire output from the first movable pulley block 1b is fixed to the second movable pulley block 1d through a pull wire connecting portion 1q, the pull wire connecting portion 1q is disposed in the middle of the second movable pulley block 1d, a fixed pulley II1h is installed on one side of the second fixed frame 1n close to the second movable pulley block 1d and located in the middle of the second movable pulley block 1d, and the fixed pulley II1h diverts the pull wire 9 to the middle of the second movable pulley block 1 d. As shown in fig. 12, the second movable pulley block 1d is connected to the second fixed pulley block 1c through another pull wire 9 in the same way as the connection between the first fixed pulley block 1a and the first movable pulley block 1b, the pull wire 9 is first fixed at one end of the second movable pulley block 1d, then wound around one of the second fixed pulley block 1c to slide, then wound around one of the pulleys of the second movable pulley block 1d, and so on, the pull wire 9 is output after passing through the last pulley of the second movable pulley block 1d, and the pull wire 9 of the last pulley of the second movable pulley block 1d extends out of the main body box 1r through the pull wire sliding hole 1 k.

The first fixing frame 1m is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the main body box 1r, the second fixing frame 1n is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the main body box 1r, and the first fixing frame 1m and the second fixing frame 1n are arranged in parallel; the first fixed frame 1m is provided with a first slideway 1f, the first movable pulley block 1b is horizontally arranged in the first slideway 1f in a sliding manner, namely the first movable pulley block 1b only needs to overcome friction force to do work and is more convenient for the sliding of the first movable pulley block 1b, the second fixed frame 1n is provided with a second slideway 1g, and the second movable pulley block 1d is arranged in the second slideway 1g in a sliding manner; the second slideway 1g is horizontally arranged, and the second movable pulley block 1d horizontally slides in the second slideway 1 g. The number of the pulleys of the first fixed pulley block 1a is equal to that of the pulleys of the first movable pulley block 1b, the number of the pulleys of the second fixed pulley block 1c is equal to that of the pulleys of the second movable pulley block 1d, the first fixed pulley block 1a, the first movable pulley block 1b, the second fixed pulley block 1c and the second movable pulley block 1d all contain 4-6 pulleys, and the length of the second slideway 1g is 8-14 times that of the first slideway 1 f. As shown in fig. 10-12, each of the first fixed pulley block 1a, the first movable pulley block 1b, the second fixed pulley block 1c and the second movable pulley block 1d includes 5 pulleys, and the 5 pulleys are coaxially fixed on a bracket, and the main wire 11 or the pull wire 9 is respectively fixed on the bracket of the first movable pulley block 1b or the second movable pulley block 1 d. The winding mode between the first fixed pulley block 1a and the first movable pulley block 1b is as follows: one end of a pull wire 9 is fixed on a bracket of the first movable pulley block 1b, then the pull wire 9 is wound on a pulley at the leftmost end of the first fixed pulley block 1a, then wound on a pulley at the leftmost end of the first movable pulley block 1b, and so on, and the pull wire 9 is wound on a pulley at the rightmost end of the first movable pulley block 1b and then wound on a fixed pulley I1I. The fixed pulley II1h rotates the pull wire 9 to the middle part of the second movable pulley block 1d and is fixed at the middle part of the second movable pulley block 1 d. Similarly, the winding mode between the second fixed pulley block c and the second movable pulley block 1d is as follows: one end of another pull wire 9 is fixed on a bracket of the second movable pulley block 1d, then the pull wire 9 is wound on a pulley at the leftmost end of the second fixed pulley block 1c, then is wound on a pulley at the leftmost end of the second movable pulley block 1d, and so on, the pull wire 9 is wound on a pulley at the rightmost end of the first movable pulley block 1g, namely the 5 th pulley, and then extends out through a pull wire sliding hole 1k to be connected with a fixed pulley III of the main fixed pulley 5. The rope winding principle of the movable pulley block structure of the pulley sleeve matching box 1 is shown in fig. 17, the first movable pulley block structure and the second movable pulley block structure both have 11 action lines and save 11 times of force, the extension line of the first movable pulley block structure is directly fixed on the second movable pulley block structure, when the first movable pulley block 1b of the first movable pulley block structure moves 1cm, the second movable pulley block 1d of the second movable pulley block structure needs to move 11cm, the pull line on the second movable pulley block 1d needs to move 11 x 11cm, and therefore the whole pulley sleeve matching box 1 saves 121 times of force. The moving distance of the anchor rod is 10cm, therefore, the length of the first slideway 1f is set to 10-13cm, similarly, the length of the second slideway 1g can be set to 110 and 150cm, therefore, the length of the whole pulley matching box 1 is 130 and 180 cm. Because the labor is saved by more than 100 times, the pulling force of the anchor rod is generally 30-50kN, and therefore, the standard block 8 only needs 250-420N.

