CN111371143A - Charging and discharging system - Google Patents
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 222
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 222
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000010278 pulse charging Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a charging and discharging system, which is applied to the technical field of lithium batteries and comprises a lithium battery, a charging and discharging circuit and a controller, wherein after the charging and discharging circuit receives a charging and discharging control signal sent by the controller, the charging and discharging operation comprising a charging process and a discharging process is executed. The lithium cell setting on the charge-discharge circuit that this system provided and the vehicle is in the same place, no matter what kind of reason takes place the polarization for the lithium cell, and when the polarization condition reached and predetermine the judgement condition, always there is the operation to produce the electric current opposite with the operating current of current lithium cell in the charge-discharge operation that charge-discharge circuit carried out, thereby ensure to weaken the polarization reaction at any time in the lithium cell use, under the prerequisite that does not need to rely on external device can realize weakening the inside polarization reaction's of lithium cell processing, guarantee the ageing of course, effectively improve battery life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a charging and discharging system.
Background
At present, most of electric automobiles adopt lithium batteries as power batteries to provide required electric energy for driving motors, and although the lithium batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long endurance and the like, the defect of short average service life still remains the bottleneck of limiting the further development of the lithium batteries.
The polarization reaction inside the battery is one of the main factors influencing the service life of the lithium battery, and the lithium battery is continuously charged and discharged in a large scale in a single direction for a long time, for example, the phenomenon of lithium precipitation on the surface of the graphite cathode of the battery is easily caused by the currently and generally adopted high-current quick charge, the polarization reaction inside the battery is accelerated, and the service life of the battery is quickly reduced.
Research shows that after a lithium battery is charged and discharged in a single direction for a long time, even if the working state of the lithium battery is changed in a short time, the polarization reaction in the lithium battery can be greatly weakened. For example, after the vehicle normally runs and the lithium battery continuously discharges for a period of time, a reverse charging process is added to the lithium battery, or after the lithium battery continuously charges for a period of time, a reverse discharging process is added to the lithium battery, so that the phenomenon of lithium precipitation can be completely prevented theoretically, the metal lithium precipitated by the graphite negative electrode can be effectively consumed, and the internal polarization reaction of the battery is further weakened.
However, since most of the electric vehicles do not have the function of weakening the polarization reaction by themselves, the driver needs to go to a designated maintenance point regularly, or the polarization reaction weakening treatment can be performed by using an external treatment device purchased separately, and it is often difficult to ensure the timeliness of the treatment process. Therefore, how to automatically complete the process of weakening the internal polarization reaction of the lithium battery without depending on an external processing device, ensure the timeliness of the processing process, and improve the service life of the battery becomes one of the problems to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a charge and discharge system, which performs charge and discharge operations on a lithium battery through a charge and discharge circuit connected to the lithium battery, and can implement a process of weakening a polarization reaction inside the lithium battery without depending on an external device, thereby ensuring timeliness of a processing process and improving a service life of the battery, and the specific scheme is as follows:
the present invention provides a charge and discharge system, including:
a lithium battery, a charging and discharging circuit and a controller, wherein,
the positive electrode of the charge and discharge circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lithium battery, and the negative electrode of the charge and discharge circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery;
the controller is connected with the lithium battery and used for monitoring the polarization condition of the lithium battery and generating a charging and discharging control signal when the polarization condition of the lithium battery reaches a preset judgment condition;
the control end of the charge and discharge circuit is connected with the controller, the charge and discharge circuit is used for executing charge and discharge operation according to the charge and discharge control signal, wherein the charge and discharge operation comprises the following steps: charging and discharging the lithium battery.
Optionally, the charging and discharging circuit includes a pulse charging and discharging circuit, wherein,
the pulse charging and discharging circuit is used for executing charging and discharging operations according to the charging and discharging control signals and a preset period, wherein the charging and discharging operations comprise: and executing the charging operation for the first time length, and executing the discharging operation for the third time length after the interval of the second time length.
Optionally, the pulse charging and discharging circuit includes: n charge-discharge branches and (N-1) series switch modules, wherein N is more than or equal to 2,
the charging and discharging branch circuit comprises an energy storage capacitor and a parallel switch module which are connected in series;
one end of the ith series switch module is connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor in the ith charge-discharge branch circuit, and the other end of the ith series switch module is connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor in the (i +1) th charge-discharge branch circuit, wherein i ∈ [1, N-1 ];
when each series switch module is closed and each parallel switch module is opened, each energy storage capacitor is connected in series;
when each series switch module is switched off and each parallel switch module is switched on, each energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel in the same direction.
Optionally, when the controller is configured to generate the charge and discharge control signal when the polarization condition of the lithium battery reaches the preset determination condition, the method includes:
when the lithium battery is polarized due to continuous discharge and the polarization condition reaches a preset judgment condition, generating a charging control signal;
when the lithium battery is polarized due to continuous charging and the polarization condition reaches a preset judgment condition, generating a discharge control signal;
when the charge and discharge circuit is used for executing charge and discharge operation according to the charge and discharge control signal, the charge and discharge circuit comprises:
charging the lithium battery according to the charging control signal;
and discharging the lithium battery according to the discharge control signal.
