CN111370146B - Reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant - Google Patents
Reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant Download PDFInfo
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- CN111370146B CN111370146B CN202010187180.4A CN202010187180A CN111370146B CN 111370146 B CN111370146 B CN 111370146B CN 202010187180 A CN202010187180 A CN 202010187180A CN 111370146 B CN111370146 B CN 111370146B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
- G21C3/12—Means forming part of the element for locating it within the reactor core
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant, which comprises a reactor vessel, wherein an in-reactor component is arranged in the reactor vessel, the in-reactor component comprises a metal in-reactor component and a graphite component, the graphite component is arranged in the metal in-reactor component, a spherical fuel assembly is arranged in the graphite component, a channel is simultaneously arranged for control rods, in-reactor measurement and material replacement, and the graphite component is detachably connected with the upper surrounding barrel assembly and the reactor core surrounding barrel assembly. The invention enables the metal internals to contain and position the graphite component by improving the structure between the metal internals and the graphite component, and effectively solves the problem of displacement between the graphite component and the metal component caused by large difference of linear expansion coefficients between the graphite component and the metal material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of reactors, in particular to a reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant.
Background
The high-temperature coolant is one of the index of the fourth generation reactor, and the coolant can be liquid metal, molten salt, helium, carbon dioxide and the like. The high-temperature coolant and the spherical fuel have the characteristics of good economy, high safety, sustainable development and the like, and simultaneously have a plurality of technical difficulties.
A graphite structural member is arranged in the high-temperature reactor adopting spherical fuel, and graphite not only serves as a reflecting layer and a moderator, but also serves as a structural member. Graphite has bulk property, density is smaller than that of a coolant, linear expansion coefficient is greatly different from that of a metal material, problems of measurement, control rod guiding, rod dropping, loading and unloading and the like are also considered, and high requirements are provided for the design of a reactor structure. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high temperature coolant. .
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant, which enables a metal internals to contain and position a graphite member by improving the structure between the metal internals and the graphite member, and effectively solves the problem of displacement between the graphite member and the metal member caused by large difference of linear expansion coefficients between the graphite member and a metal material.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant comprises a reactor vessel, wherein an in-reactor component is arranged in the reactor vessel, the in-reactor component comprises a metal in-reactor component and a graphite component, the graphite component is arranged in the metal in-reactor component, a spherical fuel assembly is arranged in the graphite component, and channels are simultaneously formed for control rods, in-reactor measurement and material replacement;
the graphite component comprises an upper filling graphite layer, an upper reflecting graphite layer and a lower reflecting graphite layer which are arranged from top to bottom along the axial direction of the whole reactor internal component, a side reflecting graphite layer is also arranged between the upper reflecting graphite layer and the lower reflecting graphite layer, the upper filling graphite layer is arranged on the upper reflecting graphite layer, the lower reflecting graphite layer and the side reflecting graphite layer are encircled to form a structure with a spherical cavity, and a coolant discharge pore channel is arranged in the upper filling graphite layer; the graphite component also comprises a lower graphite layer which is arranged in the reactor vessel bottom head and used for reducing the coolant in the reactor;
the upper filling graphite layer is arranged in an upper enclosing cylinder of the upper enclosing cylinder assembly, and the upper filling graphite layer and the upper enclosing cylinder assembly are locked and positioned along the axial direction of the reactor internals; go up reflection graphite layer, side reflection graphite layer and reflection graphite layer down and all set up in the reactor core surrounding barrel of reactor core surrounding barrel subassembly, go up reflection graphite layer, side reflection graphite layer all with the reactor core surrounding barrel subassembly along the circumferential direction locking location setting of internals, lower reflection graphite layer and reactor core surrounding barrel subassembly along the circumferential direction and the axial direction locking location setting of internals.
The locking and positioning device is characterized in that the upper filling graphite layer and the upper enclosing cylinder assembly are locked and positioned along the axial direction of the reactor inner component, a pressure plate is arranged in the upper enclosing cylinder assembly, the upper filling graphite layer is arranged below the pressure plate, and a first axial positioning device is arranged between the pressure plate and the upper filling graphite layer.
