CN111366179A - 一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法 - Google Patents

一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法 Download PDF

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CN111366179A
CN111366179A CN202010203944.4A CN202010203944A CN111366179A CN 111366179 A CN111366179 A CN 111366179A CN 202010203944 A CN202010203944 A CN 202010203944A CN 111366179 A CN111366179 A CN 111366179A
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苑勇贵
邹晨
张毅博
李晋
安然
杨木森
姜富强
张晓峻
杨军
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
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    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35325Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in reflection, e.g. Mickelson interferometer

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Abstract

本发明属于光纤干涉仪相位解调算法领域,具体涉及到一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法。该方法将信号调制模块采集到的干涉信号依次通过混频滤波模块、自微分相除模块、正切解算模块和反正切模块,最终输出相位解调信号。通过自微分相除模块将含有交流强度B值和调制深度C值的信号消除,使输出项只含有相位信号正切值,消除光强扰动对输出信号的影响,避免由光源不稳定等因素造成解调结果的不确定,提高了信号解调系统的长期稳定性。

Description

一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法
技术领域
本发明属于光纤干涉仪相位解调算法领域,具体涉及到一种自微分相除的相位生成载波(PGC)解调方法。
背景技术
光纤水听器、光纤地震计、光纤应变仪等干涉型光纤传感器具有体积小、灵敏度高、线性度高、抗电磁干扰、动态范围大等特点,广泛应用于光纤水声探测、地震波检测、石油勘探、保密监听等领域。干涉型光纤传感器是利用光路中的相位变化来测量物理量。干涉仪的随机相位衰落会导致输出信号信噪比的随机涨落,实现信号的稳定检测是干涉型光纤传感器应用的核心技术之一。对于光路中的相位变化解调算法主要有源零差检测、锁相检测、3×3耦合器多相检测和相位生成载波(PGC)解调检测等。PGC解调检测技术通过将传感信号调制在高频载波上,利用奇次载波和偶次载波的边带信号不会同时衰减至零的特点实现传感信号的稳定检测,具有低频响应好、噪声低等优点。
传统PGC解调技术解调结果的准确性和稳定性受光强扰动影响、对调制深度的取值依赖严重。PGC-DCM解调技术采用差分和交叉相乘,与光强相关,光强变化快时稳定性差,而PGC-Arctan解调技术将两路信号进行相除和反正切实现解调,对调制深度的取值依赖严重,在调制深度偏离2.63rad时存在严重的谐波失真。清华大学使用载波的三倍频代替基频,避免直流项的产生,但仍受调制深度的影响,并且采样频率较高,张敏等人在基于PGC原理的独立光纤水听器(CN 201110191719.4)与复用水听器阵列(CN 201210143601.9)的噪声抑制方面作了深入的研究;中船重工715研究所提出了如何进行大规模水听器阵列解调的方法(CN 200910100600.4);美国Northrop Grumman公司DavidB.Hall对阵列解调也有相关专利发表(US 7038784B2);美国海军实验室Michael Amaral等人对水听器校正系统如何抑制直流漂移作出分析(US 6594198B2)。但是都没有对如何降低光强扰动和调制深度漂移对PGC算法的影响与谐波抑制做出详细说明。中国科学院半导体研究所提出反正切微分自交叉相乘算法,消除调制深度与光强的影响,在一定程度上降低了总谐波失真,但是算法中除法运算较多,在实际解调中被除数为零时,会引起数值畸变,产生解调误差(PGCDemodulation Technique With High Stability and Low Harmonic Distortion);哈尔滨工程大学杨军等人将PGC算法与3×3耦合器的固定相移法相结合(CN 201510293444.3),采用椭圆拟合对参数进行校正;中船重工715研究所高晓文等人发明了对低通滤波后信号进行归一化的解调方法(CN 201710941759.3)。但是以上算法不可避免地增加了系统结构难度与复杂度,使信号处理的时间变长,降低了系统实时性,在大信号解调过程中容易导致系统产生较大的谐波失真。
对于解调系统而言,在不增加成本的情况下,消除调制深度和光强扰动影响同时抑制谐波失真、减少信号畸变,具有非常重要的意义和实用价值。本发明提供了一种自微分相除的PGC解调方法,通过正弦分量与余弦分量的自微分相除,消除光强扰动和调制深度的影响,经过正切解算模块中的乘法运算得到只含有相位信号正切值平方项的信号,进而得到待解算相位。本发明消除光强和调制深度对信号的影响,提高系统解调的准确性和稳定性,谐波抑制效果好,减少信号幅值检测的误差,可广泛应用于高精度光纤测量和光纤传感等领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点和不足,提供一种自微分相除的相位生成载波(PGC)解调方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种自微分相除的相位生成载波(PGC)解调方法,该方法将信号调制模块10采集到的干涉信号依次通过混频滤波模块11、自微分相除模块12、正切解算模块13和反正切模块14,最终输出相位解调信号。
所述的信号调制模块10,包括数据采集102和调制输出103,数据采集模块102用于采集干涉仪23输出完成光电转换后的结果,得到干涉信号;调制输出103模块输出正弦波给光源调制器211用于调制光源221,经过调制的光注入到干涉仪23中,其中调制频率在2kHz~50MHz,调制幅度设置在1~6rad范围内保证干涉条纹稳定。
所述的混频滤波模块11,将调制输出103的信号与经过倍频器111后的信号分别与采集到的干涉信号同时送入第一乘法器112、第二乘法器113,将第一乘法器112、第二乘法器113的输出结果送入第一低通滤波器114、第二低通滤波器115,截止频率根据载波信号频率选择在1kHz~25MHz之间。
