CN111362502A - Device for treating rural domestic wastewater by utilizing three-stage artificial wetland - Google Patents
Device for treating rural domestic wastewater by utilizing three-stage artificial wetland Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
Abstract
The invention provides a device for treating rural domestic wastewater by utilizing a three-stage artificial wetland, which comprises a pretreatment module for pretreating rural wastewater, an artificial wetland module for deeply treating the pretreated rural wastewater and water inlet/outlet equipment for wastewater transmission; the pretreatment module comprises a primary sedimentation tank, a load-reducing biochemical tank and a filtering tank which are connected in sequence; the constructed wetland module comprises an constructed wetland pool and a retention pool, wherein the constructed wetland pool comprises a first constructed wetland pool, a second constructed wetland pool and a third constructed wetland pool, and the retention pool comprises a first water retention pool and a second water retention pool; the invention can effectively enhance the hydraulic load capacity by utilizing the load-reducing biochemical pool to be matched with the three-stage artificial wetland, and does not need to input a large amount of manpower or repel huge resources; the operation does not produce secondary pollution, and is suitable for mass popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment equipment, in particular to a device for treating rural domestic wastewater by using a three-stage artificial wetland.
Background
China is a large agricultural population country, and the base number of domestic sewage discharge in rural areas is large. At present, due to rapid rural economic development, the living standard of farmers is greatly improved, but rural environmental construction and economic development are asynchronous, and the problem of water environment pollution is particularly serious.
The direct discharge of domestic sewage in rural areas occurs sometimes, and the eutrophication of water body is easily caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. Environmental protection consciousness in rural areas is generally weak, a matched pipeline and a treatment system are not perfect, the phenomenon that domestic sewage is discharged randomly without being treated is visible everywhere, and in addition, a plurality of scattered sewage conditions which are not standardized in workshops exist, sewage is discharged to pollute ponds and rivers, even the self-purification capacity of a water body is broken through, so that a smelly water body is generated, and the water environment is greatly deteriorated. Untreated domestic sewage is discharged at will, so that the water quality of ditches and ponds blackens and becomes smelly, mosquitoes breed, the rural living environment is affected, the physical health of residents is threatened, and meanwhile, the pollution of drinking water sources and the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs can be caused.
The artificial wetland is an effective wastewater treatment system. The artificial wetland is used for treating rural domestic sewage, is different from the traditional urban sewage treatment mode, and is matched with the treatment requirement of rural domestic sewage in terms of actual process applicability, investment and daily operation, maintenance and management cost.
In the prior art, the type of the artificial wetland for wastewater treatment is single, and the dirt-removing capacity of the artificial wetland is weak because the hydraulic load of the artificial wetland is small.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a device for treating rural domestic wastewater by using three-stage artificial wetlands, which can effectively reduce the problem of small hydraulic load of a single artificial wetland by using the three-stage artificial wetlands and effectively enhance the dirt-removing capacity.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a device for treating rural domestic wastewater by using a three-stage artificial wetland comprises a pretreatment module for pretreating rural wastewater, an artificial wetland module for deeply treating the pretreated rural wastewater and a water inlet/outlet device for wastewater transmission; the pretreatment module comprises a primary sedimentation tank, a load-reducing biochemical tank and a filtering tank which are connected in sequence; the constructed wetland module comprises an constructed wetland pool and a retention pool, the constructed wetland pool comprises a first constructed wetland pool, a second constructed wetland pool and a third constructed wetland pool, and the retention pool comprises a first water retention pool and a second water retention pool;
the first artificial wetland pool, the first water retention pool, the second artificial wetland pool, the second water retention pool and the third artificial wetland pool are sequentially connected;
the water inlet/outlet equipment comprises pre-treatment water outlet equipment, first water inlet equipment, first water outlet equipment, second water inlet equipment, second water outlet equipment, third water inlet equipment and third water outlet equipment; the pretreatment water outlet equipment is used for connecting the pretreatment module and the artificial wetland module;
