CN101656112B - Follower component driven by driving mechanism in pressure shell and water reactor adopting same - Google Patents
Follower component driven by driving mechanism in pressure shell and water reactor adopting same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of nuclear reactor engineering, in particular to a follower component driven by a driving mechanism in a pressure shell and a water reactor adopting the same. The invention realizes the spectral shift control of a reactor and compansates the decrease of reactivity in a burn-up process by a depleted uranium (or thorium) compound follower, and adopts a dense weir and residential uranium compound fuel postprocessed by partially utilizing natural uranium and spent fuel, thereby greatly saving nuclear fuel and decreasing fuel cycle cost. A driving mechanisms driving a great amount of follower components are arranged in the pressure shell, so as to prevent the joint sections of the driving mechanism from penetrating through the upper sealing head of the pressure shell, carry out the spectral shift control under the condition without influencing the reliability of the pressure shell, lower the boron concentration of the water reactor in water in an operation process, avoid the occurrence of the problem of serious corrosion of the joint sections and the upper sealing head of the driving mechanism due to the penetration of boric acid through the upper sealing head of the pressure shell, reduce the possibility of elastic rod accidents and improve the safety.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nuclear reactor field of engineering technology, be specifically related to a kind of by drive mechanism in the pressure vessel the follower assembly and adopt the water-water reactor of this assembly, come " the spectral shift control " of realization response heap with this follower assembly, adopt " dense boom " and part to utilize the remaining uranium compound fuel of natural uranium, spentnuclear fuel aftertreatment simultaneously, save nuclear fuel significantly, reduce the fuel recycle expense, improve security.
Background technology
" spectral shift control " is a kind of adjusting, reactive method of control reactor, when being used to compensate reactivity that burnup causes and descending, obviously be better than regulating water mesoboric acid concentration, three kinds of methods of neutron absorber control rod and burnable poison, can save nuclear power plant's nuclear fuel consumption in a large number and reduce the fuel recycle expense, at the beginning of fuel recycle, by driving mechanism follower is inserted in the follower guide pipe, reduced the mean value of water-water reactor reactor core inner volume and volume of fuel ratio, increase converting material (depleted nuclear fuel or thorium), improved " transformation ratio " and " neutron economy ", along with burnup, gradually follower by extracting in its guide pipe, the mean value of moderator water volume and volume of fuel ratio increases in the reactor core, the reactor core neutron spectrum changes, and resulting positive reactivity can compensate the reactivity decline that burnup causes.
The eighties France proposed " conversion spectral(-)shift reactor " scheme, adopt hexagonal fuel assembly, the square cell pitch of the pitch of triangle lattice cell and existing 17 * 17 fuel assemblies is close, in the fuel assembly in 331 fuel rod positions, except that 36 control rod guide pipes, the follower guide pipe is installed on 54 fuel rod positions, there is a fuel assembly can insert or extract out cluster control rod assembly in per three fuel assemblies in the reactor core, can insert or extract out the follower of zirconium cladding dilution uranium dioxide core body in remaining fuel assembly, at the beginning of fuel recycle, all insert in the reactor core follower, to the end of term in burnup week, follower is all extracted out in the reactor core, and average moderator volume and volume of fuel is increased to 1.98 than by 1.65 in the reactor core, the reactor core neutron spectrum changes, and resulting positive reactivity has compensated the negative reactivity that burnup causes.Driving mechanism is to be arranged on pressure vessel outer " common magnetic force hoisting mechanism " in this scheme.The common presurized water reactor fuel enrichment that reloads is 4.2%, and discharge burn-up reaches 45GWd/tU and since this scheme implementation after above-mentioned " spectral shift control ", drop to 3.25%, natural uranium consumption saving 25%, the fuel recycle expense has reduced by 21%.And for example, the advanced pressurized water reactor (APWR) of Japan is when keeping magnetic force hoisting type control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) and cluster control rod and regulating water mesoboric acid concentration system, designed the zircaloy follower system that is used for " spectral shift control ", improved the design of fuel assembly simultaneously, to reduce the fuel recycle expense.Point out in " APWR designing technique characteristics " (IAEA-TECDOC-861 translations " contemporary pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant new development trend ") literary composition: APWR passes through to adopt spectral shift ... wait measure, reduce fuel recycle cost about 20%.In the AC-600 design proposal that China nuclear power institute the eighties proposes, the reactivity control of reactor core is realized by the control rod system and the accent boron system of traditional presurized water reactor, be provided with simultaneously " mechanical spectral shift system ", promptly in the fuel assembly of not plugging in control rod, insert 16 Zr-4 followers, there is the assembly of control rod to insert 8 followers, it is by the follower hydraulic drive apparatus interlock in the fuel assembly of not plugging in control rod, and follower accounts for the position of 2 * 2 fuel rods, and material is Zr-4.Above mentioned " common magnetic force hoisting mechanism " and " mechanical spectral shift system driving device " are installed in (being that pressure vessel is outer) above the pressure vessel upper cover, a large amount of follower assemblies can cause running through in a large number the pressure vessel upper cover, increased manufacture difficulty, reduce the reliability of pressure vessel, make " spectral shift control " scheme be difficult to realize.
