CN111366477A - Loading device and system for drop hammer impact test - Google Patents
Loading device and system for drop hammer impact test Download PDFInfo
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- CN111366477A CN111366477A CN202010364027.4A CN202010364027A CN111366477A CN 111366477 A CN111366477 A CN 111366477A CN 202010364027 A CN202010364027 A CN 202010364027A CN 111366477 A CN111366477 A CN 111366477A
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- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/303—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/066—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with electrical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0039—Hammer or pendulum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
- G01N2203/0623—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means using piezoelectric gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of structural dynamic impact mechanical property experiments, discloses a drop hammer impact test loading device and system, and provides an integrated design method for two drop hammer systems of a set of frame. The loading device, the system and the method for the small-mass drop hammer impact test are provided by combining the advantages of high-precision variable-frequency lifting control and an electric push type locking mechanism and integrating advanced test methods such as non-contact deformation test, piezoelectric impact force test and the like in a single-point lifting and single-point putting mode, the loading device, the system and the method for the small-mass drop hammer impact test can meet the requirements of the 2 kg-200 kg drop hammer impact test, and the test method has the advantages of strong operability and high reliability, can obviously reduce the equipment development cost, improves the test efficiency and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of structural dynamic impact mechanical property experiments, and particularly relates to a drop hammer impact test loading device and system, which are applied to impact test testing and analysis of various materials/structures in a drop hammer mass range of 2 kg-200 kg.
Background
The energy absorption design of materials/structures is involved in the research of engineering problems such as airplane crash, automobile crash, high-speed rail crash and the like, and the energy absorption characteristics of the materials/structures are generally required to be evaluated through a drop hammer impact test. Conventional impact tests can be realized through a standard drop hammer testing machine, but special impact tests such as large drop hammer mass span, large test piece size span and the like need to develop special equipment to meet test testing requirements.
In the research of the drop hammer impact test system, a plurality of inventions are also provided in China, and a plurality of patent technologies are provided, for example: a drop weight impact test device (Chinese patent: CN104913893B) for simulating vehicle collision, a drop impact test device (Chinese patent: CN103674462A) and a double-column reciprocating drop weight tester (Chinese patent: CN204389318U) are provided, but the test devices can not simultaneously cover the mass range of the drop weight of 2 kg-200 kg. For a test piece with large size span, force measuring platforms with different measuring ranges and sizes and hammer bodies with different masses need to be covered in one set of equipment, and meanwhile, a buffer system for residual energy after the hammer bodies impact is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a drop hammer impact test loading device and system to meet the impact test requirements of various small-size materials/structures in the mass range of 2 kg-200 kg drop hammers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the first technical scheme is as follows:
a drop hammer impact test loading apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a test frame 1, a large hammer body structure 2, a large lifting structure 3, a small lifting structure 4, a small hammer body structure 5, a small hammer body double-column slide rail 6, a large hammer body double-column slide rail 7, a large force measuring platform 8 and a small force measuring platform 9;
the small hammer body double-upright-column slide rail 6 and the large hammer body double-upright-column slide rail 7 are respectively vertically arranged on the test frame, and the small hammer body double-upright-column slide rail 6 and the large hammer body double-upright-column slide rail 7 are parallel to each other;
the large hammer body structure 2 is arranged at one end of the large lifting structure 3 and moves along the large hammer body double-column slide rail 7, and the other end of the large lifting structure 3 is fixedly connected to the top end of the large hammer body double-column slide rail 7;
the small hammer body structure 5 is installed at one end of the small lifting structure 4 and moves along the small hammer body double-column slide rail 6, and the other end of the small lifting structure 4 is fixedly connected to the top end of the small hammer body double-column slide rail 6;
the large force measuring platform 8 is fixed on the ground and corresponds to the impact position of the large hammer body structure 2, and the small force measuring platform 9 is fixed on the ground and corresponds to the impact position of the small hammer body structure 5.