the first artificial wetland pool comprises a first substrate layer, a first filler layer and a first impermeable layer; the first substrate layer, the first filler layer and the first impermeable layer are sequentially arranged in the first artificial wetland pool from top to bottom; the first water inlet equipment is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool with the filtering pool; the first water outlet equipment is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool and the first water retention pool, and the first water outlet equipment pumps the wastewater treated by the first artificial wetland pool from the upper part of the first artificial wetland pool to the bottom of the first water retention pool;
the second artificial wetland pool comprises a second substrate layer, an adsorption layer, a second filler layer and a second impermeable layer; the second substrate layer, the adsorption layer, the second filler layer and the second impermeable layer are sequentially arranged in the second artificial wetland pool from top to bottom; the second water inlet equipment is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool with the first water retention pool, and the second water inlet equipment pumps the wastewater on the upper part of the first water retention pool to the bottom of the second artificial wetland pool; the second water outlet equipment is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool and the second water retention pool, and the second water outlet equipment pumps the wastewater treated by the second artificial wetland pool from the upper part of the second artificial wetland pool to the bottom of the second water retention pool;
the third constructed wetland pool comprises a third substrate layer, a third packing layer and a third permeation prevention layer; the third substrate layer, the third filler layer and the third permeation prevention layer are sequentially arranged in the third artificial wetland pool from top to bottom; the third water inlet equipment pumps the wastewater on the upper part of the second water retention tank to the bottom of the third artificial wetland tank; the third water outlet equipment pumps the wastewater treated by the third artificial wetland pool from the upper part of the third artificial wetland pool;
a biological biofilm culturing component and aeration equipment are arranged in the first water retention tank; the aeration equipment is connected with an external fan.
Further, the device also comprises water quality monitoring equipment; the water quality monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the water quality inside each pool body of the pretreatment module and the constructed wetland module; the water quality monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the wastewater in each module in real time, so that the water retention time of sewage which is discharged not up to the standard can be prolonged in actual operation; can effectively avoid discharging waste water which does not meet the standard.
Furthermore, the water inlet/outlet equipment also comprises water distribution equipment and reflux equipment; the water diversion equipment comprises first water diversion equipment, second water diversion equipment and third water diversion equipment; the first water diversion equipment is used for connecting the load-reducing biochemical pool with the first artificial wetland pool, the second water diversion equipment is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool with the second artificial wetland pool, and the third water diversion equipment is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool with the third artificial wetland pool; the backflow equipment is used for connecting the third artificial wetland pool with the first water retention pool, the second artificial wetland pool and the second water retention pool; the combination of the water quality monitoring equipment can carry out backflow retreatment on the wastewater which does not reach the standard, and the wastewater transmission among the treatment modules is realized by utilizing the flow dividing equipment and the backflow equipment, so that the dirt-removing capacity of the device can be effectively enhanced.
Further, the first substrate layer, the second substrate layer and the third substrate layer respectively comprise a wetland plant layer and a soil layer from top to bottom; soil is utilized to further provide nutrients for wetland plants, and because carbon source nutrients in rural domestic sewage are limited, the survival rate of the wetland plants can be effectively ensured by the arrangement of the soil layer.
Furthermore, the wetland plant layer of the first substrate layer adopts tung tree; the wetland plant layer of the second matrix layer adopts bruguiera gymnorrhiza; the wetland plant layer of the third substrate layer adopts mangrove; the jatropha curcas, the bruguiera gymnorrhiza and the mangrove are common wetland plants and have good purification function on waste water.
Furthermore, the first packing layer, the second packing layer and the third packing layer are all made of water treatment modified ceramsite packing; the water treatment modified ceramsite has the characteristics of high porosity, high water absorption and the like, and the effect of intercepting wastewater impurities can be effectively enhanced after the raw materials of the water treatment modified ceramsite are screened and modified.
Further, the water treatment modified ceramsite filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-50% of modified bauxite, 15-20% of modified fly ash, 12-15% of coal gangue, 10-13% of zeolite, 2-5% of alkali-free glass fiber and 0-16% of water supply sludge.
