CN111367019A - Optical waveguide coupling method based on optical fiber cone - Google Patents
Optical waveguide coupling method based on optical fiber cone Download PDFInfo
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
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Abstract
An optical waveguide coupling method based on an optical fiber cone comprises the following steps: designing the size of a mode field matched optical fiber cone according to the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide; preparing an optical fiber cone with a required size; and coupling and packaging the arrayed optical fiber cones and the optical waveguide array. The invention is suitable for the coupled waveguide, including optical waveguide and optical waveguide device; the material types of the waveguide include, but are not limited to, lithium niobate waveguide, silicon-based waveguide, fused silica waveguide, and the like; optical waveguide geometries include, but are not limited to, ridge waveguides, circular waveguides, strip waveguides, and the like. The method can achieve the highest coupling efficiency of more than 90 percent and has the characteristic of low-loss coupling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to efficient coupling of optical waveguides, in particular to an efficient coupling method of optical waveguides based on an optical fiber cone.
Background
The expansion of the information transmission capacity of the communication system obviously promotes the development of high technologies such as big data, data centers, unmanned driving and the like. These application requirements in turn require communication systems with higher speed, lower loss, and lower latency performance. To achieve such ideal performance, the key to the technological innovation lies in the innovation of optical devices.
The optical waveguide generally consists of a cladding with a lower refractive index and a fiber core wrapped with a higher refractive index, and photons are confined in the optical waveguide by utilizing the total internal reflection of light to be transmitted and controlled. The optical waveguide has strong space constraint capability to photons and is an important basic unit for constructing a photonic chip (see document 1: R. Nagarajan, et al, IEEE Journal of selected topics in Quantum Electronics Vol.11, P50-65,2005). The method can greatly increase the interaction between light and substances and realize the large-scale integration of photon circuits. The method has important application and good development prospect in the fields of communication networks, integrated optics, nonlinear optics, sensing, integrated quantum information technology and the like.
In particular, the coupling efficiency of an optical waveguide network compatible with a standard optical fiber directly determines the information, energy transfer and processing efficiency of the optical waveguide. This results in high loss coupling of the fiber to the optical waveguide and to the optical waveguide device, since the mode field distribution of a standard fiber is generally not identical to that of the optical waveguide. At present, in order to efficiently couple a light beam from an optical fiber into an optical waveguide, it is common practice to finely process a bragg grating structure on the optical waveguide, which is a relatively easy coupling method, and it is usually necessary to process a metal reflective film on the bottom surface of the waveguide (see document 2: d. tailiaert, et al., Optics Letters vol.29, P2749 and 2751, 2004; see document 3: d. tailiaert, et al. japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol.45, P6071,2006); in another method, a mode-field conversion structure is fabricated near the incident end of the optical waveguide to match the guided-wave mode field of the waveguide with the mode field of the optical fiber (see document 4: t. shoji, et al., Electronics Letters, vol.38, P1669-. Both of these methods have a problem of low coupling efficiency. The development of a more efficient optical waveguide coupling method becomes an urgent need for improving the application level of the optoelectronic integration technology.
The coupling method aims to realize low-loss and high-efficiency coupling between the optical fiber and the optical waveguide and promote the development of related high-tech industries. By using the optical fiber taper with high transmissivity and precisely controllable size (see the document 5: Y.Xu, et al, Opt.Express Vol.25, P10434 and 10440, 2017; see the document 6: Y.Kang, et al, IEEE Photonics technology Letters, Vol.32, P219 and 222,2020), the adiabatic transition of the mode field from the standard optical fiber to the mode field matched with the mode field of the optical waveguide mode is realized and is coupled into the optical waveguide, and finally the integration and packaging are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect of large coupling loss of the existing optical fiber and optical waveguide and provides an optical waveguide efficient coupling method based on an optical fiber cone. The method can realize the high-efficiency coupling of a single optical fiber cone and the optical waveguide, can also realize the high-efficiency coupling and packaging of the optical fiber cones distributed in an array manner and the waveguide array, and meets the application requirement of high-efficiency coupling of the optical fiber and the optical waveguide device. The optical waveguide suitable for coupling comprises an optical waveguide and an optical waveguide device; materials for the waveguides include, but are not limited to, lithium niobate waveguides, fused silica waveguides, and silicon-based waveguides; the geometrical configuration of the waveguide includes, but is not limited to, a ridge waveguide, a circular waveguide, a strip waveguide, and the like.
