CN111363003A - By using CO2Method for extracting pearl protein by supercritical fluid technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst by using CO2A method for extracting Margarita protein by supercritical fluid technology comprises adding Margarita powder into supercritical extraction kettle equipped with stirring and heating device, injecting deionized water, delivering carbon dioxide gas for extraction, separating in separation kettle, and freeze drying to obtain lyophilized powder. The method does not change the original performance of active substances such as pearl protein in pearl powder, and does not cause denaturation, and has no residual solvent, and water and CO in supercritical fluid for extracting pearl protein2The supercritical fluid of (1) extracting pearl proteinThe extraction rate is high, and the method is green and environment-friendly and has no pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pearl powder, and particularly relates to a pearl powder prepared from CO2A method for extracting Margarita protein solution by supercritical fluid technology is provided.
Background
The pearl is mineral bead containing calcium carbonate generated by endocrine action of mollusk such as pearl shellfish and mother-of-pearl shellfish, and is formed by gathering a large amount of tiny aragonite crystals. The pearl contains calcium carbonate as main component in 92.93 wt%, keratin in 4.14 wt%, water in 2.4 wt%, amino acids in ten kinds, and 28 kinds of trace elements including selenium, germanium, etc. Has high health-care and medicinal value.
At present, the development and application of pearl functional components are relatively limited in a relatively fixed process mode, and the traditional methods of water extraction, acid extraction, enzymolysis and the like are utilized. The methods basically remove calcium carbonate in the pearl powder, add acidic substances which can influence the structure of pearl protein in the pearl powder, can make the active substances of the pearl powder lose activity and denaturation, and the amino acid types of the pearl powder are more or less acidolyzed to remove a part of the amino acid types, so that the pearl powder cannot be completely retained, and the effective components are not complete, thereby only having certain effect or certain effects.
Chinese patent document CN101381400A discloses a method for extracting organic matrix and grading molecular weight of nano pearls, which comprises adding water to nano pearl powder twice, stirring to fully extract, centrifuging at high speed to obtain suspension, filtering with impurities, and separating to obtain a first organic matrix extract of pearl with molecular weight of more than 5kDa and a second organic matrix extract of pearl with molecular weight of less than 5 kDa; further separating out pearl protein and pearl protein which cannot be precipitated by an ammonium sulfate precipitation method, and performing chromatography by SephadexG25 gel according to the molecular weight of the pearl protein to obtain three fractions: fraction a, fraction B, fraction C. The pearl protein or pearl peptide with purified effective components can be obtained for the industries of cosmetics, foods and the like for optimal utilization. However, this method is time-consuming and complicated in operation.
A process for preparing pearl powder by biological enzymolysis includes such steps as dissolving pearl in aqueous solution of lactic acid, regulating pH value to neutral, regulating pH value to acidic value, adding bioactive enzyme to decompose pearl protein to obtain enzymolyzed pearl liquid, spray drying, quick drying, solidifying and granulating. The prepared pearl powder retains various amino acids, microelements and other effective components in the pearl, converts calcium carbonate in the pearl into active calcium which is easy to be absorbed by human body, and enzymolyzes keratin which is not dissolved in gastric acid into free amino acid which is easy to be absorbed. This method also has the disadvantage of being time consuming and the spray drying process can damage the active substance.
The Chinese invention patent (application number: 200710141569.X application date: 2007-08-07) discloses a method for preparing pearl active peptide, which comprises taking out pearl grains from a new live pearl oyster, washing with water, mixing the pearl grains with deionized water, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to neutral meta-acid by using phosphate buffer solution, and then carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis reaction by using serratipeeptidase and the pearl grains; filtering and separating with filter screen to obtain pearl particles and clarified liquid, and then decocting the reaction liquid in water to inactivate enzyme; and spray drying the obtained solution to obtain the pearl active peptide. The method also has long time consumption, active substances can be damaged in the spray drying process, only soluble protein is obtained, and a specific yield value is not reflected.