The first technical scheme of the invention has the characteristics and further improvements that:
(1) the large hammer body structure and the small hammer body structure are respectively composed of a hammer body guide wheel A1, a hammer head A2, a balancing weight A3, a hook A4, a lock body guide wheel A5, a lock body hook A6 and a control lock A7;
the control lock is used for hanging the hammer body hook, controlling the lock hook to be opened or released, and limiting the lateral movement of the large hammer body structure through the hammer body guide wheel and the lock body guide wheel.
(2) The weight of the balancing weight of the big hammer body structure is 20 kg-200 kg;
the weight of the balancing weight of the small hammer body structure is 2 kg-20 kg.
(3) The control lock A7 comprises a lock hook B1, a lead screw B2 and an actuator B3, and the lock hook is opened or closed by pushing the lead screw under the control of the actuator.
(4) The large force measuring platform and the small force measuring platform are respectively composed of a buffer upright post C1, a buffer block C2, buffer block height adjusting teeth C3 and a force measuring platform C4;
the force measuring platform is used for placing a test piece, and the buffer upright post and the force measuring platform are fixed on a foundation through bolts;
the buffer block is used for absorbing residual energy after the falling hammer falls freely to impact the test piece.
(5) The table top of the large force measuring platform is 300mm × 450mm, and the measuring range is 180 tons;
the table-board size of the small force measuring platform is 200mm × 200mm, and the measuring range is 30 tons.
(6) The height of the small hammer body double-column slide rail 6 and the height of the big hammer body double-column slide rail 7 are 13 m.
(7) The big lifting structure and the small lifting structure are German type winches, and the lifting height control precision of 1mm can be realized through frequency conversion control.
The second technical scheme is as follows:
a drop hammer impact test loading system, the system comprising: non-contact testing apparatus, data acquisition apparatus and a drop hammer impact test loading apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8;
the non-contact testing device is used for testing the deformation of the test piece in the impact process;
the data acquisition device is used for testing impact load and strain response of the test piece.
The technical scheme of the invention provides an integrated design method of two sets of drop hammer systems of a set of frame by utilizing the characteristics of free-fall impact test. The loading device, the system and the method for the small-mass drop hammer impact test are provided by combining the advantages of high-precision variable-frequency lifting control and an electric push type locking mechanism and integrating advanced test methods such as non-contact deformation test, piezoelectric impact force test and the like in a single-point lifting and single-point putting mode, the loading device, the system and the method for the small-mass drop hammer impact test can meet the requirements of the 2 kg-200 kg drop hammer impact test, and the test method has the advantages of strong operability and high reliability, can obviously reduce the equipment development cost, improves the test efficiency and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a small-mass drop hammer impact test device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a sledge hammer body;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a control lock;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a large force platform configuration;
the test method comprises the following steps of 1-test frame, 2-large hammer body structure, 3-large lifting structure, 4-small lifting connection, 5-small hammer structure, 6-small hammer body double-column slide rail, 7-large hammer body double-column slide rail, 8-large force measuring platform, 9-small force measuring platform, 10-non-contact test structure, 11-data acquisition structure, A1Hammer guide wheels, A2Hammer head, A3-a counterweight block, A4-hook, A5Lock body guide wheel, A6-lock body hook, a7Control lock, B1-lock hook, B2Lead screw, B3Actuator, C1Buffer column, C2-a buffer block, C3Height adjustment teeth of buffer blocks, C4-a force-measuring platform.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Based on the free-fall drop hammer impact test principle, a special test system and a test method suitable for small-size material/structure impact energy absorption test are designed. The test method mainly adopts a single-point hoisting and single-point releasing mode, and integrates two sets of hammer body systems with different measuring ranges and different sizes and an impact force measuring system. During testing, the test piece is placed on a force measuring platform on the ground, the hammer body is lifted to a preset height by the lifting system, the hammer body is thrown in through the special lock mechanism, all the test systems are triggered synchronously, the hammer body is thrown in and freely falls along the double-column-type rail until the test piece is impacted, the test of impact deformation and impact force of the test piece is completed through the ground test system, and the test is completed after the hammer body is completely static.