Further, the pulley complete set box 1 is fixed on the relic body around the anchor rod through the counter-force strutting arrangement 6, and the counter-force strutting arrangement 6 symmetry is fixed around the anchor rod and on pulley complete set box 1 or the body plate 2, conveniently adjusts and can coincide fast with arm-tie thread and anchor rod axis. Vertical adjusting device and counter-force strutting arrangement 6 all include telescopic link 3 and cross pad 4, 3 one end of vertical adjusting device's telescopic link is connected with the operation surface through cross pad 4, the other end is connected with main part board 2, as shown in fig. 1, can adjust the vertical height of main part board 2 through adjusting telescopic link 3, wherein the upper portion of the telescopic link 3 that is close to two vertical adjusting device of the ruins body is direct to be connected with main part board 2, the middle part of the telescopic link 3 that is close to two vertical adjusting device of standard block 8 is connected with main part board 2, thereby adjust the whole height of main part board 2. Fixed anchor strut 10 that is equipped with between two telescopic links 3, anchor strut 10 sets up in the lower part of telescopic link for fix vertical adjusting device, can connect the anchor strut again after adjusting vertical adjusting device and consolidate. One end of a telescopic rod 3 of the counter-force supporting device 6 is connected with the relic body through a cross-shaped pad 4, and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected with the pulley matching box 1 or the main body plate 2. The number of the telescopic rods 3 of the counter-force supporting device 6 is 6, the centers of the cross pads 4 on the 6 telescopic rods 3 are on the same cylindrical surface of the site body, and the 6 telescopic rods 3 are symmetrically distributed on one side of the pulley matching box 1 or the main body plate 2, so that the pulley matching box 1 and the main body plate 2 are stressed uniformly, and the torque of the telescopic rods 3 on the pulley matching box 1 or the main body plate 2 can be reduced. In fig. 1, one of the telescopic rods 3 of the reaction force supporting device 6 is fixed to the middle of the pulley kit 1, the telescopic rod 3 symmetrical to the one is fixed to the lower portion of the main body plate 2, and the other 4 telescopic rods are symmetrically fixed to the upper and lower portions of the two sides of the pulley kit 1, respectively, so as to form a symmetrical distribution.

As shown in fig. 4, the telescopic rod 3 includes a threaded rod 32 and a sleeve 31, the sleeve 31 is in threaded connection with the threaded rod 32, the relative distance between the sleeve and the threaded rod is adjusted through threaded connection, two ends of the threaded rod 32 are respectively provided with a spherical foot 34 and a fixing lock 33, the spherical foot 34 is connected with the cross pad 4, and the fixing lock 33 is in clamping connection with the pulley matching box 1 or the main body plate 2, that is, the end of the telescopic rod is fixed on the pulley matching box 1 or the main body plate 2 through the fixing lock. There are two situations for the threaded rod 32: one comprising one threaded rod, one comprising two threaded rods; the telescopic link in the counter-force strutting arrangement 6 and the threaded rod that is close to the vertical adjusting device's of the ruins body threaded rod all include two threaded rods, two threaded rods respectively with sleeve 31's both ends threaded connection to can finely tune the length of telescopic link. Two telescopic links 3 of vertical adjusting device near standard block 8 only include a threaded rod, and the length of threaded rod is long, and its upper end fixed lock can be directly connected with the both ends of fixed pulley IV's pivot, and the sleeve 31 at the middle part of threaded rod 32 can reciprocate for the threaded rod, and the sleeve is fixed with the main part board to can adjust this one section height of main part board through adjusting sleeve. The cross pad 4 comprises a cross plate 41 and a spherical locking lock 42, wherein the cross plate 41 is arranged on an operation surface or an ancient site body. Ball latch 42 mates with ball foot 34, ball foot 34 being disposed in ball latch 42, ball foot 34 being rotatable relative to ball latch 42 to adjust the angle of threaded rod 32 relative to the body panel or site.