The basic idea of the invention is as follows:
according to the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide transmission mode, the optical fiber cone which is as consistent as possible with the mode field distribution is designed and prepared, and the adiabatic transformation capability of the mode field of the optical fiber cone can be utilized to realize that photons which are used as information and energy carriers are efficiently coupled into the optical waveguide from the optical fiber through the optical fiber cone.
The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an optical waveguide coupling method based on an optical fiber taper, when only coupling an incident end of an optical waveguide, the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: coupling incident light to a first single or arrayed optical fiber taper;
step 2: coupling a first single or arrayed optical fiber cone to an incident end of a single or arrayed optical waveguide on a substrate, collecting emergent light at an output end of the optical waveguide through a lens, an objective lens or an optical fiber lens, and testing the power of the emergent light by an optical power meter;
and step 3: adjusting the relative position between the tail end of each first optical fiber cone and the incident end of each optical waveguide to enable the tested output power of the optical waveguide output end to be maximum;
and 4, step 4: fixing and packaging the positions of the first optical fiber cone and the incident end of the optical waveguide to form a portable optical waveguide device;
wherein:
the polarization state of the incident light is: horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;
the mode field distribution of the tail end of the first optical fiber cone is matched with the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide;
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end of each first optical fiber cone and the incident end of each optical waveguide specifically comprises: and adjusting the transverse position of the tail end of each first optical fiber cone and the incident end of each optical waveguide to ensure that the mode field distribution of the first optical fiber cones and the optical waveguides has maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and adjusting the longitudinal position to ensure that the tail end of each first optical fiber cone just contacts the incident end face of the optical waveguide.
An optical waveguide coupling method based on optical fiber taper, when coupling the incident end and the output end of the optical waveguide, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: coupling incident light to a first single or arrayed optical fiber taper;
step 2: coupling a first single or arrayed optical fiber cone to an incident end of a single or arrayed optical waveguide on a substrate, collecting emergent light at an output end of the optical waveguide through a lens, an objective lens or an optical fiber lens, and testing the power of the emergent light by an optical power meter;
and step 3: adjusting the relative position between the tail end of each first optical fiber cone and the incident end of each optical waveguide to enable the tested output power of the optical waveguide output end to be maximum and fix the position of the optical waveguide output end;
and 4, step 4: removing the lens, the objective lens or the optical fiber lens, collecting emergent light by adopting a second single optical fiber cone or an optical fiber cone arranged in an array manner, and testing the power of the emergent light by using an optical power meter;
and 5: adjusting the relative position between the tail end of each second optical fiber cone and the output end of each optical waveguide to enable the output power of the second optical fiber cones to be maximum and fix the positions of the second optical fiber cones;
step 6: packaging the first optical fiber cone, the second optical fiber cone and the optical waveguide to form a portable optical waveguide device;
wherein:
the polarization state of the incident light is: horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;
the mode field distribution of the tail ends of the first optical fiber cone and the second optical fiber cone is matched with the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide;
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end of each first optical fiber cone and the incident end of each optical waveguide specifically comprises: adjusting the transverse position of the tail end of each first optical fiber cone and the incident end of each optical waveguide to ensure that the mode field distribution of the first optical fiber cones and the optical waveguides has maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and adjusting the longitudinal position to ensure that the tail end of each first optical fiber cone just contacts the incident end face of the optical waveguide;
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end of each second optical fiber cone and the output end of each optical waveguide specifically comprises: and adjusting the transverse position of each second optical fiber cone and the emergent end of each optical waveguide to ensure that the mode field distribution of the second optical fiber cones and the optical waveguides has maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and adjusting the longitudinal position to ensure that the tip of each second optical fiber cone just contacts the output end face of the optical waveguide.
The Fresnel scattering loss of the port is reduced by the light waveguide incident end and the light waveguide output end through the medium plated antireflection film.
The transmissivity of the first optical fiber cone and the second optical fiber cone is 99-100%.
