CN110853775B - Multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooling reactor and management method - Google Patents
Multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooling reactor and management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110853775B CN110853775B CN201911148880.6A CN201911148880A CN110853775B CN 110853775 B CN110853775 B CN 110853775B CN 201911148880 A CN201911148880 A CN 201911148880A CN 110853775 B CN110853775 B CN 110853775B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
- G21C3/60—Metallic fuel; Intermetallic dispersions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/19—Reactor parts specifically adapted to facilitate handling, e.g. to facilitate charging or discharging of fuel elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
- G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
- G21C3/326—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements comprising fuel elements of different composition; comprising, in addition to the fuel elements, other pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped elements, e.g. control rods, grid support rods, fertile rods, poison rods or dummy rods
- G21C3/3262—Enrichment distribution in zones
- G21C3/3265—Radial distribution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooling reactor and a management method thereof, wherein the reactor core structure of the reactor is an integral honeycomb regular hexagon assembly channel, the channel comprises an internal fuel assembly channel, an external fuel assembly channel and a control rod assembly channel, the internal fuel assembly channel, the external fuel assembly channel and the control rod assembly channel are provided with a plurality of fuel assemblies in the axial direction, the external fuel assembly channel is arranged at the periphery of the internal fuel assembly channel, the control rod assembly channel and the internal fuel assembly channel are arranged in a cross mode, the upper end and the lower end of the internal fuel assembly channel are provided with low-cost natural uranium fuel assemblies, and the middle of the internal fuel assembly channel is provided with enriched uranium fuel assemblies. The invention solves the problems of large fuel loading capacity, high enrichment degree, low utilization rate and the like of the core of the existing metal cooling reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactors, in particular to a multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooling reactor and a management method.
Background
The liquid metal cooling reactor adopts closed fuel circulation, has good development potential, higher safety and economy in the aspects of nuclear waste transmutation and nuclear fuel proliferation, and belongs to an IV-generation advanced nuclear energy system. At present, relatively perfect liquid metal cooling fast reactor schemes are as follows: the method comprises the following steps of American sodium-cooled fast reactor SMFR, Japanese sodium-cooled fast reactor JSFR, Russian sodium-cooled fast reactor BN600, Chinese sodium-cooled fast reactor CFR600, Russian lead-based fast reactor SVBR-75/100, European lead-cooled fast reactor ELSY and the like. As the liquid metal reactor adopts strong neutron absorption stainless steel as a cladding material and a fast neutron energy spectrum, the reactor core needs larger fuel loading and higher enrichment degree to maintain the reactor core in a critical state which is far higher than a pressurized water reactor or a boiling water reactor with the same power scale, and the economy and market competitiveness of the liquid metal cooling reactor are seriously influenced. Therefore, it is very necessary to search a better liquid metal cooled reactor design method, improve the fuel utilization rate, reduce the loading of the enriched uranium fuel, and enhance the fuel economy and market competitiveness of the liquid metal cooled reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooling reactor, which adopts natural uranium fuel to replace part of enriched uranium fuel so as to solve the problems of large enriched uranium fuel loading capacity, low fuel economy and the like of the existing liquid metal cooling reactor. Under the condition of ensuring design parameters such as reactor core power, linear power density and the like, the utilization rate of fuel is improved, the fuel loading capacity and the enrichment degree are reduced, the fuel economy is improved, and the fuel cost is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the mixed loading metal cooling reactor of polymorphic type fuel assembly, the reactor core structure of reactor is integral honeycomb regular hexagon subassembly passageway, the passageway includes inside fuel assembly passageway, outside fuel assembly passageway, control rod assembly passageway, inside fuel assembly passageway, outside fuel assembly passageway, control rod assembly passageway are provided with many box fuel assemblies in the axial, outside fuel assembly passageway sets up at inside fuel assembly passageway peripherally, control rod assembly passageway and inside fuel assembly passageway cross arrangement, all arrange natural uranium fuel assembly in the outside fuel assembly passageway, natural uranium fuel assembly, the middle enriched uranium fuel assembly that arranges are arranged to the upper end and the lower extreme of inside fuel assembly passageway.
The periphery, the top and the bottom of the reactor core are low-power boundary regions, and the center of the reactor core is a high-power region.