As shown in fig. 2, the main body plate 2 includes a base plate 21, the fixing blocks 24 are disposed around the base plate 21, the fixing blocks 24 are connected with the fixing locks 33 or the sleeves 31 of the telescopic rods 3, that is, the fixing blocks 24 respectively protrude from the base body 21 from the periphery, and the adjustment of the vertical adjustment device does not affect the pulley kit 1 thereon. The fixing block 24 is provided with a locking hole for facilitating the insertion of the fixing lock 33. The angle adjusting mechanism includes an angle slide 22 and an inclination controller 25, the inclination controller 25 is disposed at one side of the base plate 21, and the inclination controller 25 is used for measuring and displaying the inclination angle of the base plate so as to be consistent with the inclination angle of the anchor rod. The angle slide way 22 is of an arc structure and is arranged on the base plate 21, and a positioning block of the main body box 1r is movably arranged in the angle slide way 22; angle slide 22 includes the arc slide of two parallels, the locating piece includes first locating piece 1e and second locating piece 1l, first locating piece 1e and second locating piece 1l slide respectively and set up in two arc slides, distance between first locating piece 1e and the second locating piece 1l equals with the distance between the arc slide of two parallels, thereby remove the position of first locating piece 1e and second locating piece 1l respectively in two angle slides 22, can adjust the pulley and join in marriage the whole angle to base plate 21 of cover box 1, make the axis collineation of the thread that gets into pulley and join in marriage cover box 1 and stock. One side of the base plate 21 close to the standard block 8 is provided with a passing groove 23 for the stay wire 9 and the standard block 8 to pass through, the passing groove 23 is positioned at the front end of the fixed pulley III, and the sliding of the standard block 8 can not be influenced by the arrangement of the passing groove 23.

As shown in fig. 1, the bond applicator 7 includes a bond platform 71, a clip 72 and a bond tube 73, the bond tube 73 is fastened at the end of the anchor rod for sharing the acting force of the bond platform 71, one end of the bond platform 71 is sleeved on the bond tube 73, the other end is connected with the main line 11, the clip 72 is arranged between the bond tube 73 and the bond platform 71, and the clip is used for increasing the acting force between the bond tube 73 and the bond platform 71. As shown in fig. 13, the gripping platform 71 includes a frustum barrel 711, a traction arm 712 and a rotary hinge 713, the traction arm 712 is hinged to the frustum barrel 711 through the rotary hinge 713, the traction arm 712 can rotate relative to the frustum barrel 711 through the rotary hinge 713, the traction arm 712 is connected to the main line 11, the anchor rod is pulled through the traction arm 712, and the frustum barrel 711 is sleeved on the gripping pipe 73; the larger end of the frustum barrel 711 in diameter is closer to the traction arm 712, the smaller end of the frustum barrel 711 in diameter is far away from the traction arm 712, the clamping piece 72 is conveniently inserted into the larger end of the frustum barrel 711 in diameter, the frustum barrel 711 in diameter is larger than the holding tube 73 in diameter, and the frustum barrel 711 can be directly sleeved outside the holding tube 73. As shown in fig. 14, the wrapping tube 73 includes two semi-cylindrical structures, the diameter of the wrapping tube is the same as that of the anchor rod, the wrapping tube 73 is conveniently fastened to the anchor rod, the length of the wrapping tube 73 is 2-3 times that of the wrapping table 71, and the acting force on the anchor rod on the frustum barrel 711 can be dispersed. The inner wall of the gripping pipe 73 is provided with occlusion lines I, the occlusion lines I are from dense to sparse from the anchor head of the anchor rod to the middle of the anchor rod, namely, the acting force is gradually reduced from the front end of the anchor rod to the rear end of the anchor rod. The one end opening of clamping piece 72 is greater than the other end opening, and the diameter of clamping piece 72 is greater than the holding and wrapping pipe 73, makes things convenient for the little one end of opening to stretch into between frustum bucket 711 and the holding and wrapping pipe 73, then moves to the big one end of opening gradually through the effort, sets up interlock line II on the inner wall of clamping piece 72, and interlock line II is from the big one end of opening to the little one end of opening by close to sparse transition. The positions of the occlusion lines I and II are tightly occluded, and the stress is concentrated when being sparse. The front side of the occlusion line force is larger than the occlusion effect of the back side. Therefore, in order to avoid the excessive concentration of the contact stress between the rod body and the holding tube, the length of the holding tube is longer than that of the frustum barrel 711, and the occlusion lines I of the holding tube are sparse in the front and tight in the rear to achieve the neutralization effect. The occlusion lines II of the clamping pieces have the function firstly.