Further, the preparation method of the water treatment modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: modification of bauxite
Placing dried natural bauxite in a lining of a reaction kettle, adding a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.8-1.4 mol/L for acid treatment, washing with deionized water until a washing liquid is neutral, then ultrasonically oscillating for 1.5-3 h, filtering, and then roasting to obtain modified bauxite;
step two: modification of fly ash
Placing the dried fly ash into a lining of a reaction kettle, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 2mol/L, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 1.5-2 h, then carrying out centrifugal treatment, and drying for 0.5-2 h at the temperature of 95-105 ℃ to obtain modified fly ash;
step three: milling and homogenizing
Respectively drying the modified bauxite, the modified fly ash, the coal gangue, the zeolite, the alkali-free glass fiber and the water supply sludge to constant weight, and then preparing the dried materials into modified bauxite powder, modified fly ash powder, coal gangue powder, zeolite powder, alkali-free glass fiber powder and water supply sludge powder by using ball milling equipment;
step four: mixing and granulating
Taking 45-50% of modified bauxite powder, 15-20% of modified fly ash powder, 12-15% of coal gangue powder, 10-13% of zeolite powder, 2-5% of alkali-free glass fiber powder and 0-16% of water supply sludge powder according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing on a mixing device, and preparing a spherical blank with the particle size of 7-10 mm on a ceramsite granulator;
step five: preparation of ceramsite
Drying the blank at 90-110 ℃ for 1.5-3 h, and then heating to 450-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preheating for 15-30 min; and heating to 1100-1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, sintering for 18-30 min, and cooling to obtain the water treatment modified ceramsite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the load-reducing biochemical pool to be matched with the three-stage artificial wetland, can effectively enhance the hydraulic load capacity and can effectively improve the water body purification and restoration functions;
2. meanwhile, a specially-made water treatment modified filler is adopted, and the material is cheap and easy to obtain and has strong adsorption capacity; the surface of the material has higher porosity, so that the inhabitation point of microorganisms can be increased, and more pollutants can be accommodated;
3. the invention has low overall cost, and does not need to invest a large amount of manpower or repel huge capital; the method does not produce secondary pollution during operation, can effectively improve the ecological environment in rural areas, and is suitable for mass popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an artificial wetland module of the invention;
wherein, 1-pretreatment module, 11-primary sedimentation tank, 12-load-reducing biochemical tank, 13-filter tank, 21-first artificial wetland tank, 211-first water inlet device, 212-first water outlet device, 213-first matrix layer, 214-first packing layer, 215-first impermeable layer, 22-second artificial wetland tank, 221-second water inlet device, 222-second water outlet device, 223-second matrix layer, 224-adsorption layer, 225-second packing layer, 226-second impermeable layer, 23-third artificial wetland tank, 231-third water inlet device, 232-third water outlet device, 233-third matrix layer, 234-third packing layer, 235-third impermeable layer, 3-retention tank, 31-first water tank retention tank, 311-a biological biofilm culturing component, 312-an aeration device and 32-a second water retention tank.
Detailed Description
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, the device for treating rural domestic wastewater by using a three-stage artificial wetland comprises a pretreatment module 1 for pretreating rural wastewater, an artificial wetland module for deeply treating the pretreated rural wastewater, and water inlet/outlet equipment for wastewater transmission; the pretreatment module 1 comprises a primary sedimentation tank 11, a load-reducing biochemical tank 12 and a filtering tank 13 which are connected in sequence; the constructed wetland module comprises an constructed wetland pool 2 and a retention pool 3, wherein the constructed wetland pool 2 comprises a first constructed wetland pool 21, a second constructed wetland pool 22 and a third constructed wetland pool 23, and the retention pool 3 comprises a first water retention pool 31 and a second water retention pool 32;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a first artificial wetland pool 21, a first water retention pool 31, a second artificial wetland pool 22, a second water retention pool 32 and a third artificial wetland pool 23 are connected in sequence;
the water inlet/outlet equipment comprises pre-treatment water outlet equipment, first water inlet equipment 211, first water outlet equipment 212, second water inlet equipment 221, second water outlet equipment 222, third water inlet equipment 231, third water outlet equipment 232, water distribution equipment and backflow equipment; the pretreatment water outlet equipment is used for connecting the pretreatment module 1 and the artificial wetland module; the water diversion equipment comprises first water diversion equipment, second water diversion equipment and third water diversion equipment; the first water diversion equipment is used for connecting the load-reducing biochemical pool 12 with the first artificial wetland pool 21, the second water diversion equipment is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool 21 with the second artificial wetland pool 22, and the third water diversion equipment is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool 22 with the third artificial wetland pool 23; the backflow equipment is used for connecting the third artificial wetland tank 23 with the first water retention tank 31, the second artificial wetland tank 22 and the second water retention tank 32;
