CN111372220B - Block chain consensus method applied to Internet of vehicles - Google Patents
Block chain consensus method applied to Internet of vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/009—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity specially adapted for networks, e.g. wireless sensor networks, ad-hoc networks, RFID networks or cloud networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
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- H04W12/66—Trust-dependent, e.g. using trust scores or trust relationships
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blockchain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles, aiming at the defects of the existing blockchain POS consensus mechanism, a selection method of an accounting node is adopted, all vehicle-mounted nodes are registered on a trusted mechanism unit, the same initial credit value of each vehicle-mounted node is given, the activity of the vehicle-mounted nodes is determined according to the times of vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node, the right value of the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node is confirmed according to the registration activity of the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node, the confirmation of the accounting node is completed, and after the accounting node is selected and determined, the credit values deducted by all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node in the current round are returned to the vehicle-mounted nodes in proportion, and rewards are given to the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node, so that the selection enthusiasm of the vehicle nodes as the accounting nodes can be effectively improved, the vehicle-mounted nodes can be well adapted and applied to the Internet of vehicles, the centralization problem of the original POS mechanism is solved, and more positive behaviors of the nodes are encouraged through updating the node values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety of the Internet of vehicles and blockchains, in particular to a blockchain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles.
Background
The blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-falsification, non-deletion, disclosure transparency and the like, and is used as a shared distributed account book, in the decentralized internet of vehicles, the blockchain can promote cooperation between transaction processing and interaction equipment, and the internet of vehicles which can be expanded continuously, and privacy, safety and reliability can be ensured can be established. When the blockchain technology is applied to the Internet of vehicles, communication among vehicles is more reliable, a consensus mechanism is the basis and the core of the blockchain technology, the blockchain is used as an application of a distributed network, and how to agree in the distributed network and select a reliable accounting node is one of the main concerns of the blockchain. Among the numerous consensus mechanisms of the blockchain, the two most prominent classical consensus mechanisms are POW (Proof of Work) and POS (Proof of Stake).
POW is a workload proof mechanism, the basic idea is that the computing power decides the block weight, the miners node needs to solve a specific mathematical problem, and the accounting right is strived for by virtue of the workload; however, since the mathematical problem is generally calculated by the node, a lot of time is required, and thus the POW has serious problems of resource waste, inefficiency and uneven calculation force distribution. POS is taken as POW of an upgrade version, is a rights proving mechanism, and the basic idea is that rights determine block rights, that is to say, the more tokens held by the nodes, the greater the possibility of obtaining accounting rights; since deciding the accounting right only by the benefit value can make the node having the high benefit value obtain more accounting opportunities, thereby causing the problems of centralization and uneven opportunity distribution, the main problem of the POS mechanism in the application of the Internet of vehicles is that the higher frequency of variation of the number of tokens held by the node can make the use of the mechanism not be well adapted in the network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles, which aims to overcome the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles comprises the following steps:
step 1), registering all vehicle-mounted nodes on a trusted mechanism unit and giving the same initial reputation value of each vehicle-mounted node;
step 2), when a new transaction is generated, the trusted authority unit initiates a round of new accounting node selection;
step 3), the vehicle nodes needing to participate in the accounting node selection register to participate in the accounting node selection, and meanwhile, the credible mechanism unit deducts part of credit values of the vehicle nodes participating in the accounting node selection;
step 4), after the accounting node is selected and the registration is finished, the trusted authority unit counts the current credit value of the vehicle node selected by the accounting node, and the vehicle node with the current credit value lower than the set threshold value is removed from the election queue of the accounting node;
step 5), obtaining the rights and interests value of the selected vehicle node according to the current credit value of the vehicle node;
the status represents the node's interest value, R is Representing a current reputation value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected; a represents the gain growth rate, and a is a fixed value;
and 6) selecting the vehicle node with the largest benefit value in all the selected vehicle nodes to be the accounting node of the current round, namely finishing the confirmation of the accounting node, and returning the credit value deducted from all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node of the current round to the accounting node according to the proportion after the accounting node is selected and determined, and giving rewards to the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node.
Further, the trusted authority unit communicates with the vehicle node through the road side unit, and the trusted authority unit is used for key management, distribution, authentication and revocation; and the OBU equipment on the vehicle-mounted node registers the unique information of the identity on the trusted mechanism unit through the road side unit.
Further, the credit value of the vehicle node selected by the participated accounting node is specifically deducted to be R ik ：
R i Reputation value, k, for vehicle node i registering participation in billing node selection i The total number k of times of selecting the accounting node for the registration of the vehicle node i i =1, 2,3,..n; the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected is as follows: r is R is ＝R i -R ik 。
Further, the initial reputation values of all the vehicle nodes are the same, and the initial reputation value of the vehicle node is 0.5.
Further, the threshold value is set to 0.3 in step 4).
Further, if the reputation value of the vehicle node is kept unchanged all the time after the m rounds of billing nodes are selected, the total number k of the vehicle node with the reputation value kept unchanged all the time is cleared, and the total number k of the vehicle node is accumulated again until the reputation value of the vehicle node is changed.