A. measurement of the load expansion factor: assembling the pulley matching box 1, measuring the load expansion multiple by using the standard block 8, recording data, drawing the one-to-one correspondence between the standard block 8 and the generated actual drawing load, and establishing a load correspondence table.

The common drawing test load range of the earthen site is 0-50kN, the total mass of the standard blocks corresponding to the drawing forces of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, …, 49.0, 49.5 and 50kN on the main line side is tested by taking 0-50kN as a test gradient according to 0.5 kN, and then a one-to-one correspondence table for enlarging the actual load and the total mass of the standard blocks is drawn. And E, dividing the total mass of the standard blocks into a plurality of independent standard blocks with equal mass according to the total mass of the standard blocks required by the actual load expansion of the target, facilitating subsequent measurement, and establishing a load correspondence table or looking up the table in the step E to select the number of the standard blocks.

B. Installing a gripping device: the wrapping tube 73 is symmetrically buckled on the anchor rod, the small end, namely the end with the smaller diameter, of the frustum barrel 711 of the wrapping table 71 firstly passes through the wrapping tube 73, the clamping piece 72 is inserted into the frustum barrel 711, and the wrapping table 71 is manually tensioned, so that the tensioned wrapping table 71 is positioned in the middle of the wrapping tube 73; the anchor rod is pulled from the middle, so that the acting force can be transmitted to the two ends of the gripping and wrapping pipe 73 through the gripping and wrapping table 71, and the breakage of the anchor rod is reduced.

C. Build main part board 2 and installation pulley complete sets 1: a main body plate 2 is built on an operation surface at the drawing position of the anchor rod, the pulley sleeve matching box 1 is connected to a traction arm 712 of the wrapping table through a main line 11, and the inclination angle of the anchor rod is measured through an inclination angle measurer; a pulley matching box 1 is arranged on a main body plate 2, and the inclination angle of the main body plate 2 is controlled to be consistent with the inclination angle of the anchor rod by adjusting the extending length of 4 telescopic rods 3 of a vertical adjusting device, even if the inclination angle displayed on an inclination angle controller 25 is the inclination angle of the anchor rod; the main line 11 of the pulley sleeve matching box 1 is adjusted to be consistent with the axle center of the anchor rod by adjusting the position of the positioning block of the pulley sleeve matching box 1 on the angle slide way 22 of the main body plate 2, so that the acting force of the pulley sleeve matching box 1 and the main line 11 on the anchor rod is in the center of the anchor rod, and the drawing consistency of the anchor rod is ensured.

D. Installing the counter force supporting device 6: connecting a counter-force supporting device 6 with a main body plate 2 and a pulley matched box 1, wherein the fulcrums of 6 telescopic rods 3 of the counter-force supporting device 6 are distributed on the same cylindrical surface of the site body; the reaction force supporting device 6 is used for supporting the main body plate 2 and the pulley kit 1, thereby making the pulley kit more stable in operation.