The locking and positioning device is characterized in that an upper filling graphite layer and an upper enclosing barrel assembly are arranged along the axial direction of a pile inner member, a compression plate is arranged in the upper enclosing barrel assembly, the upper filling graphite layer is arranged under the compression plate, the upper filling graphite layer is divided into a plurality of layers along the circumferential direction of the pile inner member, a plurality of groups of upper filling graphite blocks are radially arranged along the pile inner member, a plurality of compression blocks are further arranged between the upper filling graphite layer and the compression plate, the plurality of compression blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the pile inner member and correspond to the positions of the plurality of groups of upper filling graphite blocks one by one, a second axial positioning device is arranged between the compression plate and each compression block, a second axial downward positioning device is arranged between each compression block and each group of upper filling graphite blocks, and each group of upper filling graphite blocks are in clearance fit through the second axial downward positioning devices.
Go up reflection graphite layer, lower reflection graphite layer, side reflection graphite layer all with the reactor core surrounding barrel subassembly along the circumferential direction locking location setting of internals specifically do, be provided with more than 2 along the axial about interval parallel arrangement's circumference spacing layer on the reactor core surrounding barrel inner wall, circumference spacing layer comprises a plurality of circumference locating parts along reactor core surrounding barrel inner wall circumference setting, the graphite layer of the corresponding position of circumference spacing layer locking location more than 2.
The upper reflection graphite layer, the lower reflection graphite layer and the side reflection graphite layer are equally divided into a plurality of layers and equally divided into a plurality of groups, and the locking and positioning are realized between the inner wall of the reactor core surrounding barrel and each graphite block through the clearance fit of the circumferential limiting pieces.
The reactor core shroud assembly further comprises a reactor core bottom plate arranged below the reactor core shroud, a plurality of second upper positioning keys are arranged on the upper portion of the reactor core bottom plate along the circumferential direction, and the second upper positioning keys are in clearance fit with the bottom of the lower reflection graphite layer.
The reactor also comprises a charging system and a refueling system, wherein the charging system comprises a fuel sphere injection pipe extending into the graphite component, the lower end of the fuel sphere injection pipe extends into the bottom of the lower reflection graphite layer, and the refueling system comprises a fuel sphere output pipe extending into the reactor vessel from the upper part of the reactor vessel.
The reactor vessel is provided with a reactor top structure, the reactor top structure comprises chucks and a pull rod, the pull rod is installed on the two chucks, and the pull rod is connected with a plurality of I-type driving mechanisms and a plurality of II-type driving mechanisms. Type I and type II drive mechanisms are known in the art.
The upper end of the metal pile internal member is provided with a plurality of limiting structures along the circumferential direction, the limiting structures are T-shaped structures and are fixed on the inner wall of the metal pile internal member cylinder body in a mechanical connection or welding mode through fasteners.
And a lower pressing part is connected below the reactor core bottom plate and arranged on the lower graphite layer to press the lower graphite layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention enables the metal internals to contain and position the graphite component by improving the structure between the metal internals and the graphite component, and effectively solves the problem of displacement between the graphite component and the metal component caused by large difference of linear expansion coefficients between the graphite component and the metal material.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a spherical fuel high temperature coolant reactor configuration;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a spherical fuel high temperature coolant reactor configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a metal internals;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the metal internals A-A.
