CN111362605B - Production equipment and method for producing alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by using industrial by-product gypsum - Google Patents
Production equipment and method for producing alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by using industrial by-product gypsum Download PDFInfo
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- B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production device and a method for producing alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by industrial by-product gypsum. Hyperbolic grooves are arranged on the surface of the inner wall of the shell and the surface of the stirring blade at intervals, and hyperbolic convex bodies are correspondingly arranged on the surface of the anti-sticking layer; the two side edges of the longitudinal section of the hyperbolic convex body and the hyperbolic groove both accord with a hyperbolic formula. When the hyperbolic shape is adopted for inlaying, the convex body can be smoothly inlaid and is prevented from being extruded to deform. The production equipment is adopted to produce the alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum by taking the industrial byproduct gypsum with the water content of 15-20% as a raw material. The method can improve the proportion of solid raw materials and finished products in the production of the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by a liquid phase method, reduce process links, improve the product quality, the effective volume of production equipment and the production efficiency, and reduce the production energy consumption and the investment of a production line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plaster of paris processing, in particular to alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum (alpha-CaSO) taking industrial by-product gypsum as a raw material4·
H2O) production apparatus and method.
Background
The traditional production process of alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum comprises two processes, one process is an 'autoclaved method', blocky dihydrate gypsum is used as a raw material, a semi-crystal water is removed by autoclaving in saturated steam, then drying and grinding are carried out, and alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum powder can be obtained, the strength of the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum produced by the process is generally 25 MPa-35 MPa, and the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum powder is used for building materials and ceramic molds; the other is a 'liquid phase method' production process, which takes powdery dihydrate gypsum as a raw material, carries out hot boiling at the temperature of about 140 ℃ (the corresponding saturated vapor pressure is about 0.4 MPa) in water in a sealed reaction kettle, removes a semi-crystal water from the raw material, then quickly cools, reduces the pressure of the vapor to normal pressure, discharges the vapor into a high-speed centrifuge for primary drying, then carries out airflow drying to completely dry alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum, and finally carries out primary grinding to obtain the alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum finished product.
The alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum produced by the liquid phase method has high strength and wide application; the industrial by-product gypsum is powdery, the production of the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by adopting a liquid phase method is most direct and simple, and the production equipment is mainly a high-pressure high-temperature reaction kettle with a stirring function. However, the biggest problems with this process are: a large amount of process water is needed, namely the weight proportion of solid raw materials (dihydrate gypsum powder) contained in the water medium in the production cannot be higher than 30 percent, so that after semi-crystalline water of industrial by-product gypsum is removed, the weight proportion of alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum in the water medium is only about 24 percent; this is because if there is not a large amount of water, firstly, as the conversion amount of the cementing material, i.e. hemihydrate gypsum, in the reaction kettle gradually increases, the hemihydrate gypsum adhered to the stirring blades gradually accumulates, so that the stirring resistance is very large; and secondly, if the concentration of the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum in the produced alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum slurry is high, when the temperature is reduced and the steam pressure is reduced to normal pressure, the saturated alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum is quickly reduced and solidified into blocky di-hydrated gypsum which is stuck on the stirring blades and the inner wall of the reaction kettle, so that the produced alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum slurry cannot be discharged into a high-speed centrifuge for primary drying. Therefore, the production process necessarily requires that the weight proportion of the dihydrate gypsum contained in the aqueous medium is not higher than 30%; a large amount of heat energy is wasted when a large amount of water used as a medium is heated and dried, and the effective volume proportion of production equipment is low, so that the equipment investment and the production cost are increased; in addition, the reaction process link and the drying process link of the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum are respectively arranged in different devices, and the temperature of the material conveying link between the different devices is lower than the temperature of converting the semi-hydrated gypsum into the dihydrate gypsum, so that the product quality is reduced and the equipment investment is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to reduce the water consumption of the production process, thereby providing a production device and a method for producing alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by industrial by-product gypsum.
According to one aspect of the invention, the production equipment for producing the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by using the industrial byproduct gypsum comprises a shell and a stirring device, wherein the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft arranged along the axial direction of the shell and stirring blades which are vertically fixed on the circumferential surface of the stirring shaft and are used for stirring materials in the shell; the polytetrafluoroethylene anti-sticking layer is attached to the surface of the inner wall of the shell and the surface of the stirring blade.