The Chinese invention patent (application number: 200910114409.5 application date: 2009-09-18) discloses a preparation method of pearl hydrolysate, which comprises the following steps: 1) putting pearl powder into hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, stirring until the reaction is complete, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to be neutral by ammonia water, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate A; 2) dissolving the precipitate A with purified water, adjusting the pH value of the precipitate A to 7.5-8.5 with ammonia water, and centrifuging to obtain a precipitate B; 3) dissolving the precipitate B with purified water, adding enzyme for enzymolysis, and centrifuging the enzymolysis solution to obtain supernatant and precipitate C; the enzyme is a mixture of snail protease and papain, and the addition amount of the enzyme is 0.3-1.05% of the weight of the precipitate B; 4) dissolving the precipitate C with purified water, adding enzyme, performing secondary enzymolysis, centrifuging, and collecting supernatant; the enzyme is a mixture of trypsin, papain and neutral protease, and the addition amount of the enzyme is 0.2-0.45% of the weight of the precipitate B; 5) and combining the two supernatants, boiling, and filtering by using a nanofiltration membrane with the aperture of 1-3 nm to obtain the nano-filtration membrane. When the method is long in existing time, special enzyme is needed, the source is not wide, and the method is not suitable for industrial application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst by using CO2The method for extracting the pearl protein by the supercritical fluid technology does not change the original performance of active substances such as the pearl protein and the like in the pearl powder, does not cause the pearl protein to be denatured, simultaneously has no residual solvent in the extraction, has high extraction rate of the pearl protein, and is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
by using CO2The method for extracting the pearl protein by the supercritical fluid technology comprises the following steps:
1. reaction: adding Margarita powder into supercritical extraction kettle equipped with stirring and heating device, injecting deionized water, sealing top cover, opening stirrer, and delivering carbon dioxide gas; the stirring device is added, so that the reaction speed can be accelerated, the extraction period is shortened, and the energy consumption is saved.
2. Separation: slowly releasing water and CO with active substances in the extraction kettle by adjusting a drain valve2The supercritical body of (1), which is separated by the separation vessel; slowly reducing the pressure and temperature of the separation kettle, and converting the supercritical fluid into CO2A gas layer, a water layer and a water-insoluble active substance precipitation layer; release of CO2Gas, CO2Recycling the gas;
3. and (3) purification: standing, filtering and collecting a water-insoluble precipitate layer in the separator to obtain water-insoluble active protein; collecting the water-soluble pearl protein solution in the separator, adding the water-soluble pearl protein solution into a SephadexG-75 gel filtration column, eluting the gel filtration column with a phosphate buffer solution, and collecting the eluent to obtain soluble pearl protein;
4. collecting: mixing the two active substances, and freeze drying.
AsPreferably, the particle size of the pearl powder in the step 1 is less than or equal to 1um, and the mass ratio of the pearl powder to the deionized water is 1: 20; the temperature of the extraction kettle is controlled to be 38-42 ℃, the pressure is 55-65MPa, and CO is adjusted2The flow rate was 25L/h and the transit time was 2 hours.
Preferably, a cooling device is added in the separation kettle in the step 2, the temperature of the separation kettle is controlled at 0 ℃, and the pressure is controlled at 4MPa-5.5 MPa. Because calcium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide react to generate water-soluble calcium bicarbonate, the calcium bicarbonate can be partially decomposed into calcium carbonate by changing conditions such as reducing pressure, removing carbon dioxide and changing ph, and a cooling device is added to enhance the stability of the calcium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the pH of the phosphate buffer solution in step 3 is 7.2, and the flow rate is 0.5 ml/min.
Preferably, the pearl protein solution obtained in the step 3 is heated to 15-20 ℃ firstly, filtered, and the filtrate is added into a SephadexG-75 gel filtration column for purification, because the obtained pearl protein solution contains calcium bicarbonate which is relatively stable below 0 ℃ and is easy to decompose at normal temperature to obtain calcium carbonate solid, the calcium bicarbonate is removed firstly by filtration, and then the egg pearl protein is purified, so that the purification efficiency of the pearl protein can be improved.
Preferably, the recycled carbon dioxide gas and fresh carbon dioxide are sequentially fed into the extraction kettle through a heat exchanger, a filter, a compressor or a pump and the heat exchanger.