Wherein, the part names corresponding to the reference numbers are as follows:
in the figure:
1-fuel spheres; 2-control rod;
3-reactor vessel, 401-metal internals, 4011-upper shroud assembly, 4011-1-hold-down block, 4011-2-limit structure, 4011-3-second axial positioning device, 4011-4-second axial positioning device, 4012-core shroud assembly, 4012-1-core shroud, 4012-2-circumferential limit piece, 4012-3-core bottom plate, 4012-4-second upper positioning key, 4012-5-second lower positioning key, 4014-lower hold-down part, 4015-control rod thimble, 4016-fuel sphere injector tube;
402-graphite member, 4021-1-upper filling graphite layer, 4021-2-upper reflecting graphite layer, 4021-3-side reflecting graphite layer, 4021-4-lower reflecting graphite layer, 4022-lower graphite layer, 403-coolant discharge port
5-type I drive mechanism; 6-type II drive mechanism; 7-a charging system; 8, a material changing system; 901-supporting beam, 902-transverse limiting beam; 10-pile top structure, 1001-chuck, 1002-tie rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant is composed of fuel spheres 1, control rods 2, a reactor vessel 3, an in-reactor component 4, an I-type driving mechanism 5, a II-type driving mechanism 6, a loading system 7, a refueling system 8, a support beam 901, a transverse limit beam 902, a 10-reactor roof structure 10 and other devices. The reactor vessel 3 is internally provided with an in-reactor component 4, the in-reactor component 4 comprises a metal in-reactor component 401 and a graphite component 402, wherein the graphite component 402 is arranged in the metal in-reactor component 401, the graphite component 402 internally contains the spherical fuel assembly 1 and simultaneously opens a channel for the control rod 2, the in-reactor measurement and charging system 7 and the refueling system 8. The upper part and the lower part of a cylinder body of the reactor vessel 3 are respectively provided with a plurality of supporting beams 901 and transverse limiting beams 902 which are symmetrically arranged, the top of the reactor vessel 3 is provided with an I-shaped driving mechanism 5, an II-shaped driving mechanism 6, a charging system 7 and a material changing system 8 at specified positions according to design requirements, wherein the I-shaped driving mechanism 5 and the II-shaped driving mechanism 6 are fixed through a reactor roof structure 10; the reactor vessel 3 is internally provided with internals which comprise metal internals 401 and graphite components 402, wherein the graphite components 402 are arranged in the metal internals 401, spherical fuel assemblies are arranged in the graphite components 402 and simultaneously provide channels for control rods 2, in-reactor measurement and refueling, the graphite components 402 and the metal internals 401 comprise an upper surrounding barrel assembly 4011 arranged at the upper part and a reactor core surrounding barrel assembly 4012 arranged below the upper surrounding barrel component, and the upper surrounding barrel assembly 4011 and the reactor core surrounding barrel assembly 4012 are detachably connected;
the graphite member 402 comprises an upper filling graphite layer 4021-1, an upper reflecting graphite layer 4021-2 and a lower reflecting graphite layer 4021-4 which are arranged from top to bottom along the axial direction of the whole in-pile member, a side reflecting graphite layer 4021-3 is also arranged between the upper reflecting graphite layer 4021-2 and the lower reflecting graphite layer 4021-4, the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1 is arranged on the upper reflecting graphite layer 4021-2, the lower reflecting graphite layer 4021-4 and the side reflecting graphite layer 4021-3 are enclosed to form a structure with a spherical cavity, and a coolant injection pore channel 403 is formed in the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1; the graphite member 402 also includes a lower graphite layer 4022 disposed within the bottom head of the reactor vessel 3 for reducing coolant within the reactor;
the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1 is arranged in an upper surrounding cylinder of the upper surrounding cylinder assembly 4011, and the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1 and the upper surrounding cylinder assembly 4011 are locked and positioned along the axial direction of the reactor internals; the upper reflection graphite layer 4021-2, the side reflection graphite layer 4021-3 and the lower reflection graphite layer 4021-4 are all arranged in a reactor core shroud 4012-1 of a reactor core shroud assembly 4012, the upper reflection graphite layer 4021-2, the side reflection graphite layer 4021-3 and the reactor core shroud assembly 4012 are locked and positioned along the circumferential direction of the reactor internals, and the lower reflection graphite layer 4021-4 and the reactor core shroud assembly 4012 are locked and positioned along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the reactor internals.
One way of implementing the locking positioning in the axial direction is as follows:
a compression plate is arranged in the upper surrounding barrel assembly 4011, the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1 is arranged below the compression plate, and a positioning structure is arranged between the compression plate and the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1. Such as alignment keys or alignment pins.
The specific implementation of the locking and positioning arrangement of the upper reflection graphite layer 4021-2, the lower reflection graphite layer 4021-4, the side reflection graphite layer 4021-3 and the reactor core shroud assembly 4012 along the circumferential direction of the reactor internals can be that more than 2 circumferential limiting layers which are axially arranged in parallel at intervals up and down are arranged on the inner wall of the reactor core shroud 4012-1, each circumferential limiting layer is composed of a plurality of circumferential limiting pieces 4012-2 which are circumferentially arranged along the inner wall of the reactor core shroud 4012-1, and more than 2 circumferential limiting layers are locked and positioned on the graphite layers at corresponding positions. The circumferential stop 4012-2 may be a detent key or a detent pin.