The encapsulation is as follows: the outer parts of the first optical fiber cone and the second optical fiber cone are wrapped by a sleeve, ultraviolet glue with the refractive index of 1.2-1.43 is filled between the sleeve and the optical fiber cones, the ultraviolet glue is cured, and then the end face of the sleeve and the incident end of the optical waveguide are cured by the ultraviolet glue to form a whole and fixed on a solid plate.
The invention can obviously reduce the coupling loss of the optical fiber and the integrated optical waveguide loop, obviously improve the transmission efficiency and the processing speed of the integrated photonic chip to the optical information and promote the development of a new generation of photoelectronic technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the coupling of an optical fiber taper with an incident end of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention utilizing a fiber taper to couple with both the input and output ends of an optical waveguide;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the input and output ports of an optical waveguide of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the mode field distribution of an optical waveguide of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end (i.e., tip) of a fiber taper matched to the mode field of an optical waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the mode field distribution at the end of a fiber taper matched to the mode field of an optical waveguide in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic coupling flow chart according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top and left side view of an array of optical fiber tapers encased by a ferrule placed on a V-groove;
fig. 9 is a schematic coupling flow chart according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention, when only coupling the incident end of the optical waveguide, comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: coupling incident light 1 to a first single or arrayed optical fiber taper 2;
step 2: coupling a first single or arrayed optical fiber cone 2 to the incident end of a single or arrayed optical waveguide 3 on a substrate 4, collecting emergent light at the output end of the optical waveguide 3 through a lens, an objective lens or an optical fiber lens 5, and testing the power of the emergent light by an optical power meter 6;
and step 3: adjusting the relative position between the tail end 13 of each first optical fiber cone 2 and the incident end of each optical waveguide 3, so that the tested output power of the output end of the optical waveguide 3 is maximum;
and 4, step 4: fixing and packaging the positions of the first optical fiber cone 2 and the incident end of the optical waveguide 3 to form a portable optical waveguide device 7;
wherein:
the polarization state of the incident light 1 is: horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;
the mode field distribution of the end 13 of the first fiber taper 2 matches the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide 3;
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end 13 of each first optical fiber taper 2 and the incident end of each optical waveguide 3 specifically includes: the transverse position of the tail end of each first optical fiber cone 2 and the incident end of each optical waveguide 3 is adjusted, so that the mode field distribution of the first optical fiber cones 2 and the optical waveguides 3 has maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and the longitudinal position is adjusted, so that the tail end 13 of each first optical fiber cone 2 just contacts the incident end face of the optical waveguide 3.
Referring to fig. 2, when the present invention couples both the input end and the output end of the optical waveguide, the method includes the following steps:
step 1: coupling incident light 1 to a first single or arrayed optical fiber taper 2;
step 2: coupling a first single or arrayed optical fiber cone 2 to the incident end of a single or arrayed optical waveguide 3 on a substrate 4, collecting emergent light at the output end of the optical waveguide 3 through a lens, an objective lens or an optical fiber lens 5, and testing the power of the emergent light by an optical power meter 6;
and step 3: adjusting the relative position between the tail end 13 of each first optical fiber cone 2 and the incident end of each optical waveguide 3 to ensure that the tested output power of the output end of the optical waveguide 3 is maximum, and fixing the position of the output end;
and 4, step 4: removing the lens, the objective lens or the fiber lens 5, and collecting emergent light by adopting a second single or arrayed fiber cone 8;
and 5: adjusting the relative position between the tail end 14 of each second optical fiber cone 8 and the output end of each optical waveguide 3, so that the output power of the second optical fiber cones 8 is maximum, and the positions of the second optical fiber cones are fixed;
step 6: packaging the first optical fiber taper 2, the second optical fiber taper 8 and the optical waveguide 3 to form a portable optical waveguide device 9;
wherein:
the polarization state of the incident light is: horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;
the mode field distribution of the tail ends of the first optical fiber cone 2 and the second optical fiber cone 8 is matched with the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide 3;
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end 13 of each first optical fiber taper 2 and the incident end of each optical waveguide 3 specifically includes: adjusting the transverse position of the tail end of each first optical fiber cone 2 and the incident end of each optical waveguide 3 to ensure that the mode field distributions of the first optical fiber cones 2 and the optical waveguides 3 have maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and adjusting the longitudinal position to ensure that the tail end 13 of each first optical fiber cone 2 just contacts the incident end face of the optical waveguide 3;
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end 14 of each second optical fiber taper 8 and the output end of each optical waveguide 3 specifically includes: the transverse position of each second optical fiber cone 8 and the emergent end of each optical waveguide 3 is adjusted, so that the mode field distribution of the second optical fiber cones 8 and the optical waveguides 3 has the maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and the longitudinal position is adjusted, so that the tail end 14 of each second optical fiber cone 8 just contacts the output end face of the optical waveguide 3.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 3-7, the present embodiment illustrates the present invention by taking the coupling of a single fiber taper and the incident end of the on-chip lithium niobate single-mode waveguide as an example.
