CN111358596A - Multimode parallel valve fatigue life testing arrangement - Google Patents
Multimode parallel valve fatigue life testing arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- CN111358596A CN111358596A CN202010155487.6A CN202010155487A CN111358596A CN 111358596 A CN111358596 A CN 111358596A CN 202010155487 A CN202010155487 A CN 202010155487A CN 111358596 A CN111358596 A CN 111358596A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2472—Devices for testing
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device which comprises a flow channel module, a driving module, a compliance module and a valve installation module, wherein the valve installation module comprises a valve installation barrel, a plurality of valve installation holes are formed in one end of the valve installation barrel, the flow channel module comprises a first flow channel pipe and a second flow channel pipe, the first flow channel pipe is communicated with the valve installation barrel and the driving module, the second flow channel pipe is provided with an image acquisition and processing module, the image acquisition and processing module comprises an image collector and an image processor, and images at the valve installation holes in the valve installation barrel which are opposite to each other are acquired and transmitted to the image processor for processing and outputting. The valve fatigue life testing device can realize the simultaneous testing of a plurality of valve pieces, can control a single variable, has a more rigorous testing result, directly tracks the instantaneous state of the valve by carrying out three-dimensional imaging analysis through image acquisition, and provides a certain theoretical basis for valve testing evaluation and optimization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to a multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device.
Background
The life of millions of heart valve patients has been prolonged, heart valves have become a high-tech industry in the world, dozens of heart valve prosthesis products are currently on the market, as one prosthetic organ, the most important concern IS how long it will work without failure after implantation in the body, i.e., the fatigue life of the prosthetic valve, the U.S. FDA and 150 organizations clearly specify that in vitro simulated fatigue tests must be performed, as IS 05840-2013, the fatigue performance of a transcatheter prosthetic heart valve support structure should be evaluated, and tests have shown that it IS reasonable to ensure that the support structure will remain functional for at least 400 × 106 test cycles in a critical load mode.
How the in vitro fatigue life acceleration test is related to the in vivo physiological condition, namely whether the in vitro experimental data can reflect the working condition of the designed artificial heart valve in vivo to a certain extent, is a concern at home and abroad at present. Meanwhile, the artificial heart valve is used as a high-risk three-class implanted medical apparatus, strict requirements are imposed on the performance uniformity of valves produced by enterprises, and the test has irreversible destructiveness and high cost, so that possible failure modes of the valves are fully identified in the early product development design. A damper is arranged right below the linear motor at one end of the lower layer, a temperature sensor is arranged at the other end of the lower layer, the valve fixer with a through hole is further arranged at the upper layer of the body, and the valve fixer is horizontally arranged in the flow channel at the upper layer of the body and is arranged below the liquid container; the linear motor shaft is connected with a piston with a rolling diaphragm, and the piston is inserted into the body. The linear motor directly adds a load waveform to test liquid through current control, transmits the load waveform to a tested valve or other tested pieces according to the Pascal law, and filters a high-frequency oscillation signal in the test fluid through liquid capacity. The testing device can not test a plurality of groups of valve components under the same control variable, and the observation window can not reflect the instantaneous motion state of the valve, including the phenomena of opening and closing of the valve, if the valve leaflet can not be effectively and completely opened or closed, the leakage rate of the valve can be increased, even the valve flow field changes to generate overlarge shearing stress to damage blood cells and activate platelets, the performance and durability of the valve are influenced, and the testing effectiveness is reduced.
In view of the above technical problems, it is desirable to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device comprises a flow channel module, a driving module, a compliance module and a valve mounting module, wherein the valve mounting module comprises a valve mounting cylinder, one end of the valve mounting cylinder is provided with a plurality of valve mounting holes, the flow channel module comprises a first flow channel pipe and a second flow channel pipe, the first flow channel pipe is communicated with the valve mounting cylinder and the driving module, and the compliance module is connected to the wall of the second flow channel pipe and communicated into the second flow channel pipe; one end of the valve installation barrel, which is provided with a plurality of valve installation holes, is communicated with one end of a second flow channel pipe, the other end of the second flow channel pipe is connected with an end cover which is right opposite to the valve installation barrel, the center of the end cover is provided with an installation groove, the installation groove is used for being connected with an image acquisition and processing module, and the image acquisition and processing module comprises an image acquisition device and an image processor; the image collector is inserted in the mounting groove, collects the image at the valve mounting hole in the valve mounting cylinder which is right opposite to the mounting groove, and transmits the image to the image processor for processing and outputting.