The specific implementation of the locking and positioning arrangement of the lower reflecting graphite layer 4021-4 and the core shroud assembly 4012 along the axial direction of the reactor internals can be that the core shroud assembly 4012 further comprises a core bottom plate 4012-3 arranged below the core shroud 4012-1, the upper part of the core bottom plate 4012-3 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of second upper positioning keys 4012-4, and the second upper positioning keys 4012-4 are in clearance fit with the bottoms of the lower reflecting graphite layers 4021-4.
Example 2
Similar to example 1, except for another way of implementing the axial direction locking positioning:
a compression plate is arranged in the upper surrounding barrel assembly 4011, the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1 is arranged below the compression plate, the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1 is uniformly divided into a plurality of layers along the circumferential direction of the reactor internals, a plurality of groups of upper filling graphite blocks are arranged along the radial direction of the reactor internals, a plurality of compression blocks 4011-1 are also arranged between the upper filling graphite layer 4021-1 and the compression plate, the compression blocks 4011-1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the reactor internals and correspond to the positions of the plurality of groups of upper filling graphite blocks one by one, a second axial upper positioning device 4011-3 is arranged between the compression plate and each compression block 4011-1, the compression plate and each compression block 4011-1 are in clearance fit through a second axial upper positioning device 4011-3, and a second axial lower positioning device 4011-4 is arranged between each compression block 4011-1 and each group of upper filling graphite blocks, the pressing blocks 4011-1 and the graphite blocks filled in each group are in clearance fit through second axial downward positioning devices 4011-4.
The second axial up positioning devices 4011-3 and the second axial down positioning devices 4011-4 may be positioning keys, positioning pins, etc.
Example 3
In specific implementation, the upper reflecting graphite layer 4021-2, the lower reflecting graphite layer 4021-4 and the side reflecting graphite layers 4021-3 are divided into a plurality of layers and equally divided into a plurality of groups, and the inner wall of the reactor core shroud 4012-1 is in clearance fit with each graphite block through the circumferential limiting pieces 4012-2 to realize locking and positioning.
Example 4
In order to further improve the axial positioning of the lower reflecting graphite layers 4021 to 4, second lower positioning keys 4012 to 5 are arranged at the edges of the reactor core bottom plates 4012 to 3 along the circumferential direction, the upper parts of the second lower positioning keys 4012 to 5 are clamped with the lower reflecting graphite layers 4021 to 4, and the purpose of assisting the axial positioning of the lower reflecting graphite layers 4021 to 4 is achieved.
The lower part of the core bottom plate 4012-3 is further provided with a lower hold-down portion 4014, and the lower hold-down portion 4014 is provided on the lower graphite layer 4022 to hold down the lower graphite layer 4022.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the upper end of the metal internals 401 is provided with a plurality of limiting structures 4011-2 along the circumferential direction, and the limiting structures 4011-2 are T-shaped structures and are fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder body of the metal internals 401 by mechanical connection or welding through fasteners.
The reactor structure further includes a charging system 7 and a refueling system 8, the charging system 7 including fuel sphere injection tubes 4016 extending into the graphite members 402, the lower ends of the fuel sphere injection tubes 4016 extending into the bottoms of the lower reflective graphite layers 4021-4, and the refueling system 8 including fuel sphere 1 outlet tubes extending into the reactor vessel 3 from above the reactor vessel. When fuel spheres 1 are charged, the fuel spheres 1 enter a reactor core from bottom to top along the bottom of the lower reflecting graphite layer 4021-4 of the fuel sphere injection pipe 4016 and along a coolant inlet, the density of the fuel spheres 1 is lower than that of the coolant and floats on the liquid level, and the fuel spheres 1 are fished from the upper part of the liquid level by the refueling system 8 and then run out of the reactor.