Further, after the selection is finished, 80% of the reputation values subtracted by all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting nodes participating in the round are returned to the vehicle node, and the reputation value R of the vehicle node i after the accounting nodes are confirmed iq The method comprises the following steps: r is R iq ＝R is +0.8R ik 。
Further, a vehicle node rewards R for selecting a billing node j As a benefit of the vehicle when the billing node is selected,the current latest reputation value of the billing node is r=r iq +R j 。
Further, the total number k of the vehicle nodes when the accounting node is selected at this time is cleared, and the counting is restarted from the k value of the vehicle node after the current round.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
aiming at the defects of the existing blockchain POS consensus mechanism, the invention adopts a method for selecting the billing nodes, registers all vehicle-mounted nodes on a trusted mechanism unit, gives the same initial reputation value of each vehicle-mounted node, determines the activity according to the times of vehicle nodes selected by the participation billing nodes, confirms the benefit value according to the registration activity of the vehicle nodes selected by the participation billing nodes, completes the confirmation of the billing nodes, returns the reputation value deducted by all the vehicle nodes selected by the participation billing nodes of the round to the billing nodes according to a proportion after the selection and the confirmation of the billing nodes, gives rewards to the vehicle nodes selected by the billing nodes, can be well adapted to and applied to the environment of the vehicle networking, solves the centralization problem of the original POS mechanism, and encourages more positive actions of the nodes through updating the reputation value of the nodes. Meanwhile, the rewarding mechanism is adopted as the excitation of the vehicle node with high activity, so that the selection enthusiasm of the vehicle node as the billing node can be effectively improved.
Further, the total number k of the vehicle nodes when the billing node is selected at this time is cleared, the k value of the vehicle node is restarted from the k value after the current round, the centering problem of the vehicle node selection can be prevented, the vehicle can be added to the billing node selection again while maintaining a high reputation value, and therefore a plurality of vehicles participating in the billing node selection with high activity have the opportunity of being selected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method and system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block chain system architecture diagram of the internet of vehicles.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
a block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles comprises the following steps:
step 1), a Road Side Unit (RSU) and a trusted authority unit TA (Trusted Authority) establishing information interconnection, the TA being used for key management, distribution, authentication and revocation; the OBU equipment on the vehicle-mounted node and the road side unit perform data transmission; the OBU equipment on the vehicle-mounted node registers the unique information of the identity on the trusted mechanism unit through the road side unit, namely, the vehicle real information is adopted for registration, so that the traceability of the malicious behavior vehicle node is ensuredSex; as shown in fig. 1, any vehicle node V j Source node V i Transmitted message and V i Is packaged into a request authentication data packet and is sent to the RSU, and the RSU receives the data packet and then communicates with the V j Performing mutual authentication, if the mutual authentication passes, the RSU will receive V j The sent data packet is forwarded to the TA, and the TA examines the data packet through a consensus mechanism to judge the validity of the content in the data packet.
Step 2), registering all the vehicle-mounted nodes on the trusted mechanism unit and giving the same initial reputation value to each vehicle-mounted node;
step 3), when a new transaction is generated, the trusted authority unit initiates a round of new accounting node selection;
step 4), the vehicle nodes needing to participate in the accounting node selection register to participate in the accounting node selection, and meanwhile, part of credit values of the vehicle nodes participating in the accounting node selection are deducted;
the credit value of the vehicle node selected by the participated accounting node is specifically deducted to be R ik ：
R i Reputation value, k, for vehicle node i registering participation in billing node selection i The total number k of times of selecting the accounting node for the registration of the vehicle node i i ＝1,2,3，...n；
The initial reputation values of all the vehicle nodes are the same, and the initial reputation value of the vehicle node is 0.5;
the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected is as follows:
R is ＝R i -R ik
step 5), after the accounting node finishes selecting the registration, the TA statistics registration participates in the current credit value of the vehicle node selected by the accounting node, and the vehicle node with the current credit value lower than the set threshold value is removed from an election queue of the accounting node; the threshold t is set to be 0.3, so that nodes with extremely low credit values are removed in order to ensure that nodes which have just accessed the network can also have the opportunity of obtaining account counting rights, and fair election is achieved for other selected nodes;
step 6), obtaining the benefit value of the selected vehicle node;
the status represents the node's interest value, R is Representing the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected, wherein a represents the gain growth rate, and a is a fixed value;
in the application, a billing node selection duration interval can be set, and the specific interval setting time is 10min; with different network behaviors participated by vehicle nodes, the reputation value of the network is always dynamically changed, TA needs to count and record the reputation value of each selected node in each stage from 1 st round to last round, and the current reputation value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node selects is R is Namely the reputation value of the vehicle node after each round of participation;
if the reputation value of the vehicle node is kept unchanged all the time after the m rounds of accounting nodes are selected, the application value m is 5, the total number k of the vehicle node with the reputation value kept unchanged all the time is cleared, and the total number k of the vehicle node is accumulated again until the reputation value of the vehicle node is changed; the vehicle nodes do not participate in transactions within the network for a long time and therefore have no change in reputation values, which is done to stimulate the node's activity, encouraging the node to more actively participate in network behavior.