Preparation work before coupling of the mode field matched optical fiber cone and the incident end of the optical waveguide:
the cross sections of the input end and the output end of the single-mode optical waveguide 3 are shown in fig. 3, and a lithium niobate ridge waveguide 11 is located on a 2 μm-thick silicon dioxide layer 10, and a lithium niobate substrate 4 is located below the lithium niobate ridge waveguide. The crystal direction of lithium niobate is the z direction, and the guiding direction of ridge waveguide 11 is along the y direction. The ridge waveguide 11 has a top width of 0.5 μm, a bottom width of 0.5 μm, and a thickness of 500 nm. Single mode waveguides were prepared by chemical mechanical polishing (see document 7: r. wu, et al, Nanomaterials, vol.8, P910,2018). The incident end and the output end of the optical waveguide 3 are plated with a medium antireflection film.
The mode distribution of the single-mode optical waveguide 3 is obtained by extracting port cross section (as shown in fig. 3) information of the single-mode optical waveguide 3 and using simulation methods such as finite difference time domain, or by coupling incident light to the optical waveguide and observing near-field distribution at the waveguide output end by an infrared CCD. The mode profile of the optical waveguide 3 is shown in fig. 4, and is a spot of a transverse electric field mode, and the size of the spot is about 2.2 μm.
By utilizing theoretical simulation, calculating a curve of mode field distribution of the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone 2 changing along with the size of the tail end, and designing the size of the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone to ensure that the mode field distribution of emergent light of the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone wrapped by ultraviolet glue 16 is close to the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide 3 to the maximum extent (the matching degree is 80% -100%)), as shown in figure 4, preferably, the mode field distribution of the two is completely matched, as shown in figure 6, the light spot size is also 2.2. microns; the fiber taper end 13 is now shown in cross-section in fig. 5.
And preparing the optical fiber taper by a hot drawing method. A section of standard optical fiber is first stripped of the polymer layer, wiped clean, and a ferrule 17 is inserted over the section of fiber. And heating the optical fiber by oxyhydrogen flame, and simultaneously stretching two ends of the optical fiber by a translation stage to thin the heated area of the optical fiber to obtain the tapered optical fiber. By controlling the draw time, the size of the narrowest portion (also called the beam waist) of the tapered fiber is obtained in accordance with FIG. 5.
Translating one end of a sleeve 17 to the beam waist of the tapered optical fiber, injecting ultraviolet curing glue 16 with the refractive index of 1.3 into the sleeve 17, and curing the glue by using an ultraviolet lamp; the tapered fiber outside the ferrule 17 was cut and the end of the ferrule-UV coated fiber taper was polished with a fiber enamel polishing pad or focused ion beam to obtain a ferrule-coated fiber taper 2 as shown in FIG. 7.