According to the invention, low-cost natural uranium fuel assemblies are arranged in low-power regions such as the periphery, the bottom and the top of the reactor core to replace high-cost enriched uranium fuel assemblies, the enriched uranium fuel assemblies are discharged from the reactor core after multiple cycles, and the enriched uranium fuel assemblies are arranged in the internal region, and after a single cycle, high-burnup fuel assemblies are discharged, and then a corresponding number of enriched uranium fuel assemblies are loaded, so that the loading capacity of new assemblies and enriched uranium assemblies is greatly reduced, and the fuel utilization rate and the economical efficiency are remarkably improved. Therefore, the invention improves the utilization efficiency of fuel, reduces the fuel loading capacity and the fuel enrichment degree, and solves the problems of large fuel loading capacity, high enrichment degree, low fuel utilization rate and the like of the conventional liquid metal cooling reactor core.
Further, the outside of integral honeycomb regular hexagon subassembly passageway sets up integral metal reflection stratum, reduces neutron and leaks, improves neutron economy, reduces fuel consumption, the bottom of integral honeycomb regular hexagon subassembly passageway is provided with flow distributor, improves inside high enrichment fuel assembly's coolant flux, reduces outside natural uranium fuel assembly's coolant flux to improve reactor operation security.
The integral metal reflecting layer is used for maintaining the shape of the core assembly channel, and the flow distributor distributes the coolant at the bottom of the regular hexagonal assembly channel, so that the temperature of the coolant in a high-power-density region of the reactor core is effectively controlled.
Further, the total height of the natural uranium fuel assembly and the enriched uranium fuel assembly is the same and is less than or equal to 0.5 m.
The fuel rod that natural uranium fuel assembly and enrichment uranium fuel assembly used is shorter promptly, does benefit to the installation and the fixing of fuel rod, can simplify the fuel assembly structure by a wide margin and improve the design flexibility of reactor core loading scheme.
Further, natural uranium fuel assembly and enriched uranium fuel assembly are all including being last locating rack and the lower locating rack that upper and lower symmetry set up, go up the locating rack and connect through the stay tube down between the locating rack, go up the locating rack and be provided with a plurality of fuel rods down between the locating rack, fuel rod, stay tube are arranged according to the regular triangle grid, constitute hexagon fuel assembly.
The fuel assembly adopts shorter fuel rods, radial and axial positioning is carried out by utilizing the supporting tubes and the positioning frames at two ends, the distance between the adjacent fuel rods can be freely adjusted within the range of 0.8-3.0 mm, and the structure of the fuel assembly is greatly simplified.
Furthermore, in order to ensure the stability of the geometric shape of the fuel assembly, the supporting tube is arranged at 6 corner points and the central point of the fuel assembly and plays a role in positioning the fuel assembly, and the wall thickness of the supporting tube is 1.0-3.0 mm.
According to the invention, the natural uranium fuel assemblies with low cost are arranged in the low-power regions such as the periphery, the bottom and the top of the reactor core, and can be discharged from the reactor core after a plurality of cycles, so that the usage amount of the fuel assemblies is further reduced, and the high-cost enriched uranium fuel assemblies are arranged in the internal region, so that the utilization efficiency of the fuel is improved.
A method for managing a multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooled reactor, comprising the steps of:
1) and fuel assembly arrangement: arranging N boxes of natural uranium fuel assemblies in the external fuel assembly channel; natural uranium fuel assemblies are arranged at two ends of the internal fuel assembly channel, enriched uranium fuel assemblies are arranged in the middle of the internal fuel assembly channel, and N box fuel assemblies are shared; the control rod assembly channel is provided with an N box control rod assembly;
2) and discharging the fuel assembly after circulation: the enriched uranium fuel assemblies, which are arranged in the high power region of the core, are discharged from the core after undergoing a single or two fuel cycles and loaded with a corresponding number of enriched uranium fuel assemblies, while the natural uranium fuel assemblies, which are arranged in the low power region of the core, are discharged from the core after undergoing a plurality of fuel cycles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the natural uranium fuel assemblies with low cost are arranged in the low-power regions such as the periphery, the bottom and the top of the reactor core, and are discharged from the reactor core after multiple cycles, so that the usage amount of the fuel assemblies is reduced, the enriched uranium fuel assemblies with high cost are arranged in the internal region, and after single cycle, the fuel assemblies with high fuel consumption are discharged, and then the corresponding amount of enriched uranium fuel assemblies without fuel consumption are loaded, so that the loading amount of new assemblies and enriched uranium assemblies is greatly reduced, and the fuel utilization rate and the economical efficiency are obviously improved. Therefore, the invention improves the utilization efficiency of fuel, reduces the fuel loading capacity and the enrichment degree, and solves the problems of large fuel loading capacity, high enrichment degree, low fuel utilization rate and the like of the conventional liquid metal cooling reactor core.