as shown in fig. 2, the first artificial wetland tank 21 comprises a first base layer 213, a first filler layer 214, and a first impermeable layer 215; the first substrate layer 213, the first filler layer 214 and the first impermeable layer 215 are sequentially arranged in the first artificial wetland tank 21 from top to bottom; the first water inlet device 211 is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool 21 with the filtering pool 13; the first water outlet device 212 is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool 21 with the first water retention pool 31, and the first water outlet device 212 pumps the wastewater treated by the first artificial wetland pool 21 at the upper part of the first artificial wetland pool 21 to the bottom of the first water retention pool 31; wherein, the first impermeable layer 215 adopts a concrete layer;
as shown in fig. 2, the second artificial wetland tank 22 comprises a second substrate layer 223, an adsorption layer 224, a second filler layer 225, and a second impermeable layer 226; the second substrate layer 223, the adsorption layer 224, the second filler layer 225 and the second impermeable layer 226 are sequentially arranged in the second artificial wetland pool 22 from top to bottom; the second water inlet device 221 is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool 22 with the first water retention pool 31, and the second water inlet device 221 pumps the wastewater at the upper part of the first water retention pool 31 to the bottom of the second artificial wetland pool 22; the second water outlet device 222 is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool 22 with the second water retention pool 32, and the second water outlet device 222 pumps the wastewater treated by the second artificial wetland pool 22 at the upper part of the second artificial wetland pool 22 to the bottom of the second water retention pool 32; wherein, the second impermeable layer 215 adopts a concrete layer; the adsorption layer 224 is an activated carbon layer;
as shown in fig. 2, the third artificial wetland tank 23 includes a third base layer 233, a third filler layer 234, and a third permeation prevention layer 235; the third matrix layer 233, the third packing layer 234 and the third permeation prevention layer 235 are sequentially arranged inside the third artificial wetland tank 23 from top to bottom; the third water inlet device 231 pumps the wastewater at the upper part of the second water retention tank 32 to the bottom of the third artificial wetland tank 23; the third water outlet device 232 pumps the wastewater treated by the third artificial wetland tank 23 from the upper part of the third artificial wetland tank 23; wherein, the third penetration prevention layer 235 adopts fine sand and clay according to the mass percentage of 35%: a mixed layer of 65%;
a biological biofilm culturing component 311 and an aeration device 312 are arranged in the first water retention tank 31; the aeration device 312 is connected with an external fan; the biofilm culturing component 311 adopts a commercially available biofilm culturing combined filler;
the first matrix layer 213, the second matrix layer 223 and the third matrix layer 233 respectively comprise a wetland plant layer and a soil layer from top to bottom; wherein, the wetland plant layer of the first substrate layer 213 adopts tung tree; the wetland plant layer of the second matrix layer 223 adopts bruguiera gymnorrhiza; the wetland plant layer of the third substrate layer 233 adopts mangrove;
the first packing layer 214, the second packing layer 225 and the third packing layer 234 all adopt water treatment modified ceramsite packing;
the water treatment modified ceramsite filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of modified bauxite, 15% of modified fly ash, 12% of coal gangue, 10% of zeolite, 2% of alkali-free glass fiber and 16% of water supply sludge.
The preparation method of the water treatment modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: modification of bauxite
Placing dried natural bauxite in a reaction kettle lining, adding a 0.8mol/L sulfuric acid solution with the volume 3.5 times that of the natural bauxite for acid treatment, washing with deionized water until a washing liquid is neutral, then carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 1.5h, then filtering and roasting to obtain modified bauxite; wherein the roasting temperature is 750 ℃, and the roasting time is 30 min;
step two: modification of fly ash
Placing the dried fly ash into a lining of a reaction kettle, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the volume 3 times that of the fly ash and the concentration of 2mol/L, ultrasonically oscillating for 1.5h, then centrifuging, and drying at 95 ℃ for 0.5h to obtain modified fly ash;
step three: milling and homogenizing
Respectively drying the modified bauxite, the modified fly ash, the coal gangue, the zeolite, the alkali-free glass fiber and the water supply sludge to constant weight, and then preparing the dried materials into modified bauxite powder, modified fly ash powder, coal gangue powder, zeolite powder, alkali-free glass fiber powder and water supply sludge powder by using ball milling equipment;
step four: mixing and granulating
Taking 45% of modified bauxite powder, 15% of modified fly ash powder, 12% of coal gangue powder, 10% of zeolite powder, 2% of alkali-free glass fiber powder and 16% of water supply sludge powder according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing on a mixing device, and preparing a spherical blank with the particle size of 7mm on a ceramsite granulator;
step five: preparation of ceramsite
Drying the blank at 90-110 ℃ for 1.5h, and then heating to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min for preheating for 15 min; heating to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, sintering for 18min, and cooling to obtain the water treatment modified ceramsite.