Optionally, the charge and discharge system further includes: a current-limiting switch module, wherein,
the current limiting switch module is arranged between the charge and discharge circuit and the lithium battery;
the controller is also used for generating a current-limiting control signal according to a preset current parameter of the charge and discharge circuit;
and the control end of the current-limiting switch module is connected with the controller and used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the charging and discharging circuit and the lithium battery according to the current-limiting control signal.
Optionally, the current limit switch module includes: and the control ends of the two switching tubes are used as the control ends of the current-limiting switch module.
Optionally, the charge and discharge system further includes: a charge switch module, wherein,
the charging switch module is connected in series between a charging interface of the lithium battery and the lithium battery;
the controller is also used for outputting a charging control signal according to the connection condition of the charging interface and a charging power supply and the working state of the lithium battery;
and the control end of the charging switch module is connected with the controller and used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the charging power supply and the lithium battery according to the charging control signal.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to control the charging and discharging circuit to discharge when the vehicle accelerates.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to control the charging and discharging circuit to store the electric energy output by the energy recovery device when the vehicle is braked.
Optionally, the preset determination condition includes:
in the case where the lithium battery is continuously discharged, the preset determination condition includes: the surface potential of the negative electrode of the lithium battery is greater than a first preset potential threshold value, or the continuous discharge time of the lithium battery reaches a preset discharge time threshold value;
in the case where the lithium battery is continuously charged, the preset determination condition includes: the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery is smaller than a second preset potential threshold, or the continuous charging time of the lithium battery reaches a preset charging time threshold;
wherein the first preset potential threshold is greater than the second preset potential threshold.
The charging and discharging system provided by the invention comprises the lithium battery, the charging and discharging circuit and the controller, and after the charging and discharging circuit receives the charging and discharging control signal sent by the controller, the charging and discharging operation comprising the charging process and the discharging process is executed. Because the lithium battery can be polarized in the processes of continuous charging and continuous discharging, when the polarization tends to saturation, the external current in the same direction as the working current causing the polarization of the lithium battery can not obviously enhance the polarization reaction, but the effect of greatly weakening the polarization reaction can be achieved as long as the current opposite to the current working current flows in the lithium battery, therefore, the charging and discharging circuit provided by the system is arranged together with the lithium battery on a vehicle, no matter what reason the lithium battery is polarized, and when the polarization condition reaches the preset judgment condition, one operation always generates the current opposite to the current working current of the lithium battery in the charging and discharging operation executed by the charging and discharging circuit, thereby ensuring that the polarization reaction can be weakened at any time in the use process of the lithium battery, under the premise of realizing the treatment of weakening the polarization reaction in the lithium battery without depending on an external device, the timeliness of the treatment process is ensured, and the service life of the battery is effectively prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a charging and discharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit topology diagram of another charge and discharge system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic waveform diagram of a charging/discharging control signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a circuit topology diagram of another charging and discharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit topology diagram of another charge and discharge system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Research shows that the development of the polarization reaction is not linear in the working process of the lithium battery, taking the continuous high-current charging process of the lithium battery as an example, the polarization reaction develops at a higher speed in the initial stage of the charging process, and the development speed of the polarization reaction is slower and gradually approaches to saturation along with the increase of the charging time. Under the condition that the polarization reaction is close to saturation or is saturated, even if the lithium battery is continuously charged, the development of the polarization reaction of the lithium battery is not influenced remarkably, and even any influence is not generated.
And if the lithium battery polarization reaction tends to be saturated or is saturated, the polarization reaction of the lithium battery can be greatly weakened even if the lithium battery is subjected to charging and discharging operations in a short time. The former example is used continuously, under the condition that the lithium battery is polarized due to continuous large-current charging and the polarization reaction tends to be saturated, the lithium battery is controlled to perform discharging operation in a short time, the direction of current flowing through the lithium battery is changed, the effect of greatly weakening the polarization reaction of the lithium battery can be achieved, and if the discharging time is set reasonably, the influence of the polarization reaction on the performance of the lithium battery can be completely offset theoretically.
Based on the above premise, the present invention provides a charge and discharge system, optionally, referring to fig. 1, where fig. 1 is a block diagram of a charge and discharge system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the charge and discharge system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: a lithium battery 10, a charge and discharge circuit 20, and a controller 30, wherein,
the positive pole of the charge and discharge circuit 20 is connected with the positive pole of the lithium battery 10, the negative pole of the charge and discharge circuit 20 is connected with the negative pole of the lithium battery 10, the charge and discharge circuit 20 is connected with the lithium battery 10 in parallel in the same direction, when the charge and discharge circuit 20 discharges, the lithium battery 10 can be charged, and correspondingly, when the charge and discharge circuit 20 charges, the discharge process of the lithium battery 10 can be realized.
