CN111377511A - Method for improving water point flow of existing building fire water system by adopting disinfection method - Google Patents
Method for improving water point flow of existing building fire water system by adopting disinfection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111377511A CN111377511A CN202010194161.4A CN202010194161A CN111377511A CN 111377511 A CN111377511 A CN 111377511A CN 202010194161 A CN202010194161 A CN 202010194161A CN 111377511 A CN111377511 A CN 111377511A
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- water
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- chloramine
- chlorine dioxide
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Abstract
A method for improving the water consumption flow of the existing building fire water system by adopting a disinfection method belongs to the technical field of fire protection systems. Adding chlorine dioxide and chloramine into a fire hydrant system in a fire pool according to the mass ratio of 1:2-1:5, wherein the adding concentration of the chlorine dioxide is (2-5) mg/L, and the adding concentration of the chloramine is (2-25) mg/L; in order to fully react the disinfectant with water in a fire water system trunk and timely drain microorganisms such as biomembranes and the like falling off from the pipe wall out of the water system, chlorine dioxide and chloramine are added into the fire hydrant system, then a test fire hydrant is opened to drain water for 3min, and a test water valve on the worst floor is opened to drain water for 10min for the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system. The invention has good effect of inactivating aquatic organisms in a water elimination and prevention system, has short inactivation time, and can realize high-efficiency inactivation of microorganisms such as biomembranes and the like in a short time, thereby improving the water conservancy condition of pipelines and increasing the flow of water consumption points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire protection systems, and discloses a method for improving water consumption flow of a fire protection water system of an existing building by adopting a disinfection method.
Background
Many big fires are out of control, causing serious consequences, most of which are caused by imperfect fire-fighting water supply facilities and water shortage in fire scenes. In the case of a fire disaster, 81.5% of the cases are caused by lack of fire water source. The failure of the fire-fighting water system to work according to the designed working condition is the main reason for the fire control delay and even the failure of fire control and extinguishment. The operated fire-fighting water system of the existing building is investigated, and the problems that the pipe is corroded, a fire hydrant is difficult to open, a self-spraying nozzle is blocked, the flow of the self-spraying nozzle is smaller than the designed working condition and the like are found.
The reason for this is partly because of the microorganisms that grow in fire water systems. Because the fire is a small-probability event, daily fire protection maintenance is only partial circulation of local pipeline water, so that water in the system is always in a standing state, original microorganisms in the water can absorb original nutrients in pipe walls and the water, so that the microorganisms grow, gradually undergo continuous development from aerobic to anaerobic and even anoxic, and generate a series of influences on a fire protection and protection system: on the one hand, microorganisms can be developed to form a biomembrane to block the pipeline, the water passing section of the pipeline is influenced, then the water flow of a water point is influenced, the fire extinguishing effect is adversely affected, in addition, the self-spraying nozzle can be blocked to cause the water to be discharged for fire extinguishing, and on the other hand, if biological corrosion occurs in the metal pipeline, the pipe connector can be caused to generate the corrosion to cause the pipeline to leak water, and the fire hydrant is difficult to open and other consequences. At present, no effective technical scheme is available for solving the problems.
CN103342411B, an oxidation method for regulating and controlling water quality of a raw water pipeline is provided, but it is difficult to refer to the method because the water quality of a fire-fighting water system is greatly different from the water quality of raw water, the raw water pipeline takes the control of aquatic organisms as a control target, and the fire-fighting water system pipeline takes the control of microorganisms as a control target. The water source of a building fire water system is generally derived from a building water supply system. Some control methods aiming at secondary pollution of a building water supply system adopt a treatment method of adding a disinfectant into a building water supply pipeline. Although the fire water system has the same water source as a building water supply system, the state of a pipe network and the water requirement are greatly different. The building water supply system has many users and many use times of accessories, so the circulation time of water in the building water supply system is short, while the building fire-fighting water system only enters a working state when extinguishing fire, and only the tail end water testing device is opened when overhauling at ordinary times, so the water in the fire-fighting water system pipe network is kept still for most of the time (the water in the fire-fighting water system pipe network and the water in the building water supply system have different microbial reactions and chemical reactions). Therefore, the method for controlling the secondary pollution of the water supply system of the building is not suitable for a fire water system of the building. In addition, the water used in the water supply system of the building meets the sanitary standard of drinking water, so the water supply system has strict requirements on toxicological indexes such as disinfection byproducts and the like, but the water supply system of the fire fighting has strict requirements on water quantity, water pressure and fire extinguishing effect. Therefore, it is important to find a method for effectively and rapidly controlling the growth of microorganisms in the pipeline of the fire water system so as to increase the flow of the water consumption point.
