CN111370857A - Antenna based on substrate integrated multi-line feed network - Google Patents
Antenna based on substrate integrated multi-line feed network Download PDFInfo
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- CN111370857A CN111370857A CN202010458892.5A CN202010458892A CN111370857A CN 111370857 A CN111370857 A CN 111370857A CN 202010458892 A CN202010458892 A CN 202010458892A CN 111370857 A CN111370857 A CN 111370857A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
Abstract
The invention discloses an antenna based on a substrate integrated multi-line feed network, which sequentially comprises a micro-strip power dividing network, a coupling gap layer, a substrate integrated multi-line feed network and a radiation gap layer, wherein electromagnetic waves pass through the micro-strip power dividing network, are coupled to the substrate integrated multi-line feed network through the coupling gap layer and are radiated out through the radiation gap layer; a first dielectric plate is arranged between the radiation gap layer and the substrate integrated multi-line feed network, a second dielectric plate is arranged between the substrate integrated multi-line feed network and the coupling gap layer, and a third dielectric plate is arranged between the coupling gap layer and the microstrip power distribution network. The structure of the invention enables the antenna equipment to have smaller size, meets better polarization characteristic, has stable gain and higher radiation efficiency in wider frequency band, and is simple to realize and easy to integrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to an antenna based on a substrate integrated multi-line feed network.
Background
With the scarcity of spectrum resources of wireless communication systems and the proliferation of information exchange, the commercialization of millimeter wave spectrum resources has become an urgent need for fifth generation mobile communications. The Ministry of industry and communications has announced the millimeter wave frequency band of fifth generation mobile communication, including the frequency band of 24.75-27.5 GHz and 37-42.5 GHz, and the relative bandwidth is above 10%.
Because the modern PCB technology is mature, the stability of the processing precision in the millimeter wave frequency band can be ensured, and the processed product can have the characteristics of low profile, small volume and high integration level, thereby being beneficial to the large-scale production and application of the antenna. Therefore, the slot antenna based on the substrate integration technology has a practical significance in high integration and cost reduction. Electromagnetic waves operating in the millimeter-wave band generally suffer from large path loss when propagating in free space, and particularly the energy is sharply attenuated after reflection. Therefore, the development of a broadband high-efficiency miniaturized millimeter wave antenna device has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna based on a substrate integrated multi-line feeding network to achieve miniaturization of an antenna device while having stable gain and high radiation efficiency in a wide frequency band.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses an antenna based on a substrate integrated multi-line feed network, which sequentially comprises a micro-strip power dividing network, a coupling slot layer, a substrate integrated multi-line feed network and a radiation slot layer, wherein electromagnetic waves pass through the micro-strip power dividing network, are coupled to the substrate integrated multi-line feed network through the coupling slot layer and are radiated out through the radiation slot layer; a first dielectric plate is arranged between the radiation gap layer and the substrate integrated multi-line feed network, a second dielectric plate is arranged between the substrate integrated multi-line feed network and the coupling gap layer, and a third dielectric plate is arranged between the coupling gap layer and the microstrip power distribution network.
The microstrip power dividing network is a one-to-eight-path microstrip power divider, electromagnetic waves are coupled to the substrate integrated multi-line feed network through the coupling slot layer, and the substrate integrated multi-line feed network carries out serial feed on the radiation slot.
The substrate integrated multi-line feed network is an array formed by a plurality of substrate integrated double-line structures which are uniformly distributed, each substrate integrated double-line structure comprises two inner conductors which are arranged above the second dielectric plate, the two inner conductors are positioned on two sides of the transmission line and are coupled in parallel, and metalized shielding holes are formed in two sides of each inner conductor.
Gaps are reserved between adjacent substrate integrated double-line structures on the same side of the transmission line, radiation gaps are correspondingly arranged above the first dielectric plate, and a plurality of uniformly distributed radiation gaps form a gap antenna array.
The distance between adjacent antennas in the slot antenna array is a guided wave wavelength, so that the slot antenna array can keep in-phase radiation in the horizontal direction.
The last antenna in the slot antenna array is three-quarter of the guided wave wavelength away from the terminal, and the terminal is short-circuited.
And a transmission line corresponding to a gap between two adjacent inner conductors is loaded with a stub, and the stub is used for performing perturbation on transverse current on the metal surface of the radiation gap layer.
The short stub is a short-circuit branch.