所述的自微分相除模块12,将第一低通滤波器114、第二低通滤波器115提取的被测量信号的正弦分量121和余弦分量122分别送入第一微分器123和第二微分器124,将第一微分器123、第二微分器124的输出结果分别与正弦分量121、余弦分量122同时送入第一除法器125、第二除法器126,完成正交分量的自微分相除,得到两路消除光强扰动和调制深度漂移影响的信号。
所述正切解算模块13,将第一除法器125、第二除法器126的输出结果经过第三乘法器131做相乘运算后得到只含有相位信号正切值平方项的信号;降幂模块132对第三乘法器131输出信号做取反和降幂运算,得到符号为正的相位信号正切值;然后经过符号判断模块133,以正弦分量121和余弦分量122的符号作为条件,判断相位信号正切值的符号,得到相位信号的真实正切值。
所述反正切模块14,将正切解算模块13的输出送入数字反正切模块141,求解出待测相位信号,得到相位解调结果142。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)通过自微分相除模块将含有交流强度B值和调制深度C值的信号消除,使输出项只含有相位信号正切值,消除光强扰动对输出信号的影响,避免由光源不稳定等因素造成解调结果的不确定,提高了信号解调系统的长期稳定性;
(2)减少非线性影响,当调制深度产生微小偏移不会形成失真项,有效的抑制谐波,减少解调结果对外加载波引入的调制深度的依赖,信号幅值稳定,提高信号幅值检测的准确度;
(3)减少畸变信号的产生,任意光学干涉仪都可使用该算法进行解调,如迈克尔逊干涉仪等,不增加额外的成本,与现有的系统兼容性好,可广泛应用于高精度光纤测量和传感系统中。
附图说明
图1是自微分相除的PGC解调算法流程图;
图2是干涉仪调制解调探测光路装置图;
图3是改进PGC算法与PGC-Arctan算法解调信号频谱对比
图4是算法改进后干涉信号交流强度B对信号解调的影响;
图5是算法改进前后调制深度C对信号解调的对比;
图6是算法改进前后调制深度C对信号谐波失真的影响对比。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。
为清楚地说明本发明改进的相位生成载波解调算法,结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不应该以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例——基于迈克尔逊干涉仪的相位生成载波解调方法
调制解调装置如图2所示,干涉仪测量装置的器件选择与参数如下:
(1)光源221的中心波长1550nm、半谱宽度45nm,出纤功率大于1~10mW;
(2)光纤隔离器222工作波长1550nm±5nm,插入损耗≤1.0dB(23℃工作温度时),回波损耗≥55dB;
(3)第一法拉第旋镜235、第二法拉第旋镜234工作波长1550nm±5nm,插入损耗0.6dB,法拉第旋转角度90°,旋转角误差@23℃为±1°,最大光源承受能力1W,工作温度-40至85℃;
(4)用于加载标定信号的压电陶瓷环233尺寸为24mm,电容22nF,耐压幅度0~120V;
(5)2×2耦合器231工作波长1550nm,输出分光比为50.5%/49.5%;
(6)光电探测器20,为InGaAs型光电探测器,连接模式属于尾纤式FC/PC,工作波长为1100nm~1650nm,光强响应度R=0.85A/W,电容为0.35pF,
(7)采集模块212为NI-6366采集卡,采样率为2Mbps,输入电压幅度±10V,采样时钟为采集卡内部时钟,输入电阻20k;
(8)光源调制器211和压电陶瓷驱动器214为功率放大器,使用AD公司的AD8040轨对轨功率放大器,工作电压2.7~12V,工作带宽125MHz,最大输出电流200mA,负载电容15pF;
算法的具体流程如下:
(1)系统运行信号调制模块10,首先由计算机213通过光源调制器211对光源221进行频率调制,设置载波信号幅度为2.6rad,信号频率为6kHz,该信号不随环境变换等因素发生改变;同时使用压电陶瓷驱动器214产生幅度为1.2rad,频率为144Hz的标定信号到压电陶瓷环233上。调频光信号经过光纤隔离器222注入到迈克尔逊干涉仪23中,光经过2×2耦合器231分成两束,一路光信号经过光纤环232,第一法拉第旋镜235反射至2×2耦合器231的一个输入端处;另一路光信号经过缠绕在压电陶瓷环233上的光纤,第二法拉第旋镜234反射至2×2耦合器231的另一个输入端处。这两路光信号在2×2耦合器231内发生干涉,经过光电探测器模块20输出得到干涉信号。经过采集模块212将数据送入计算机213中进行算法解调,整个过程同步进行。
(2)数据采集模块102得到包含直流偏置的干涉信号,信号峰峰值为4V,直流偏置为2V左右;
(3)对干涉信号进行混频滤波操作,设置第一、第二滤波器114、115为FIR布莱克曼窗,参数为通带截止频率2kHz,阻带截止频率3kHz,衰减-80dB,通带波纹为0.01dB,阶数为265阶,数据经过滤波器后得到测试信号的正弦分量121与余弦分量122两路信号;
(4)将两路信号通过自微分相除模块12此时PGC算法由于外界环境变化或者系统内部期间不稳定所导致的交流强度B和调制深度C的漂移造成的影响被消除,将两路信号送入正切解算模块13做相应运算后得到符号为正的相位信号的正切值,符号判断模块133以正弦分量121与余弦分量122的符号作为判定条件对正切值进行符号判断,得到相位信号的真实正切值;
(5)将信号的正切值通过反正切模块14进行数字反正切运算141求解最终结果,得到相位解调结果142。
如图3为改进的PGC算法与PGC-Arctan算法解调信号频谱对比,改进后算法谐波失真度较低,频谱清晰。
改变交流强度B,改进后PGC算法信号解调结果如图4所示。当交流强度B变化时,改进后的PGC解调算法得到的信号幅值变化小于0.01rad;
改变调制深度C,原PGC-Arctan算法与改进后PGC算法信号解调结果对比图如图5所示。当调制深度C变化时,原PGC解调算法得到的信号幅值随调制深度变化而变化,40%的调制深度变化,信号幅值的解调结果变化超过0.6rad,而改进后的PGC解调算法得到的信号幅值变化小于0.1rad;
改变调制深度C,原PGC-Arctan算法与改进后PGC算法信号谐波失真结果对比如图6所示。当调制深度C变化时,原PGC解调算法得到的信号谐波失真最低为-57dB,而改进后的PGC解调算法得到的信号谐波失真值总体在-70dB以下,最低-90dB。
本发明属于光纤干涉仪相位解调算法领域,具体涉及到一种自微分相除的相位生成载波(PGC)解调方法。本发明包括信号调制模块、混频滤波模块、自微分相除模块、正切解算模块和反正切模块五部分。其特征是通过自微分相除模块,将混频滤波后的正弦分量和余弦分量分别自微分相除来消除光强扰动和调制深度漂移的影响,再经过正切解算模块中的乘法、降幂运算和符号判断后,通过正切值精确计算得到待解算相位。本发明不仅可以降低解调信号对外加载波调制深度的依赖,还可以消除光强扰动对输出的影响,提高了信号幅值检测的准确度与解调系统的稳定性,可广泛应用于高精度光纤测量和传感系统中。

