CN111372220A - Block chain consensus method applied to Internet of vehicles - Google Patents
Block chain consensus method applied to Internet of vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- CN111372220A CN111372220A CN202010130253.6A CN202010130253A CN111372220A CN 111372220 A CN111372220 A CN 111372220A CN 202010130253 A CN202010130253 A CN 202010130253A CN 111372220 A CN111372220 A CN 111372220A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/009—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity specially adapted for networks, e.g. wireless sensor networks, ad-hoc networks, RFID networks or cloud networks
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain consensus method applied to a car networking, aiming at the defects of the existing block chain POS consensus mechanism, the selection method of a bookkeeping node is adopted, all car-mounted nodes are registered on a credible mechanism unit, the same initial credit value of each car-mounted node is given, the activity of the car-mounted nodes is determined according to the times of the car-mounted nodes selected by the bookkeeping node, the right value of the car-mounted nodes selected by the bookkeeping node is confirmed according to the registration activity, the confirmation of the bookkeeping node is completed, after the selection and the determination of the bookkeeping node, the credit values deducted from all the car-mounted nodes selected by the bookkeeping node in the current round are returned to the car-mounted nodes according to the proportion, and the vehicle-mounted nodes selected by the elected nodes are rewarded, so that the selection enthusiasmity of the car-mounted nodes can be effectively improved, the block chain consensus method can be well adapted and applied, meanwhile, the nodes are encouraged to act more actively through the updating of the reputation values of the nodes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of car networking safety and block chains, in particular to a block chain consensus method applied to a car networking.
Background
The blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-falsification, non-deletion, openness and transparency and the like, and as a shared distributed account book, in the decentralized internet of vehicles, the blockchain can promote the cooperation between transaction processing and interaction equipment, and the general, privacy-guaranteeing, safe and reliable internet of vehicles which can be continuously expanded can be established. The block chain technology is applied to the Internet of vehicles, communication between vehicles is more reliable, a consensus mechanism is the basis and the core of the block chain technology, and one of the main concerns of the block chain is how to achieve consensus in a distributed network and select a credible accounting node when the block chain is applied to the distributed network. Among the many consensus mechanisms of block chains, the two most prevalent classical consensus mechanisms are POW (proof of work) and POS (proof of stamp).
POW is a workload proving mechanism, and the basic idea is that the block weight is determined computationally, a miner node needs to solve a specific mathematical problem, and the right of accounting is strived for according to the size of the workload; however, the general node calculation mathematical problem takes a lot of time, so POW has serious problems of resource waste, low efficiency and uneven calculation power distribution. The POS is used as an upgraded POW and is a rights and interests certification mechanism, and the basic idea is that the rights and interests determine block rights, namely, the more tokens held by the nodes, the more possibility that the accounting rights are obtained; the main problem of the POS mechanism in the car networking application is that the high frequency of change of the number of tokens held by the node makes the mechanism not well adapted to the network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles comprises the following steps:
step 1), registering all vehicle-mounted nodes on a trusted authority unit and giving the same initial credit value of each vehicle-mounted node;
step 2), when a new transaction is generated, the trusted institution unit initiates a new round of accounting node selection;
step 3), registering the vehicle nodes needing to participate in the selection of the accounting nodes, and deducting partial credit values of the vehicle nodes participating in the selection of the accounting nodes by the trusted authority unit;
step 4), after the registration of the selected accounting node is finished, the trusted authority unit counts the current credit value of the vehicle node selected by the registration participating accounting node, and the election queue of the accounting node is removed from the vehicle node with the current credit value lower than the set threshold value;
step 5), obtaining the interest value of the vehicle node to be selected according to the current credit value of the vehicle node;
stake denotes the value of the right of the node, RisRepresenting the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected; a represents the rate of gain increase, and a is a fixed value;
and 6) selecting the vehicle node with the largest rights and interests value from all the participated vehicle nodes as the accounting node of the current round, namely completing the confirmation of the accounting node, after the accounting node is selected and determined, returning the credit values deducted from all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node of the current round to the accounting node in proportion, and simultaneously rewarding the vehicle node selected by the accounting node.
Further, the trusted authority unit communicates with the vehicle node through the road side unit, and the trusted authority unit is used for key management, distribution, authentication and revocation; and the OBU equipment on the vehicle-mounted node performs information registration with unique identity on the trusted authority unit through the road side unit.
Further, the credit value of the vehicle node selected by the specific deduction accounting node is Rik：
RiReputation value, k, for vehicle node i when registering participating in selection of accounting nodeiThe total number of times, k, selected for the vehicle node i containing the registration participation accounting nodei1,2,3,. n; the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected is as follows: ris＝Ri-Rik。
Further, the initial reputation values of all the vehicle nodes are the same, and the initial reputation value of the vehicle node is 0.5.
Further, the threshold value is set to 0.3 in step 4).