Example 2: the difference from example 1 is: the device also comprises water quality monitoring equipment; the water quality monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the water quality inside each pool body of the pretreatment module 1 and the artificial wetland module, and the water quality monitoring equipment specifically adopts a commercially available sewage treatment on-line monitoring system.
Example 3: the difference from example 1 is: the first packing layer 214, the second packing layer 225 and the third packing layer 234 all adopt water treatment modified ceramsite packing;
the water treatment modified ceramsite filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 48% of modified bauxite, 18% of modified fly ash, 14% of coal gangue, 12% of zeolite, 3% of alkali-free glass fiber and 5% of water supply sludge.
The preparation method of the water treatment modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: modification of bauxite
Placing dried natural bauxite in a reaction kettle lining, adding 1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution with the volume 1.3 times of that of the natural bauxite for acid treatment, washing with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, then ultrasonically oscillating for 2 hours, filtering and roasting to obtain modified bauxite;
step two: modification of fly ash
Placing the dried fly ash into a lining of a reaction kettle, adding a 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution with the volume 2.8 times of the volume of the fly ash, ultrasonically oscillating for 1.5h, then centrifuging, and drying for 1h at 100 ℃ to obtain modified fly ash; wherein the roasting temperature is 800 ℃, and the roasting time is 10 min;
step three: milling and homogenizing
Respectively drying the modified bauxite, the modified fly ash, the coal gangue, the zeolite, the alkali-free glass fiber and the water supply sludge to constant weight, and then preparing the dried materials into modified bauxite powder, modified fly ash powder, coal gangue powder, zeolite powder, alkali-free glass fiber powder and water supply sludge powder by using ball milling equipment;
step four: mixing and granulating
Taking 48% of modified bauxite powder, 18% of modified fly ash powder, 14% of coal gangue powder, 12% of zeolite powder, 3% of alkali-free glass fiber powder and 5% of water supply sludge powder according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing on a mixing device, and preparing a spherical blank with the particle size of 8mm on a ceramsite granulator;
step five: preparation of ceramsite
Drying the blank at 100 ℃ for 2h, and then heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min to preheat for 20 min; heating to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, sintering for 25min, and cooling to obtain the water treatment modified ceramsite.
Example 4: the difference from example 1 is: the first packing layer 214, the second packing layer 225 and the third packing layer 234 all adopt water treatment modified ceramsite packing;
the water treatment modified ceramsite filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of modified bauxite, 20% of modified fly ash, 15% of coal gangue, 13% of zeolite, 5% of alkali-free glass fiber and 16% of water supply sludge.
The preparation method of the water treatment modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: modification of bauxite
Placing dried natural bauxite in a reaction kettle lining, adding 1.4mol/L sulfuric acid solution with the volume 2.1 times of the volume of the natural bauxite, performing acid treatment, washing with deionized water until the washing liquid is neutral, performing ultrasonic oscillation for 3 hours, filtering, and performing roasting treatment to obtain modified bauxite;
step two: modification of fly ash
Placing the dried fly ash into a lining of a reaction kettle, adding a 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution with the volume 2.5 times of the volume of the fly ash, ultrasonically oscillating for 2 hours, then centrifuging, and drying for 2 hours at 105 ℃ to obtain modified fly ash; wherein the roasting temperature is 850 ℃, and the roasting time is 15 min;
step three: milling and homogenizing
Respectively drying the modified bauxite, the modified fly ash, the coal gangue, the zeolite, the alkali-free glass fiber and the water supply sludge to constant weight, and then preparing the dried materials into modified bauxite powder, modified fly ash powder, coal gangue powder, zeolite powder, alkali-free glass fiber powder and water supply sludge powder by using ball milling equipment;
step four: mixing and granulating
Taking 50% of modified bauxite powder, 20% of modified fly ash powder, 15% of coal gangue powder, 13% of zeolite powder and 5% of alkali-free glass fiber powder according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing on mixing equipment, and preparing a spherical blank with the particle size of 10mm on a ceramsite granulator;
step five: preparation of ceramsite
Drying the blank at 110 ℃ for 3h, and then heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min to preheat for 30 min; heating to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, sintering for 30min, and cooling to obtain the water treatment modified ceramsite.