Claims (6)

1.一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法,其特征在于:该方法将信号调制模块(10)采集到的干涉信号依次通过混频滤波模块(11)、自微分相除模块(12)、正切解算模块(13)和反正切模块(14),最终输出相位解调信号。
2.根据权利要求1一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法,其特征在于:所述的信号调制模块(10),包括数据采集(102)和调制输出(103),数据采集模块(102)用于采集干涉仪(23)输出完成光电转换后的结果,得到干涉信号;调制输出(103)模块输出正弦波给光源调制器(211)用于调制光源(221),经过调制的光注入到干涉仪(23)中,其中调制频率在2kHz~50MHz,调制幅度设置在1~6rad范围内保证干涉条纹稳定。
3.根据权利要求1一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法,其特征在于:所述的混频滤波模块(11),将调制输出(103)的信号和经过倍频器(111)后的信号分别与采集到的干涉信号同时送入第一乘法器(112)、第二乘法器(113),将第一乘法器(112)、第二乘法器(113)的输出结果送入第一低通滤波器(114)、第二低通滤波器(115),截止频率根据载波信号频率选择在1kHz~25MHz之间。
4.根据权利要求1一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法,其特征在于:所述的自微分相除模块(12),将第一低通滤波器(114)、第二低通滤波器(115)提取的被测量信号的正弦分量(121)和余弦分量(122)分别送入第一微分器(123)和第二微分器(124),将第一微分器(123)、第二微分器(124)的输出结果分别与正弦分量(121)、余弦分量(122)同时送入第一除法器(125)、第二除法器(126),完成正交分量的自微分相除,得到两路消除光强扰动和调制深度漂移影响的信号。
5.根据权利要求1一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法,其特征在于:所述正切解算模块(13),将第一除法器(125)、第二除法器(126)的输出结果经过第三乘法器(131)做相乘运算后得到只含有相位信号正切值平方项的信号;降幂模块(132)对第三乘法器(131)输出信号做取反和降幂运算,得到符号为正的相位信号正切值;然后经过符号判断模块(133),以正弦分量(121)和余弦分量(122)的符号作为条件,判断相位信号正切值的符号,得到相位信号的真实正切值。
6.根据权利要求1一种自微分相除的相位生成载波解调方法,其特征在于:所述反正切模块(14),将正切解算模块(13)的输出送入数字反正切模块(141),求解出待测相位信号,得到相位解调结果(142)。
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