The reactor vessel 3 is provided with a reactor top structure 10, the reactor top structure 10 comprises a chuck 1001 and a pull rod 1002, the pull rod 1002 is installed on the chuck 1001, and the pull rod 1002 is connected with a plurality of I-type driving mechanisms 5 and a plurality of II-type driving mechanisms 6 to form a rigid whole. The two driving mechanisms drive the control rods 2 to lift, descend and drop in the control rod sleeve 4015, so that the pneumatic, power regulation, power maintenance and safe shutdown of the reactor are realized. The I-type drive mechanism 5 is a ball nut screw drive mechanism. The type II driving mechanism 6 is a gear rack driving mechanism.
A plurality of support beams 901 perpendicular to the axial direction are circumferentially provided on the outer wall of the upper end of the reactor vessel 3, and a plurality of lateral stopper beams 902 perpendicular to the axial direction are circumferentially provided on the outer wall of the lower end thereof. The support beams 901 and the lateral restraint beams 902 restrain the reactor vessel 3. Both the support beams 901 and the transverse restraining beams 902 are also fixedly arranged in the concrete.
The I-type driving mechanism 5, the II-type driving mechanism 6, the charging system 7 and the refueling system 8 are supported and positioned by the top cover assembly of the reactor vessel 3 corresponding to the tube seats. The reactor internals adopt a sitting structure, and a plurality of bearing blocks are welded on the inner wall of the lower end of the container assembly of the reactor container 3 along the circumference for supporting and positioning the reactor internals. The four supporting blocks are provided with positioning key slots, the positions of the four supporting blocks are uniformly distributed, and the four supporting blocks are positioned by clearance fit with the lower end of the reactor internals.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant comprises a reactor vessel (3), wherein an in-reactor component is arranged in the reactor vessel (3), the in-reactor component comprises a metal in-reactor component (401) and a graphite component (402), wherein the graphite component (402) is arranged in the metal in-reactor component (401), a spherical fuel assembly is arranged in the graphite component (402), and channels are simultaneously formed for control rods (2), in-reactor measurement and material replacement, and the graphite component (402) is characterized in that the metal in-reactor component (401) comprises an upper surrounding barrel assembly (4011) arranged on the upper part and a reactor core surrounding barrel assembly (4012) arranged below the upper surrounding barrel component, and the upper surrounding barrel assembly (4011) and the reactor core surrounding barrel assembly (4012) are detachably connected;
the graphite member (402) comprises an upper filling graphite layer (4021-1), an upper reflecting graphite layer (4021-2) and a lower reflecting graphite layer (4021-4) which are arranged from top to bottom along the axial direction of the whole in-pile member, a side reflecting graphite layer (4021-3) is further arranged between the upper reflecting graphite layer (4021-2) and the lower reflecting graphite layer (4021-4), the upper filling graphite layer (4021-1) is arranged on the upper reflecting graphite layer (4021-2), the lower reflecting graphite layer (4021-4) and the side reflecting graphite layer (4021-3) are enclosed to form a structure with a spherical cavity, and a coolant discharge pore channel (403) is formed in the upper filling graphite layer (4021-1); the graphite member (402) further comprises a lower graphite layer (4022) disposed within the reactor vessel (3) bottom head for reducing coolant within the reactor;
the upper filling graphite layer (4021-1) is arranged in an upper surrounding cylinder of the upper surrounding cylinder assembly (4011), and the upper filling graphite layer (4021-1) and the upper surrounding cylinder assembly (4011) are locked and positioned along the axial direction of the reactor internals; the upper reflection graphite layer (4021-2), the side reflection graphite layer (4021-3) and the lower reflection graphite layer (4021-4) are all arranged in a reactor core shroud (4012-1) of a reactor core shroud assembly (4012), the upper reflection graphite layer (4021-2), the side reflection graphite layer (4021-3) and the reactor core shroud assembly (4012) are locked and positioned along the circumferential direction of the reactor internals, and the lower reflection graphite layer (4021-4) and the reactor core shroud assembly (4012) are locked and positioned along the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the reactor internals;
the locking and positioning arrangement of the upper filling graphite layer (4021-1) and the upper surrounding barrel assembly (4011) along the axial direction of the reactor internals is characterized in that a compression plate is arranged in the upper surrounding barrel assembly (4011), the upper filling graphite layer (4021-1) is arranged below the compression plate, the upper filling graphite layer (4021-1) is uniformly divided into a plurality of layers along the circumferential direction of the reactor internals, a plurality of groups of upper filling graphite blocks are arranged along the radial direction of the reactor internals, a plurality of compression blocks (4011-1) are also arranged between the upper filling graphite layer (4021-1) and the compression plate, the plurality of compression blocks (4011-1) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the reactor internals and correspond to the positions of the plurality of groups of upper filling graphite blocks one by one, a second axial positioning device (4011-3) is arranged between the compression plate and each compression block (4011-1), and each compression block (4011-1) are in clearance fit through the second axial positioning device (4011-3), a second axial downward positioning device (4011-4) is arranged between each compaction block (4011-1) and each group of graphite blocks filled in, and the compaction blocks (4011-1) and each group of graphite blocks filled in are in clearance fit through the second axial downward positioning devices (4011-4).