2. The fuel assembly adopts shorter fuel rods, and radial and axial positioning of the fuel assembly is carried out by utilizing the support tubes and the positioning frames at the two ends, so that the structure of the fuel assembly is greatly simplified, and the design flexibility of a reactor core scheme is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a radial schematic view of a hexagonal fuel assembly;
FIG. 2 is an axial schematic view of a hexagonal fuel assembly;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a core passageway and loading arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an internal passage fuel assembly arrangement;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a peripheral channel fuel assembly layout.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-fuel rod, 2-support tube, 3-upper locating rack, 4-lower locating rack, 5-external fuel assembly channel, 6-internal fuel assembly channel, 7-control rod assembly channel, 8-integral metal reflecting layer, 9-natural uranium fuel assembly, 10-enriched uranium fuel assembly, and 11-flow distributor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in figures 1 to 5, the multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooling reactor has a core structure of an integral honeycomb-shaped regular hexagon assembly channel, and the core structure of the reactor comprises 253 hexagonal channelsThe fuel assembly comprises 132 internal fuel assembly channels 6(B type channels), 102 external fuel assembly channels 5(A type channels) and 19 control rod assembly channels 7, wherein the coolant flow of the external fuel assembly channels 5(A type channels) is about 20 percent of that of the internal fuel assembly channels 6(B type channels), the coolant flow is relatively low, the control rod assembly channels 7 are in an 'outside and inside circular' shape, the inner diameter is 135mm, the center distance between adjacent hexagonal channels is 139mm, and the wall thicknesses of the internal fuel assembly channels 6, the external fuel assembly channels 5 and the control rod assembly channels 7 are all 2.0 mm. Inside fuel assembly passageway 6, outside fuel assembly passageway 5, control rod assembly passageway 7 are provided with 5 box fuel assemblies in the axial, outside fuel assembly passageway 5 sets up in inside fuel assembly passageway 6 peripherally, control rod assembly passageway 7 and inside fuel assembly passageway 6 cross arrangement, outside fuel assembly passageway 5 arranges 5 and natural uranium fuel assembly 9, natural uranium fuel assembly 9 is arranged to the upper end and the lower extreme of inside fuel assembly passageway 6, 3 box enriched uranium fuel assemblies 10 are arranged in the middle of arranging, among the enriched uranium fuel assemblies 10235The enrichment degree of U is less than or equal to 16 percent; the outer side of the integral honeycomb regular hexagon component channel is provided with an integral metal reflecting layer 8, the average thickness of the integral metal reflecting layer 8 is 150mm, the reactor core structure and the reflecting layer are made of stainless steel, and the bottom of the integral honeycomb regular hexagon component channel is provided with a flow distributor 11; the total heights of the natural uranium fuel assembly 9 and the enriched uranium fuel assembly 10 are the same and are less than or equal to 0.5 m; the natural uranium fuel assembly 9 and the enriched uranium fuel assembly 10 both comprise an upper locating rack 3 and a lower locating rack 4 which are arranged up and down symmetrically, the upper locating rack 3 and the lower locating rack 4 are connected through a supporting tube 2, a plurality of fuel rods 1 are arranged between the upper locating rack 3 and the lower locating rack 4, and the fuel rods 1 and the supporting tubes 2 are arranged according to a regular triangle grid to form a hexagonal fuel assembly; the support tubes 2 are arranged at 6 corner points and a central point of the fuel assembly; the thickness of the tube wall of the support tube 2 is 1.0 mm-3.0 mm.