The controller 30 is connected to the lithium battery 10 and the charging and discharging circuit 20, respectively, and is configured to monitor a polarization condition of the lithium battery 10, and generate a charging and discharging control signal to control the charging and discharging circuit 20 when the polarization condition of the lithium battery 10 meets a preset determination condition. Alternatively, considering that the substance of the polarization reaction of the lithium battery 10 is that the electrode potential of the lithium battery 10 deviates from the equilibrium potential due to the continuous charging or discharging in a single direction, and the direction of the electrode potential deviation caused by the continuous charging is not the same as the direction of the electrode potential deviation caused by the continuous discharging, in practical applications, the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10 is used to measure the degree of the electrode deviation from the equilibrium potential during the charging and discharging processes of the lithium battery 10, so that the preset determination condition can be set based on the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10, and the polarization condition of the lithium battery 10 can be determined accordingly.
Specifically, in the case where the lithium battery 10 is continuously discharged, the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10 will continuously rise, and therefore, a first preset potential threshold value may be set, and when the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10 is greater than the first preset potential threshold value, it is determined that the preset determination condition is satisfied; in the case where the lithium battery 10 is continuously charged, the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10 will continuously decrease, and therefore, a second preset potential threshold value may be set, and when the negative electrode surface potential is less than the second preset potential threshold value, it is determined that the preset determination condition is satisfied. It is conceivable that the first preset potential threshold value is a positive value and is greater than the second preset potential threshold value.
As a preferred arrangement, the second preset potential threshold value may be 0V.
Further, for the lithium battery 10 whose basic parameters such as capacity, output current, charging current and the like are determined and known, the time that the polarization reaction tends to be saturated can be determined basically in the charging or discharging process, and therefore, the preset determination condition can be set according to the continuous charging and discharging time of the lithium battery 10. Specifically, a preset charging duration threshold is provided, and when the continuous charging duration of the lithium battery 10 reaches the preset charging duration threshold, it is determined that a preset determination condition is satisfied; correspondingly, a preset discharge time threshold is provided, and when the duration of the lithium battery 10 reaches the preset discharge time threshold, it is determined that the preset determination condition is satisfied. The preset charging time threshold and the preset discharging time threshold may be selected with reference to specific parameters and application conditions of the lithium battery 10, which is not limited in the present invention.
It should be noted that, even if the duration of charging and the duration of discharging are selected as the determination conditions of the polarization condition, the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10 is always in an abnormal state when the corresponding preset determination conditions are met, and therefore, no matter which of the above parameters is selected as the basis for the determination, the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10 can be selected as the reference basis for exiting the process of weakening the polarization reaction, that is, when the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10 is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the lithium battery 10 returns to normal, and then the charging and discharging operation is exited.
When the lithium battery 10 is charged or discharged, the polarization reaction of the lithium battery 10 is quickly weakened or even disappeared, and when the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery 10 is restored to a normal condition, the controller 30 may stop outputting the charge/discharge control signal.
It should be noted that, for obtaining the negative electrode surface potential, the duration of charging, and the duration of discharging of the lithium battery 10, the above parameters may be obtained through a manner implemented in the prior art, for example, for the negative electrode surface potential, a state detector connected to the lithium battery 10 may be used to obtain the above parameters, other obtaining manners in the prior art are also optional, and the specific obtaining process of the above parameters is not limited in the present invention.
The control end of the charge and discharge circuit 20 is connected to the controller 30, receives the charge and discharge control signal sent by the controller 30 through the control end, and executes the charge and discharge operation according to the received charge and discharge control signal, specifically, the charge and discharge operation according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: charging the lithium battery 10 and discharging the lithium battery 10. As described above, when the charge and discharge circuit 20 is discharged, i.e., the lithium battery 10 is charged, even if the lithium battery 10 is discharged when the charge and discharge circuit 20 is charged.
In summary, in the charging and discharging system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the charging and discharging circuit is disposed together with the lithium battery on the vehicle, and no matter what reason the lithium battery is polarized, there is always one operation in the charging and discharging operations performed by the charging and discharging circuit to generate a current opposite to the current working current of the lithium battery, so as to ensure that the polarization reaction can be weakened at any time in the use process of the lithium battery, and on the premise that the processing for weakening the internal polarization reaction of the lithium battery can be realized without depending on an external device, the timeliness of the processing process is ensured, and the service life of the battery is effectively prolonged.
Meanwhile, although the charge and discharge circuit can generate current in the same direction as the working current of the lithium battery, the polarization process of the lithium battery and the process for weakening the polarization reaction are not developed in a ratio of 1:1, and the polarization reaction of the lithium battery cannot be obviously enhanced by applying the current in the same direction under the condition that the polarization reaction of the lithium battery is saturated.