The supercritical fluid extraction separation process of the present invention is carried out by utilizing the special dissolving capacity of the supercritical fluid to some special natural substances and utilizing the relation between the dissolving capacity and the density of the supercritical fluid, namely, the dissolving capacity of the supercritical fluid by temperature and pressure. The extraction materials obtained by different pressure ranges are mixture, but the condition of the production process can be controlled to obtain the most appropriate proportion of component mixture, and finally the supercritical fluid can be converted into common gas by means of temperature rise and pressure reduction, so that the extracted materials can be completely separated, and the separation and purification purposes can be achieved.
By using CO2The supercritical fluid technology has simple process, extracts the required components by controlling parameters, and extracts CO in the supercritical state2Hardly incompatible with most substances with relatively strong molecular polarity, inorganic salts and the like, and avoids bringing other components into the extraction process. The solvent has high safety, the original material components are not damaged in the production and extraction process, the whole extraction device is closed, and the obtained active components are not oxidized and lost. In the extraction process, cold water and hot water are all in closed cycle, no wastewater and residue are discharged, and CO is discharged2The device is also a closed cycle, only a little is carried out during discharging, the environment is not polluted, and the operation cost is very low because of less energy consumption, less manpower and less material consumption.
The purification method of water-soluble pearl protein solution is characterized by that it uses gel filtration chromatography to separate soluble pearl protein by means of gel filtration chromatography protein purification method (molecular sieve), and its principle is that the molecular weight of protein is applied to molecular character difference to make separation, when the sample is moved downwards from top end of chromatographic column, the macromolecular protein can not be fed into gel granules so as to quickly elute, and the smaller protein molecules can be fed into gel granules, and the retention time of protein fed into gel is different, and the larger the molecular weight is, the earlier the outflow time is, and finally the protein with different molecular sizes can be separated, and the Ca can be removed2+、Mg2+、Na+、CO3 2-And (3) plasma.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the use of CO according to the invention2Flow chart of method and equipment for extracting pearl protein by supercritical fluid technology.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the following embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention or by applying the pre-treatment cleaning and purifying technique of the present invention to other instruments.
Example 1
By using CO2The method for extracting the pearl protein by the supercritical fluid technology comprises the following steps:
1. reaction: adding 100g of pearl powder with particle size less than or equal to 1um into a supercritical extraction kettle equipped with a stirring and heating device, injecting 2kg of deionized water, sealing a top cover, starting a stirrer, controlling the temperature of the extraction kettle at 40 ℃ and the pressure at 55Mpa, conveying carbon dioxide gas, and controlling the flow of CO2The flow rate is 25L/h, and the conveying time is 2 hours;
2. separation: slowly releasing water and CO with active substances in the extraction kettle by adjusting a drain valve2The supercritical body of (1), which is separated by the separation vessel; slowly reducing the pressure and temperature of the separation kettle to 4.0Mpa at 0 deg.C, and converting supercritical fluid into CO2A gas layer, a water layer and a water-insoluble active substance precipitation layer; release of CO2Gas, CO2Recycling the gas;
3. and (3) purification: standing for 2 hours, filtering and collecting a water-insoluble precipitate layer in a separator to obtain water-insoluble active protein; collecting the water-soluble pearl protein solution in the separator, heating the pearl protein solution to 15-20 ℃, wherein the pearl protein solution contains calcium bicarbonate which is relatively stable below 0 ℃ and is easily decomposed at normal temperature to obtain calcium carbonate solid. The calcium bicarbonate is removed firstly, and then the egg pearl protein is purified, so that the purification efficiency of the pearl protein can be improved. Filtering calcium carbonate, adding the solution into a SephadexG-75 gel filtration column, eluting with a phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 7.2 at the flow rate of 0.5ml/min, and collecting the eluate to obtain soluble pearl protein;
4. collecting: mixing the two active substances, and freeze drying to obtain 3.76g white to light yellow powder, wherein the yield is 3.76% of carbon dioxide gas which is recycled and fresh carbon dioxide sequentially pass through a heat exchanger, a filter, a compressor or a pump and the heat exchanger to enter an extraction kettle for gas supply.