E. Applying a test load: and B, determining the number of the corresponding standard blocks 8 according to the loading value required by the test and the load corresponding table determined in the step A, rapidly clamping and hanging the standard blocks 8 on the pull wire 9 in sequence, rapidly clamping and hanging the standard blocks 8 on the uppermost part of the pull wire 9 when the lowest standard block 8 is in contact with the ground, and taking down the lowest standard block 8 for standby, so that a constant gravity traction effect on the pull wire 9 is formed, and a constant tension is applied to the anchor rod. Because the pull wire 9 extends out more, the pull wire 9 on the left side is always kept with a certain number of standard blocks 8 by utilizing the serial connection of the standard blocks 8, so that constant acting force can be applied to the anchor rod.

The constant force loading system for the earthen site anchoring and pulling test is a constant gravity loading principle of a weight suspension principle, wherein the pulley matching box is a combined structure of a movable pulley block and a movable pulley block, and the labor-saving principle of the movable pulley block is fully utilized to expand the range of loads capable of being applied in the test; the serial suspension circulation of the standard blocks solves the problem that the pulley block consumes the length of the pull rope, and is favorable for realizing the slow load applying working condition; the use of the gripping device avoids the brittle failure of the anchor rod drawing test caused by the stress concentration of the rod body due to the transition and holding of the experimental device. The loading method can fully improve the traditional drawing test of the earthen site anchoring system, is suitable for various earthen site anchoring and drawing tests under the free face, replaces the conventional form of loading and drawing out the anchor rod by the jack driving oil cylinder, provides sustainable and accurate test load for the earthen site anchoring and drawing test, and provides favorable support for the drawing test of the earthen site anchoring system. The system is convenient to install, accurate in drawing load control and simple to operate; the test working efficiency is improved, and the test precision is ensured.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The constant force loading system for the earthen site anchoring and drawing test comprises a main body plate (2) and is characterized in that the main body plate (2) is fixed on an operation surface through a vertical adjusting device, an angle adjusting mechanism is arranged on the main body plate (2), the angle adjusting mechanism is connected with a pulley matching box (1), and a movable pulley block structure is arranged in the pulley matching box (1); one end of a movable pulley block structure of the pulley matching box (1) is connected with the gripping device (7) through a main line (11), and the gripping device (7) is fixed at the end part of the anchor rod; the other end of the movable pulley block structure of the pulley matching box (1) is connected with the main body fixed pulley (5) through a pull wire (9), and a plurality of standard blocks (8) are clamped at the end part of the pull wire (9).

2. The earthen site anchoring pull-out test constant force loading system according to claim 1, wherein the pulley kit (1) comprises a main body box (1 r), and a positioning block matched with the angle adjusting mechanism is arranged at the lower part of the main body box (1 r); two sides of the main body box (1 r) are respectively provided with a stay wire slide hole (1 k) and a main wire slide hole (1 j) for the stay wire (9) and the main wire (11) to pass through; at least one group of movable pulley block structures are arranged in the main body box (1 r).

3. The earthen site anchoring pull-test constant force loading system as claimed in claim 2, the movable pulley block structure comprises a first movable pulley block structure and a second movable pulley block structure, the first movable pulley block structure comprises a first fixed pulley block (1 a) and a first movable pulley block (1 b), the first fixed pulley block (1 a) is installed on a first fixed frame (1 m), the first fixed frame (1 m) is fixed on a main body box (1 r), the first movable pulley block (1 b) is arranged on the first fixed frame (1 m) in a sliding mode, a main line (11) is connected with the first movable pulley block (1 b), the first fixed pulley block (1 a) is connected with the first movable pulley block (1 b) through a pull line (9), the first movable pulley block (1 b) is connected with a fixed pulley I (1I) through the pull line (9), and the fixed pulley I (1I) is connected with a fixed pulley II (1 h) through the pull line (9); the second movable pulley block structure comprises a second fixed pulley block (1 c) and a second movable pulley block (1 d), the second fixed pulley block (1 c) is installed on a second fixed frame (1 n), the second movable pulley block (1 d) is arranged on the second fixed frame (1 n) in a sliding mode, a fixed pulley II (1 h) is connected with the second movable pulley block (1 d) through a pull wire (9), the second movable pulley block (1 d) is connected with the second fixed pulley block (1 c) through the pull wire (9), and the pull wire (9) on the second movable pulley block (1 d) extends out of the main body box (1 r) through a pull wire sliding hole (1 k).

