CN111379728B - Closed circulation centrifugal compressor characteristic test device - Google Patents

Closed circulation centrifugal compressor characteristic test device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111379728B
CN111379728B CN202010352961.4A CN202010352961A CN111379728B CN 111379728 B CN111379728 B CN 111379728B CN 202010352961 A CN202010352961 A CN 202010352961A CN 111379728 B CN111379728 B CN 111379728B
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gas
pressure
valve
circulation loop
mixed gas
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CN111379728A (en
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马同玲
秦勇
王大磊
张希
李淑芳
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Beijing Power Machinery Institute
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Beijing Power Machinery Institute
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/001Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a closed circulation centrifugal compressor characteristic test device, which comprises: the system comprises an inert mixed gas storage tank, an air inlet pressure regulator, a pressure stabilizing box, a flowmeter, an air inlet and outlet temperature and pressure probe, a compressor tester, a high-temperature exhaust valve, a throttle valve, a pressure reducing valve, a cooling water and water inlet and outlet device, a heat exchanger, a gas component analyzer and a vacuum pump which are sequentially connected to form a closed circulation loop, wherein the inert mixed gas is used as a working medium; and the low-pressure air source, the flow regulating valve, the flow fine-tuning valve, the heater and the centripetal turbine are connected to form an open type circulation loop, and air is used as a working medium. The invention has the obvious characteristics of simple and reasonable structural design, resource saving and the like, and is easy to popularize and apply in a large scale.

Description

Closed circulation centrifugal compressor characteristic test device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas compressors, and relates to a characteristic test device of a closed circulation centrifugal gas compressor by taking inert mixed gas as a working medium.
Background
Currently, including helium, supercritical CO2Many gases, including equal working fluids, have been used as alternatives to air or gas for closed and semi-closed brayton cycles. Similar theory suggests that for an ideal gas, the aerodynamic properties of the impeller are dimensionless functions of the reduced velocity parameter, the reduced flow parameter, the reynolds number, and the adiabatic exponent. Obviously, when the turbine uses the alternative working medium, the adiabatic index of the working medium is changed, the traditional turbine modeling criterion is not applicable, and the characteristic of the alternative working medium compressor cannot be obtained through the modeling of the test data of the characteristic of the air working medium turbine. In order to obtain the pneumatic characteristics of the centrifugal compressor taking inert gas as a closed cycle working medium, the development performance of the centrifugal compressor must be tested and researched. Therefore, it is very important to establish a test device for measuring the characteristics of the closed-cycle centrifugal compressor.
Disclosure of Invention
Objects of the invention
The purpose of the invention is: the utility model provides a closed circulation centrifugal compressor characteristic test device, solves the centrifugal compressor performance test problem of using inert gas mixture as working medium, and wherein the inlet of compressor tester is total pressure, total temperature is the constant value, and the inert gas mixture after the pressure boost passes through the adjustment of relief pressure valve and heat exchanger, satisfies the air inlet condition of compressor tester once more to form closed circulation circuit in the pipeline, avoid causing the waste of expensive inert gas mixture, reduce the performance test cost.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a closed cycle centrifugal compressor characteristic test apparatus, which includes: the closed circulation loop is connected with the gas compressor tester to form a closed circulation loop, and the open circulation loop is connected with the gas compressor tester; the closed circulation loop comprises an inert mixed gas storage tank, a pressure stabilizing box, a flowmeter, a pressure reducing valve, a heat exchanger and a gas component analyzer; the inert mixed gas storage tank is used for providing an inert mixed gas working medium, and the inert mixed gas working medium is introduced into the gas inlet of the gas compressor tester after passing through the pressure stabilizing box and the flowmeter in sequence; the gas compressor tester exhausts tested gas from an exhaust port, and the tested gas passes through the pressure reducing valve, the heat exchanger and the gas composition analyzer in sequence and then is introduced into the pressure stabilizing box; the open circulation loop comprises an air source, a flow regulating valve, a flow fine-tuning valve, a heater and a centripetal turbine, wherein after the flow of the air source is regulated by the flow regulating valve, one part of the air source is heated by the heater and then introduced into the centripetal turbine, and the other part of the air source is regulated by the flow fine-tuning valve and then pushes the centripetal turbine to do work to drive a compressor tester coaxial with the centripetal turbine to work, so that the operation of the closed circulation loop is realized.