2. The reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper graphite filling layer (4021-1) and the upper shroud assembly (4011) are locked and positioned along the axial direction of the reactor internals, and specifically, a pressure plate is arranged in the upper shroud assembly (4011), the upper graphite filling layer (4021-1) is arranged below the pressure plate, and a first axial positioning device is arranged between the pressure plate and the upper graphite filling layer (4021-1).
3. The reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper reflective graphite layer (4021-2), the lower reflective graphite layer (4021-4), the side reflective graphite layer (4021-3) and the core shroud assembly (4012) are locked and positioned along the circumferential direction of the reactor internals, and specifically, more than 2 circumferential limit layers are arranged on the inner wall of the core shroud (4012-1) and are axially arranged in parallel at intervals up and down, each circumferential limit layer is composed of a plurality of circumferential limit pieces (4012-2) arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the core shroud (4012-1), and more than 2 circumferential limit layers are locked and positioned on the graphite layers at corresponding positions.
4. The reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper reflecting graphite layer (4021-2), the side reflecting graphite layer (4021-3) and the side reflecting graphite layer (4021-3) form a hollow cylinder, the hollow cylinder is axially and equally divided into a plurality of annular stacked layers, each annular graphite layer is radially and equally divided into the same number of sectors and is symmetrical, and locking positioning is realized between the inner wall of the reactor core surrounding barrel (4012-1) and each graphite block through a circumferential limiting piece (4012-2) in clearance fit.
5. The reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core shroud assembly (4012) further comprises a core bottom plate (4012-3) disposed below the core shroud (4012-1), a plurality of second upper positioning keys (4012-4) are circumferentially disposed on an upper portion of the core bottom plate (4012-3), and the second upper positioning keys (4012-4) are in clearance fit with bottoms of the lower reflecting graphite layers (4021-4).
6. The reactor structure for spherical fuel and high temperature coolant as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a charging system (7) and a refueling system (8), the charging system (7) comprising fuel sphere injection tubes (4016) extending into the graphite members (402), the fuel sphere injection tubes (4016) having lower ends extending into bottoms of the lower reflective graphite layers (4021-4), the refueling system (8) comprising fuel sphere (1) outlet tubes extending into the reactor vessel (3) from above the reactor vessel.
7. The reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant according to claim 1, characterized in that a reactor vessel (3) is provided with a reactor roof structure (10), the reactor roof structure (10) comprises chucks (1001) and a pull rod (1002), the pull rod (1002) is mounted on the two chucks (1001), and the pull rod (1002) is connected with a plurality of type I driving mechanisms (5) and a plurality of type II driving mechanisms (6).
8. The reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper end of the metal reactor internals (401) is provided with a plurality of limiting structures (4011-2) along the circumferential direction, and the limiting structures (4011-2) are T-shaped structures and are fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder body of the metal reactor internals (401) through mechanical connection or welding of fasteners.
9. The reactor structure suitable for spherical fuel and high-temperature coolant as claimed in claim 5, wherein a lower hold-down portion (4014) is further connected below the core bottom plate (4012-3), and the lower hold-down portion (4014) is provided on the lower graphite layer (4022) to hold down the lower graphite layer (4022).
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