In the above embodiments, the charging and discharging circuit inevitably affects the normal operation process of the lithium battery. Take the charging process of lithium cell as an example, under the condition that the lithium cell takes place the polarization because of lasting charging, the controller outputs the charge-discharge control signal, charge-discharge circuit carries out the charge-discharge operation, charge-discharge circuit is when carrying out the charging process of self, the discharge process of corresponding lithium cell, this is obviously inconsistent with the current operating mode of lithium cell, can make the lithium cell just store the electric energy and released again, save to charge-discharge circuit in, inevitable can prolong the whole charging process's of lithium cell duration, and then influence user's use and experience.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides another charge and discharge system, in which a pulse charge and discharge circuit is used as a charge and discharge circuit. The control end of the pulse charging and discharging circuit is also connected with the controller, receives the charging and discharging control signal sent by the controller, and executes charging and discharging operations according to the charging and discharging control signal according to a preset period, specifically, the charging and discharging operations in each period include: after the charging operation with the first time length is executed and the second time length is separated, the discharging operation with the third time length is executed, the time length of the charging and discharging period is reasonably set, the charging operation and the discharging operation are not overlapped, and the reliable operation of the charging and discharging operation is ensured. Based on the characteristics of the pulse charging and discharging circuit, the duration of the charging process and the discharging process is very short, and the influence on the normal working state of the lithium battery can be reduced as much as possible on the premise of not influencing the weakening polarization reaction effect. In the following embodiments, the first duration (i.e. t in the following content) will be specifically describedc) And a third duration (i.e., t in the subsequent content)dc) The specific calculation method of (2) is not detailed here.
Optionally, the pulse charging and discharging circuit provided in the embodiment of the present invention at least includes N charging and discharging branches and (N-1) series switch modules, where N is greater than or equal to 2, where a charging and discharging branch includes energy storage capacitors and parallel switch modules connected in series, one end of an ith series switch module is connected to a negative electrode of an energy storage capacitor in an ith charging and discharging branch, and the other end of the ith series switch module is connected to a positive electrode of an energy storage capacitor in an (i +1) th charging and discharging branch, where i ∈ [1, N-1 ]. when each series switch module is disconnected and each parallel switch module is closed, each energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel in the same direction, and when each parallel switch module is disconnected, each energy storage capacitor is connected in series.
Based on the above summary of the circuit structure of the pulse charging and discharging circuit, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a circuit topology diagram of another charging and discharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, an optional implementation form of the pulse charging and discharging circuit is shown, and a controller is not shown.
In this embodiment, the pulse charging and discharging circuit includes two charging and discharging branches, and each charging and discharging branch includes an energy storage capacitor and a parallel switch module, and is corresponding, includes a series switch module.
Specifically, the anode of the energy storage capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the parallel switch module S1, and the two are connected in series to form a first charging and discharging branch, the cathode of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the parallel switch module S3, and the two are connected in series to form a second charging and discharging branch. The first charging and discharging branch circuit and the second charging and discharging branch circuit are connected in parallel in the same direction, namely the other end of the parallel switch module S1, which is not connected with the energy storage capacitor C2, is connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1, and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C2 is connected with the other end of the parallel switch module S3.
The series switch module S2 is respectively connected with the two charging and discharging branches, wherein one end of the series switch module S2 is connected with the series connection point of the energy storage capacitor C1 and the parallel switch module S3, namely connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor C1; the other end of the series switching module S2 is connected to the series connection of the energy storage capacitor C2 and the parallel switching module S1, i.e., to the positive terminal of the energy storage capacitor C2.
The control ends of the parallel switch modules S1 and S3 and the control end of the series switch module S2 are jointly used as the control ends of the pulse charging and discharging branch circuit and are connected with the controller.
Based on the above connection relationship, when the parallel switch modules S1 and S3 are closed and the series switch module S2 is opened, the lithium battery discharges to the energy storage capacitor C1 and the energy storage capacitor C2, and the two energy storage capacitors are charged. After the energy storage capacitors are charged, the voltage on each energy storage capacitor is the battery voltage; then, the controller controls the parallel switch modules S1 and S3 to be turned off, and then controls the series switch module S2 to be turned on, the two energy storage capacitors in the circuit are changed from the parallel relation to the series relation at this time, the transient voltage output by the pulse charging and discharging circuit is the sum of the voltages of the two energy storage capacitors when the energy storage capacitors are connected in parallel, that is, the output voltage at this time is twice of the output voltage of the lithium battery, and the energy storage capacitors charge the lithium battery. With the continuous release of the electric energy in the energy storage capacitors, when the pulse charging and discharging circuit tends to be stable, the total voltage of each energy storage capacitor in series connection on the circuit is reduced to the output voltage of the lithium battery, namely, the voltage on each energy storage capacitor is reduced to half of the output voltage of the lithium battery.
The controller can continuously repeat the charging and discharging process by reasonably controlling the conversion process of the series connection and the parallel connection of the energy storage capacitors in the pulse charging and discharging circuit. As a most direct and effective control mode, the control of each switch module can be completed by a PWM control signal, and the series-parallel connection switching of the energy storage capacitor can be effectively completed by setting pulse delay and duty ratio.
The pulse charging and discharging circuit belongs to an RC energy storage circuit of a capacitor, and the time required by single charging and discharging of the pulse charging and discharging circuit can be obtained by the following differential equation:
IR+UC＝VOC，
wherein R is a circuit resistance;
i is current;
c is the capacity of the energy storage capacitor;
UCis the voltage on the energy storage capacitor;
q is the transient electric quantity of the energy storage capacitor;
VOCis the open circuit voltage of the lithium battery.