Existing presurized water reactor compensates the changes of reactivity that burnup causes by regulating water moderator mesoboric acid concentration, the water mesoboric acid may cause corrosion damaged to run through nozzle belt and the pressure vessel upper cover of driving mechanism on the pressure vessel upper cover, increased the probability that the 4th class imagination " control rod ejection accident " was destroyed and taken place to the pressure boundary integrality.In February, 2002, U.S. Davis-Besse nuclear power station presurized water reactor is found to have occurred running through axial crack in the control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) adapter with the upper cover junction, Inspection Certificate subsequently, take over position (1# for three at pressure vessel upper cover middle part, 2# and 3#) there is through-wall crack to leak with a large amount of, particularly take over the thick metal mother metal of lateral pressure shell upper cover 178mm outside in by the boron water heavy corrosion, at 130-160cm at 3#
2The only remaining thick stainless steel weld overlays of 7.6mm on the area.From this incident, exchange the existing presurized water reactor that water saving mesoboric acid concentration is come compensatory reaction, a large amount of follower driving mechanisms are installed outside the pressure vessel end socket are again implemented " spectral shift control " and have very big risk.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide follower assembly that the gear train that is provided with in a kind of pressure vessel drives and the water-water reactor that adopts this assembly, thereby can realize " the spectral shift control " of water-water reactor by follower, part is utilized remaining uranium, natural uranium and the depleted nuclear fuel of spentnuclear fuel aftertreatment, with further raising " spectral shift control " ability, save uranium resource, reduce the fuel recycle expense, and improve security.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: the follower assembly of drive mechanism in a kind of pressure vessel, in its every follower core body is arranged, metal casing is arranged outward, adopt in the cluster fuel assembly of water-water reactor of this follower assembly partly on the fuel rod position or be provided with the follower guide pipe between the fuel assembly, under drive mechanism, the follower that is connected with driving mechanism can be inserted into or extract the follower guide pipe, thereby change the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core, change core-spectrum, realize water-water reactor reactive " spectral shift control ", wherein, the core material of follower adopts the compound of depleted nuclear fuel or thorium, and the driving mechanism of follower is arranged on the inside of water-water reactor pressure vessel.
Further, the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the aforesaid pressure vessel, wherein, described water-water reactor comprises presurized water reactor, overcritical water-water reactor or boiling-water reactor.
Further, the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the aforesaid pressure vessel, wherein, described driving mechanism adopts the magnetic force hoisting drive unit of hydraulic drive apparatus or waterproof or the electromagnetic coupled drive unit of waterproof cover is arranged.
Further, the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the aforesaid pressure vessel, when adopting hydraulic drive apparatus, the moving cylinder of hydraulic drive apparatus links to each other with follower, moving cylinder top is provided with ultrasonic positioning system, the quiet cylinder of hydraulic drive apparatus is fixed on core support plate or the guide pipe support plate, and the moving cylinder of hydraulic drive apparatus and the material of quiet cylinder are zircaloy, stainless steel, nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy.
Further, the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the aforesaid pressure vessel, when adopting xsect to be the cruciform follower, between square fuel assembly or central authorities the cruciform guide pipe is installed; When adopting xsect to be Y font follower, Y font guide pipe is installed between hexagonal fuel assembly; The outer wall of assembly housing that the fuel assembly of assembly housing is arranged, or the outer wall of the outer tube of sleeve pipe fuel assembly can play guide pipe, and the material of guide pipe is zircaloy or stainless steel or nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy.
Further, the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the aforesaid pressure vessel, wherein, the material of the metal casing of described follower is zircaloy or stainless steel or nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy; Tabular, the bar-shaped or annular core element that the compound of depleted nuclear fuel or thorium is arranged in the involucrum.
A kind of water-water reactor that adopts the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel, in the cluster fuel assembly of water-water reactor partly on the fuel rod position or be provided with the follower guide pipe between the fuel assembly, in the every follower core body is arranged, metal casing is arranged outward, under drive mechanism, the follower that is connected with driving mechanism can insert or extract the follower guide pipe, thereby change the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core, change core-spectrum, realize water-water reactor reactive " spectral shift control ", wherein, the core material of follower adopts the compound of depleted nuclear fuel or thorium, and the driving mechanism of follower is arranged on the inside of water-water reactor pressure vessel; The part fuel assembly employing natural uranium of water-water reactor core loading or the remaining uranium that spentnuclear fuel obtains after aftertreatment and the compound nuclear fuel of depleted nuclear fuel, the remaining fuel assembly adopts enrichment to be higher than the compound of 0.714% uranium, the perhaps fuel blend of plutonium compound and depleted nuclear fuel compound.