Therefore, what is needed is a method for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the short-time disinfection of the water quality of a fire-fighting water system, effectively inactivating microorganisms in a fire-fighting water system pipeline in a short time so as to quickly increase the flow of water consumption points, simultaneously does not influence the fire-fighting effect of the fire-fighting water system, and finally achieves the aim of effectively regulating and controlling the water quality of the fire-fighting water system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
adding chlorine dioxide and chloramine into a fire hydrant system in a fire pool according to the mass ratio of 1:2-1:5, wherein the adding concentration of the chlorine dioxide is (2-5) mg/L, and the adding concentration of the chloramine is (2-25) mg/L; in order to fully react the disinfectant with water in a fire water system trunk and timely drain microorganisms such as biomembranes and the like falling off from the pipe wall out of the water system, chlorine dioxide and chloramine are added into the fire hydrant system, then a test fire hydrant is opened to drain water for 3min, and a test water valve on the worst floor is opened to drain water for 10min for the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system.
Further, the determination principle of the chlorine dioxide and chlorine adding proportion is as follows: when the length of the longest main pipe of a water-proof system in a building is less than or equal to 30m, the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide and chloramine is 1: 2; when the length of a longest main pipe of a water-proof system in a building is less than or equal to 56m and is less than 30m, the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide to chloramine is 1: 3; when the length of a 56m < the longest main pipe of a water-proof system in a building is less than or equal to 106m, the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide and chloramine is 1: 4; when the length of the longest main pipe of the water elimination and prevention system in the building is more than 106m, the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide and chloramine is 1: 5;
further, the specific dosage of chlorine dioxide and chloramine is determined according to the following principle: when the water source is municipal water supply and water is directly supplied, the adding amount of chlorine dioxide is smaller (2-3) mg/L, and the adding amount of chloramine is (4-15) mg/L; when fire water supply and building water supply are used, and water sources are municipal water supply, the adding amount of chlorine dioxide is 3-4 mg/L, and the adding amount of chloramine is 6-20 mg/L; when the water sources of the fire water system are other water sources such as reclaimed water, natural water sources and the like, the adding amount of chlorine dioxide is larger (4-5) mg/L, and the adding amount of chloramine is (8-25) mg/L.
The invention has the advantages that:
compared with the existing disinfection method, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the aquatic organisms in the water-counteracting and preventing system are inactivated effectively, the inactivation time is short, and the microorganisms such as a biological membrane and the like can be efficiently inactivated in a short time;
2. compared with single chlorine dioxide or chloramine disinfection, the invention has the characteristics of low medicament dosage and lasting residual chlorine effect, and effectively controls the regrowth of microorganisms;
3. the influence on the inactivation effect of the fire fighting water system is small, and the influence on the fire fighting effect of the fire fighting water system by the disinfection effect is reduced;
4. according to the building scale and the fire-fighting water source, the adding amount and the adding proportion of the disinfectant can be flexibly changed, and the broad-spectrum adaptability is realized.
5. Compared with other disinfectants, the method can more rapidly increase the water outlet flow to a greater extent;
6. the invention has more obvious effect especially for the building fire-fighting water system which is used for a long time, such as years to decades.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
the longest main pipe of the fire-extinguishing water system in a certain building is 15m in length, and the fire-extinguishing water system is provided with a fire hydrant system and an automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system after being put into use for 25 years. Natural river water is used as a fire-fighting water source. Before adding the disinfectant, a heating device is utilized to trigger a spray head at a certain position of the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system, the flow is measured to be 0.75L/s, a fire hydrant at a certain position is opened, and the flow is measured to be 3.8L/s. Under the same conditions (the pipelines are the same, the environment in the pipelines is the same, and the operation parameters such as pressure and the like are the same), chlorine dioxide and chloramine are simultaneously added into a fire-fighting water system in a ratio of 1:2, the adding concentration of the chlorine dioxide is 4mg/L, the adding concentration of the chloramine is 8mg/L, the spray heads at the adjacent positions of the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system are triggered again after 10min of water discharge, the measured flow rate is 1.0L/s, the fire hydrant at the adjacent positions is opened after 3min of water discharge, and the measured flow rate is 5.1L/s.