Based on the above calculation formula, if t represents the charging and discharging time of the energy storage capacitor, when t is 0, that is, the starting time of the energy storage capacitor for the first charging, the charging voltage U output by the lithium battery is obtainedO＝VOCThe lithium battery charges each energy storage capacitor, and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor finally rises to V along with the continuous proceeding of the energy storage processOC. Correspondingly, when the energy storage capacitor is switched to be in series connection, the lithium battery is charged, and the charging initial voltage is 2VOCAfter a certain period of discharge, the voltage of each energy storage capacitor is reduced, and finally, the voltage of each energy storage capacitor in series connection is VOC(thus, the voltage value on the single capacitor is 0.5VOC) And stopping charging the lithium battery when the output voltage is equal to the output voltage of the lithium battery. It is conceivable that the initial charging voltage of each energy storage capacitor is 0.5V in the subsequent process of charging the energy storage capacitor by the lithium battery after the first charging and discharging operationOC。
Assuming that the size of each energy storage capacitor is equal to C, when the lithium battery discharges and the energy storage capacitors are connected in parallel, the total equivalent capacitance of the pulse charging and discharging circuit is 2C, and the energy storage capacitors are connected in series, and when the lithium battery charges, the total equivalent capacitance of the pulse charging and discharging circuit is 0.5C. Therefore, in the discharging operation of the lithium battery after the second discharging, the voltage on the single energy storage capacitor is:
UC＝VOC(1-0.5e-t/2RC)，
and the voltage on a single energy storage capacitor when the lithium battery is charged is as follows:
UC＝0.5VOC(1+e-2t/RC)，
solving the formula and combining the basic principle of the RC energy storage circuit, the time required by completing charging and discharging of the energy storage capacitor each time can be obtained as follows:
tc＝10RC，
tdc＝2.5RC，
wherein, tcCharging time for the energy storage capacitor;
tdcthe discharge time of the energy storage capacitor.
The charge and discharge control signals can be determined and adjusted according to the calculation result, namely the pulse period and the duty ratio of the PWM control signals are adjusted, and series-parallel switching of the energy storage capacitors in the pulse charge and discharge circuit is achieved. t is tcA reference may be provided for the on-time periods of the parallel switch modules S1 and S3, tdcA reference may be provided for the on period of the series switch module S2. Of course, in order to avoid direct connection between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium battery, dead time should be set between the two sets of PWM control signals. Also, in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the charge/discharge control signal sent by the controller actually includes two sets of PWM control signals, one set is used to control the series switch module S2, and the other set is used to control the parallel switch modules S1 and S3.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of a charge and discharge Control Signal according to an embodiment of the present invention, where Control Signal for S2 means a PWM Control Signal of the series switch module S2, and Control Signal for S1 and S3 means PWM Control signals of the parallel switch modules S1 and S3, and in a waveform diagram of any Control Signal, a horizontal axis represents a pulse width, and a vertical axis represents an amplitude of the Control Signal. As can be seen from the waveforms shown in fig. 3, the PWM control signal waveforms of the parallel switch modules S1 and S3 are the same, and the PWM control signal waveform of the series switch module S2 is in phase opposition to both. The duty ratios of the two waveforms are both 40%, after the parallel switch modules S1 and S3 are turned off, the series switch module S2 is not immediately turned on, but is turned on after a 10% period, and all switches are turned off within the 10% period, which is called dead time, i.e., the aforementioned second duration. Similarly, after the series switch module S2 is turned off, the parallel switch modules S1 and S3 are not immediately turned on,but closes after a dead time of 10% of the cycle. In summary, the PWM wave preset pulse period of the pulse charging and discharging circuit is: the closing times of the parallel switch modules S1 and S3 (corresponding to the first duration, t, described above)c) + the closing time of the series switch module S2 (corresponding to the third duration, t, described above)dc) + two sections of dead time.
In summary, the charge and discharge system provided in the embodiments of the present invention can continuously perform positive and negative charge and discharge on the lithium battery by adjusting the charge and discharge control signal output by the controller, so as to greatly weaken polarization and other irreversible side effects, such as negative pole lithium precipitation, caused by large-scale continuous charge and discharge in a single direction, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the battery.
Certainly, on the premise that the control condition allows, the energy storage capacitor can be controlled to only charge a part of electricity or only discharge a part of electricity, and the charging and discharging process of the energy storage capacitor does not need to be completely finished, so that the control of the current and the pulse time is realized.