4. The earthen site anchoring pull-out test constant force loading system according to claim 3, wherein the first fixing frame (1 m) is fixedly arranged at the lower part of the main body box (1 r), the second fixing frame (1 n) is fixedly arranged at the upper part of the main body box (1 r), and the first fixing frame (1 m) and the second fixing frame (1 n) are arranged in parallel; a first slideway (1 f) is arranged on the first fixing frame (1 m), a first movable pulley block (1 b) is arranged in the first slideway (1 f) in a sliding manner, a second slideway (1 g) is arranged on the second fixing frame (1 n), and a second movable pulley block (1 d) is arranged in the second slideway (1 g) in a sliding manner; the number of the pulleys of the first fixed pulley block (1 a) is equal to that of the pulleys of the first movable pulley block (1 b), the number of the pulleys of the second fixed pulley block (1 c) is equal to that of the pulleys of the second movable pulley block (1 d), the first fixed pulley block (1 a), the first movable pulley block (1 b), the second fixed pulley block (1 c) and the second movable pulley block (1 d) all contain 4-6 pulleys, and the length of the second slideway (1 g) is 8-14 times that of the first slideway (1 f); the fixed pulley I (1I) is arranged on one side, close to the first movable pulley block (1 b), of the first fixing frame (1 m) and is located on the upper portion of the first movable pulley block (1 b), and the fixed pulley II (1 h) is arranged on one side, close to the second movable pulley block (1 d), of the second fixing frame (1 n) and is located in the middle of the second movable pulley (1 d).

5. The earthen site anchoring pull-out test constant force loading system as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein said pulley kit is fixed on the earthen site body around the anchor rod by a counter force supporting device (6); the vertical adjusting device and the counter-force supporting device (6) both comprise telescopic rods (3) and cross pads (4), one ends of the telescopic rods (3) of the vertical adjusting device are connected with the operating surface through the cross pads (4), and the other ends of the telescopic rods are connected with the main body plate (2); one end of a telescopic rod (3) of the counter-force supporting device (6) is connected with the site body through a cross-shaped pad (4), and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected with the pulley matching box (1) or the main body plate (2).

6. The earthen site anchoring and pulling test constant force loading system according to claim 5, wherein the number of the telescopic rods (3) of the counter force supporting device (6) is 6, the centers of the cross pads (4) on the 6 telescopic rods (3) are on the same cylindrical surface of the earthen site body, and the 6 telescopic rods (3) are symmetrically distributed on one side of the pulley sleeve matching box (1) or the main body plate (2).

7. The earthen site anchoring and pulling test constant-force loading system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the telescopic rod (3) comprises a threaded rod (32) and a sleeve (31), the sleeve (31) is in threaded connection with the threaded rod (32), two ends of the threaded rod (32) are respectively provided with a spherical foot (34) and a fixed lock (33), the spherical foot (34) is connected with the cross-shaped pad (4), and the fixed lock (33) is clamped with the pulley matching box (1) or the main body plate (2); the cross pad (4) comprises a cross plate (41) and a spherical lock (42), the cross plate (41) is arranged on an operation surface or an ancient ruined site body, and the spherical lock (42) is matched with the spherical foot (34).

8. The earthen site anchoring and pulling test constant force loading system as claimed in claim 7, wherein said main body plate (2) comprises a base plate (21), fixed blocks (24) are arranged around the base plate (21), the fixed blocks (24) are connected with a fixed lock (33) or a sleeve (31) of a telescopic rod (3); the angle adjusting mechanism comprises an angle slide way (22) and an inclination angle controller (25), the inclination angle controller (25) is arranged on one side of the base plate (21), the angle slide way (22) is of an arc-shaped structure and is arranged on the base plate (21), and a positioning block of the main body box (1 r) is movably arranged in the angle slide way (22); a through groove (23) for the stay wire (9) and the standard block (8) to pass through is formed in one side, close to the standard block (8), of the base plate (21); the angle slide (22) comprises two parallel arc slides, the positioning block comprises a first positioning block (1 e) and a second positioning block (1 l), and the first positioning block (1 e) and the second positioning block (1 l) are arranged in the two arc slides in a sliding mode respectively.