Furthermore, hyperbolic grooves are arranged on the surface of the inner wall of the shell and the surface of the stirring blade at intervals, and hyperbolic convex bodies which are embedded into the hyperbolic grooves at intervals are arranged on the surface of the anti-sticking layer at intervals; two sides of the longitudinal section of the hyperbolic convex body and the hyperbolic groove accord with the following hyperbolic formula: x is the number of2/a2-y2/b2=1，b=
and a, the real axis is parallel to the rotating shaft, and the virtual axis is perpendicular to the rotating shaft.
Furthermore, the extension line direction of the end parts of the hyperbolic convex body and the hyperbolic concave groove is vertical to the direction of the stirring shaft, and the distance is 15 cm-20 cm.
Furthermore, the hyperbolic convex body and the inner wall of the hyperbolic groove are bonded through glue.
Furthermore, the shell is a steam heating double-layer shell, a feed inlet is formed in the top of the shell, a steam exhaust pipe is arranged on the side face of the feed inlet, a discharge device is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and the stirring shaft is connected with a transmission device driving the stirring shaft to rotate.
According to another aspect of the invention, a production method for producing alpha-hemihydrate gypsum from industrial by-product gypsum is provided, wherein the production equipment is adopted, industrial by-product gypsum with a water content of 15-20% and an alpha-hemihydrate gypsum reaction catalyst are added into the production equipment, and moist alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is generated under the conditions of heating and stirring; and pumping steam until the alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is completely dried.
Preferably, the above method comprises:
step one, loading industrial by-product gypsum and an alpha-hemihydrate gypsum reaction catalyst which accounts for 1% of the weight of the industrial by-product gypsum into a reaction equipment from a feed inlet at the top of the reaction equipment, and simultaneously starting heating and starting a stirring device; when the material is filled to 65-75% of the net volume of the equipment, closing the feed inlet;
step two, continuously heating and stirring the raw materials; when the steam pressure reaches 0.35-0.45MPa, controlling the heating speed, keeping the constant pressure of 0.35-0.45MPa in the equipment for 3.5-4.5 hours, and generating wet alpha-hemihydrate gypsum;
step three, opening a steam exhaust pipe and a feed inlet of the reaction equipment, and exhausting steam until the steam pressure is zero; then closing the feed inlet, and starting a steam extraction system connected with a steam exhaust pipe to enable the interior of the equipment to form a vacuum state of 0.080-0.095 MPa;
and step four, pumping steam until the alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is completely dried, and stopping heating and stirring.
Further, after stopping heating and stirring, the discharge device of the reaction equipment is opened, and the dried alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is extracted by using a conventional pneumatic conveying system.
Further, after the dried alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is extracted, the discharging device is closed, and the feeding hole is opened to prepare for the next production.
Further, in the second step, the equipment is kept at a constant pressure of 0.4MPa for 3.5-4.5 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the polytetrafluoroethylene anti-sticking layer is attached to the surface of the inner wall of the shell and the surface of the stirring blade so as to reduce the sticking of the gypsum cementing material.
Hyperbolic grooves are arranged on the surface of the inner wall of the shell and the surface of the stirring blade at intervals, and hyperbolic convex bodies are correspondingly arranged on the surface of the anti-sticking layer; the two side edges of the longitudinal section of the hyperbolic convex body and the hyperbolic groove both accord with a hyperbolic formula. When the hyperbolic shape is adopted for inlaying, firstly, the polytetrafluoroethylene inlaying bulge body can be smoothly inlaid, and the tight combination after inlaying is not influenced because the polytetrafluoroethylene inlaying bulge body is extruded and deformed; and secondly, when the embedding intervals are equal, the polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer material is firmly attached to the steel inner wall and the stirring blades of the reaction equipment.
After the reaction equipment is transformed, the cementing material characteristic of the high-strength gypsum is not adhered, stacked and solidified on the inner wall of the shell 1 and the stirring blades any more in the production of the high-strength gypsum, so that the industrial byproduct gypsum with low water content can be used as a raw material when the industrial byproduct gypsum is used for producing the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum. The method can improve the proportion of solid raw materials and finished products in the production of the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by a liquid phase method, reduce process links, improve the product quality, the effective volume of production equipment and the production efficiency, and reduce the production energy consumption and the investment of a production line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a production facility for producing alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum from industrial by-product gypsum according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the matching connection of the hyperbolic grooves and the hyperbolic convex bodies.
In the figure, 1-shell, 2-stirring shaft, 3-stirring blade, 4-anti-sticking layer, 5-hyperbolic groove, 6-hyperbolic convex body, 7-feeding hole, 8-steam exhaust pipe, 9-discharging device and 10-transmission device.