Further, the water-water reactor of the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the aforesaid employing pressure vessel, wherein, described employing enrichment is higher than the compound of 0.714% uranium, and perhaps the nuclear fuel that adopts of the 0～40cm section of two ends up and down of the fuel rod of the fuel assembly of the fuel blend of plutonium compound and depleted nuclear fuel compound can be the remaining uranium nuclear fuel that natural uranium or presurized water reactor spentnuclear fuel obtain or the compound nuclear fuel of depleted nuclear fuel after aftertreatment.
Further, the water-water reactor of the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the aforesaid employing pressure vessel, wherein, for the cluster fuel assembly, reduce the pitch of fuel rod grid, water and nuclear fuel volume ratio should be greater than 0.1 under the situation of the designing requirement of satisfying the reactor fuel beginning of cycle when follower all inserted, and this reactor core is " a dense boom "; When the quantity of follower and size were all extracted reactor core by fuel recycle end follower, the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core that the neutron effective multiplication factor is in optimum value decided.
The another kind of water-water reactor that adopts the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel, fuel assembly adopts the sleeve pipe fuel assembly of coated particle fuel element or is made up of cluster fuel assembly and sleeve pipe fuel assembly in its reactor core, the sleeve pipe fuel assembly comprises coaxial outer tube, middle sleeve and pipe core, be equipped with by RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON in the annular space between middle sleeve and the pipe core, the compound or the uranium of the pellet shapes uranium that silit or zirconium carbide material coat, the coated particle fuel element of the mixed nucleus fuel of plutonium compound, on middle sleeve and the pipe core sidewall aperture is arranged, wherein, the outer tube outer wall of adjacent bushings fuel assembly is as metal casing is arranged outward, in the guide pipe of follower of the compound core body of depleted nuclear fuel or thorium is arranged, the driving mechanism of follower is located in the pressure vessel.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: the present invention is applicable to presurized water reactor, overcritical water-water reactor and boiling-water reactor, the driving mechanism that will drive a large amount of depleted nuclear fuels (or thorium) compound follower assembly is arranged in the pressure vessel, these driving mechanism nozzle belt running through have been avoided to the pressure vessel upper cover, " spectral shift control " is implemented under the condition that does not influence the pressure vessel reliability, especially necessary to this method of overcritical water-water reactor.Insert follower in the fuel assembly or guide pipe therebetween at the beginning of the fuel recycle, along with burnup is deepened, progressively with it by extracting out in the guide pipe, the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core has changed the reactivity shimming that the causes negative reactivity that causes of burnup, compare with adjusting water mesoboric acid concentration, burnable poison and three kinds of methods of mobile neutron absorber control rod, this mode has improved " transformation ratio " and " neutron economy ", saves uranium resource in a large number, reduces the fuel recycle expense significantly.
Another feature of the present invention is to adopt in the reactor core design fuel assembly of dense boom, partly utilize residual uranium (usually contain 0.9%U235) or the natural uranium compound fuel of spentnuclear fuel after aftertreatment, not only improve the ability of follower to reactivity control, but also further save uranium resource, reduce the fuel recycle expense.Fuel assembly can also adopt SiC-PyC one class cladding granular fuel assembly sleeve pipe fuel assembly, and at this moment follower assembly guide pipe can be arranged between the sleeve pipe fuel assembly.
Adopt " follower " enforcement " spectral shift control ", in presurized water reactor burnup process, can obviously reduce water mesoboric acid concentration, thereby, avoided taking place similar U.S. Davis-Besse pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant boric acid to control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) nozzle belt, pressure vessel heavy corrosion problem, improved security.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the interior synoptic diagram that hydraulic drive apparatus is installed of the pressure vessel of water-water reactor;
Fig. 2 is an Alveolus type hydraulic drive apparatus synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is an opposite hole type hydraulic drive apparatus synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that the A-A of Fig. 4 is to view;
Fig. 6 is the annexation synoptic diagram of cluster follower assembly and hydraulic drive apparatus;
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of cruciform follower for square cluster fuel assembly adopts xsect;
It is the synoptic diagram of Y font follower that Fig. 8 sexangle cluster fuel assembly adopts xsect;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of sleeve pipe fuel assembly.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments.