As shown in fig. 1, the test device meeting the requirements of the test method is composed of a test frame 1, a large hammer body structure 2, a large lifting structure 3, a small lifting structure 4, a small hammer body structure 5, a small hammer body slide rail 6, a large hammer body slide rail 7, a large force measuring platform 8, a small force measuring platform 9, a non-contact test structure 10 and a data acquisition structure 11. Two sets of double-upright slide rails are designed on the test frame, the total height is 13m, and the requirement of 15m/s drop hammer impact speed can be met; the big lifting structure and the small lifting structure are German type winches, and the lifting height control precision of 1mm can be realized through frequency conversion control.
As shown in figure 2, the large hammer body structure is formed by a hammer body guide wheel A1Hammer head A2And a balancing weight A3And a hook A4Guide wheel A of lock body5Lock body hook A6And control lock A7During test, the hammer body hook is hung through the control lock, the lock hook is controlled to be opened or released, the lateral movement of the large hammer body system is limited through the hammer body guide wheel and the lock body guide wheel, and meanwhile, the movement friction force is reduced. The weight of the balancing weight can be adjusted to meet the requirement of 20 kg-200 kg. The shape and the size of the hammer head can be changed according to the test requirements.
The structure of the small hammer body structure is consistent with that of the large hammer body structure, and the counterweight requirement of 2 kg-20 kg can be realized by adjusting the weight of the counterweight block.
As shown in fig. 3, the control lock is composed of a lock hook B1Lead screw B2And an actuator B3The lock hook is opened or closed by controlling the pushing of the lead screw through the actuator.
As shown in FIG. 4, the large force platform consists of a buffer column C1Buffer block C2And a buffer block height adjusting tooth C3And a force measuring platform C4The test piece is placed on a force measuring platform during testing, the size of the table surface of the force measuring platform is 300mm × 450mm, the measuring range is 180 tons, the drop hammer freely drops to impact the test piece, the residual energy of the drop hammer is absorbed through a buffer block, the test piece is protected by adjusting the height of the buffer block according to different heights of the test piece, a buffer upright post and the force measuring platform are fixed on a foundation through bolts, the small force measuring platform and the large force measuring platform are consistent in structure, the size of the table surface of the force measuring platform is 200mm × 200mm, the measuring range is 30 tons, a non-contact testing system comprises a high-speed camera and a non-contact analysis system, deformation testing of the test piece in the impact process is realized, and a data acquisition system comprises a testing cable, a charge amplifier, a data acquisition systemAnd the test of the impact load and the strain response of the test piece is realized.
The invention provides an integrated design method of two sets of drop hammer systems of a set of frames by fully utilizing the characteristics of free-fall impact tests. The loading device, the system and the method for the small-mass drop hammer impact test are provided by combining the advantages of high-precision variable-frequency lifting control and an electric push type locking mechanism and integrating advanced test methods such as non-contact deformation test, piezoelectric impact force test and the like in a single-point lifting and single-point putting mode, the loading device, the system and the method for the small-mass drop hammer impact test can meet the requirements of the 2 kg-200 kg drop hammer impact test, and the test method has the advantages of strong operability and high reliability, can obviously reduce the equipment development cost, improves the test efficiency and has wide application prospect.
The technical scheme of the invention adopts an integrated design idea of a set of frame and two sets of drop hammer systems, provides a loading device, a system and a method for a small-mass drop hammer impact test, can realize impact test of various materials/structures within the mass range of 2 kg-200 kg drop hammers based on the test system and the method, and has the advantages of high reliability and strong operability of the test system, remarkably reducing the equipment development cost and improving the test efficiency.
According to the technical scheme, the electric push type locking mechanism is designed, so that the drop hammer can be reliably locked or released, the test efficiency is improved, and the test risk is reduced. The buffering device of the force measuring platform is designed, the residual energy of the drop hammer can be effectively absorbed, the residual compression amount of the test piece is controlled, and the test piece is protected from being damaged in a transition mode.