Detailed Description
Production equipment
The production equipment for producing the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum from the industrial byproduct gypsum, which is provided by the embodiment, is horizontal reaction equipment with a stirring function, and referring to fig. 1, comprises a shell 1 and a stirring device, wherein the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft 2 arranged along the axial direction of the shell, and a stirring blade 3 which is vertically fixed on the circumferential surface of the stirring shaft 2 and is used for stirring materials in the shell 1. The shell 1 is a steam heating double-layer shell, the top of the shell 1 is provided with a feed inlet 7, the side wall of the feed inlet 7 is provided with a steam exhaust pipe 8, the bottom of the shell 1 is provided with a discharge device 9, and the stirring shaft 2 is connected with a transmission device 10 which drives the shell to rotate.
In order to prevent the dihydrate gypsum from sticking to the inner wall of the casing 1 and the stirring vanes 3, an anti-sticking layer 4 is attached to the inner wall surface of the casing 1 and the surfaces of the stirring vanes 3. The anti-sticking layer 4 is not only attached to the inner wall surface of the shell 1, but also attached to the surface of the stirring blade 3; the inventor firstly finds that the gypsum cementing material has no bonding property only on the polytetrafluoroethylene material through a comparative test of different materials; meanwhile, the material can resist high temperature (250 ℃) and high humidity, and meets the material requirement of high-strength gypsum production equipment. Therefore, polytetrafluoroethylene was chosen as the release layer material. However, the polytetrafluoroethylene material has low surface energy, very small friction force, self-lubricity, large contact angle of the surface to liquid, poor wettability and very small adhesion capability, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene material has poor adhesion with other substances; especially, when the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene material is acted by the movement of the material, the polytetrafluoroethylene material cannot be adhered to the inner wall surface of the shell 1 and the surface of the stirring blade 3 for a long time.
In order to solve the problem of adhesion of the polytetrafluoroethylene material to the steel inner wall of the reaction equipment and the steel stirring blades, the idea of the invention is to adopt an inlaying method to adhere the polytetrafluoroethylene material to the steel inner wall of the reaction equipment and the steel stirring blades together and ensure that an attached layer of the polytetrafluoroethylene can be kept intact for a long time when the materials are stirred by the stirring blades 3 in the reaction equipment for heat exchange. However, because the elasticity of the polytetrafluoroethylene material is very small, if the commonly used dovetail-shaped embedding groove is adopted, the problems exist that the polytetrafluoroethylene material is difficult to embed, and the polytetrafluoroethylene material is deformed and cannot be tightly embedded with the groove.
Aiming at the technical problem, through deduction of different mathematical models (or formulas) and different parameters of the same mathematical model (or formula), and verification, the inventor finds that when the hyperbolic curve type embedding is adopted, firstly, the polytetrafluoroethylene embedding bulge body can be smoothly embedded, the polytetrafluoroethylene embedding bulge body cannot be extruded to deform, and the tight combination after embedding is influenced; and secondly, when the embedding intervals are equal, the polytetrafluoroethylene thin layer material is firmly attached to the steel inner wall and the stirring blades of the reaction equipment. Thereby ensuringAccording to the technical means of the embodiment, hyperbolic grooves 5 are arranged on the surface of the inner wall of the shell 1 and the surface of the stirring blade 3 at intervals, the surfaces of the anti-sticking layers 4 are provided with the matching embedding hyperbolic convex bodies 6 of the hyperbolic grooves 5, the inner wall of the shell 1 is provided with the hyperbolic grooves, the structure is shown in a reference figure 2, and the arrangement structure of the hyperbolic grooves on the stirring blade 3 is the same as that of the shell 1. The two side edges of the longitudinal section of the hyperbolic convex body 6 and the hyperbolic concave groove 5 accord with the following hyperbolic formula: x is the number of2/a2-y2/b2In the range of b =2a to 3a, the release layer 4 can be smoothly inserted and the amount of deformation is significantly reduced, particularly when b =1
and a, the effect is optimal. The real axis of the hyperbola is parallel to the rotation axis, and the imaginary axis is perpendicular to the rotation axis.
In a preferred embodiment, the direction of extension of the hyperbolic convex body 6 and the end of the hyperbolic concave groove 5 embedded in the steel inner wall is perpendicular to the direction of the stirring shaft 2, and the distance is 15cm to 20cm, so that the polytetrafluoroethylene release layer can be further firmly adhered to the inner wall of the steel shell 1 and the stirring blade 3, and the effect is best when the distance is equal.