Example 2:
the longest main pipe of the fire-extinguishing water system in a certain building is 27m, and the fire-extinguishing water system is provided with a fire hydrant system and an automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system after 17 years of use. Fire water supply and building water supply share, and the water source is municipal water supply. Before adding the disinfectant, a heating device is utilized to trigger a spray head at a certain position of the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system, the flow is measured to be 0.71L/s, a fire hydrant at a certain position is opened, and the flow is measured to be 4.1L/s. Under the same conditions (the pipelines are the same, the environment in the pipelines is the same, and the operation parameters such as pressure and the like are the same), chlorine dioxide and chloramine are simultaneously added into a fire-fighting water system in a ratio of 1:2, the adding concentration of the chlorine dioxide is 3mg/L, the adding concentration of the chloramine is 6mg/L, the spray heads at the adjacent positions of the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system are triggered again after 10min of water discharge, the measured flow rate is 0.93L/s, the fire hydrant at the adjacent positions is opened after 3min of water discharge, and the measured flow rate is 5.3L/s.
Example 3:
the longest main pipe of the fire extinguishing water system in a certain building is 48m in length, and the fire extinguishing water system is provided with a fire hydrant system and an automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system when the fire extinguishing water system is put into use for 11 years, and a fire fighting water source supplies water for municipal administration. Before adding the disinfectant, a heating device is utilized to trigger a spray head at a certain position of the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system, the flow is measured to be 0.87L/s, a fire hydrant at a certain position is opened, and the flow is measured to be 4.7/s. Under the same conditions (the pipelines are the same, the environment in the pipelines is the same, and the operation parameters such as pressure and the like are the same), chlorine dioxide and chloramine are simultaneously added into a fire-fighting water system in a ratio of 1:3, the adding concentration of the chlorine dioxide is 2mg/L, the adding concentration of the chloramine is 6mg/L, the spray heads at the adjacent positions of the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system are triggered again after 10min of water discharge, the measured flow rate is 0.98L/s, the fire hydrant at the adjacent positions is opened after 3min of water discharge, and the measured flow rate is 5.5L/s.
Example 4:
the longest main pipe of the fire extinguishing water system in a certain building is 77m in length, and the fire extinguishing water system is provided with a fire hydrant system and an automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system after being put into use for 5 years, and a fire fighting water source supplies water for municipal administration. Before adding the disinfectant, a heating device is utilized to trigger a spray head at a certain position of the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system, the flow is measured to be 0.79L/s, a fire hydrant at a certain position is opened, and the flow is measured to be 4.8L/s. Under the same conditions (the pipelines are the same, the environment in the pipelines is the same, and the operation parameters such as pressure and the like are the same), chlorine dioxide and chloramine are simultaneously added into a fire-fighting water system in a ratio of 1:4, the adding concentration of the chlorine dioxide is 2mg/L, the adding concentration of the chloramine is 8mg/L, the spray heads at the adjacent positions of the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system are triggered again after 10min of water discharge, the measured flow is 1.05L/s, the fire hydrant at the adjacent positions is opened after 3min of water discharge, and the measured flow is 6.1L/s.
Example 5:
the longest main pipe of the fire extinguishing water system in a certain building is 156m, the fire extinguishing water system is used for 8 years, a fire hydrant system and an automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system are arranged, and a fire fighting water source supplies water for municipal administration. Before adding the disinfectant, a heating device is utilized to trigger a spray head at a certain position of the automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system, the flow is measured to be 0.82L/s, a fire hydrant at a certain position is opened, and the flow is measured to be 3.9L/s. Under the same conditions (the pipelines are the same, the environment in the pipelines is the same, and the operation parameters such as pressure and the like are the same), chlorine dioxide and chloramine are simultaneously added into a fire-fighting water system according to the adding proportion of 1:5, the adding concentration of the chlorine dioxide is 2mg/L, the adding concentration of the chloramine is 10mg/L, the spray heads at the adjacent positions of the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system are triggered again after 10min of water discharge, the measured flow rate is 0.93L/s, the fire hydrant at the adjacent positions is opened after 3min of water discharge, and the measured flow rate is 5.2L/s.
Example 6:
tap water is used for preparing the disinfectant, the adding concentration of chlorine dioxide is 5mg/L, the adding concentration of chloramine is 25mg/L, the adding concentration is marked as fire extinguishing agent 1, tap water without the disinfectant is used as a contrast, the adding concentration is marked as fire extinguishing agent 2, and the fire extinguishing effect of a fire hydrant gun with two kinds of fire extinguishing agents on a wood crib and a cable is tested.
The wood crib is made of spruce, fir or pine with the same density, and the water content is 3-5%. The wood pile is composed of four layers, each layer is composed of six square wood. The cross section of the square wood is 40mmx40mm, and the length is 450 +/-50 mm. The wood cribs are arranged in a right-angle staggered mode, square wood in each layer is arranged at equal intervals to form squares, and the square wood and the layers are nailed together to form the wood crib; the cable adopts a 0.6/1kV dry-type cross-linked cable, the material of the cable is ZR-VRV (flame-retardant polyvinyl chloride), and the specification of the cable is a four-core cable (4x25 mm). The diameter of the test cable is 20-30 mm, and the number of the cables is 10.