And an air inlet pressure regulator is also arranged between the outlet of the inert mixed gas storage tank and the pressure stabilizing box to regulate the inert mixed gas entering the pressure stabilizing box.
And an air inlet temperature and pressure probe is arranged between the flowmeter and the air inlet of the air compressor tester and is used for detecting the temperature and the pressure of the inert mixed gas entering the air compressor tester.
And an exhaust temperature and pressure probe is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the compressor tester and the pressure reducing valve.
And a high-temperature exhaust valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the exhaust temperature and pressure probe and the pressure reducing valve.
And a throttle valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the high-temperature exhaust valve and the pressure reducing valve.
A vacuum pump is arranged between the gas composition analyzer and the pressure stabilizing box and used for completely discharging air in the closed circulation loop in the early preparation stage of the performance test of the gas compressor tester; the gas composition analyzer collects the inert mixed gas and performs chromatographic analysis thereon.
Wherein, a cooling water inlet and outlet system is arranged on the heat exchanger.
(III) advantageous effects
The closed circulation centrifugal compressor characteristic test device provided by the technical scheme has the following advantages:
1. aiming at the problems that the inert mixed gas is expensive and the performance test cost of parts is difficult to bear, a closed circulation loop is established through equipment such as a throttle valve, a pressure reducing valve, a heat exchanger and a centripetal turbine, the recycling of the inert mixed gas is realized, the device has the remarkable advantages of saving energy, reducing the performance test cost and the like, and is easy to popularize and utilize on a large scale.
2. The centripetal turbine is adopted as a power device of the gas compressor tester, special power equipment does not need to be purchased, the simplicity and practicability are realized, the cost of the test device is reduced, and the adjustment and control difficulty of the whole test system is also reduced.
3. The rotating speed of the centripetal turbine can be controlled by adjusting the opening degrees of the flow regulating valve and the flow fine-tuning valve, so that the open-type circulation loop enters a rotating speed closed-loop control state, the closed-loop control of the physical rotating speed of the gas compressor tester and the inlet flow of the centripetal turbine is realized, and the complexity of a control system of the test device is reduced.
4. When the gas compressor tester is switched among different folding rotating speeds, the total inlet temperature and the total pressure of the gas compressor tester are ensured to be unchanged, the physical flow of the inert mixed gas in a closed circulation loop is increased or reduced only through the switch of the high-temperature exhaust valve and the valve of the inert mixed gas storage tank, the matching change of the folding flow and the folding rotating speed of the gas compressor tester can be realized, the variable working condition requirement of the performance test of the centrifugal gas compressor is met, and the adjusting and controlling difficulty of the performance test of the components of the centrifugal gas compressor is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a characteristic testing device of a closed-cycle centrifugal compressor.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a centrifugal compressor performance test adjustment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the device for testing the characteristics of the closed-cycle centrifugal compressor of the embodiment includes: the closed circulation loop is connected with the gas compressor tester to form a closed circulation loop, and the open circulation loop is connected with the gas compressor tester; the closed circulation loop comprises an inert mixed gas storage tank, a pressure stabilizing box, a flowmeter, a pressure reducing valve, a heat exchanger and a gas component analyzer; the inert mixed gas storage tank is used for providing an inert mixed gas working medium, and the inert mixed gas working medium is introduced into the gas inlet of the gas compressor tester after passing through the pressure stabilizing box and the flowmeter in sequence; the gas compressor tester exhausts tested gas from an exhaust port, and the tested gas passes through the pressure reducing valve, the heat exchanger and the gas composition analyzer in sequence and then is introduced into the pressure stabilizing box; the open circulation loop comprises an air source, a flow regulating valve, a flow fine-tuning valve, a heater and a centripetal turbine, wherein after the flow of the air source is regulated by the flow regulating valve, one part of the air source is heated by the heater and then introduced into the centripetal turbine, and the other part of the air source is regulated by the flow fine-tuning valve and then pushes the centripetal turbine to do work to drive a compressor tester coaxial with the centripetal turbine to work, so that the operation of the closed circulation loop is realized.