According to a preferable scheme, one end of the first flow channel is connected with the wall of the valve installation cylinder and communicated into the valve installation cylinder, the other end of the first flow channel is communicated with the driving module, an installation frame is inserted into a port at the other end of the wall of the installation cylinder, and the installation frame is used for placing a light source and/or an image collector.
Preferably, the number of the valve mounting holes is 8, the valve mounting holes are arranged in the circumferential direction, and the valve mounting holes are connected with electromagnetic valves to control the opening and closing of the valve mounting holes.
Preferably, a lens bracket is arranged in the end cover mounting groove and used for contacting and adhering the image collector.
As a preferred scheme, the image collector comprises at least two high-speed cameras arranged in parallel, the image processor comprises an image acquisition card, a camera controller and a computer, and the image collector is matched with the image processor to perform three-dimensional imaging analysis of image acquisition.
Preferably, the image collector further comprises any one or combination of a plurality of light sources, black and white cameras, wide-angle cameras and telephoto cameras, which are arranged in parallel with the high-speed camera.
Preferably, a light source and/or an image collector are arranged in the second flow channel pipe.
Preferably, a fluid viscosity compensator is arranged in the first flow channel pipe and/or the second flow channel pipe.
Preferably, a first pressure sensor is provided in the first flow path pipe, and a second pressure sensor is provided in the second flow path pipe.
Preferably, any one or a combination of a damper, a temperature controller and a flow sensor is arranged in the first flow channel pipe and/or the second flow channel pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the valve mounting rack is internally provided with the valve mounting holes, so that a plurality of valve pieces can be tested simultaneously, a test group and a comparison group are placed in the same test environment for analysis, a single variable is strictly controlled, and the test result is more rigorous.
2) The instantaneous state of the valve is directly tracked by three-dimensional imaging analysis through at least two high-speed cameras, a feasible method is provided for extracting the instantaneous motion state of the valve, and a certain theoretical basis is provided for valve evaluation and optimization.
3) And a plurality of devices for strengthening and simulating physiological conditions in vivo, such as a fluid viscosity compensator, a damper, a temperature controller and the like, are arranged, so that the measurement effectiveness is enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a valve fatigue life testing device according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a valve fatigue life testing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a valve mounting cylinder of the valve fatigue life testing device according to the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure view of a valve mounting cylinder of the valve fatigue life testing device according to the first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an image acquisition processing module of the valve fatigue life testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an image collector of the valve fatigue life testing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of the testing effect of the valve fatigue life testing device according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 11. a first flow channel pipe; 12. a second flow channel tube; 2. a linear motor; 21. a piston; 22. a motor protective sleeve; 3. a liquid containing cavity; 31. an exhaust valve; 4. a valve mounting cylinder; 41. a valve mounting hole; 42. an electromagnetic valve; 5. an end cap; 51. mounting grooves; 52. a lens holder; 6. an image collector; 61. an image acquisition card; 62. a camera controller; 63. a computer; 64. an auxiliary light source; 65. a high-speed camera; 7. a temperature controller; 8. a damper; 91. a first pressure sensor; 92. a second pressure sensor; 10. a fluid viscosity compensator; 11. a flow sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will explain the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the valve fatigue life testing apparatus of this embodiment is used for an in vitro accelerated fatigue life test of a prosthetic heart valve, and includes a flow channel module, a driving module, a compliance module, and a valve installation module, where the valve installation module includes a valve installation cylinder 4, one end of the valve installation cylinder 4 is provided with a plurality of valve installation holes 41, the flow channel module includes a first flow channel pipe 11 and a second flow channel pipe 12, the first flow channel pipe 11 communicates with the valve installation cylinder 4 and the driving module, and the compliance module is connected to a pipe wall of the second flow channel pipe 12 and communicates with the inside of the second flow channel pipe 12; one end of the valve installation barrel 4, which is provided with a plurality of valve installation holes 41, is communicated with one end of a second flow channel pipe 12, the other end of the second flow channel pipe 12 is connected with an end cover 5 which is right opposite to the valve installation barrel 4, the center of the end cover 5 is provided with an installation groove 51, the installation groove 51 is used for being connected with an image acquisition and processing module, and the image acquisition and processing module comprises an image collector 6 and an image processor; the image collector 6 is inserted in the mounting groove 51, collects the image of the valve mounting hole 41 in the valve mounting cylinder 4 which is right opposite to the image collector, and transmits the image to the image processor for processing and outputting.