The coupling steps in this embodiment are as follows:
step 1: coupling the light 1 polarized in the transverse electric field mode to a fiber taper 2;
step 2: aligning the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone 2 with the incident end of the optical waveguide 3 (the longitudinal distance between the incident end and the incident end is 10-20 microns), collecting emergent light at the output end of the optical waveguide 3 through a lens 5, and testing the power of the emergent light through an optical power meter 6;
and step 3: adjusting the transverse relative position between the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone 2 and the incident end of the optical waveguide 3 to ensure that the spatial overlap between the mode field distribution of the tail end of the optical fiber cone 2 and the mode field distribution of the incident end of the optical waveguide 3 is the maximum, then translating the optical fiber cone 2 to ensure that the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone 2 is contacted with the incident end of the optical waveguide, and the output power of the tested output end of the optical waveguide 3 is the maximum;
and 4, step 4: fixing the positions of the optical fiber cone 2 and the incident end of the optical waveguide 3, solidifying and connecting the optical fiber cone and the incident end of the optical waveguide 3 through point ultraviolet glue at the contact position of the optical fiber cone and the optical waveguide, and fixing the connected sleeve 17 and the substrate 4 of the optical waveguide 3 on a solid plate in a point ultraviolet glue solidifying mode to form a portable optical waveguide device 7;
and 5: measuring the input power P of the fiber taper 2iThe maximum input power at the output of the optical waveguide 3 is PoThen, the coupling efficiency of the fiber taper and the optical waveguide is:
η＝Po/Pi。
example 2
Referring to fig. 3-6 and fig. 8-9, the present embodiment takes the coupling of the optical fiber cones arranged in an array and the incident end and the output end of the on-chip lithium niobate single-mode waveguide array as an example to illustrate the present invention.
Preparation work before coupling of the mode field matched optical fiber cone and the incident end of the optical waveguide:
the cross sections of the input end and the output end of the single-mode optical waveguide 3 are shown in fig. 3, and a lithium niobate ridge waveguide 11 is located on a 2 μm-thick silicon dioxide layer 10, and a lithium niobate substrate 4 is located below the lithium niobate ridge waveguide. The crystal direction of lithium niobate is the z direction, and the guiding direction of ridge waveguide 11 is along the y direction. The ridge waveguide 11 has a top width of 0.5 μm, a bottom width of 0.5 μm, and a thickness of 500 nm. The single-mode waveguide is prepared by a chemical mechanical polishing method (see document 7: r. wu, et al, Nanomaterials, vol.8, P910,2018), and 3 ridge waveguides 11 are prepared side by side in total on a substrate 4, with the distance between the centers of two adjacent waveguides 11 being 300 μm. The incident end and the output end of the optical waveguide 3 are plated with a medium antireflection film.
The mode distribution of the single-mode optical waveguide 3 is obtained by extracting port cross section (as shown in fig. 3) information of the single-mode optical waveguide 3 and using simulation methods such as finite difference time domain, or by coupling incident light to the optical waveguide and observing near-field distribution at the waveguide output end by an infrared CCD. The mode profile of the optical waveguide 3 is shown in fig. 4, and is a spot of a transverse electric field mode, and the size of the spot is about 2.2 μm.
By utilizing theoretical simulation, calculating a curve of the mode field distribution of the tail end 13 of the single optical fiber cone along with the change of the tail end size, and designing the size of the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone to ensure that the mode field distribution of emergent light at the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone wrapped by ultraviolet glue 16 is close to the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide 3 to the maximum extent (the matching degree is 80% -100%)), as shown in figure 4, preferably, the mode field distribution of the two is completely matched, as shown in figure 6, the light spot size is also 2.2. microns; the fiber taper end 13 is now shown in cross-section in fig. 5.
And preparing the optical fiber taper by a hot drawing method. A section of standard optical fiber is first stripped of the polymer layer, wiped clean, and a ferrule 17 is inserted over the section of fiber. And heating the optical fiber by oxyhydrogen flame, and simultaneously stretching two ends of the optical fiber by a translation stage to thin the heated area of the optical fiber to obtain the tapered optical fiber. By controlling the draw time, the size of the narrowest portion (also called the beam waist) of the tapered fiber is obtained in accordance with FIG. 5.
Translating one end of a sleeve 17 to the beam waist of the tapered optical fiber, injecting ultraviolet curing glue 16 with the refractive index of 1.3 into the sleeve 17, and curing the glue by using an ultraviolet lamp; the tapered optical fiber outside the ferrule 17 was cut, and the end of the optical fiber taper surrounded by the ferrule and the ultraviolet paste was polished with an optical fiber enamel polishing pad or a focused ion beam to obtain a single optical fiber taper surrounded by the ferrule 17, and three of the optical fiber tapers were prepared.
Three optical fiber cones are arranged on three grooves of a V-shaped groove 15 side by side and are clamped by a metal pressing block to form a parallel optical fiber cone array; the center distance between two adjacent optical fiber tapers is equal to 300 μm, as shown in FIG. 8, wherein (a) is a top view; (b) is a left view. Two sets of optical fiber cone arrays are prepared, namely a first optical fiber cone 2 in array arrangement and a second optical fiber cone 8 in array arrangement.