Example 2
By using CO2Supercritical fluid extraction of pearlA method of globin reduction comprising the steps of:
1. reaction: adding 100g of pearl powder with particle size less than or equal to 1um into a supercritical extraction kettle equipped with a stirring and heating device, injecting 2kg of deionized water, sealing a top cover, starting a stirrer, controlling the temperature of the extraction kettle at 40 ℃ and the pressure at 65Mpa, conveying carbon dioxide gas, and controlling the flow of CO2The flow rate is 25L/h, and the conveying time is 2 hours;
2. separation: slowly releasing water and CO with active substances in the extraction kettle by adjusting a drain valve2The supercritical body of (1), which is separated by the separation vessel; slowly reducing the pressure and temperature of the separation kettle to 5.5Mpa at 0 deg.C, and converting supercritical fluid into CO2A gas layer, a water layer and a water-insoluble active substance precipitation layer; release of CO2Gas, CO2Recycling the gas;
3. and (3) purification: standing for 2 hours, filtering and collecting a water-insoluble precipitate layer in a separator to obtain water-insoluble active protein; collecting the water-soluble pearl protein solution in the separator, heating the pearl protein solution to 15-20 ℃, wherein the pearl protein solution contains calcium bicarbonate which is relatively stable below 0 ℃ and is easily decomposed at normal temperature to obtain calcium carbonate solid. The calcium bicarbonate is removed firstly, and then the egg pearl protein is purified, so that the purification efficiency of the pearl protein can be improved. Filtering calcium carbonate, adding the solution into a SephadexG-75 gel filtration column, eluting with a phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 7.2 at the flow rate of 0.5ml/min, and collecting the eluate to obtain soluble pearl protein;
4. collecting: mixing the two active substances, and freeze drying to obtain 3.80g white to light yellow powder, wherein the yield is 3.89% of carbon dioxide gas which is recycled and fresh carbon dioxide sequentially pass through a heat exchanger, a filter, a compressor or a pump and the heat exchanger to enter an extraction kettle for gas supply.
Example 3
By using CO2The method for extracting the pearl protein by the supercritical fluid technology comprises the following steps:
1. reaction: particle size is less than or equal to 1umAdding 100g of bead powder into a supercritical extraction kettle equipped with a stirring and heating device, injecting 2kg of deionized water, sealing a top cover, starting a stirrer, controlling the temperature of the extraction kettle to be 40 ℃ and the pressure to be 60Mpa, conveying carbon dioxide gas, and controlling the flow of CO2The flow rate is 25L/h, and the conveying time is 2 hours;
2. separation: slowly releasing water and CO with active substances in the extraction kettle by adjusting a drain valve2The supercritical body of (1), which is separated by the separation vessel; slowly reducing the pressure and temperature of the separation kettle to 5.0Mpa at 0 deg.C, and converting supercritical fluid into CO2A gas layer, a water layer and a water-insoluble active substance precipitation layer; release of CO2Gas, CO2Recycling the gas;
3. and (3) purification: standing for 2 hours, filtering and collecting a water-insoluble precipitate layer in a separator to obtain water-insoluble active protein; collecting the water-soluble pearl protein solution in the separator, heating the pearl protein solution to 15-20 ℃, wherein the pearl protein solution contains calcium bicarbonate which is relatively stable below 0 ℃ and is easily decomposed at normal temperature to obtain calcium carbonate solid. The calcium bicarbonate is removed firstly, and then the egg pearl protein is purified, so that the purification efficiency of the pearl protein can be improved. Filtering calcium carbonate, adding the solution into a SephadexG-75 gel filtration column, eluting with a phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 7.2 at the flow rate of 0.5ml/min, and collecting the eluate to obtain soluble pearl protein;
4. collecting: mixing the two active substances, and freeze drying to obtain 3.82g white to light yellow powder with yield of 3.82%
And the carbon dioxide gas and fresh carbon dioxide which are recycled enter the extraction kettle through the heat exchanger, the filter, the compressor or the pump and the heat exchanger in sequence to feed gas.