Further, if the credit value of the vehicle node is kept unchanged after the m rounds of accounting nodes are selected, clearing the total number k of participation of the vehicle node with the unchanged credit value until the credit value of the vehicle node is changed, and accumulating the total number of participation of the vehicle node again.
Further, after the selection is finished, 80% of the credit values deducted by all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting nodes in the current round are returned to the vehicle nodes, and the credit value R of the vehicle node i behind the accounting node is confirmediqComprises the following steps: riq＝Ris+0.8Rik。
Further, the vehicle node of the elected accounting node is given a reward RjThe billing node is selected, as a benefit to the vehicle electing the billing node,
the current latest credit value of the accounting node is R ═ Riq+Rj。
Further, the total number k of the vehicle nodes elected to the billing node is cleared, and counting is restarted from the k value of the vehicle node after the current round.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to a block chain consensus method applied to Internet of vehicles, which adopts a selection method of accounting nodes to register all vehicle-mounted nodes on a trusted authority unit and give the same initial credit value of each vehicle-mounted node aiming at the defects of the POS consensus mechanism of the existing block chain, determining the activity of the vehicle nodes according to the times of the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting nodes, confirming the interest value of the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting nodes according to the registration activity of the vehicle nodes, completing the confirmation of the accounting nodes, meanwhile, after the selection and the determination of the accounting nodes, the credit values deducted by all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting nodes in the current round are returned to the accounting nodes in proportion, meanwhile, the vehicle nodes elected as the accounting nodes are rewarded, so that the method can be well adapted and applied to the vehicle networking environment, the centralized problem of the original POS mechanism is solved, and meanwhile, more positive behaviors of the nodes are encouraged by updating the credit values of the nodes. Meanwhile, a reward mechanism is adopted as the incentive of the vehicle node with high activity, so that the selection enthusiasm of the vehicle node as the accounting node can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, the total number k of the participation times of the vehicle nodes elected as the accounting node is cleared, and counting is restarted from the k value of the vehicle node after the current round, so that the centralization problem of vehicle node selection can be prevented, the vehicles can be rejoined in the selection of the accounting node while keeping high credit values, and therefore, the vehicles with high activity of the plurality of participation in the selection of the accounting nodes have the opportunity of being selected.
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FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the method system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block chain system architecture diagram of the internet of vehicles.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles comprises the following steps:
step (ii) of1) The system comprises a Road Side Unit (RSU) and a trusted authority unit (TA) (TrustedAuthority) which are used for establishing information interconnection, wherein the TA is used for key management, distribution, authentication and revocation; carrying out data transmission on the OBU equipment on the vehicle-mounted node and the road side unit; the OBU equipment on the vehicle-mounted node performs information registration with unique identity on the trusted authority unit through the road side unit, namely, registration is performed by adopting real vehicle information so as to ensure traceability of vehicle nodes with malicious behaviors; as shown in FIG. 1, an arbitrary vehicle node VjWill source node ViTransmitted message and ViIs packaged into a data packet requesting authentication and sent to the RSU, and the RSU receives the data packet and then sends the data packet to the VjPerforming mutual authentication, and if the mutual authentication is passed, the RSU receives the VjThe sent data packet is forwarded to the TA, and the TA checks the data packet through a consensus mechanism to judge the validity of the content in the data packet.
Step 2), registering all vehicle-mounted nodes on a trusted authority unit and giving the same initial credit value of each vehicle-mounted node;
step 3), when a new transaction is generated, the trusted institution unit initiates a new round of accounting node selection;
step 4), registering the vehicle nodes needing to participate in the selection of the accounting nodes, and deducting partial credit values of the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting nodes;
the credit value of the vehicle node selected by deducting the nodes participating in the accounting is Rik：
RiReputation value, k, for vehicle node i when registering participating in selection of accounting nodeiThe total number of times, k, selected for the vehicle node i containing the registration participation accounting nodei＝1,2,3，...n；
The initial reputation values of all the vehicle nodes are the same, and the initial reputation values of the vehicle nodes are 0.5;
the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected is as follows:
Ris＝Ri-Rik
step 5), after the registration of the selected accounting node is finished, the TA counts the current credit value of the vehicle node selected by the registration participation accounting node, and eliminates the election queue of the accounting node from the vehicle node with the current credit value lower than a set threshold value; the threshold t is set to be 0.3, in order to ensure that the node which just enters the network can also have the opportunity of obtaining the accounting right, the node with the extremely low credit value is removed, and other participating nodes are fairly elected;
step 6), obtaining the rights and interests of the vehicle nodes to be selected;
stake denotes the value of the right of the node, RisRepresenting the current credit value of a vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected, wherein a represents the income growth rate and is a fixed value;
in the application, the selection duration interval of the accounting node can be set, and the specific interval setting time is 10 min; along with different network behaviors of the vehicle nodes, the credit values of the vehicle nodes are constantly and dynamically changed, TA needs to count and record the credit value of each stage of each selected node from the 1 st round to the last round, and the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the selected nodes are registered and participated in the accounting is RisThe reputation value of the vehicle node after each round of participation;
if the credit value of the vehicle node is kept unchanged after the m-round accounting nodes are selected, and the m value is 5, clearing the total participation times k of the vehicle node with the unchanged credit value until the credit value of the vehicle node is changed, and accumulating the total participation times of the vehicle node again; the vehicle nodes do not participate in the transaction in the network for a long time, so that the reputation value is not changed, the activity of the nodes is stimulated, and the nodes are encouraged to participate in the network behavior more actively.