Every follower of the follower assembly of the built-in drive mechanism of pressure vessel provided by the present invention has metal casing and places its interior depleted nuclear fuel or thorium compound core body, driving mechanism links to each other with follower, in the water-water reactor reactor core in the fuel assembly or be provided with the follower guide pipe therebetween, under the built-in drive mechanism of pressure vessel, follower can insert or extract the follower guide pipe, change the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core, regulate and control water-water reactor reactivity.The metal casing material of follower is zircaloy, stainless steel, nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy; Core body is the compound of tabular, bar-shaped or annular depleted nuclear fuel or thorium, and the concrete material of core body can be uranium dioxide, uranium carbide, the uranium nitride of depleted nuclear fuel, or thorium anhydride and other thorium compound.Driving mechanism can adopt hydraulic drive apparatus, the waterproof magnetic force hoisting device of the built-in drive controlling rod of pressure vessel or the mature technologies such as electromagnetic coupled drive unit of waterproof cover are arranged.The needs that the follower system of the built-in drive mechanism of pressure vessel must consider the free space in the pressure vessel as a whole and reload according to the characteristics of drive unit, can select to be installed in upper guide in the core support plate of on the tube support plate or bottom.
Fig. 1 has provided for a kind of layout of using the follower that is driven by hydraulic drive apparatus in presurized water reactor, overcritical water-water reactor and the boiling-water reactor.As shown in Figure 1, the quiet cylinder 2 of its hydraulic drive apparatus is fixed on the guide pipe support plate in the pressure vessel 1, and the moving cylinder 3 of hydraulic drive apparatus is arranged on quiet cylinder 2 inboards, and moving cylinder 3 bottoms link to each other with follower, are provided with ultrasonic positioning system 4 above the moving cylinder.The metal casing material of follower is zircaloy, stainless steel, nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy; Core body is the compound of tabular, bar-shaped or annular depleted nuclear fuel or thorium, and the concrete material of core body can be uranium dioxide, uranium carbide, the uranium nitride of depleted nuclear fuel, or thorium anhydride and other thorium compound." depleted nuclear fuel " is the general expression form of this area, refers generally to the tailing of uranium at concentration process.
Germany is in development low temperature heating reactor process, the Alveolus type hydro powered mechanism that develops for the drive controlling rod is applicable to the driving follower, it is made up of Alveolus type step-by-step cylinder, control module and ebullator, the Alveolus type step-by-step cylinder comprises moving cylinder 5 and quiet cylinder 6, moving cylinder 5 is enclosed within quiet cylinder 6 outsides, and follower 7 is fixed on the outer wall of moving cylinder 5, wherein, the lower end of quiet cylinder 6 is connected with the core support plate 8 of pressure vessel bottom, sees Fig. 2, Fig. 3.Control module has three passages such as passage, rising passway and the decline passway of maintenance, and each passage is made up of solenoid valve and resistance joint.Ebullator is by fetching water in the pressure vessel, maintenance passage by control module provides certain maintenance flow in the Alveolus type step-by-step cylinder, the just in time gravity and the buoyancy of the moving cylinder of balance and follower of the resistance formed cylinder inside and outside differential pressure of this flow by the teeth groove section under the situation that teeth groove is aimed at, it is motionless that follower keeps.When opening the pulse flow that provides extra in the Alveolus type step-by-step cylinder by the solenoid valve of rising passway, the resistance of teeth groove section increases, and the inside and outside pressure reduction of cylinder increases, and follower moves upward.At this moment, because the teeth groove misalignment, resistance is bigger, rises to groove and next tooth progressively to last always, and resistance progressively reduces, the rising passway closed electromagnetic valve, at this moment the pulse flow that is provided finishes, and follower has been finished the tooth pitch that moves upward.When maintenance flow that the decline passway pulsed bypass part of control module provides in the Alveolus type step-by-step cylinder, follower can move downward a tooth pitch.When maintenance flow that the long-time bypass of the decline passway of control module provides in the Alveolus type step-by-step cylinder, follower can disposablely drop to the end.Need to prove the stable fine of this system, be easy to accomplish to allow to keep flow to have ± 50% deviation.