The coupling steps in this embodiment are as follows:
step 1: coupling the light 1 polarized in the transverse electric field mode to each fiber taper 2 on the first set of fiber taper arrays;
step 2: aligning the tail end 13 of each optical fiber cone 2 to the incident end of each optical waveguide 3 (the longitudinal distance between the two ends is 10-20 microns), collecting emergent light at the output end of each optical waveguide 3 through each lens 5, and testing the power of the emergent light by each optical power meter 6;
and step 3: adjusting the transverse relative position between the tail end 13 of the optical fiber cone 2 of the first set of optical fiber cone array and the incident end of each optical waveguide 3 to ensure that the mode field distribution of the tail end of each optical fiber cone 2 is maximally overlapped with the space of the mode field distribution of the incident end of each optical waveguide 3, then translating the optical fiber cones 2 to ensure that the tail end 13 of each optical fiber cone 2 is contacted with the incident end of each optical waveguide, ensuring that the tested output power of the output end of each optical waveguide 3 is maximal, fixing the positions of the 1 st set of optical fiber cone array and the substrate of the optical waveguide 3, and curing by pointing ultraviolet glue between the tail end (the right end of the sleeve, see fig. 9) of each first set of optical fiber cone array sleeve 17 and the incident;
and 4, step 4: removing the lens 5, coupling the second set of optical fiber cone array with the output end of the optical waveguide 3, collecting the transmitted light of the optical waveguide 3, and testing the output power by an optical power meter 6;
and 5: adjusting the transverse relative position between the tip 14 of each optical fiber cone 2 of the second set of optical fiber cone array and the output end of each optical waveguide 3 to ensure that the mode field distribution of the tip 14 of each optical fiber cone 2 has the maximum spatial overlap with the mode field distribution of the output end of each optical waveguide 3, then longitudinally translating the optical fiber cones 2 to ensure that the tail ends 14 of the optical fiber cones 2 are contacted with the output ends of the optical waveguides, ensuring the tested output power of the output ends of the optical waveguides 3 to be maximum at the moment, fixing the positions of the second set of optical fiber cone array and the substrate 4 of the optical waveguides 3, and solidifying by pointing ultraviolet glue between the port (left end, see fig. 9) of each sleeve 17 of the second set of optical fiber cone array and the output end of each optical waveguide 3;
step 6: fixing the first set of optical fiber cone array, the second set of optical fiber cone array and the substrate 4 of the optical waveguide 3 array on a solid plate 12 together by a point ultraviolet glue curing method for packaging to form a portable optical waveguide device;
and 7: the input power of each optical fiber cone 2 on the first set of optical fiber cone array is measured to be PiThe maximum input power of the output end of each optical fiber cone 2 on the corresponding second set of optical fiber cone array is PoThen, the coupling efficiency of the fiber taper and each optical waveguide l (l ═ 1,2,3) is:
ηl＝Po/Pi,l＝1,2,3。
Claims (5)
1. an optical waveguide coupling method based on an optical fiber cone is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: coupling incident light (1) to a first single or arrayed optical fiber taper (2);
step 2: coupling a first single or arrayed optical fiber cone (2) to the incident end of a single or arrayed optical waveguide (3) on a substrate (4), collecting emergent light at the output end of the optical waveguide (3) through a lens, an objective lens or an optical fiber lens (5), and testing the power of the emergent light by an optical power meter (6);
and step 3: adjusting the relative position between the tail end (13) of each first optical fiber cone (2) and the incident end of each optical waveguide (3) so as to maximize the output power of the tested output end of the optical waveguide (3);
and 4, step 4: fixing and packaging the positions of the first optical fiber cone (2) and the incident end of the optical waveguide (3) to form a portable optical waveguide device (7);
wherein:
the polarization state of the incident light (1) is: horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;
the mode field distribution of the end (13) of the first optical fiber taper (2) is matched with the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide (3);
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end (13) of each first optical fiber cone (2) and the incident end of each optical waveguide (3) specifically comprises: the transverse position of the tail end of each first optical fiber cone (2) and the incident end of each optical waveguide (3) is adjusted, so that the mode field distribution of the first optical fiber cones (2) and the mode field distribution of the optical waveguides (3) have the maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and the longitudinal position is adjusted, so that the tail end (13) of each first optical fiber cone (2) is just contacted with the incident end face of the optical waveguide (3).