Step 7), selecting the vehicle node with the maximum rights and interests value from all the vehicle nodes to be selected as the accounting node of the current round, and then finishing the confirmation of the accounting node; after the election of the accounting node(s),returning 80% of the credit values deducted from all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting nodes in the current round to the accounting nodes, namely returning 80% of the credit values deducted from the current round of the vehicle nodes i to the vehicle nodes i, and confirming the credit values R of the vehicle nodes i after the accounting nodesiqComprises the following steps: riq＝Ris+0.8Rik。
After confirming the accounting nodes, giving reward R to vehicle nodes elected to account the nodesjThe billing node is selected, as a benefit to the vehicle electing the billing node,
TA updates accounting node current latest reputation value R ═ Riq+RjAnd clearing the total number k of the vehicle nodes which obtain the accounting nodes at this time, and counting from the k value of the vehicle node after the current round.
Claims (10)
1. A block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), registering all vehicle-mounted nodes on a trusted authority unit and giving the same initial credit value of each vehicle-mounted node;
step 2), when a new transaction is generated, the trusted institution unit initiates a new round of accounting node selection;
step 3), registering the vehicle nodes needing to participate in the selection of the accounting nodes, and deducting partial credit values of the vehicle nodes participating in the selection of the accounting nodes by the trusted authority unit;
step 4), after the registration of the selected accounting node is finished, the trusted authority unit counts the current credit value of the vehicle node selected by the registration participating accounting node, and the election queue of the accounting node is removed from the vehicle node with the current credit value lower than the set threshold value;
step 5), obtaining the interest value of the vehicle node to be selected according to the current credit value of the vehicle node;
stake denotes the value of the right of the node, RisRepresenting the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected; a represents the rate of gain increase, and a is a fixed value;
and 6) selecting the vehicle node with the largest rights and interests value from all the participated vehicle nodes as the accounting node of the current round, namely completing the confirmation of the accounting node, after the accounting node is selected and determined, returning the credit values deducted from all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node of the current round to the accounting node in proportion, and simultaneously rewarding the vehicle node selected by the accounting node.
2. The block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles according to claim 1, wherein a trusted authority unit communicates with the vehicle node through a road side unit, and the trusted authority unit is used for key management, distribution, authentication and revocation.
3. The block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the OBU device on the vehicle node performs information registration with unique identity on the trusted authority unit through the road side unit.
4. The block chain consensus method applied to Internet of vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the reputation value of the vehicle node selected by the specific deduction accounting node is Rik：
RiReputation value, k, for vehicle node i when registering participating in selection of accounting nodeiThe total number of times, k, selected for the vehicle node i containing the registration participation accounting nodei1,2,3,. n; the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected is as follows: ris＝Ri-Rik。
5. The block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles according to claim 1, wherein initial reputation values of all vehicle nodes are the same, and the initial reputation value of a vehicle node is 0.5.
6. The block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles according to claim 5, wherein the threshold is set to 0.3 in step 4).
7. The block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles according to claim 1, wherein if the reputation value of the vehicle node remains unchanged after the m rounds of selection of the billing nodes, the total number k of participation of the vehicle node, the reputation value of which remains unchanged, is cleared, and the total number of participation of the vehicle node is accumulated again until the reputation value of the vehicle node changes.
8. The block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the selection is finished, 80% of the credit values deducted from all vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node in the current round are returned to the block chain consensus method, and the credit value R of the vehicle node i after the accounting node is confirmediqComprises the following steps: riq＝Ris+0.8Rik。
9. The blockchain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles as claimed in claim 8, wherein a reward R is given to vehicle nodes elected to account nodejThe billing node is selected, as a benefit to the vehicle electing the billing node,
the current latest credit value of the accounting node is R ═ Riq+Rj。
10. The block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total number of participation times k of the vehicle node elected to the billing node this time is cleared, and counting is resumed from the k value of the vehicle node after this round.
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| CN113313378A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | Credibility model-based block chain consensus mechanism |
| CN113313378B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2023-01-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Credibility model-based block chain consensus method |
| CN114741721A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-12 | 国网四川省电力公司天府新区供电公司 | Consensus device and consensus method based on contribution value certification for file block chain |
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