What nuclear energy institute of Tsing-Hua University process heat reactor control rod used is opposite hole type control rod hydro powered mechanism, and it is made up of opposite hole type step-by-step cylinder, control module and ebullator.The opposite hole type step-by-step cylinder is installed in the process heat reactor pressure vessel, is applicable to the driving follower.It is made up of opposite hole type step-by-step cylinder, pulse valve, solenoid valve and ebullator.The opposite hole type step-by-step cylinder is made up of two-layer concentric tubes, as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, on interior pipe (the quiet cylinder) 9 many rounds 11 are arranged, have only a round 12 on the outer tube (moving cylinder) 10, the follower 13 with zirconium alloy cladding and depleted nuclear fuel (or thorium) compound core body is fixed on the outer tube of opposite hole type step-by-step cylinder (moving cylinder) 10.A loop water is flowed out through the hole on the two-layer pipe by interior pipe in the pressure vessel, inner orifice overlaps with outer pore punctual by the resistance to flow minimum that flows out in the cylinder, the hydraulic pressure that forms in the pipe is also minimum, and resistance strengthened when inner orifice departed from outer pore, and the pipe internal pressure reduces and increases with the coincidence degree.Mechanism is the same with the Alveolus type hydro powered, keep flow when control module provides, when extra pulse flow, a pulsed bypass part keeps flow or long-time bypass to keep flow, moving cylinder is corresponding to remain on a certain position, rise at a pitch-row, the pitch-row that descends or the disposable end that drops to.The stability of this system and the ultrasonic positioning system that is adopted also are in operation and have obtained test.These two kinds of hydraulic driving systems all have the accident security capabilities, lose accident condition followers such as power supply, ebullator stop, pipeline cut and can both insert reactor core by deadweight.In addition, the design of Argentinian CAREM water-water reactor is adopted is installed in control rod hydro powered mechanism in the pressure vessel, in principle also can be in order to drive the follower assembly.
The control rod of Japan's integrated small heap peculiar to vessel MRX has adopted the electromagnetism ball screw type control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) of installing in the pressure vessel: mainly be made up of drive motor, lock bolt electromagnet, separable ball nut etc.By the rotation of drive motor, the control rod oscilaltion that is connected with screw rod above the driving shaft is moved.During emergency shut-down, make the demagnetization of lock bolt electromagnet dead electricity by other circuit, drive separable ball nut and break away from screw rod, screw rod inserts reactor core together with control rod rapidly by deadweight; During the drive motor outage, the control rod that driving shaft connects above inserts reactor core automatically.This driving mechanism also can be used for driving the follower that is connected to above the driving shaft in principle.
Japan LSBWR boiling-water reactor has been researched and developed a kind of control rod electromagnetic coupled drive unit that is installed in the pressure vessel internal upper part, by the control rod CD-ROM drive motor, and the latch mechanism of emergency shut-down, position indicator and electromagnetic coupler are formed.During the running electromagnetic coupler, do not have line just can pass to pressure vessel inner control rod drive mechanism to control signal and electric power outside pressure vessel, the solenoid of device is cladded by stupalith, can be high temperature resistant.The control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) of this principle in principle also can be in order to drive the follower assembly.
As shown in Figure 6, for the cluster fuel assembly, can adopt cluster follower 14, its guide pipe can be installed on interior some fuel rod rod position of cluster fuel assembly; As shown in Figure 7, between square cluster fuel assembly 15 or central authorities cruciform guide pipe 16 can be installed, adopting xsect is cruciform follower 17; As shown in Figure 8, Y font guide pipe 19 can be installed between sexangle cluster fuel assembly 18, adopting xsect is Y font follower 20; For boiling-water reactor, the assembly housing outer wall of adjacent fuel assembly can be used as guide pipe.In the reactor core that the sleeve pipe fuel assembly is triangularly arranged, the outer wall of adjacent bushings fuel assembly outer tube can be used as the guide pipe that xsect is a Y font follower; Be in the reactor core of square arrangement, the outer wall of adjacent bushings fuel assembly outer tube can be used as the guide pipe that xsect is the cruciform follower, and the guide pipe material can be zircaloy, stainless steel, nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy.
Embodiment one
In the pressure vessel of a 1000Mwe presurized water reactor, in the reactor core sexangle cluster fuel assembly and on six angle points the outer zirconium alloy cladding that has is installed respectively, in the follower cluster of dilution uranium dioxide core body and xsect are arranged is Y font follower, they are connected on the moving cylinder of the built-in hydro powered of pressure vessel mechanism, its quiet cylinder is fixed on the guide pipe support plate, at the beginning of fuel recycle, dilution uranium dioxide follower is inserted the reactor fuel assembly, substep is with its extraction in the burnup process, by changing the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core, the reactive spectral shift control of realization response heap, thereby reduce the boron concentration of run duration presurized water reactor one loop water significantly, (only when cold shut, just need improve the concentration of boron in the water); Reduce significantly and be the burnable poison amount of compensatory reaction interpolation in the fuel element; The shim rod assembly that the control material core body is arranged that replaces the drive mechanism that is provided with on the pressure vessel upper cover in whole or most of existing presurized water reactors.