The electric fields excited by the coupling slits on the two adjacent paths of substrate integrated double-line structures are equal in amplitude and opposite in phase, so that the in-phase radiation of the antenna array in the vertical direction is ensured.
The first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are pressed through an adhesive layer.
The invention discloses an antenna based on a substrate integrated multi-line feed network, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1. in the invention, the coupling slot differentially excites two adjacent paths of substrates to integrate a double-line structure, the tangential electric field of the central symmetry plane is zero, and an ideal virtual electric wall is formed, so that metal holes on the symmetry plane can be omitted, the efficiency of the antenna is effectively improved, and the size of the antenna is reduced.
2. The feed network of the hybrid microstrip and substrate integrated multi-line series-parallel feed is adopted, electromagnetic waves pass through the parallel one-to-eight microstrip power dividing network, energy is coupled to the substrate integrated multi-line feed network through a coupling gap, and then the substrate integrated multi-line feeds the gap in series. The series-parallel feed network effectively widens the impedance bandwidth and the gain bandwidth of the antenna.
3. The substrate integrated multi-wire feed network of the invention carries out perturbation on the transverse current on the metal surface of the radiation gap layer by loading the short-circuit branch knot, thereby exciting the gap to radiate electromagnetic waves outwards. The radiation slot layer and the substrate are integrated into the multi-wire feed network large-scale array, and test results show that the structure enables the antenna equipment to have a smaller size, meets better polarization characteristics, has stable gain and higher radiation efficiency in a wider frequency band, and is simple to implement and easy to integrate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna based on a substrate integrated multi-line feed network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the structure of a radiation gap layer in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the structure of the substrate integrated multi-wire feeding network in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a coupling slot layer structure in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a microstrip power distribution network in the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a substrate integrated dual line architecture;
FIG. 7 is a graph of radiation gap structure and current distribution;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip-to-substrate integrated dual-wire switching structure;
FIG. 9 is a graph of reflectance for testing an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of actual gain and radiation efficiency for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a radiation pattern of an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-substrate integrated multi-line feed network, 2-mounting holes, 4-short circuit branches, 5-radiation slots, 6-coupling slots, 7-metalized through holes, 8-first dielectric plate, 9-bonding layer, 10-second dielectric plate, 11-third dielectric plate, 12-microstrip power division network, 13-substrate integrated double lines, 14-virtual electric wall and 15-open circuit microstrip branches.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and capabilities of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that describe several embodiments of the application. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and operational changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of embodiments of the present application is defined only by the claims of the patent of the present application. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
Although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements in some instances, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. The technical means disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the following embodiments, and include technical means composed of any combination of the following technical features.
Also, as used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, species, and/or groups, but do not preclude the presence, or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, species, and/or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna based on the substrate integrated multi-line feed network provided in this embodiment sequentially includes, from bottom to top, a microstrip power dividing network 12, a coupling slot layer, a substrate integrated multi-line feed network 1, and a radiation slot layer. The electromagnetic wave passes through the microstrip power division network 12, is coupled to the substrate integrated multi-line feed network 1 through the coupling slot layer, and then is radiated out through the radiation slot layer. A first dielectric plate 8 is arranged between the radiation gap layer and the substrate integrated multi-line feed network 1, a second dielectric plate 10 is arranged between the substrate integrated multi-line feed network 1 and the coupling gap layer, and a third dielectric plate 11 is arranged between the coupling gap layer and the microstrip power distribution network 12.
As a preferred embodiment, the microstrip power dividing network 12 is a one-to-eight microstrip power divider, as shown in fig. 5. Each path of electromagnetic wave is coupled to the substrate integrated multi-line feed network 1 through the coupling gap 6, so that the high-order mode TE of first-order transmission is suppressed10And (5) molding. The substrate integrated multi-line feed network 1 then feeds the radiating slot 5 in series. The antenna of the embodiment adopts the microstrip power divider 12 and the coupling slot 6 to feed the substrate integrated multi-line feed network 1, so as to ensure that a broadband differential signal is generated between two adjacent transmission lines.