As described above, the pulse charging and discharging circuit provided by the present invention may also be composed of more than two energy storage capacitors, and of course, the basic control principle of the pulse charging and discharging circuit is not changed no matter how the topology structure of the circuit changes. Optionally, referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a circuit topology diagram of another charging and discharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The connection relationship among the energy storage capacitors, the parallel switch modules, and the series switch modules in the embodiment shown in fig. 4 is not repeated here, and may be implemented by referring to the corresponding content in the embodiment shown in fig. 2.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the charge and discharge control signals output by the controller include PWM1 for controlling the series switching module and PWM2 for controlling the parallel switching module. When the output pulse of the PWM2 is positive and the output of the PWM1 is negative, 4 switch modules controlled by the PWM2 are switched on, so that the lithium battery charges the three energy storage capacitors connected in parallel, namely the lithium battery discharges; when the pulse output by the PWM1 is positive and the pulse output by the PWM2 is negative, 2 switch modules controlled by the PWM1 are switched on, so that the three energy storage capacitors are serially connected to discharge, namely, the lithium battery is charged, and the three energy storage capacitors are switched on and off in a reciprocating manner, so that the pulse charging and discharging process is realized.
On the basis of the above, the charging and discharging system provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes a current-limiting switch module (corresponding to the circuit topology in the dashed line frame in the embodiment of fig. 4), wherein,
the current-limiting switch module is arranged between the charging and discharging circuit and the lithium battery. In the example shown in fig. 4, one end of the current-limiting switch module is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery, and the other end is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse charging and discharging circuit; correspondingly, the current-limiting switch module can be connected between the anode of the lithium battery and the anode of the pulse charging and discharging circuit in series.
In this embodiment, the controller (not shown in the figure) is further configured to generate a current limiting control signal, which is shown by Con in fig. 4, according to a preset current parameter of the pulse charging and discharging circuit. Optionally, the preset current parameter may be at least one of an average current value, an effective current value, a peak current value and other current parameters flowing through the charge and discharge circuit, and the preset current parameter is set to have a corresponding threshold value, and the preset current parameter acquired in real time is compared with the corresponding threshold value, so as to determine whether to output the current limiting control signal.
Optionally, taking the average current value as an example, the controller calculates or directly obtains an integral value of an absolute value of current flowing in the pulse charging and discharging current with respect to time from a state detector connected to the lithium battery, and further divides the obtained integral value by the system operation time, so as to obtain the average current value flowing in the pulse charging and discharging circuit. It should be noted that, for the calculation of the average current value flowing through the pulse charge and discharge circuit, other calculation methods in the prior art may be referred to, and the specific calculation process of the average current in the present invention is not limited.
And the control end of the current-limiting switch module is connected with the controller and used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the charging and discharging circuit and the lithium battery according to the current-limiting control signal. When the current-limiting switch module is disconnected, the pulse charging and discharging circuit is disconnected with the lithium battery, and the lithium battery is not charged or discharged; correspondingly, when the current-limiting switch module is closed, the pulse charging and discharging circuit is connected with the lithium battery, and the pulse charging and discharging circuit can normally execute charging and discharging operations.
Specifically, a limited threshold of the average current may be set according to the actual application requirement, when the average current of the pulse charging and discharging circuit is not greater than the limited threshold, a current-limiting control signal for controlling the closing of the current-limiting switch module is generated, for example, a high level is output, so that the pulse charging and discharging circuit can normally operate, and correspondingly, when the average current of the pulse charging and discharging circuit is greater than the limited threshold, a current-limiting control signal for controlling the opening of the current-limiting switch module is generated, for example, a low level is output, so that the pulse charging and discharging circuit stops operating.
Optionally, in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, a configuration manner of an optional current-limiting switch module is provided, which specifically includes: and the control ends of the two switching tubes are used as the control ends of the current-limiting switch module. One connecting point of the two reverse parallel switch tubes is connected with the lithium battery, and the other connecting point is connected with the pulse charging and discharging circuit.
Based on the current-limiting switch module of above-mentioned structure, when current-limiting control signal Con is the high level, the control end of two switch tubes of current-limiting switch module all is connected with the high level, under this kind of circumstances, no matter pulse charge-discharge circuit is in the charging process, still be in the discharge process, always one is in the on-state in two switch tubes, can not bring the influence to pulse charge-discharge circuit's normal work, and, because two switch tubes in the current-limiting switch module are reverse parallel, even the two control end obtains the high level simultaneously, the switch tube that obtains forward conducting voltage also has and only one (the charging and discharging process current direction is different), the different switch tubes can be gated to charging process and discharge process promptly. Correspondingly, when the current-limiting control signal is at a low level, the two switching tubes are both in an off state, and the pulse charging and discharging circuit stops working.
According to the charge and discharge system provided by the embodiment of the invention, on the basis of the embodiment, the current-limiting switch module is additionally arranged, so that the current of the charge and discharge circuit can be limited, the current flowing through the system is limited within a preset range, and the protection of the lithium battery is realized.
Optionally, referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a circuit topology diagram of another charging and discharging system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and on the basis of the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the charging and discharging system further includes a charging switch module S4, wherein,
the charging switch module S4 is connected in series between a charging interface (not shown) of the lithium battery and the lithium battery, and when the charging interface of the lithium battery is connected with a charging power source, if the charging switch module S4 is turned off, the charging of the lithium battery is stopped, and if the charging switch module S4 is turned on, the lithium battery can be normally charged.
In this embodiment, the controller (not shown in the figure) is further configured to output a charging control signal, which is shown by Con2, according to the connection condition between the charging interface and the charging power source and the operating state of the lithium battery.