9. The earthen site anchoring and pulling test constant force loading system according to any one of claims 1 and 6 to 8, wherein the bond wrapper (7) comprises a bond wrapper table (71), a clamping piece (72) and a bond wrapper tube (73), the bond wrapper tube (73) is buckled at the end part of the anchor rod, one end of the bond wrapper table (71) is sleeved on the bond wrapper tube (73), the other end is connected with the main line (11), and the clamping piece (72) is arranged between the bond wrapper tube (73) and the bond wrapper table (71); the gripping platform (71) comprises a frustum barrel (711), a traction arm (712) and a rotary hinge (713), the traction arm (712) is hinged with the frustum barrel (711) through the rotary hinge (713), the traction arm (712) is connected with the main line (11), and the frustum barrel (711) is sleeved on the gripping pipe (73); the length of the wrapping tube (73) is 2-3 times of that of the wrapping table (71), occlusion lines I are arranged on the inner wall of the wrapping tube (73), and the occlusion lines I are arranged from the middle of the anchor rod to the middle of the anchor rod from the anchor head of the anchor rod to the middle of the anchor rod; one end opening of the clamping piece (72) is larger than the other end opening, occlusion lines II are arranged on the inner wall of the clamping piece (72), and the occlusion lines II are in sparse transition from the dense side to the sparse side from the large end of the opening to the small end of the opening.

10. The use method of the earthen site anchoring pull-out test constant force loading system according to claim 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. measurement of the load expansion factor: assembling the pulley matching box (1), measuring the load expansion multiple of the pulley matching box (1) by using the standard block (8), recording data, drawing the one-to-one correspondence between the standard block (8) and the generated actual drawing load, and establishing a load correspondence table;

B. installing a gripping device: the wrapping tube (73) is symmetrically buckled on the anchor rod, the small end of the frustum barrel (711) of the wrapping table (71) firstly passes through the wrapping tube (73), the clamping piece (72) is inserted into the frustum barrel (711), and the wrapping table (71) is manually tensioned, so that the tensioned wrapping table (71) is positioned in the middle of the wrapping tube (73);

C. build main part board (2) and installation pulley complete sets: a main body plate (2) is built on an operation surface at the drawing position of the anchor rod, a pulley sleeve matching box (1) is connected to a traction arm (712) of a bond pad through a main line (11), and the inclination angle of the anchor rod is measured through an inclination angle measurer; a pulley matched box (1) is arranged on the main body plate (2), and the inclination angle of the main body plate (2) is controlled to be consistent with the inclination angle of the anchor rod by adjusting the length of a telescopic rod (3) of the vertical adjusting device; the pull wire (9) of the pulley matching box (1) is adjusted to be consistent with the axle center of the anchor rod by adjusting the position of the positioning block of the pulley matching box (1) on the angle slide way (22) of the main body plate (2);

D. installing a counter force supporting device (6): connecting a counter-force supporting device (6) with a main body plate (2) and a pulley matched box (1), wherein fulcrums of 6 telescopic rods (3) of the counter-force supporting device (6) are arranged on the same cylindrical surface of the site body;

E. applying a test load: and B, according to the loading value required by the test and the load corresponding table measured in the step A, determining the number of the corresponding standard blocks (8), quickly clamping and hanging the standard blocks (8) on the pull wire (9) in sequence, quickly clamping and hanging the standard blocks (8) at the uppermost part of the pull wire (9) when the lowest standard block (8) is contacted with the ground, and taking down the lowest standard block (8) for standby, so that a constant gravity traction effect on the pull wire (9) is formed, and the constant tension is applied to the anchor rod.