Specifically, the substrate integrated multi-line feeding network 1 is located on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate 10, and is composed of a plurality of substrate integrated dual-line structures uniformly distributed, as shown in fig. 3. The substrate integrated dual line structure is shown in fig. 6, and includes two inner conductors disposed above the second dielectric plate 10, the two inner conductors are disposed on two sides of the transmission line and coupled in parallel, and metallized shielding holes are disposed on two sides of the inner conductors. The substrate integrated double-line structure is arranged in parallel along a transmission line, the inner conductors on two sides use the transmission line as a symmetry axis and form a central symmetry plane BB ', and according to the transmission line theory, when the transmission line is excited differentially, the central symmetry plane BB' can be regarded as an ideal electric wall or a virtual short circuit; when the transmission line is excited in common mode, the BB' plane can be considered as an ideal magnetic wall or a virtual open circuit. The plurality of substrate integrated double-line structures are arranged side by side, two adjacent substrate integrated double-line structures share a row of metal walls, and the electric field amplitudes of two adjacent transmission lines are the same and the phases are opposite so as to ensure the in-phase radiation in the vertical direction of the slot array. When the adjacent substrate integrated double-line structure is excited differentially, the tangential electric field of the central symmetry plane is zero and can be equivalent to a virtual electric wall 14, so that the metal wall on the symmetry plane can be removed, thereby effectively reducing the conductor loss and size of the antenna and improving the efficiency of the antenna.
A gap is left between the adjacent substrate integrated double-line structures on the same side of the transmission line, and a radiation gap 5 is correspondingly arranged above the first dielectric plate 8, as shown in fig. 7. A plurality of uniformly distributed radiation slots 5 constitute a slot antenna array as shown in fig. 2. The one-to-eight parallel microstrip power divider is positioned right below the slot antenna array.
In a preferred embodiment, the slot array antenna is spaced apart from adjacent antennas by a guided wavelength such that the slot array antenna maintains in-phase radiation in the horizontal direction. The last antenna in the slot antenna array is three-quarters of the guided wave length from the terminal, and the terminal is short-circuited.
Preferably, the transmission line corresponding to the gap between two adjacent inner conductors is loaded with a stub for perturbing the lateral current of the metal surface of the radiating gap layer, so as to excite the gap 5 to radiate outwards. The stub is typically a short stub 4. When the substrate integrated double-wire structure is excited differentially, the surface currents on the inner conductors along the transmission direction are in opposite phases, and the surface currents on the short-circuit branches 4 are in the same phase, so that the surrounding currents of the two slots are in the same phase, and in-phase radiation can be generated, as shown in fig. 7.
The electric fields excited by the coupling slits 6 on the two adjacent paths of substrate integrated double-line structures are equal in amplitude and opposite in phase, so that the in-phase radiation of the antenna array in the vertical direction is ensured.
In order to generate a broadband differential signal between two adjacent transmission lines, a microstrip-to-substrate integrated dual-line switching structure is further provided in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8. The interposer fabric includes a coupling slot 6, a substrate integrated dual line 13, and an open-circuit microstrip stub 15. Microstrip line pass throughThe coupling slot 6 couples the electromagnetic wave to the substrate integrated double-wire 13, and the switching structure not only realizes the switching from the microstrip power divider 12 to the substrate integrated double-wire structure, but also realizes the power dividing characteristic. The middle coupling gap can generate two paths of differential signals and inhibit the first-order higher-order mode TE of the substrate integrated double-wire structure10Therefore, the single-mode working bandwidth of the substrate integrated double-line structure is effectively widened, and meanwhile, unnecessary electromagnetic interference is reduced.
In some embodiments, the first dielectric sheet 8 and the second dielectric sheet 10 are laminated by an adhesive layer 9. The antenna provided in this embodiment is, from top to bottom, a first dielectric sheet 8, an adhesive layer 9, a second dielectric sheet 10, and a third dielectric sheet 11, respectively. The dielectric substrates all adopt Taconic TLY-5, the dielectric constant is 2.2, and the loss tangent is 0.0009. Rogers4450F was used for the adhesive layer 9, and the dielectric constant was 3.52 and the loss tangent was 0.004. The radiation slot 5 is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric plate 8, the substrate integrated multi-line feed network 1 is located on the upper surface of the second dielectric plate 10, the first dielectric plate 8 and the second dielectric plate 10 are pressed by the bonding layer 9 through a double-layer circuit board process, the coupling slot 6 is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric plate 10 and the upper surface of the third dielectric plate 11, and the microstrip power distribution network 12 is located on the lower surface of the third dielectric plate 11. The whole antenna has 15 mounting holes 2 and is fixed by using M3 nylon columns.