The control end of the charging switch module S4 is connected to the controller, and is configured to control connection and disconnection between the charging power supply and the lithium battery according to the charging control signal Con 2.
The following describes the specific operation of the embodiment shown in fig. 5:
step 1, when the lithium battery charging interface is connected with a charging power supply, because the lithium battery does not start charging, the polarization reaction does not start in the charging process, and the polarization condition of the lithium battery cannot reach the preset judgment condition naturally. Specifically, if the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery is selected as the judgment basis, under the condition that the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the controller outputs a charging control signal for controlling the conduction of the charging switch module S4, and controls each parallel switch module and each series switch module in the pulse charging and discharging circuit to be in a disconnected state, so that short circuit in the charging process is avoided. In this case, the lithium battery can be started to be charged.
And 2, if the surface potential of the negative electrode of the lithium battery becomes a negative value in the charging process (namely the second preset potential threshold is selected to be 0V), or the continuous charging time reaches the preset charging time threshold, the controller sends a charging control signal for controlling the charging switch module S4 to be disconnected, the charging process is suspended, and meanwhile, the charging and discharging control signal is started, namely PWM1 and PWM2 are output, so that the pulse charging and discharging circuit is controlled to work, and the polarization reaction of the lithium battery is weakened.
And 3, after the step 2, weakening the polarization reaction of the lithium battery, stopping outputting the charge and discharge control signal by the controller under the condition that the pulse charge and discharge circuit stops working is met (namely the potential of the negative electrode surface of the lithium battery is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold), completely disconnecting the switch modules S1, S2 and S3, and simultaneously controlling the charge switch module S4 to be switched on to restart charging.
And (5) continuously repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until the lithium battery is charged, and disconnecting the external charging power supply.
In practical use, the basic working steps of the system in the vehicle running state are basically the same as the working steps in the charging mode, and are not described again here. According to the system, the lithium battery can be charged and discharged on the premise of not influencing the normal charging process and the normal discharging process of the lithium battery, and the purpose of weakening the polarization reaction of the lithium battery is achieved.
It should be noted that each of the switch modules described in the above embodiments may be implemented by a switch tube IGBT, and may also be implemented by a MOSFET or other controllable components.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the charging switch module is added on the basis of the simplest pulse charging and discharging circuit, and of course, the charging switch module may also be added on the basis of the pulse charging and discharging circuit shown in fig. 4 and including more than two energy storage capacitors, and the charging switch module is combined with the current limiting switch module to obtain a charging and discharging control system with more comprehensive functions.
Optionally, in each of the above embodiments, it is not necessary to distinguish a polarization cause of the lithium battery, and the polarization reaction of the lithium battery is weakened while an external current in the same direction as the current working current of the lithium battery is included. Under the condition that the lithium battery is polarized due to continuous discharge and the polarization condition reaches a preset judgment condition, the controller generates a charging control signal, and the charging and discharging circuit receives the charging control signal to charge the lithium battery; and under the condition that the lithium battery is polarized due to continuous charging and the polarization condition reaches a preset judgment condition, generating a discharge control signal, and receiving the discharge control signal by the charge and discharge circuit to discharge the lithium battery.
Optionally, the charge and discharge system provided by each embodiment of the present invention has other usage, for example, when the vehicle is accelerated, the controller may give a control signal to control the charge and discharge circuit to discharge, so as to improve the output power of the lithium battery. Specifically, when the charging and discharging circuit is realized by a pulse charging and discharging circuit, the controller can control the energy storage capacitor to be changed from a parallel connection relation to a series connection relation, so that the output voltage of the instantaneous lithium battery is increased, and the instantaneous output power and the acceleration capacity are improved.
When the vehicle brakes, the controller can also control the energy storage capacitor to absorb and store the instant huge current generated by the energy recovery device so as to protect the battery, and meanwhile, the effects of absorbing large current and storing electric energy are achieved. In this case, whether the energy storage capacitors are connected in series or in parallel depends on the specific voltage value output by the energy recovery device, and therefore, the connection relationship of the energy storage capacitors needs to be selected according to the actual condition of the specific vehicle.
Optionally, under the condition that the charge and discharge circuit is composed of a pulse charge and discharge circuit, even when the electric vehicle is stationary, because the lithium battery has the self-discharge characteristic, the charge and discharge system provided by the embodiment of the invention can still store the self-discharge electric quantity of the lithium battery and compensate the self-discharge electric quantity for the lithium battery by reducing the frequency of series-parallel switching of the energy storage capacitor, so that the self-discharge electric quantity of the lithium battery is greatly reduced, and the battery capacity is improved.
Optionally, in the running process of the vehicle, the charging and discharging system provided by the invention can also realize the function of heating the lithium battery. In winter in the north, even if the electric automobile is preheated, the temperature of the battery is still low in the driving process, and the maximum performance of the electric automobile cannot be exerted. During the running process of a vehicle, pulse current can be generated inside the lithium battery through the system, and heat is generated on the internal resistance of the battery, so that the temperature of the lithium battery is increased, and the maximum performance of the lithium battery is fully exerted.