2. An optical waveguide coupling method based on an optical fiber cone is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: coupling incident light (1) to a first single or arrayed optical fiber taper (2);
step 2: coupling a first single or arrayed optical fiber cone (2) to the incident end of a single or arrayed optical waveguide (3) on a substrate (4), collecting emergent light at the output end of the optical waveguide (3) through a lens, an objective lens or an optical fiber lens (5), and testing the power of the emergent light by an optical power meter (6);
and step 3: adjusting the relative position between the tail end (13) of each first optical fiber cone (2) and the incident end of each optical waveguide (3) to ensure that the tested output power of the output end of the optical waveguide (3) is maximum and the position of the output end is fixed;
and 4, step 4: removing the lens, the objective lens or the optical fiber lens (5), collecting emergent light by adopting a second single optical fiber cone (8) or an optical fiber cone arranged in an array manner, and testing the power of the emergent light by using an optical power meter (6);
and 5: adjusting the relative position between the tail end (14) of each second optical fiber cone (8) and the output end of each optical waveguide (3) to enable the output power of the second optical fiber cones (8) to be maximum and fix the positions of the second optical fiber cones;
step 6: packaging the first optical fiber cone (2) and the second optical fiber cone (8) with the optical waveguide (3) to form a portable optical waveguide device (9);
wherein:
the polarization state of the incident light is: horizontal polarization or vertical polarization;
the mode field distribution of the tail ends of the first optical fiber cone (2) and the second optical fiber cone (8) is matched with the mode field distribution of the optical waveguide (3);
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end (13) of each first optical fiber cone (2) and the incident end of each optical waveguide (3) specifically comprises: adjusting the transverse position of the tail end of each first optical fiber cone (2) and the incident end of each optical waveguide (3) to ensure that the mode field distributions of the first optical fiber cones (2) and the optical waveguides (3) have maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and adjusting the longitudinal position to ensure that the tail end (13) of the first optical fiber cone (2) just contacts the incident end face of the optical waveguide (3);
the adjusting of the relative position between the tail end (14) of each second optical fiber taper (8) and the output end of each optical waveguide (3) specifically comprises: and adjusting the transverse position of each second optical fiber cone (8) and the emergent end of each optical waveguide (3) to ensure that the mode field distribution of the second optical fiber cones (8) and the optical waveguides (3) has maximum spatial overlap in the transverse direction, and adjusting the longitudinal position to ensure that the tip (14) of each second optical fiber cone (8) just contacts the output end face of the optical waveguide (3).
3. The optical waveguide coupling method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Fresnel scattering loss of the port is reduced at the input end and the output end of the optical waveguide (3) through plating a medium antireflection film.
4. Optical waveguide coupling method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first (2) and second (8) tapers have a transmission of 99-100%.
5. The optical waveguide coupling method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the package: the outer parts of the first optical fiber cone (2) or the first optical fiber cone (2) and the second optical fiber cone (8) are wrapped by a sleeve, ultraviolet glue with the refractive index of 1.2-1.43 is filled between the sleeve and the optical fiber cones, the ultraviolet glue is cured through ultraviolet light, and then the end face of the sleeve and the incident end of the optical waveguide (3) are cured through the ultraviolet glue to form a whole and fixed on a solid plate.
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| CN113507039A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-10-15 | 华东师范大学 | Single-mode micro laser based on single whispering gallery mode optical microcavity and implementation method |
| CN113900181A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-07 | 南京理工大学 | Waveguide edge integrated coupler and preparation method thereof |
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| US20060291782A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical device with cantilevered fiber array and planar lightwave circuit |
| CN102866461A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-01-09 | 武汉光迅科技股份有限公司 | Coupling method of photon chip and optical fibers |
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| US20060291782A1 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical device with cantilevered fiber array and planar lightwave circuit |
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| CN113507039A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-10-15 | 华东师范大学 | Single-mode micro laser based on single whispering gallery mode optical microcavity and implementation method |
| CN113900181A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-07 | 南京理工大学 | Waveguide edge integrated coupler and preparation method thereof |
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