Reactor core is made up of 163 hexagonal fuel assemblies, centre distance 25.4cm, reactor core adopts low neutron leakage fuel to arrange, the balance circulation time two kinds of fuel assemblies of reactor core of packing into, the cluster fuel assembly that a circle is newly packed into for (as enrichment 4.5%) in inferior, in the fuel rod of 292 overall diameter 0.91cm, the thick 0.0685cm of Zr-4 involucrum, UO2 pellet diameter 0.757cm (diameter of bore 0.23cm) is arranged, triangle pitch 1.185cm, constitute dense grid, 18 cluster follower guide pipes are arranged, one of measuring tube in the assembly; Be provided with the follower that xsect is the Y font in the water crack between the angle point of hexagonal fuel assembly, the thick 0.8cm of the follower wing, the thick 0.1cm of Zr involucrum, the thick 0.6cm of dilution uranium dioxide, the wide 12cm of the follower wing.The center is " checkerboard type " usually and arranges, pack into through the fuel assembly of newly packing into and the natural uranium dioxide or the residual uranium dioxide cluster fuel assembly of spentnuclear fuel aftertreatment of a fuel recycle, be provided with the fuel rod of overall diameter 1.308cm, Zr-4 involucrum thickness 0.0419cm, UO2 pellet diameter 1.22cm in the latter, triangle pitch 1.434cm, the dense boom that constitutes, 18 cluster follower guide pipes are arranged, one of measuring tube in the assembly; Be provided with the follower that xsect is the Y font in the water crack between the angle point of hexagonal fuel assembly, the thick 0.8cm of the follower wing, the thick 0.1cm of Zr involucrum, the thick 0.6cm of dilution uranium dioxide, the wide 12.0cm of the follower wing.Outmost turns is arranged the fuel assembly of newly packing into through two fuel recycles basically, draws off the minimum fuel assembly of neutron effective multiplication factor when reloading.Hydraulic drive apparatus is that Y font follower assembly (being made up of half of outmost turns follower in adjacent three assemblies) inserts or extract guide pipe with the xsect at cluster follower assembly in the assembly and six angles in the pressure vessel of being installed respectively by the center of hexagonal fuel assembly box and six angles, thereby changes the mean value of water and uranium dioxide volume ratio in the reactor core.Adopt the cluster fuel assembly of " enrichment height ", fuel rod two ends 0-40cm section adopts natural uranium dioxide or the residual uranium dioxide pellet of spentnuclear fuel aftertreatment, remaining fuel assembly active section adopts enrichment to be higher than the compound of 0.714% uranium, the perhaps fuel blend of plutonium compound and depleted nuclear fuel compound.
For the cluster fuel assembly, should reduce the pitch of fuel rod grid during specific design, water and nuclear fuel volume ratio should be as far as possible little under the situation of the designing requirement of satisfying the reactor fuel beginning of cycle when follower all inserted, but should be greater than 0.1, and this reactor core is " a dense boom "; When the quantity of follower and size were all extracted reactor core by fuel recycle end follower, the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core that the neutron effective multiplication factor is in optimum value decided.
Adopt this technological transformation, obviously reduce in the operational process burnable poison amount in water mesoboric acid concentration and the heap, improved security, simultaneously, save a large amount of nuclear fuels, reduce fuel cycle cost, economic benefit is obvious.
Embodiment two
In the pressure vessel of a 1000Mwe presurized water reactor that has moved, on four corner location of reactor core square cluster fuel assembly the cruciform follower assembly that hydro powered mechanism drives is installed, follower is made up of the dilution uranium dioxide core body of zirconium cladding and Qi Nei, the reactive spectral shift control of realization response heap, simultaneously, keep original solid control rod assembly and electromagnetic drive mechanism thereof.Reactor core is made up of 157 21.45cm * 21.45cm square fuel assembly, pitch 1.26cm, there is the fuel assembly of control rod 289 (17 * 17) root rod position, wherein fuel rod is 264,1 measuring tube, 24 Zr-4 control rod guide tubes respectively account for 1 fuel rod position, and establishing xsect on four jiaos of fuel assemblies is cruciform follower assembly, the thick 0.8cm of the follower wing, the thick 0.1cm of Zr involucrum, the thick 0.6cm of dilution uranium dioxide, the wide 10cm of the follower wing.During hydro powered mechanism upper and lower mobile cruciform follower assembly, follower will insert or extract synchronously the follower guide pipe of four adjacent fuel assembly peripheries respectively, thereby change the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core, realize " spectral shift control ".
Reactor core adopts low leaked fuel to arrange, outmost turns is the minimum fuel assembly of neutron effective multiplication factor, the fuel assembly of reactor core of newly packing into is placed on time inner ring, and the center is " checkerboard type " usually and arranges through the fuel assembly of newly packing into of a fuel recycle or the fuel assembly of enrichment low (comprising natural uranium dioxide or the residual uranium dioxide of spentnuclear fuel aftertreatment).Dilution uranium dioxide follower is inserted the guide pipe of reactor core at the beginning of fuel recycle, by extracting out in the guide pipe, by changing the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core, the positive reactivity that obtains can descend in order to the reactivity that the compensation burnup causes substep with it in the operational process.Adopt this technological transformation, can roughly save 25% natural uranium consumption and 20% fuel cycle cost.