In the open circulation loop, air supplied by a low-pressure air source pushes the centripetal turbine to do work, the centrifugal compressor tester coaxial with the centripetal turbine is driven to work, and the operation of the closed circulation loop is further realized. The heater heats the air supplied by the low-pressure air source, and the expanded airflow is prevented from freezing at the outlet of the centripetal turbine. The flow fine-tuning valve is used for accurately adjusting the air flow of the loop, so that the open type circulation loop enters a rotating speed closed-loop control state, and the closed-loop control of the physical rotating speed of the gas compressor tester and the inlet flow of the centripetal turbine is realized. The centripetal turbine adopts grease lubrication bearing, avoids air in the open circulation loop from leaking to the closed circulation loop through the bearing, and damages the concentration and the components of the inert mixed gas in the loop.
In the closed circulation loop, the pressure stabilizing box is used for weakening the pressure pulsation of airflow in the pipeline, plays a role in stabilizing the pressure and ensures the stability and uniformity of an airflow field at the inlet of the compressor tester.
An air inlet pressure regulator is also arranged between the outlet of the inert mixed gas storage tank and the pressure stabilizing box to regulate the inert mixed gas entering the pressure stabilizing box.
The flow meter is used for metering the flow of the inert mixed gas introduced into the gas compressor tester.
And an air inlet temperature and pressure probe is arranged between the flowmeter and the air inlet of the air compressor tester and is used for detecting the temperature and the pressure of the inert mixed gas entering the air compressor tester.
And a connecting pipeline between the gas compressor tester and the pressure reducing valve is sequentially provided with a gas exhaust temperature and pressure probe, a high-temperature gas exhaust valve and a throttle valve. The exhaust temperature and pressure probes are used for detecting the temperature and pressure of the inert mixed gas exhausted by the compressor tester. The high-temperature exhaust valve is used for adjusting the physical flow of the inert mixed gas in the pipeline, and when the physical flow of the inert mixed gas in the loop needs to be reduced, the inert mixed gas can be directly exhausted into the atmospheric environment through the high-temperature exhaust valve. From the perspective of energy saving, although the inert mixed gas is wasted in the above operation, the complexity of the test device is greatly simplified, the construction cost of the test device is also reduced, and the large-scale popularization and application are easy. The throttle valve is used for adjusting the total outlet pressure of the gas compressor tester, so that the control of the inlet-outlet pressure ratio of the gas compressor tester is realized, and the requirement on test performance is met.
In this embodiment, under the condition that the physical flow of the inert mixed gas is kept unchanged, the pressure reducing valve in the closed circulation loop is used for realizing pressure adjustment in a large range, and it is ensured that when the compressor tester works at the same folding rotation speed, the change of the folding flow can be realized only by adjusting the total pressure of the outlet of the compressor tester. In addition, when the compressor tester generates surge, the opening of the pressure reducing valve is immediately increased to perform surge relieving operation, and if the compressor tester still cannot relieve surge, the high-temperature exhaust valve is directly opened.
The heat exchanger in the embodiment controls the inlet total temperature of the compressor tester with high precision, and ensures that the inlet total temperature precision reaches +/-2K under various working conditions. And a cooling water inlet and outlet system is arranged on the heat exchanger.
During the operation of the test device, inert mixed gas is collected by a gas component analyzer in the closed circulation loop and subjected to chromatographic analysis, so that the working medium components and the concentration in the closed circulation loop can meet the performance test requirements of the centrifugal compressor.
A vacuum pump is arranged between the gas component analyzer and the pressure stabilizing box and is mainly used for completely discharging air in a closed circulation loop in the early preparation stage of the performance test of the centrifugal compressor, so that the components and the concentration of the inert mixed gas in the pipeline can meet the requirements of the performance test of the centrifugal compressor.
In the invention, when the gas compressor tester is switched among different folding rotating speeds, the total temperature and the total pressure of an inlet of the gas compressor tester are ensured to be unchanged, and the matching change of the folding flow and the folding rotating speed can be realized only by increasing or reducing the physical flow of the inert mixed gas in the closed circulation loop. The measures can realize the matching change of the folded flow and the folded rotating speed of the compressor tester only by adjusting the total pressure of the outlet of the compressor tester and the physical flow of the inert mixed gas, meet the variable working condition requirement of the performance test of the centrifugal compressor, and greatly reduce the adjusting and controlling difficulty of the performance test of the components of the centrifugal compressor.
