CN110095206B - Rotor temperature measurement simulation system and method of low-temperature centrifugal fluid machine - Google Patents
Rotor temperature measurement simulation system and method of low-temperature centrifugal fluid machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110095206B CN110095206B CN201910421333.4A CN201910421333A CN110095206B CN 110095206 B CN110095206 B CN 110095206B CN 201910421333 A CN201910421333 A CN 201910421333A CN 110095206 B CN110095206 B CN 110095206B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/006—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for cryogenic purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/04—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving solid bodies
- G01K13/08—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving solid bodies in rotary movement
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rotor temperature measurement simulation system and method of a low-temperature centrifugal fluid machine. The system comprises a refrigerator, a centrifugal fluid machine to be tested, a flowmeter, a flow regulating valve, a power fluid machine and a heater which are connected through a pipeline. In the invention, the refrigerator is used as a cold source, the power fluid machine provides circulating power for media in the system, and the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested is kept static. The system can realize the rotor temperature measurement of the centrifugal fluid machine during the transportation of low-temperature working medium, obtain a complete internal temperature field and axial heat leakage, and is beneficial to the heat insulation structure design of the whole machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotor temperature measurement of fluid machinery, in particular to a rotor temperature measurement simulation system and method of low-temperature centrifugal fluid machinery.
Background
With the continuous development of low-temperature engineering, low-temperature centrifugal fluid machines are beginning to be widely applied to helium low-temperature systems in the fields of air separation, aerospace and large scientific engineering, and comprise a liquid oxygen pump in a 90K temperature zone, a liquid nitrogen pump in a 77K temperature zone, a helium circulating fan in a 40K temperature zone, a liquid hydrogen pump in a 20K temperature zone, a helium gas cooling compressor in a 4K temperature zone and the like. The most important difference between the cryogenic fluid machine and the normal temperature fluid machine is that the cryogenic fluid machine has very high requirement for thermal insulation performance, because the impeller side of the rotor is in low temperature environment and the motor side is in room temperature environment, and the great temperature difference can cause the axial heat conduction to be very large, thereby having adverse effect on the components and even the system. After the liquid working medium in the low-temperature pump absorbs heat, vaporization can occur, thereby inducing cavitation in the impeller and damaging the impeller and even a rotor system. With respect to cryogenic helium recycle blowers and compressors, research has shown that the efficiency of cryogenic systems decreases significantly as the amount of heat leakage from the fluid machinery increases.
In order to design the heat insulation structure of the cryogenic fluid machine more efficiently, the temperature field inside the fluid machine needs to be measured, and particularly the axial temperature distribution of the rotor determines the heat transferred into the conveyed working medium by the rotor. Most of the existing methods for measuring the temperature of the rotor measure the temperature of the rotor in a contact or non-contact manner under the condition that the rotor is kept in a rotating state. CN104374491A (an apparatus and method for measuring temperature of rotor of explosion-proof motor) proposes a method for measuring temperature by installing a fiber grating temperature sensor on the rotor of motor and leading out optical signals through a fiber rotary connector. CN206850621U (a rotor temperature measuring device for a generator set) proposes a method for measuring the rotor temperature by fixing a thermistor on the rotor and transmitting a resistance signal through a brush slider. CN207180900U (non-contact power supply temperature measuring device for rotating parts) proposes a method of setting up two circuits on the stator side and the rotor side, and implementing temperature measurement through signal transmission between the stator side transmitting coil and the rotor side receiving coil. The method can be used for measuring the temperature of the normal-temperature or high-temperature rotor, but the temperature measuring element cannot work normally at low temperature. Moreover, when the rotor rotates, the transmission of electrical signals is severely disturbed by electromagnetic effects inside the motor, resulting in a deviation in the temperature measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rotor temperature measurement simulation system and method of a low-temperature centrifugal fluid machine, aiming at the problems, and solving the problem that the rotor temperature cannot be measured at low temperature.
A rotor temperature measurement simulation system of a low-temperature centrifugal fluid machine comprises a refrigerator, the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested, a flowmeter, a flow regulating valve, a power fluid machine and a heater, which are connected through a pipeline;
the refrigerator is used for cooling fluid media in the system;
in the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested, the rotor is kept static and is provided with a plurality of measuring points;
the flowmeter and the flow regulating valve are used for monitoring and regulating the medium flow in the system;
the power fluid machine provides circulating power for media in the system;
the heater is used for heating fluid media in the system;
the fluid medium comprises gaseous or liquid working medium of nitrogen, air, hydrogen, oxygen and helium.