The antenna provided by the present example was tested for reflection coefficient, directivity pattern and gain using a PNA-X N5247A vector network analyzer and a microwave darkroom. Size of antenna 71 mm
54.2 mm（
) Where is the wavelength at the center frequency. Fig. 9 shows the reflection coefficient of the antenna simulation and test. The-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna test is 4.2 GHz (23.55 GHz-27.55 GHz), and the relative bandwidth is 16.5%. Fig. 10 shows the gain and radiation efficiency of antenna simulation and test. The maximum gain of the antenna test is 21.6 dBi, the 1 dB gain bandwidth is 12.5 percent, and the radiation efficiency is83.7 percent. Fig. 11 shows simulated and tested patterns of the antenna in the E-plane and the H-plane. The cross-polarized electric average of the antenna test at the E-plane and the H-plane is lower than-30 dB. The test result shows that the antenna has smaller size, meets better polarization characteristic, has stable gain and higher radiation efficiency in a wider impedance bandwidth, is simple to realize and is easy to integrate.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present application and are not intended to limit the application. Any changes or substitutions that may be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna based on a substrate integrated multi-line feed network is characterized by sequentially comprising a micro-strip power dividing network, a coupling slot layer, a substrate integrated multi-line feed network and a radiation slot layer, wherein electromagnetic waves pass through the micro-strip power dividing network, are coupled to the substrate integrated multi-line feed network through the coupling slot layer and are radiated out through the radiation slot layer; a first dielectric plate is arranged between the radiation gap layer and the substrate integrated multi-line feed network, a second dielectric plate is arranged between the substrate integrated multi-line feed network and the coupling gap layer, and a third dielectric plate is arranged between the coupling gap layer and the microstrip power distribution network.
2. The substrate integrated multi-line feed network-based antenna according to claim 1, wherein the microstrip power dividing network is an one-to-eight microstrip power divider, electromagnetic waves are coupled to the substrate integrated multi-line feed network through the coupling slot layer, and the substrate integrated multi-line feed network serially feeds the radiation slot.
3. The substrate integrated multi-wire feed network based antenna according to claim 1, wherein the substrate integrated multi-wire feed network is an array consisting of a plurality of uniformly distributed substrate integrated dual-wire structures, the substrate integrated dual-wire structure comprises two inner conductors disposed above the second dielectric plate, the two inner conductors are disposed on two sides of the transmission line of the substrate integrated dual-wire structure and coupled in parallel, and metalized shielding holes are disposed on two sides of the inner conductors.
4. The substrate integrated multi-wire feed network-based antenna according to claim 3, wherein a gap is left between adjacent substrate integrated dual-wire structures on the same side of the transmission line, a radiation gap is correspondingly arranged above the first dielectric plate, and a plurality of uniformly distributed radiation gaps form a gap antenna array.
5. The substrate integrated multiline feed network based antenna of claim 4 wherein adjacent antennas in the slot antenna array are spaced apart at a guided wavelength such that the slot antenna array radiates in phase horizontally.
6. The substrate integrated multiline feed network based antenna of claim 4 wherein the last antenna in the slot antenna array is three quarter guided wave wavelengths from the termination and the termination is a short circuit.
7. The substrate integrated multi-wire feed network based antenna according to claim 4, wherein a stub is loaded on the transmission line corresponding to the gap between two adjacent inner conductors to perturb the lateral current of the metal surface of the radiating gap layer.
8. The substrate integrated multi-wire feed network based antenna according to claim 7, wherein the stub is a short-circuited stub.
9. The substrate integrated multi-wire feed network based antenna according to claim 3, wherein the electric fields excited by the coupling slots on the two adjacent substrate integrated dual-wire structures are equal in amplitude and opposite in phase, so as to ensure in-phase radiation of the antenna in the vertical direction.
10. The substrate integrated multi-wire feed network based antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are laminated by an adhesive layer.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112436294A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-02 | 东南大学 | Millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarization common-aperture antenna with high isolation and low profile |
| CN113690594A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave high-gain plane caliber antenna applied to Doppler radar |
| CN115621722A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-17 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司扬州供电分公司 | Substrate integrated double-line feed log-periodic dipole antenna and processing method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112436294A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-02 | 东南大学 | Millimeter wave dual-frequency dual-polarization common-aperture antenna with high isolation and low profile |
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| CN113690594A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-23 | 华南理工大学 | Millimeter wave high-gain plane caliber antenna applied to Doppler radar |
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