Step 7), selecting the vehicle node with the largest benefit value among all the selected vehicle nodes as the billing node of the current round, and completing the confirmation of the billing node; after the billing node election, returning 80% of the reputation values subtracted by all the vehicle nodes selected by the billing node in the round to the billing node, namely returning 80% of the reputation values subtracted by the vehicle node in the round to the vehicle node, and confirming the reputation value R of the vehicle node after the billing node iq The method comprises the following steps: r is R iq ＝R is +0.8R ik 。
After confirming the accounting nodeAwarding a vehicle node prize R to a winning billing node j As a benefit of the vehicle when the billing node is selected,
TA updating billing node current latest reputation value r=r iq +R j The total number k of the vehicle nodes which acquire the accounting node is cleared, and the counting is restarted from the k value of the vehicle nodes after the current round.
Claims (10)
1. The block chain consensus method applied to the Internet of vehicles is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1), registering all vehicle-mounted nodes on a trusted mechanism unit and giving the same initial reputation value of each vehicle-mounted node;
step 2), when a new transaction is generated, the trusted authority unit initiates a round of new accounting node selection;
step 3), the vehicle nodes needing to participate in the accounting node selection register to participate in the accounting node selection, and meanwhile, the credible mechanism unit deducts part of credit values of the vehicle nodes participating in the accounting node selection;
step 4), after the accounting node is selected and the registration is finished, the trusted authority unit counts the current credit value of the vehicle node selected by the accounting node, and the vehicle node with the current credit value lower than the set threshold value is removed from the election queue of the accounting node;
step 5), obtaining the rights and interests value of the selected vehicle node according to the current credit value of the vehicle node;
the status represents the node's interest value, R is Representing a current reputation value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected; a represents the gain growth rate, and a is a fixed value; k (k) i The total number k of times of selecting the accounting node for the registration of the vehicle node i i ＝1,2,3，...n；
And 6) selecting the vehicle node with the largest benefit value in all the selected vehicle nodes to be the accounting node of the current round, namely finishing the confirmation of the accounting node, and returning the credit value deducted from all the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node of the current round to the accounting node according to the proportion after the accounting node is selected and determined, and giving rewards to the vehicle nodes selected by the accounting node.
2. A blockchain consensus method applied to the internet of vehicles as in claim 1 wherein the trusted authority communicates with the vehicle nodes through a roadside unit, the trusted authority unit for key management, distribution, authentication and revocation.
3. The blockchain consensus method applied to the internet of vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the OBU device on the vehicle-mounted node performs the unique identity information registration on the trusted authority unit through the road side unit.
4. The blockchain consensus method for use in a vehicle networking system as in claim 1 wherein the reputation value of the vehicle node specifically deducted from the choice of participating billing nodes is R ik ：
R i Reputation value, k, for vehicle node i registering participation in billing node selection i The total number k of times of selecting the accounting node for the registration of the vehicle node i i =1, 2,3,..n; the current credit value of the vehicle node i after the registration participation accounting node is selected is as follows: r is R is ＝R i -R ik 。
5. The blockchain consensus method applied to the internet of vehicles of claim 1, wherein the initial reputation value of all vehicle nodes is the same and the initial reputation value of the vehicle nodes is 0.5.
6. The block chain consensus method for an internet of vehicles according to claim 5, wherein the threshold is set to 0.3 in step 4).
7. The blockchain consensus method applied to the internet of vehicles according to claim 1, wherein if the reputation value of the vehicle node is kept unchanged after the m rounds of accounting node selection, the total number k of references of the vehicle node, of which the reputation value is kept unchanged, is cleared until the reputation value of the vehicle node is changed, and the total number k of references is reclassified.
8. The blockchain consensus method for the internet of vehicles according to claim 4, wherein 80% of the reputation values subtracted from all the vehicle nodes participating in the current round of billing nodes are returned to the vehicle after the selection is completed, and the reputation value R of the vehicle node i after the billing node is confirmed iq The method comprises the following steps: r is R iq ＝R is +0.8R ik 。
9. A blockchain consensus method applied to the internet of vehicles as in claim 8 wherein a vehicle node elected to select an accounting node is awarded R j As a benefit of the vehicle when the billing node is selected,the current latest reputation value of the billing node is r=r iq +R j 。
10. The blockchain consensus method for use in the internet of vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the total number of references k of a vehicle node that is currently selected as the billing node is cleared, and counting is restarted from the k value of the vehicle node after the current round.
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| CN111935674B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-03-29 | 重庆邮电大学 | Vehicle networking hierarchical authentication method based on block chain technology |
| CN112801791B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-06-16 | 武汉大学 | Block chain consensus method and system based on authorization |
| CN113313378B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2023-01-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | Credibility model-based block chain consensus method |
| CN114741721A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-12 | 国网四川省电力公司天府新区供电公司 | Consensus device and consensus method based on contribution value certification for file block chain |
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