The hyperbolic convex body 6 and the inner wall of the hyperbolic groove 5 are bonded through glue, so that the space between the hyperbolic convex body 6 and the hyperbolic groove 5 is sealed, and the two materials are further attached and sucked tightly.
After the reaction equipment is modified, the cementing material characteristic in the high-strength gypsum production is not bonded, stacked and solidified on the inner wall of the shell 1 and the stirring blades 3 any more, so that the industrial by-product gypsum with low water content can be used as a raw material when the industrial by-product gypsum is used for producing the alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum.
Production method of alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum
The embodiment provides a method for producing alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum from industrial by-product gypsum. Adding industrial by-product gypsum with the water content of 15-20% and an alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum reaction catalyst into the production equipment by adopting the production equipment, wherein the alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum reaction catalyst is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium hexametaphosphate, and generating wet alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum under the conditions of heating and stirring; and pumping steam until the alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is completely dried.
In a relatively specific embodiment, the method for producing alpha-hemihydrate gypsum from industrial by-product gypsum comprises:
step one, loading industrial by-product gypsum and an alpha-hemihydrate gypsum reaction catalyst which accounts for 1% of the weight of the industrial by-product gypsum into a reaction equipment from a feed inlet 7 at the top of the reaction equipment, and simultaneously starting heating and starting a stirring device; when the material is filled to 65-75% of the net volume of the equipment, closing the feed inlet;
step two, continuously heating and stirring the raw materials; when the steam pressure reaches 0.35-0.45MPa, controlling the heating speed, keeping the constant pressure of 0.35-0.45MPa in the equipment for 3.5-4.5 hours, and under the condition of highest quality-cost performance ratio, generating wet alpha-hemihydrate gypsum with better effect in the pressure range; preferably, in step two, the equipment is kept at a constant pressure of 0.4MPa for 3.5-4.5 hours.
Step three, opening a steam exhaust pipe 8 and a feed inlet 7 of the reaction equipment, and exhausting steam until the steam pressure is zero; then closing the feed inlet, and starting a steam extraction system connected with the steam exhaust pipe 8 to enable the interior of the equipment to form a vacuum state of 0.080-0.095 MPa;
and step four, pumping steam until the alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is completely dried, and stopping heating and stirring.
Preferably, after the heating and stirring are stopped, the discharge means of the reaction apparatus is opened and the dried alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is withdrawn using a conventional pneumatic conveying system.
Preferably, after the extraction of the dried alpha-hemihydrate gypsum, the discharge device 9 is closed and the feed opening 7 is opened, ready for the next production.
The claimed solution is further illustrated by the following examples. However, the examples are intended to illustrate embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the subject matter of the invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited by the examples. Unless otherwise specifically indicated, the materials and reagents used in the present invention are available from commercial products in the art.
Example 1
The production equipment that this embodiment provided, casing 1 is the double-deck casing of steam heating, and 1 top of casing sets up feed inlet 7, and feed inlet 7 side sets up exhaust pipe 8, and 1 bottom of casing sets up discharging device 9, and (mixing) shaft 2 links to each other with driving its pivoted transmission 10. A stirring shaft 2 is axially arranged along the shell 1, stirring blades 3 are arranged on the circumferential surface of the stirring shaft 2, and polytetrafluoroethylene anti-sticking layers 4 are attached to the surface of the inner wall of the shell 1 and the surface of the stirring blades 3.
Example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that the spacing between the hyperbolic convex bodies, and between the hyperbolic concave grooves, is 20 cm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for producing alpha-hemihydrate gypsum from industrial byproduct gypsum.
Firstly, loading industrial by-product gypsum with the water content of 15 percent and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate serving as an alpha-hemihydrate gypsum reaction catalyst accounting for 1 percent of the weight of the industrial by-product gypsum into a reaction device from a feed inlet 7 at the top of the reaction device, and simultaneously starting heating and starting a stirring device; when the material is filled to 70% of the net volume of the equipment, closing the feed inlet;
step two, continuously heating and stirring the raw materials; when the steam pressure reaches 0.35 MPa, controlling the heating speed, and keeping the constant pressure of 0.35 MPa in the equipment for 3.5 hours to generate wet alpha-hemihydrate gypsum;
step three, opening a steam exhaust pipe 8 and a feed inlet 7 of the reaction equipment, and exhausting steam until the steam pressure is zero; then closing the feed inlet, and starting a steam extraction system connected with the steam exhaust pipe 8 to ensure that the inside of the equipment is in a 0.080 MPa vacuum state;
and step four, pumping steam until the alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is completely dried, stopping heating and stirring, opening a discharging device of the reaction equipment, pumping the dried alpha-hemihydrate gypsum by using a conventional airflow conveying system, closing the discharging device 9, opening the feeding hole 7, and preparing for next production.