The pearl protein obtained from the 3 experiments is verified.
The verification method adopts a biuret reagent inspection method.
The principle is as follows: the biuret reagent is an analytical chemical reagent for the identification of proteins.
The biuret reagent is an alkaline copper-containing test solution, is blue, is prepared from 0.1g/mL sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, 0.01g/mL copper sulfate and potassium sodium tartrate, and can form a purple red complex when meeting protein.
The method comprises the following steps: mixing lyophilized powder product with water, collecting 2mL pearl protein diluent, adding 1mL0.1mLNaOH aqueous solution, adding 3-4 drops of 0.01g/mL copper sulfate CuSO4And potassium tartrate solution, a purple red complex appears, and the obtained active substance is proved to be pearl protein.
Claims (7)
1. By using CO2The method for extracting the pearl protein by the supercritical fluid technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. reaction: adding Margarita powder into supercritical extraction kettle equipped with stirring and heating device, injecting deionized water, sealing top cover, opening stirrer, and delivering carbon dioxide gas;
2. separation: slowly releasing water and CO with active substances in the extraction kettle by adjusting a drain valve2The supercritical body enters a separation kettle for separation; slowly reducing the pressure and temperature of the separation kettle, and converting the supercritical fluid into CO2A gas layer, a water layer and a water-insoluble active substance precipitation layer; release of CO2Gas, CO2Recycling the gas;
3. and (3) purification: standing, filtering and collecting a water-insoluble precipitate layer in the separator to obtain water-insoluble active protein; adding the water-soluble pearl protein solution in the separator into a SephadexG-75 gel filtration column, then eluting with a phosphate buffer solution, and collecting the eluent to obtain soluble pearl protein;
4. collecting: mixing the two active substances, and freeze drying.
2. The use of CO of claim 12The method for extracting the pearl protein by the supercritical fluid technology is characterized in that the particle size of the pearl powder in the step 1 is less than or equal to 1um, and the mass ratio of the pearl powder to the deionized water is 1: 20; the temperature of the extraction kettle is controlled to be 38-42 ℃, and the pressure is55-65MPa, regulating CO2The flow rate was 25L/h and the transit time was 2 hours.
3. The use of CO of claim 12The method for extracting pearl protein by supercritical fluid technology is characterized in that a cooling device is added in the separation kettle in the step 2, and the temperature of the separation kettle is controlled at 0 ℃.
4. The use of CO of claim 12The method for extracting pearl protein by supercritical fluid technology is characterized in that the pressure in the separation kettle in the step 2 is controlled between 4.0MPa and 5.5 MPa.
5. The use of CO of claim 12The method for extracting pearl protein by supercritical fluid technology is characterized in that the pH value of the phosphate buffer solution in the step 3 is 7.2, and the flow rate is 0.5 ml/min.
6. The use of CO of claim 12The method for extracting the pearl protein by the supercritical fluid technology is characterized in that the pearl protein solution obtained in the step 3 is heated to 15-20 ℃, filtered, and the filtrate is added into a SephadexG-75 gel filtration column for purification.
7. The use of CO of claim 12The method for extracting pearl protein by supercritical fluid technology is characterized in that recycled carbon dioxide gas and fresh carbon dioxide sequentially pass through a heat exchanger, a filter, a compressor or a pump and the heat exchanger and enter an extraction kettle for gas supply.
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| CN114224044A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-25 | 海南京润珍珠科技有限公司 | Supercritical pearl bleaching method and device |
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| 马海乐: "超临界CO2萃取技术及其在生物资源开发利用中应用的最新进展(Ⅱ)", 《包装与食品机械》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113559240A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-10-29 | 浙江长生鸟健康科技股份有限公司 | Pearl polypeptide liquid, separation and extraction process and application thereof in promoting wound healing |
| CN114224044A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-25 | 海南京润珍珠科技有限公司 | Supercritical pearl bleaching method and device |
| CN114224044B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-12-19 | 海南京润珍珠科技有限公司 | Supercritical pearl bleaching method and device |
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