Claims (9)
1. A drop hammer impact test loading device, characterized in that the device includes: the device comprises a test frame (1), a large hammer body structure (2), a large lifting structure (3), a small lifting structure (4), a small hammer body structure (5), a small hammer body double-column slide rail (6), a large hammer body double-column slide rail (7), a large force measuring platform (8) and a small force measuring platform (9);
the small hammer body double-column slide rail (6) and the large hammer body double-column slide rail (7) are respectively vertically arranged on the test frame, and the small hammer body double-column slide rail (6) and the large hammer body double-column slide rail (7) are parallel to each other;
the large hammer body structure (2) is installed at one end of the large lifting structure (3) and moves along the large hammer body double-column slide rail (7), and the other end of the large lifting structure (3) is fixedly connected to the top end of the large hammer body double-column slide rail (7);
the small hammer body structure (5) is installed at one end of the small lifting structure (4) and moves along the small hammer body double-column slide rail (6), and the other end of the small lifting structure (4) is fixedly connected to the top end of the small hammer body double-column slide rail (6);
the large force measuring platform (8) is fixed on the ground and corresponds to the impact position of the large hammer body structure (2), and the small force measuring platform (9) is fixed on the ground and corresponds to the impact position of the small hammer body structure (5).
2. The drop hammer impact test loading device of claim 1,
the large hammer body structure and the small hammer body structure are respectively composed of a hammer body guide wheel A1, a hammer head A2, a balancing weight A3, a hook A4, a lock body guide wheel A5, a lock body hook A6 and a control lock A7;
the control lock is used for hanging the hammer body hook, controlling the lock hook to be opened or released, and limiting the lateral movement of the large hammer body structure through the hammer body guide wheel and the lock body guide wheel.
3. The drop hammer impact test loading device of claim 2,
the weight of the balancing weight of the big hammer body structure is 20 kg-200 kg;
the weight of the balancing weight of the small hammer body structure is 2 kg-20 kg.
4. The drop hammer impact test loading device of claim 2,
the control lock A7 comprises a lock hook B1, a lead screw B2 and an actuator B3, and the lock hook is opened or closed by pushing the lead screw under the control of the actuator.
5. The drop hammer impact test loading device of claim 1,
the large force measuring platform and the small force measuring platform are respectively composed of a buffer upright post C1, a buffer block C2, buffer block height adjusting teeth C3 and a force measuring platform C4;
the force measuring platform is used for placing a test piece, and the buffer upright post and the force measuring platform are fixed on a foundation through bolts;
the buffer block is used for absorbing residual energy after the falling hammer falls freely to impact the test piece.
6. The drop hammer impact test loading device of claim 5,
the table top of the large force measuring platform is 300mm × 450mm, and the measuring range is 180 tons;
the table-board size of the small force measuring platform is 200mm × 200mm, and the measuring range is 30 tons.
7. The drop hammer impact test loading device of claim 1,
the height of the small hammer body double-column slide rail (6) and the height of the big hammer body double-column slide rail (7) are 13 m.
8. The drop hammer impact test loading device of claim 1,
the big lifting structure and the small lifting structure are German type winches, and the lifting height control precision of 1mm can be realized through frequency conversion control.
9. A drop hammer impact test loading system, the system comprising: non-contact testing apparatus, data acquisition apparatus and a drop hammer impact test loading apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8;
the non-contact testing device is used for testing the deformation of the test piece in the impact process;
the data acquisition device is used for testing impact load and strain response of the test piece.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112362285A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-12 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | Hammer body device of high-magnitude impact response spectrum simulation equipment |
CN113324857A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-31 | 长安大学 | Freeze-broken hook for heavy hammer drop weight impact test device and use method |
CN114354345A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-15 | 山东鲁测检测技术有限公司 | Full-automatic drop hammer impact testing machine for pipes |
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