Experimental example: wastewater treatment experiments were conducted on domestic sewage in a certain village in 2019 from 9/1/10/1 using the apparatuses described in examples 1, 3 and 4.
The experimental setup was A, B, C, D for four groups. A is the device of example 1, B is the modified ceramsite filler according to example 3 instead of the modified ceramsite filler in example 1, C is the modified ceramsite filler according to example 4 instead of the modified ceramsite filler in example 1, and D is a conventional vertical flow constructed wetland test set; wherein the planting density of each group is 3 plants/1.2 m2(ii) a The feed water sludge is taken from the drainage channel of the village; A. b, C, D the water retention time of the four groups are all10d。
The water quality index concentration ranges of inlet/outlet water during the test period are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 test of influent Water quality
TABLE 2 Water quality of the effluent
And (4) conclusion: as can be seen from the comparison of tables 1 and 2, the devices described in examples 1, 3 and 4 have better degradation effect on rural domestic sewage; the removal rate of each index can reach more than 80 percent, and is superior to the traditional constructed wetland system.
Claims (7)
1. A device for treating rural domestic wastewater by using a three-stage artificial wetland comprises a pretreatment module (1) for pretreating rural wastewater, an artificial wetland module for deeply treating the pretreated rural wastewater and a water inlet/outlet device for wastewater transmission; the pretreatment module (1) comprises a primary sedimentation tank (11), a load-reducing biochemical tank (12) and a filtering tank (13) which are connected in sequence; the method is characterized in that: the constructed wetland module comprises an constructed wetland pool (2) and a retention pool (3), the constructed wetland pool (2) comprises a first constructed wetland pool (21), a second constructed wetland pool (22) and a third constructed wetland pool (23), and the retention pool (3) comprises a first water retention pool (31) and a second water retention pool (32);
the first artificial wetland pool (21), the first water retention pool (31), the second artificial wetland pool (22), the second water retention pool (32) and the third artificial wetland pool (23) are connected in sequence;
the water inlet/outlet equipment comprises pre-treatment water outlet equipment, first water inlet equipment (211), first water outlet equipment (212), second water inlet equipment (221), second water outlet equipment (222), third water inlet equipment (231) and third water outlet equipment (232); the pretreatment water outlet equipment is used for connecting the pretreatment module (1) and the artificial wetland module;
the first artificial wetland pool (21) comprises a first substrate layer (213), a first filler layer (214) and a first impermeable layer (215); the first substrate layer (213), the first filler layer (214) and the first impermeable layer (215) are sequentially arranged in the first artificial wetland pool (21) from top to bottom; the first water inlet equipment (211) is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool (21) with the filtering pool (13); the first water outlet equipment (212) is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool (21) with the first water retention pool (31), and the first water outlet equipment (212) pumps the wastewater treated by the first artificial wetland pool (21) from the upper part of the first artificial wetland pool (21) to the bottom of the first water retention pool (31);
the second artificial wetland pool (22) comprises a second matrix layer (223), an adsorption layer (224), a second filler layer (225) and a second impermeable layer (226); the second substrate layer (223), the adsorption layer (224), the second filler layer (225) and the second impermeable layer (226) are sequentially arranged inside the second artificial wetland pool (22) from top to bottom; the second water inlet equipment (221) is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool (22) with the first water retention pool (31), and the second water inlet equipment (221) pumps the wastewater at the upper part of the first water retention pool (31) to the bottom of the second artificial wetland pool (22); the second water outlet equipment (222) is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool (22) with the second water retention pool (32), and the second water outlet equipment (222) pumps the wastewater treated by the second artificial wetland pool (22) from the upper part of the second artificial wetland pool (22) to the bottom of the second water retention pool (32);
the third artificial wetland pool (23) comprises a third substrate layer (233), a third filler layer (234) and a third permeation prevention layer (235); the third substrate layer (233), the third filler layer (234) and the third permeation prevention layer (235) are sequentially arranged in the third artificial wetland pool (23) from top to bottom; the third water inlet equipment (231) pumps the wastewater at the upper part of the second water retention pool (32) to the bottom of the third artificial wetland pool (23); the third water outlet equipment (232) pumps the wastewater treated by the third artificial wetland pool (23) from the upper part of the third artificial wetland pool (23);
a biological biofilm culturing component (311) and an aeration device (312) are arranged in the first water retention tank (31); the aeration device (312) is connected with an external fan.