Test results show that when the fire extinguishing agent 1 is adopted, after the fire hydrant gun sprays for 33 seconds, the wood crib fire and the cable open fire are extinguished, and after observation for 10 minutes, the wood crib fire and the cable are not re-ignited. When the fire extinguishing agent 2 is adopted, after the fire hydrant gun sprays for 35 seconds, the wood crib fire and the cable open fire are extinguished, and after observation for 10 minutes, the wood crib fire and the cable are not re-ignited. Therefore, after the disinfectant is added, the fire extinguishing effect is not adversely affected.
Claims (3)
1. A method for improving the flow rate of a water point for an existing building fire water system by adopting a disinfection method is characterized in that chlorine dioxide and chloramine are simultaneously added into a fire hydrant system in a fire pool according to the mass ratio of 1:2-1:5, the adding concentration of the chlorine dioxide is (2-5) mg/L, and the adding concentration of the chloramine is (2-25) mg/L; in order to fully react the disinfectant with water in a fire water system trunk and timely drain microorganisms such as biomembranes and the like falling off from the pipe wall out of the water system, chlorine dioxide and chloramine are added into the fire hydrant system, then a test fire hydrant is opened to drain water for 3min, and a test water valve on the worst floor is opened to drain water for 10min for the automatic water-spraying fire-extinguishing system.
2. The method for improving the water consumption point flow of the existing building fire water system by adopting the disinfection method according to claim 1, wherein the determination principle of the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide and chlorine is as follows: when the length of the longest main pipe of a water-proof system in a building is less than or equal to 30m, the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide and chloramine is 1: 2; when the length of a longest main pipe of a water-proof system in a building is less than or equal to 56m and is less than 30m, the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide to chloramine is 1: 3; when the length of a 56m < the longest main pipe of a water-proof system in a building is less than or equal to 106m, the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide and chloramine is 1: 4; when the length of the longest dry pipe of the water elimination and prevention system in the building is more than 106m, the adding proportion of chlorine dioxide and chloramine is 1: 5.
3. The method for improving the water point flow of the existing fire water system of the building by adopting the disinfection method according to claim 1, wherein the specific adding amount of the chlorine dioxide and the chloramine is determined according to the following principle: when the water source is municipal water supply and water is directly supplied, the adding amount of chlorine dioxide is smaller (2-3) mg/L, and the adding amount of chloramine is (4-15) mg/L; when fire water supply and building water supply are used, and water sources are municipal water supply, the adding amount of chlorine dioxide is 3-4 mg/L, and the adding amount of chloramine is 6-20 mg/L; when the water sources of the fire water system are other water sources such as reclaimed water, natural water sources and the like, the adding amount of chlorine dioxide is larger (4-5) mg/L, and the adding amount of chloramine is (8-25) mg/L.
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| CN202010194161.4A CN111377511B (en) | 2020-03-18 | 2020-03-18 | Method for improving water point flow of existing building fire water system by adopting disinfection method |
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| CN202010194161.4A CN111377511B (en) | 2020-03-18 | 2020-03-18 | Method for improving water point flow of existing building fire water system by adopting disinfection method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101296621A (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2008-10-29 | 赫尔克里士公司 | A synergistic biocide and process for controlling growth of microorganisms |
| JP2012206102A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-25 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method of estimating corrosion of water system |
| US20160152495A1 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-06-02 | Gordon & Rosenblatt, Llc | Methods for eradicating biofilms from plumbing systems |
| CN205990315U (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2017-03-01 | 四川众发建设工程有限公司 | A kind of Treated sewage reusing sewage disposal device |
-
2020
- 2020-03-18 CN CN202010194161.4A patent/CN111377511B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101296621A (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2008-10-29 | 赫尔克里士公司 | A synergistic biocide and process for controlling growth of microorganisms |
| JP2012206102A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-25 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method of estimating corrosion of water system |
| US20160152495A1 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-06-02 | Gordon & Rosenblatt, Llc | Methods for eradicating biofilms from plumbing systems |
| CN205990315U (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2017-03-01 | 四川众发建设工程有限公司 | A kind of Treated sewage reusing sewage disposal device |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 张宝军等: "《水处理工程技术》", 31 January 2015, 重庆大学出版社 * |
| 张敏等: "投量比对氯胺/ClO_2联合消毒灭活氨氧化菌的影响", 《中国给水排水》 * |
| 陈月芳等: "《环境工程专业实习实践指导书》", 31 July 2017, 冶金工业出版社 * |
| 黄晓家等: "《自动喷水灭火系统设计手册》", 31 July 2002, 中国建筑工业出版社 * |
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