In the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested, a stator coil of a driving motor is replaced by an electric heating wire and an electric heating sheet, the electric heating wire is wound on a rotor inside the motor or the electric heating sheet is adhered on the rotor, and a small heating sheet is adhered on a rotor bearing; the rotor is provided with a heat sink with a variable axial position.
The measuring points of the centrifugal fluid machine to be measured comprise measuring points of inlet and outlet temperature, impeller temperature, rotor axial temperature, rotor bearing temperature and motor stator temperature.
The centrifugal fluid machine to be tested comprises a centrifugal liquid pump, a centrifugal fan and a centrifugal compressor.
The refrigerator comprises a regenerative low-temperature refrigerator and a refrigerator consisting of refrigeration cycle.
A method of rotor temperature measurement using the system, comprising:
1) testing the influence of the temperature of an inlet medium on the temperature of a rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested;
2) testing the influence of the heat productivity in the motor on the temperature of the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested;
3) testing the influence of the heat sink position on the temperature of the centrifugal fluid machine rotor to be tested;
therefore, the influence of the inlet temperature of the centrifugal fluid machine to be measured, the heating value of the motor, the heating value of the bearing and the heat sink position on the temperature distribution of the rotor is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the refrigerator can reduce the temperature of the medium in the system, so that the temperature distribution of the rotor is closer to the real use condition of the cryogenic fluid machinery such as a liquid hydrogen pump, a cryogenic helium compressor and the like. Because the power fluid machine provides circulating power for the medium in the system, the low-temperature fluid always flows through the impeller of the fluid machine to be measured, and the rotor of the fluid machine can be kept static, so that convenience is provided for temperature measurement of the rotor. The difference between the stationary rotor and the rotating rotor in actual use is that in actual conditions, the coil of the motor generates heat, and the bearing rotates with friction heat, so that the electric heating wire and the electric heating sheet are used in the invention to simulate the above heat generation, thereby ensuring that the temperature distribution of the stationary rotor and the rotating rotor is almost the same. The invention can adjust the electric heating power and change the position of the rotor heat sink, thereby obtaining the influence of the inlet temperature of the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested, the heating value of the motor, the heating value of the bearing and the position of the heat sink on the temperature distribution of the rotor, and being more beneficial to the heat insulation structure design of the low-temperature fluid machine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor temperature measurement simulation system of a cryogenic centrifugal fluid machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a centrifugal fluid machine under test;
in the figure, a refrigerator 1, a centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be tested, a flowmeter 3, a flow regulating valve 4, a power fluid machine 5, a heater 6, a first stop valve 7, a storage tank 8, a second stop valve 9, a stator electric heating wire 10, a rotor electric heating wire 11, an upper rotor bearing 12.1, a lower rotor bearing 12.2, a heat sink 13, a rotating shaft 14, a blade 15, a stator temperature measuring point 16.1, a bearing temperature measuring point 16.2, a rotor axial upper temperature measuring point 16.3, a rotor axial lower temperature measuring point 16.4, an impeller temperature measuring point 16.5, an inlet temperature measuring point 16.6, an outlet temperature measuring point 16.7, a centrifugal fluid machine inlet 17 to be tested and a centrifugal fluid machine outlet 18 to be tested.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a rotor temperature measurement simulation system of a low-temperature centrifugal fluid machine includes a refrigerator 1, a centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be measured, a flow meter 3, a flow control valve 4, a power fluid machine 5, and a heater 6, which are connected by a pipeline.
The vacuum-pumping pipeline of the system is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the heater 6 (or arranged at other positions to carry out vacuum-pumping operation), and the opening and closing of the vacuum-pumping pipeline are controlled by a first stop valve 7. The inlet pipeline of the fluid medium is connected with the inlet of the refrigerator 1, and the fluid medium in the storage tank 8 is injected into the system pipeline through the second stop valve 9.
A refrigerator 1 for cooling a fluid medium in a system;
in the centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be measured, a rotor is kept static and is provided with a plurality of measuring points;
the flowmeter 3 and the flow regulating valve 4 are used for regulating the medium flow in the system;
the power fluid machine 5 provides circulating power for the medium in the system;
a heater 6 for heating the fluid medium in the system;
the fluid medium comprises gaseous or liquid working medium of nitrogen, air, hydrogen, oxygen and helium. .
In the centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be tested, the stator coil of the driving motor is replaced by an electric heating wire and an electric heating sheet, and the electric heating wire is wound on or adhered to the rotor inside the motor and used for simulating the frontal heat generation of the stator and the rotor when the motor runs; the rotor bearing is adhered with a small heating sheet for simulating the heat productivity of the bearing during rotation; the rotor is provided with a heat sink 13 with a variable axial position.
The measuring points of the centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be measured comprise measuring points of inlet and outlet temperature, impeller temperature, rotor axial temperature, rotor bearing temperature and motor stator temperature.