Embodiment three
Adopt the supercritical water nuclear reactor (adopt the supercritical water nuclear reactor structure of sleeve pipe fuel assembly can be) of sleeve pipe fuel assembly referring to Chinese patent 200510055365.5 at a net electrical power 100Mwe (thermal power 250Mwt), the low-carbon (LC) ferrite pressure vessel inner wall overlaying of interior diameter 245cm has the clad stainless steel cap rock, wall thickness 20.0cm, can bear design pressure 27.5Mpa, supercritical water operating pressure 25Mpa, reactor core active region equivalent diameter is 133cm, reactor core has 19 sleeve pipe fuel assemblies that are triangularly arranged, the structure of sleeve pipe fuel assembly as shown in Figure 9, it comprises coaxial Zr-2.5%Nb outer tube 21, alloy material (stainless steel, material such as nickel-base alloy or aluminium base columbium containing alloy) middle sleeve 22 and pipe core 23, outer tube external radius 13.8cm, wall thickness is 0.1cm, and the outer tube inside radius is 13.7cm; Gap 1.4cm between the pipe of rounded projections arranged; Force pipe center distance 29cm; The area of a force pipe lattice cell is 730.0cm
2Constitute import water outer flow passage between outer tube and the middle sleeve, the diameter by multilayer coating (SiC-PyC etc.) that overall diameter 2mm is housed in the annular space between middle sleeve and the pipe core is a 1.59mm pellet shapes uranium dioxide fuel assembly 24, on the two pipe sidewalls of back oval aperture is arranged, shunting gradually during coolant water flows in the inlet water outer flow passage between outer tube and middle sleeve from bottom to top, radially pass the stacking bed of middle sleeve wall aperture, coated particle fuel element and pipe core wall aperture enters pipe core, upwards flow out the sleeve pipe fuel assembly from vertical direction.The xsect that has hydraulic drive apparatus to drive between thimble assembly is the follower of Y font, realizes " spectral shift control " the thick 0.8cm of the follower wing, the thick 0.05cm of Zr involucrum, the thick 0.7cm of dilution uranium dioxide.The follower guide pipe can be arranged between the sleeve pipe fuel assembly, also can be with the outer tube outer wall of three the adjacent bushings fuel assemblies guide pipe as dilution uranium dioxide core body follower.Supercritical water stack operation pressure height at the built-in follower driving mechanism of pressure vessel, avoids follower to the running through of pressure vessel upper cover, and has improved the reliability of pressure vessel greatly.Simultaneously, save natural uranium consumption and fuel cycle cost in a large number, economic benefit is obvious.
For boiling-water reactor, the arrangement form of follower assembly can carry out specific design with reference to presurized water reactor, and the assembly housing outer wall of adjacent fuel assembly can be used as the follower guide pipe, and those skilled in the art can realize fully, no longer carries out too much description herein.
Consider the description of this invention disclosed herein and special embodiment, other embodiment of the present invention are conspicuous for a person skilled in the art.These explanations and embodiment only consider as an example that they all belong to by within the indicated protection scope of the present invention and spirit of claims.
Claims (10)
1. the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel, in its every follower core body is arranged, metal casing is arranged outward, adopt in the cluster fuel assembly of water-water reactor of this follower assembly partly on the fuel rod position or be provided with the follower guide pipe between the fuel assembly, under drive mechanism, the follower that is connected with driving mechanism can be inserted into or extract the follower guide pipe, thereby change the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core, change core-spectrum, realize water-water reactor reactive " spectral shift control ", it is characterized in that: the core material of follower adopts the compound of depleted nuclear fuel or thorium, and the driving mechanism of follower is arranged on the inside of water-water reactor pressure vessel.
2. the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water-water reactor comprises presurized water reactor, overcritical water-water reactor or boiling-water reactor.
3. the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described driving mechanism adopts the magnetic force hoisting drive unit of hydraulic drive apparatus or waterproof or the electromagnetic coupled drive unit of waterproof cover is arranged.
4. the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: when adopting hydraulic drive apparatus, the moving cylinder of hydraulic drive apparatus links to each other with follower, moving cylinder top is provided with ultrasonic positioning system, the quiet cylinder of hydraulic drive apparatus is fixed on core support plate or the guide pipe support plate, and the moving cylinder of hydraulic drive apparatus and the material of quiet cylinder are zircaloy or stainless steel or nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy.