Because the possibility of leakage of the inert mixed gas from the bearing or the pipeline connection exists, during the operation of the test device, the working medium is continuously injected into the closed circulation loop through the inert mixed gas storage tank, and the pressure in the pipeline is stabilized at a certain level through a pressure stabilizing box, a throttle valve and other equipment, so that the working medium with stable working condition is formed in a test section.
Based on the test device, the process of the method for testing the characteristics of the closed-cycle centrifugal compressor in the embodiment is as follows:
(1) and closing the flow regulating valve and the flow fine-tuning valve of the open circulation loop, opening the throttle valve and the pressure reducing valve of the closed circulation loop, and starting the vacuum pump to exhaust air in the closed circulation loop. Injecting inert mixed gas into the closed circulation loop through an inert gas storage tank until the pressure in the pressure stabilizing box reaches 0.1 MPa;
(2) opening a heat exchanger of a closed circulation loop, opening a heater of an open circulation loop to the minimum power, gradually opening a flow regulating valve of the open circulation loop, pushing a centripetal turbine by air supplied by an air source, and increasing the rotating speed of a gas compressor tester coaxial with the centripetal turbine to a design value of 20% -30%;
(3) the power of the heater of the open circulation loop is gradually improved, the flow regulating valve of the open circulation loop is synchronously regulated, the temperature of the inlet of the centripetal turbine is ensured not to exceed a specified value, and the rotating speed of the tester is not more than 50% of a design value;
(4) the rotating speed of the centripetal turbine is increased to a working condition 1 (a working condition point corresponding to a five-pointed star in the figure) shown in figure 2 through the flow fine adjustment valve, so that the open circulation loop enters a rotating speed closed-loop control state, and the closed-loop control of the physical rotating speed of the gas compressor tester and the inlet flow of the centripetal turbine is realized. According to the pressure increase ratio of the centrifugal compressor corresponding to the working condition 1, the opening degree of the pressure reducing valve is adjusted, so that the front-back pressure difference is enabled to be a proper value (generally 92-97% of the designed pressure ratio); adjusting the opening of a throttle valve to ensure that the total pressure of an inlet of the centrifugal compressor is stabilized at a set working condition; adjusting the power of the heat exchanger, and stabilizing the total inlet temperature of the centrifugal compressor at a set working condition, so that the centrifugal compressor works near a working condition 1 shown in figure 2;
(5) adjusting the opening of a pressure reducing valve, and changing the total pressure of an outlet of a gas compressor tester; and meanwhile, the power of the heat exchanger is adjusted, the total inlet temperature of the compressor tester is ensured to be unchanged, and the working point of the centrifugal compressor only moves on the characteristic line corresponding to the rotating speed. And when the parameters of the air flow at the inlet and the outlet of the gas compressor tester are stable, measuring thermodynamic parameters at the inlet and the outlet of the gas compressor tester, and ensuring that the number of data points recorded by each characteristic line is not less than 6. It should be noted that when the compressor surging, the high-temperature exhaust valve should be opened immediately and the opening of the pressure reducing valve should be increased to relieve the surge;
(6) and repeating the operations of the 4 th step and the 5 th step, and synchronously adjusting the gas compressor tester to other rotating speeds to be tested by adjusting the rotating speed of the centripetal turbine in the open circulation loop, thereby sequentially completing the measurement and recording of all characteristic line data points. In addition, according to the pressure change condition in the closed circulation loop, inert mixed gas is injected into the closed circulation loop or discharged from the closed circulation loop, and when the centrifugal compressors at different rotating speeds work at the design working point shown in the figure 2, the pressure in a pressure stabilizing box in the closed circulation loop is close to 0.1 MPa.