The structural diagram of the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested is shown in fig. 2, and the stator electric heating wires 10 and the rotor electric heating wires 11 are used for simulating the heat generation amounts of the stator coils and the rotor coils, respectively. Electric heating sheets are arranged on the upper rotor bearing 12.1 and the lower rotor bearing 12.2 and used for simulating the heat productivity of the rotation of the bearings. The low-temperature medium flows in from an inlet 17 of the fluid machine and flows out from an outlet 18, and an inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 and an outlet temperature measuring point 16.7 are respectively arranged at the inlet and the outlet. The blades 15 are arranged at the shaft extending end of the motor rotating shaft 14, and the heat sink 13 is arranged on the rotating shaft 14. The temperature measuring points comprise a stator temperature measuring point 16.1, a bearing temperature measuring point 16.2, an impeller temperature measuring point 16.5, a rotor axial upper temperature measuring point 16.3 and a rotor axial lower temperature measuring point 16.4 (in the actual measurement, the number of sensors is determined according to the axial length).
The centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be tested comprises a centrifugal liquid pump, a centrifugal fan and a centrifugal compressor.
The refrigerator 1 comprises a regenerative low-temperature refrigerator and a refrigerator consisting of refrigeration cycle.
A rotor temperature measuring method using the system,
the method comprises the following steps:
1) testing the influence of the temperature of an inlet medium on the temperature of a rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be tested, wherein the embodiment 1 is one implementation mode;
2) testing the influence of the heat generated inside the motor on the temperature of the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be tested, wherein the embodiment 2 is one implementation mode;
3) testing the influence of the position of the heat sink on the temperature of the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be tested, wherein the embodiment 3 is one implementation manner;
therefore, the influence of the inlet temperature of the centrifugal fluid machine to be tested, the heating value of the motor, the heating value of the bearing and the heat sink position on the temperature distribution of the rotor is obtained, and the design of the heat insulation structure of the low-temperature fluid machine is facilitated.
When the device works, the impeller of the centrifugal fluid machine to be measured continuously flows through a fluid medium, and the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine to be measured is kept static, so that the conventional high-precision temperature sensor can be used for measuring the temperature of the rotor of the fluid machine.
The working process of the system of the invention is as follows: before the experiment begins, the system pipeline is vacuumized, the first stop valve 7 is opened, and the interface is connected with a vacuum pump to carry out the operation of vacuumizing the pipeline. The first shut-off valve 7 is closed and the second shut-off valve 9 is opened, filling the system line with fluid medium.
In the process of filling the fluid medium, the pressure of the system pipeline rises, and after the pressure rises to a certain value (for helium working medium, the pressure of the system can be filled to 0.3 MPa), the second stop valve 9 is closed. The power fluid machine 5 is opened and the circulation of the fluid medium in the system is started. The refrigerator 1 is switched on, since the refrigerator is constantly providing cold, after which the temperature of the fluid medium, pipes and equipment in the system will always decrease. In the cooling process, the medium flow can be controlled by changing the rotating speed of the power fluid machine 5 and the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 4, so that the cooling speed of the system is controlled. Finally, when the cold quantity provided by the refrigerator 1 is balanced with the heat leakage quantity of the system, all parameters in the system tend to be stable, and the temperature of the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine 2 to be measured can be measured.
In order to test the influence of different variables on the temperature of the rotor of the fluid machine 2, the following experiment was performed by the controlled variable method.
Example 1 testing the influence of the inlet medium temperature on the rotor temperature of a fluid machine 2
And (3) starting the power fluid machine 5 and the refrigerating machine 1, starting the system to cool, and when the cold quantity provided by the refrigerating machine 1 is balanced with the heat leakage quantity of the system, reducing the temperature of the inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 to the minimum value, and measuring the temperature of the rotor. The electric power of the stator electric heating wire 10, the rotor electric heating wire 11, the upper rotor bearing 12.1 and the lower rotor bearing 12.2 electric heating sheets is kept constant, the heater 6 is turned on, and the heating power is set. As the system heat load increases, the temperature at inlet temperature measurement point 16.6 will rise and tend to stabilize over time, and the rotor temperature is measured again. The heating power of the heater 6 was then changed, and the test of the same procedure was performed.