2. The apparatus for treating rural domestic wastewater using a three-stage constructed wetland according to claim 1, further comprising a water quality monitoring device; the water quality monitoring equipment is used for monitoring the water quality inside each pool body of the pretreatment module (1) and the constructed wetland module.
3. The apparatus for treating rural domestic wastewater using a three-stage constructed wetland according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet/outlet means further comprises a water diversion means, a reflux means; the water diversion equipment comprises first water diversion equipment, second water diversion equipment and third water diversion equipment; the first water diversion equipment is used for connecting the load-reducing biochemical pool (12) with the first artificial wetland pool (21), the second water diversion equipment is used for connecting the first artificial wetland pool (21) with the second artificial wetland pool (22), and the third water diversion equipment is used for connecting the second artificial wetland pool (22) with the third artificial wetland pool (23); the backflow equipment is used for connecting the third artificial wetland pool (23) with the first water retention pool (31), the second artificial wetland pool (22) and the second water retention pool (32).
4. The device for treating rural domestic wastewater by using the three-stage constructed wetland according to claim 1, wherein the first packing layer (214), the second packing layer (225) and the third packing layer (234) are all made of water treatment modified ceramsite packing.
5. The device for treating rural domestic wastewater by using the three-stage artificial wetland according to claim 4, wherein the water treatment modified ceramsite filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45-50% of modified bauxite, 15-20% of modified fly ash, 12-15% of coal gangue, 10-13% of zeolite, 2-5% of alkali-free glass fiber and 0-16% of water supply sludge.
6. The apparatus for treating rural domestic wastewater using the three-stage constructed wetland according to claim 1, wherein the third substrate layer (233), the third packing layer (234) and the third impermeable layer (235) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
7. The device for treating rural domestic wastewater by using the three-stage artificial wetland according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the water treatment modified ceramsite comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: modification of bauxite
Placing dried natural bauxite in a lining of a reaction kettle, adding a sulfuric acid solution with the concentration of 0.8-1.4 mol/L for acid treatment, washing with deionized water until a washing liquid is neutral, then ultrasonically oscillating for 1.5-3 h, filtering, and then roasting to obtain modified bauxite;
step two: modification of fly ash
Placing the dried fly ash into a lining of a reaction kettle, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 2mol/L, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 1.5-2 h, then carrying out centrifugal treatment, and drying for 0.5-2 h at the temperature of 95-105 ℃ to obtain modified fly ash;
step three: milling and homogenizing
Respectively drying the modified bauxite, the modified fly ash, the coal gangue, the zeolite, the alkali-free glass fiber and the water supply sludge to constant weight, and then preparing the dried materials into modified bauxite powder, modified fly ash powder, coal gangue powder, zeolite powder, alkali-free glass fiber powder and water supply sludge powder by using ball milling equipment;
step four: mixing and granulating
Taking 45-50% of modified bauxite powder, 15-20% of modified fly ash powder, 12-15% of coal gangue powder, 10-13% of zeolite powder, 2-5% of alkali-free glass fiber powder and 0-16% of water supply sludge powder according to mass fraction, uniformly mixing on a mixing device, and preparing a spherical blank with the particle size of 7-10 mm on a ceramsite granulator;
step five: preparation of ceramsite
Drying the blank at 90-110 ℃ for 1.5-3 h, and then heating to 450-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preheating for 15-30 min; and heating to 1100-1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 50 ℃/min, sintering for 18-30 min, and cooling to obtain the water treatment modified ceramsite.
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