According to the technical scheme, after the inert mixed gas discharged by the gas compressor tester is regulated by the pressure reducing valve and the heat exchanger, the pressure is reduced, the temperature is increased, the gas inlet condition of the gas compressor tester is met after the secondary fine adjustment of the pressure stabilizing box, and the inert mixed gas can be reused for the performance test of the centrifugal gas compressor, so that a closed circulation loop is established, and the cyclic utilization of the working medium is realized. The centripetal turbine in the open circulation loop is used as a power device of the gas compressor tester, and air supplied by the air source pushes the turbine to do work and drives the gas compressor tester to work. The rotating speed of the centripetal turbine can be adjusted through the flow regulating valve and the flow fine adjustment valve, so that the open type circulation loop enters a rotating speed closed-loop control state, the closed-loop control of the physical rotating speed of the compressor tester and the inlet flow of the centripetal turbine is realized, and the variable working condition requirement of the performance test of the centrifugal compressor is met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a closed circulation centrifugal compressor characteristic test device which characterized in that includes: the closed circulation loop is connected with the gas compressor tester to form a closed circulation loop, and the open circulation loop is connected with the gas compressor tester; the closed circulation loop comprises an inert mixed gas storage tank, a pressure stabilizing box, a flowmeter, a pressure reducing valve, a heat exchanger and a gas component analyzer; the inert mixed gas storage tank is used for providing an inert mixed gas working medium, and the inert mixed gas working medium is introduced into the gas inlet of the gas compressor tester after passing through the pressure stabilizing box and the flowmeter in sequence; the gas compressor tester exhausts tested gas from an exhaust port, and the tested gas passes through the pressure reducing valve, the heat exchanger and the gas composition analyzer in sequence and then is introduced into the pressure stabilizing box; the open circulation loop comprises an air source, a flow regulating valve, a flow fine-tuning valve, a heater and a centripetal turbine, wherein after the flow of the air source is regulated by the flow regulating valve, one part of the air source is heated by the heater and then introduced into the centripetal turbine, and the other part of the air source is regulated by the flow fine-tuning valve and then pushes the centripetal turbine to do work to drive a compressor tester coaxial with the centripetal turbine to work, so that the operation of the closed circulation loop is realized;
an air inlet pressure regulator is also arranged between the outlet of the inert mixed gas storage tank and the pressure stabilizing box to regulate the inert mixed gas entering the pressure stabilizing box;
an air inlet temperature and pressure probe is arranged between the flowmeter and the air inlet of the air compressor tester and is used for detecting the temperature and pressure of the inert mixed gas entering the air compressor tester;
an exhaust temperature and pressure probe is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the gas compressor tester and the pressure reducing valve;
a high-temperature exhaust valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the exhaust temperature and pressure probe and the pressure reducing valve;
a throttle valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the high-temperature exhaust valve and the pressure reducing valve;
a vacuum pump is arranged between the gas composition analyzer and the pressure stabilizing box and is used for completely discharging air in the closed circulation loop in the early preparation stage of the performance test of the gas compressor tester; a gas component analyzer collects the inert mixed gas and carries out chromatographic analysis on the inert mixed gas;
and a cooling water inlet and outlet system is arranged on the heat exchanger.
CN202010352961.4A 2020-04-29 2020-04-29 Closed circulation centrifugal compressor characteristic test device Active CN111379728B (en)

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CN111379728B true CN111379728B (en) 2022-02-11

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CN112414719B (en) * 2020-10-26 2023-03-03 北京动力机械研究所 Self-circulation closed type turbine part test system
CN112610519B (en) * 2020-12-14 2022-07-05 北京动力机械研究所 Inert gas closed circulation radial flow type impeller mechanical performance test device
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CN202582906U (en) * 2012-03-01 2012-12-05 南京航空航天大学 Mini compressor/turbine combined testing stand
CN104389802A (en) * 2014-11-13 2015-03-04 宁波威孚天力增压技术有限公司 Air compressor end oil leakage detection device for turbocharger laboratory
CN108194400A (en) * 2018-03-06 2018-06-22 哈尔滨广瀚燃气轮机有限公司 It is a kind of using helium as the closed cycle Compressor test platform of working medium
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102518582A (en) * 2011-12-09 2012-06-27 中国兵器工业集团第七○研究所 Abrasion test device for gas compressor
CN202582906U (en) * 2012-03-01 2012-12-05 南京航空航天大学 Mini compressor/turbine combined testing stand
CN104389802A (en) * 2014-11-13 2015-03-04 宁波威孚天力增压技术有限公司 Air compressor end oil leakage detection device for turbocharger laboratory
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