Example 2 testing of the influence of the heat generation inside the electric machine on the temperature of the rotor of the fluid machine 2
The electric heating power of the stator electric heating wire 10, the rotor electric heating wire 11, the upper rotor bearing 12.1 and the lower rotor bearing 12.2 electric heating sheets is adjusted to the maximum value, the power fluid machine 5 and the refrigerating machine 1 are started, the system starts to cool, when the cold quantity provided by the refrigerating machine 1 is balanced with the heat leakage quantity of the system, the temperature of the inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 is reduced to the minimum value, and the temperature of the rotor is measured. After that, the power of the heating wire and the heating sheet in the motor is reduced, the heat load of the system is reduced, so that the temperature of the inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 is further reduced, but in order to control a variable, namely to keep the temperature of the inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 constant, the electric heater 6 needs to be turned on, the heating power is set, and when the temperature of the inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 is increased to be the same as the previous working condition, the temperature of the rotor is measured. And then, continuously reducing the electric heating power of the stator electric heating wire 10, the rotor electric heating wire 11, the upper rotor bearing 12.1 and the lower rotor bearing 12.2, and carrying out the test in the same step.
Example 3 testing the effect of heat sink position on the temperature of the rotor of a fluid machine 2
And (3) starting the power fluid machine 5 and the refrigerating machine 1, starting the system to cool, and when the cold quantity provided by the refrigerating machine 1 is balanced with the heat leakage quantity of the system, reducing the temperature of the inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 to the minimum value, and measuring the temperature of the rotor. The electric power of the stator electric heating wire 10, the rotor electric heating wire 11, the upper rotor bearing 12.1 and the lower rotor bearing 12.2 electric heating sheets is kept constant, the axial position of the heat sink 13 is changed, at the moment, the axial temperature distribution of the rotor is changed, the heat load of the system is correspondingly changed, the temperature of the inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 is slightly different, the heating power of the heater 6 is adjusted, the temperature of the inlet temperature measuring point 16.6 is kept constant, and the temperature of the rotor is measured. And then, continuously changing the axial position of the heat sink, and carrying out the test of the same step.
After the experiment is completed, the influence of the inlet temperature, the heating value of the motor, the heating value of the bearing and the heat sink position on the temperature distribution of the rotor can be obtained. The data are compared with the design calculation and numerical simulation results, and the accuracy of the calculation model is verified, so that the optimization design of the heat insulation structure of the low-temperature centrifugal fluid machine is facilitated.
Claims (2)
1. A rotor temperature measurement simulation system of a low-temperature centrifugal fluid machine is characterized by comprising a refrigerator (1), a centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be tested, a flowmeter (3), a flow regulating valve (4), a power fluid machine (5) and a heater (6), which are connected through a pipeline;
the refrigerator (1) is used for cooling fluid media in a system;
in the centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be tested, the rotor is kept static and is provided with a plurality of measuring points;
the flowmeter (3) and the flow regulating valve (4) are used for monitoring and regulating the medium flow in the system;
the power fluid machine (5) provides circulating power for a medium in the system;
the heater (6) is used for heating fluid media in the system;
the fluid medium comprises nitrogen, air, hydrogen, oxygen, helium gas or liquid working medium thereof;
in the centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be tested, a stator coil of a driving motor is replaced by an electric heating wire and an electric heating sheet, the electric heating wire is wound on a rotor in the motor or the electric heating sheet is pasted on the rotor, and a small heating sheet is pasted on a rotor bearing; the rotor is provided with a heat sink (13) with a variable axial position;
the measuring points of the centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be measured comprise measuring points of inlet and outlet temperature, impeller temperature, rotor axial temperature, rotor bearing temperature and motor stator temperature;
the centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be tested comprises a centrifugal liquid pump, a centrifugal fan and a centrifugal compressor;
the rotor temperature measurement simulation system passes the test:
1) testing the influence of the temperature of the inlet medium on the temperature of the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be tested;
2) testing the influence of the heat productivity in the motor on the temperature of the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be tested;
3) testing the influence of the heat sink position on the temperature of the rotor of the centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be tested;
thereby obtaining the influence of the inlet temperature, the motor heating value, the bearing heating value and the heat sink position of the centrifugal fluid machine (2) to be measured on the rotor temperature distribution.
2. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that said refrigerator (1) comprises a regenerative cryocooler, a refrigerator consisting of a refrigeration cycle.
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| CN202453313U (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2012-09-26 | 中国建筑科学研究院 | Environment chamber for detecting thermal performance of wall body test block |
| CN102809581B (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-09-10 | 上海交通大学 | Device for testing performance of low-temperature vacuum multilayer heat-insulation material based on thermal protection |
| CN107525823B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2019-11-29 | 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 | Monitor the pilot system of the magnetic pole temperature of permanent-magnetic wind driven generator |
| CN107238450A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-10-10 | 安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司 | A kind of cryogenic fluid transfer pipeline leakage heat test device and method |
| CN207488284U (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-06-12 | 扬州科力环保设备有限公司 | Heat exchanger is simulated in intelligent electrical heating |
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