A method for managing a multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooled reactor as described in embodiment 1, comprising the steps of:
1) and combustion of coalArranging a material component: the external fuel assembly channel 5 is provided with 5 boxes of natural uranium fuel assemblies 9; two ends of the internal fuel assembly channel 6 are respectively provided with 1 natural uranium fuel assembly 9 and the middle is provided with 3 enriched uranium fuel assemblies 10,235the U enrichment degree is 16%, and 5 fuel assemblies are used; the control rod assembly channel 7 is provided with 5 boxes of control rod assemblies, and the reactor core is loaded with 396 boxes of enriched uranium fuel assemblies;
2) and discharging the fuel assembly after circulation: the enriched uranium fuel assemblies 10 arranged in the high power region of the core are discharged from the core after undergoing a single or two fuel cycles, specifically, the enriched uranium fuel assemblies 10 in the center undergo a single cycle, namely, are discharged from the core, the rest enriched uranium fuel assemblies 10 reach the burnup limit value, namely, are discharged from the core, and are loaded with a corresponding number of enriched uranium fuel assemblies 10, while the natural uranium fuel assemblies 9 arranged in the low power region of the core undergo a plurality of fuel cycles, and are discharged from the core after reaching the service life, and the detailed parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 liquid Metal cooled reactor core principal parameters
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The mixed loading metal cooling reactor of multi-type fuel assembly, characterized in that, the reactor core structure of reactor is the honeycomb regular hexagon subassembly passageway of integral, the passageway includes inside fuel assembly passageway (6), outside fuel assembly passageway (5), control rod assembly passageway (7), inside fuel assembly passageway (6), outside fuel assembly passageway (5), control rod assembly passageway (7) are provided with many box fuel assemblies in the axial, outside fuel assembly passageway (5) set up in inside fuel assembly passageway (6) periphery, control rod assembly passageway (7) and inside fuel assembly passageway (6) cross arrangement, all arrange natural uranium fuel assembly (9) in outside fuel assembly passageway (5), natural uranium fuel assembly (9) are arranged to the upper end and the lower extreme of inside fuel assembly passageway (6), The enriched uranium fuel assembly (10) is arranged in the middle.
2. The multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooled reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer side of the monolithic honeycomb regular hexagon assembly channel is provided with a monolithic metal reflecting layer (8), and the bottom of the monolithic honeycomb regular hexagon assembly channel is provided with a flow distributor (11).
3. The multiple-type fuel assembly mixed-load metal-cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein the total height of the natural uranium fuel assemblies (9) and the enriched uranium fuel assemblies (10) is the same and less than or equal to 0.5 m.
4. The multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooling reactor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the natural uranium fuel assembly (9) and the enriched uranium fuel assembly (10) both comprise an upper locating rack (3) and a lower locating rack (4) which are arranged up and down symmetrically, the upper locating rack (3) and the lower locating rack (4) are connected through a support tube (2), a plurality of fuel rods (1) are arranged between the upper locating rack (3) and the lower locating rack (4), and the fuel rods (1) and the support tube (2) are arranged according to a regular triangular grid to form a hexagonal fuel assembly.
5. The multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooled reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that the support tubes (2) are arranged at 6 corner points and the center point of the fuel assemblies.
6. A method for managing a multi-type fuel assembly mixed loading metal cooled reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) and fuel assembly arrangement: external fuel assembly channel (5) arrangementNA natural uranium fuel cartridge assembly (9); natural uranium fuel assemblies (9) are arranged at two ends of the internal fuel assembly channel (6), and enriched uranium fuel assemblies (10) are arranged in the middle of the internal fuel assembly channelNA cartridge fuel assembly; control rod assembly passage (7) arrangementNA cassette control rod assembly;
2) and discharging the fuel assembly after circulation: enriched uranium fuel assemblies (10) arranged in a high power region of the core are discharged from the core after undergoing a single or two fuel cycles and loaded with a corresponding number of enriched uranium fuel assemblies (10), while natural uranium fuel assemblies (9) arranged in a low power region of the core are discharged from the core after undergoing a plurality of fuel cycles.
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| US20090196391A1 (en) * | 2008-02-06 | 2009-08-06 | Junichi Miwa | Core of a Boiling Water Reactor |
| WO2011015756A1 (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-10 | Areva Np | Method of operating a pressurized-water nuclear reactor for reaching a plutonium equilibrium cycle |
| US10170207B2 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2019-01-01 | Thorium Power, Inc. | Fuel assembly |
| CN107068210B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2021-04-09 | 加拿大原子能有限公司 | Nuclear fuel containing neutron absorber |
| CN103474097B (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2016-08-10 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | High Fast neutron flux reactor core |
| US10032528B2 (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2018-07-24 | Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation | Fully ceramic micro-encapsulated (FCM) fuel for CANDUs and other reactors |
| CN105280256A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-01-27 | 江苏核电有限公司 | Leading fuel assembly mixing reactor core loading method |
| CN106935292B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-11-02 | 中核建中核燃料元件有限公司 | A kind of method of a variety of enriched uranium pellet column lengths in measurement nuclear fuel rod |
| CN108320820B (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2019-09-03 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of 100,000 kilowatts of order reaction heap Nuclear design methods |
| CN108806803B (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2021-08-27 | 三峡大学 | Solid-liquid mixed fuel reactor core |
| CN109994233B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2022-02-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Partial low-leakage loading and reloading method suitable for modular mini-stack |
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