5. the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: when to adopt xsect be criss-cross follower, between square fuel assembly or central authorities the cruciform guide pipe is installed; When adopting xsect to be Y font follower, Y font guide pipe is installed between hexagonal fuel assembly; The outer wall of assembly housing that the fuel assembly of assembly housing is arranged, or the outer wall of the outer tube of sleeve pipe fuel assembly can play guide pipe, and the material of guide pipe is zircaloy or stainless steel or nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy.
6. the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the material of the metal casing of described follower is zircaloy or stainless steel or nickel-base alloy or niobium base aluminium-containing alloy; Tabular, the bar-shaped or annular core element that the compound of depleted nuclear fuel or thorium is arranged in the involucrum.
7. water-water reactor that adopts the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel, in the cluster fuel assembly of water-water reactor partly on the fuel rod position or be provided with the follower guide pipe between the fuel assembly, in the every follower core body is arranged, metal casing is arranged outward, under drive mechanism, the follower that is connected with driving mechanism can insert or extract the follower guide pipe, thereby change the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core, change core-spectrum, realize water-water reactor reactive " spectral shift control ", it is characterized in that: the core material of follower adopts the compound of depleted nuclear fuel or thorium, and the driving mechanism of follower is arranged on the inside of water-water reactor pressure vessel; The part fuel assembly employing natural uranium of water-water reactor core loading or the remaining uranium that spentnuclear fuel obtains after aftertreatment and the compound nuclear fuel of depleted nuclear fuel, the remaining fuel assembly adopts enrichment to be higher than the compound of 0.714% uranium, the perhaps fuel blend of plutonium compound and depleted nuclear fuel compound.
8. the water-water reactor of the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the employing pressure vessel as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: described employing enrichment is higher than the compound of 0.714% uranium, and perhaps the nuclear fuel that adopts of the 0～40cm section of two ends up and down of the fuel rod of the fuel assembly of the fuel blend of plutonium compound and depleted nuclear fuel compound is the remaining uranium nuclear fuel that obtains after aftertreatment of natural uranium or presurized water reactor spentnuclear fuel or the compound nuclear fuel of depleted nuclear fuel.
9. as the water-water reactor of the follower assembly of drive mechanism in claim 7 or the 8 described employing pressure vessels, it is characterized in that: for the cluster fuel assembly, reduce the pitch of fuel rod grid, water and nuclear fuel volume ratio should be greater than 0.1 under the situation of the designing requirement of satisfying the reactor fuel beginning of cycle when follower all inserted, and this reactor core is " a dense boom "; When the quantity of follower and size were all extracted reactor core by fuel recycle end follower, the average Water-Uranium Ratio of reactor core that the neutron effective multiplication factor is in optimum value decided.
10. water-water reactor that adopts the follower assembly of drive mechanism in the pressure vessel, fuel assembly adopts the sleeve pipe fuel assembly of coated particle fuel element or is made up of cluster fuel assembly and sleeve pipe fuel assembly in its reactor core, the sleeve pipe fuel assembly comprises coaxial outer tube, middle sleeve and pipe core, be equipped with by RESEARCH OF PYROCARBON in the annular space between middle sleeve and the pipe core, the compound or the uranium of the pellet shapes uranium that silit or zirconium carbide material coat, the coated particle fuel element of the mixed nucleus fuel of plutonium compound, on middle sleeve and the pipe core sidewall aperture is arranged, it is characterized in that: the outer tube outer wall of adjacent bushings fuel assembly is as metal casing is arranged outward, in the guide pipe of follower of the compound core body of depleted nuclear fuel or thorium is arranged, the driving mechanism of follower is located in the pressure vessel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101197567A CN101656112B (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-03-26 | Follower component driven by driving mechanism in pressure shell and water reactor adopting same |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910077619 | 2009-02-09 | ||
| CN200910077619.1 | 2009-02-09 | ||
| CN2009101197567A CN101656112B (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-03-26 | Follower component driven by driving mechanism in pressure shell and water reactor adopting same |
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| CN101656112A CN101656112A (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| CN101656112B true CN101656112B (en) | 2011-11-30 |
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| CN2009101197567A Expired - Fee Related CN101656112B (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2009-03-26 | Follower component driven by driving mechanism in pressure shell and water reactor adopting same |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR102083877B1 (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2020-03-03 | 아토믹 에너지 오브 캐나다 리미티드 | Nuclear fuel containing recycled and depleted uranium, and nuclear fuel bundle and nuclear reactor comprising same |
| CN105825903B (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2019-12-13 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | high-temperature test device and test method for simulating spent fuel pool cooling loss process |
| CN107221367B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-07-02 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of safe evaluation method for changing rod assembly and reentering heap |
| CN109686461A (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2019-04-26 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of pool low temperature heating reactor control rod guide tubes and bundles structure |
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