Example 4
The difference from example 3 is that: in the first step, industrial by-product gypsum with the water content of 20 percent and alpha-hemihydrate gypsum reaction catalyst sodium hexametaphosphate accounting for 1 percent of the weight of the industrial by-product gypsum are used as raw materials. In the second step, when the steam pressure reaches 0.4MPa, the heating speed is controlled, the constant pressure of 0.4MPa in the equipment is kept for 4 hours, and the moist alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is generated. In the third step, the steam extraction system connected with the steam exhaust pipe 8 is started, so that the inside of the equipment is in a vacuum state of 0.095 MPa.
Example 5
The difference from example 3 is that: in the first step, industrial by-product gypsum with the water content of 18 percent is used as a raw material. In the second step, when the steam pressure reaches 0.45MPa, the heating speed is controlled, the constant pressure of 0.45MPa in the equipment is kept for 4.5 hours, and the moist alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is generated. In the third step, the steam extraction system connected with the steam exhaust pipe 8 is started, so that the inside of the equipment is in a vacuum state of 0.090 MPa.
Claims (8)
1. A production device for producing alpha-type semi-hydrated gypsum by using industrial by-product gypsum comprises a shell and a stirring device, wherein the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft arranged along the axial direction of the shell and stirring blades which are vertically fixed on the circumferential surface of the stirring shaft and are used for stirring materials in the shell; the method is characterized in that: polytetrafluoroethylene adhered to surface of inner wall of shell and surface of stirring bladeSticking a layer; hyperbolic grooves are arranged on the surface of the inner wall of the shell and the surface of the stirring blade at intervals, and hyperbolic convex bodies which are embedded into the hyperbolic grooves at intervals are arranged on the surface of the anti-sticking layer at intervals; two sides of the longitudinal section of the hyperbolic convex body and the hyperbolic groove accord with the following hyperbolic formula: x is the number of2/a2-y2/b2=1，b= 
a, a real axis is parallel to the rotating shaft, and a virtual axis is vertical to the rotating shaft;
adopting the production equipment to produce alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum, adding industrial by-product gypsum with the water content of 15-20% and an alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum reaction catalyst into the production equipment, and generating wet alpha-semi-hydrated gypsum under the conditions of heating and stirring; and pumping steam until the alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is completely dried.
2. The production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the extension line direction of the hyperbolic convex body and the end part of the hyperbolic groove is vertical to the direction of the stirring shaft, and the distance is 15 cm-20 cm.
3. The production apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the hyperbolic convex body and the inner wall of the hyperbolic groove are bonded through glue.
4. The production apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the shell is a steam heating double-layer shell, a feed inlet is formed in the top of the shell, a steam exhaust pipe is arranged on the side face of the feed inlet, a discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the shell, and a stirring shaft is connected with a transmission device which drives the stirring shaft to rotate.
5. The production facility of claim 4, wherein the step of producing alpha hemihydrate gypsum comprises:
step one, loading industrial by-product gypsum and an alpha-hemihydrate gypsum reaction catalyst which accounts for 1% of the weight of the industrial by-product gypsum into a reaction equipment from a feed inlet at the top of the reaction equipment, and simultaneously starting heating and starting a stirring device; when the material is filled to 65-75% of the net volume of the equipment, closing the feed inlet;
step two, continuously heating and stirring the raw materials; when the steam pressure reaches 0.35-0.45MPa, controlling the heating speed, keeping the constant pressure of 0.35-0.45MPa in the equipment for 3.5-4.5 hours, and generating wet alpha-hemihydrate gypsum;
step three, opening a steam exhaust pipe and a feed inlet of the reaction equipment, and exhausting steam until the steam pressure is zero; then closing the feed inlet, and starting a steam extraction system connected with a steam exhaust pipe to enable the interior of the equipment to form a vacuum state of 0.080-0.095 MPa;
and step four, pumping steam until the alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is completely dried, and stopping heating and stirring.
6. The production apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: after stopping heating and stirring, the discharge device of the reaction equipment is opened, and the dried alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is extracted by using a conventional pneumatic conveying system.
7. The production apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: and after the dried alpha-hemihydrate gypsum is pumped out, closing the discharging device, and opening the feeding hole to prepare for the next production.
8. The production apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: in the second step, the equipment is kept at a constant pressure of 0.4MPa for 3.5-4.5 hours.
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