Further, the system can also realize DC/DC function. Taking the circuit topology shown in fig. 2 as an example, the battery voltage can be boosted to 2 times the battery voltage or reduced to any level between 0V by switching the pulse charging and discharging circuit.
In the boost mode, the lithium battery charges the energy storage capacitor. The voltage of the two capacitors is charged to the voltage of the battery under the parallel state of the energy storage capacitors, and then the two capacitors are switched to the serial state, so that the voltage of the output end is twice of the voltage of the battery. As the capacitor supplies power to the load, the voltage across the energy storage capacitor will gradually decrease, at which time the energy storage capacitor can be charged again by switching the energy storage capacitor to a parallel state. The output voltage that can be obtained by switching the state of the switching module in the system is any level between the battery voltage and twice the battery voltage. Similarly, the output voltage that can be obtained in the step-down mode is an arbitrary level between the battery voltage and 0V.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, Read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A charging and discharging system, comprising: a lithium battery, a charging and discharging circuit and a controller, wherein,
the positive electrode of the charge and discharge circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the lithium battery, and the negative electrode of the charge and discharge circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the lithium battery;
the controller is connected with the lithium battery and used for monitoring the polarization condition of the lithium battery and generating a charging and discharging control signal when the polarization condition of the lithium battery reaches a preset judgment condition;
the control end of the charge and discharge circuit is connected with the controller, the charge and discharge circuit is used for executing charge and discharge operation according to the charge and discharge control signal, wherein the charge and discharge operation comprises the following steps: charging and discharging the lithium battery.
2. The charging and discharging system according to claim 1, wherein the charging and discharging circuit comprises a pulsed charging and discharging circuit, wherein,
the pulse charging and discharging circuit is used for executing charging and discharging operations according to the charging and discharging control signals and a preset period, wherein the charging and discharging operations comprise: and executing the charging operation for the first time length, and executing the discharging operation for the third time length after the interval of the second time length.
3. The charging and discharging system according to claim 2, wherein the pulse charging and discharging circuit comprises: n charge-discharge branches and (N-1) series switch modules, wherein N is more than or equal to 2,
the charging and discharging branch circuit comprises an energy storage capacitor and a parallel switch module which are connected in series;
one end of the ith series switch module is connected with the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor in the ith charge-discharge branch circuit, and the other end of the ith series switch module is connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor in the (i +1) th charge-discharge branch circuit, wherein i ∈ [1, N-1 ];
when each series switch module is closed and each parallel switch module is opened, each energy storage capacitor is connected in series;
when each series switch module is switched off and each parallel switch module is switched on, the energy storage capacitors are connected in parallel in the same direction.
4. The charging and discharging system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to generate the charging and discharging control signal when the polarization condition of the lithium battery reaches a preset determination condition, and the controller comprises:
when the lithium battery is polarized due to continuous discharge and the polarization condition reaches a preset judgment condition, generating a charging control signal;
when the lithium battery is polarized due to continuous charging and the polarization condition reaches a preset judgment condition, generating a discharge control signal;
the charge and discharge circuit is used for executing charge and discharge operation according to the charge and discharge control signal and comprises:
charging the lithium battery according to the charging control signal;
and discharging the lithium battery according to the discharge control signal.
5. The charging and discharging system according to claim 1, further comprising: a current-limiting switch module, wherein,
the current limiting switch module is arranged between the charge and discharge circuit and the lithium battery;
the controller is also used for generating a current-limiting control signal according to a preset current parameter of the charge and discharge circuit;
and the control end of the current-limiting switch module is connected with the controller and used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the charging and discharging circuit and the lithium battery according to the current-limiting control signal.
6. The charging and discharging system according to claim 5, wherein the current limiting switch module comprises: and the control ends of the two switching tubes are used as the control ends of the current-limiting switch module.
7. The charging and discharging system according to claim 1, further comprising: a charge switch module, wherein,
the charging switch module is connected in series between a charging interface of the lithium battery and the lithium battery;
the controller is also used for outputting a charging control signal according to the connection condition of the charging interface and a charging power supply and the working state of the lithium battery;
and the control end of the charging switch module is connected with the controller and used for controlling the connection and disconnection of the charging power supply and the lithium battery according to the charging control signal.
8. The charging and discharging system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the controller is further configured to control the charging and discharging circuit to discharge when the vehicle accelerates.
9. The charging and discharging system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the controller is further configured to control the charging and discharging circuit to store the electric energy output by the energy recovery device when the vehicle is braked.
10. The charging and discharging system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the preset determination condition includes:
in the case where the lithium battery is continuously discharged, the preset determination condition includes: the surface potential of the negative electrode of the lithium battery is greater than a first preset potential threshold value, or the continuous discharge time of the lithium battery reaches a preset discharge time threshold value;
in the case where the lithium battery is continuously charged, the preset determination condition includes: the negative electrode surface potential of the lithium battery is smaller than a second preset potential threshold, or the continuous charging time of the lithium battery reaches a preset charging time threshold;
wherein the first preset potential threshold is greater than the second preset potential threshold.
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