Specifically, the driving module is composed of a linear motor 2 and a piston 21, the linear motor 2 is installed at one end of a first flow channel pipe 11, the piston 21 extends into the first flow channel pipe 11, the other section of the linear motor 2 is provided with a motor protective sleeve 22, one end of the first flow channel is connected with the wall of the valve installation cylinder 4 and communicated to the valve installation cylinder 4, one end of the linear motor 2 is connected with the piston 21 through a screw rod, the electrode drives the piston 21 to reciprocate to simulate the motion of the ventricular pump, the constant pressure of the load is directly loaded on the test liquid in the flow channel module by controlling the current, the load received by the test liquid is transmitted to the valve component to be tested, the linear motor 2 is connected with the opposite control end such as a computer 63, the motion of the linear motor 2 is regulated by the electrode controller controlling the power source using a left ventricular drive control algorithm obtained by analog simulation, the fatigue testing system of the artificial heart valve is more consistent with the physiological state of the blood circulation system of the human body; the first flow channel pipe 11 is bent by 90 degrees, a space at the other end port of the wall of the valve installation cylinder 4 is reserved, the reserved space can facilitate the disassembly and the assembly of the valve installation cylinder 4, preferably, the reserved space also faces the valve installation hole 41, a light source and/or an image collector 6 can be erected on the port plug-in mounting frame of the valve installation cylinder 4 at the reserved end, the light source is preferably an LED cold light source, the interference on experimental detection is reduced, meanwhile, the additional image collector 6 can assist the image collector 6 at the end cover 5 to establish more complete three-dimensional imaging, and more valve motion state data are collected; the compliance module is composed of a liquid containing cavity 3, an exhaust valve 31 is arranged at the top of the liquid containing cavity 3, and the liquid containing cavity 3 is connected to the pipe wall of the second flow passage pipe 12 and communicated to the inside of the second flow passage pipe 12.
A plurality of valve mounting holes 41 are uniformly arranged in the valve mounting cylinder 4, preferably, the number of the valve mounting holes 41 is 8, the 8 valve mounting holes 41 are circumferentially arranged, the valve mounting holes are detachably connected and surround on a bearing, the position can be adjusted by rotating, the valve of the electromagnetic valve 42 is arranged at the bottom or the side of the valve mounting hole 41, and the corresponding controller is connected, the valve mounting holes 41 can be opened and closed according to the experiment requirement, 1-8 valves can be measured at the same time under normal condition, the valve mounting holes 41 with different models can be selected according to the test requirement to meet the test requirement, because the image collector 6 at the end cover 5 is over against the valve mounting hole 41, the valve mounting cylinder 4 is made of material with good light-gathering property, if a layer of reflective material is coated in the wall of the valve installation cylinder 4, the wall of the second flow channel pipe 12 can provide good lighting conditions for the image collector 6.
The image collector 6 adopts at least two high-speed cameras 65 which are arranged in parallel, the image processor comprises an image collector card 61, a camera controller 62 and a computer 63, the image collector 6 cooperates with the image processor to perform three-dimensional imaging analysis of image collection, the single high-speed camera 65 can track the motion state of the valve, the instantaneous opening and closing states of the valve are captured, three-dimensional imaging can be realized by connecting two high-speed cameras 65 which are arranged in parallel with an image collector card 61, a camera controller 62 and a computer 63 and matching with software programs, accurate information such as the opening angle, the opening area and the like of the valve can be calculated, meanwhile, a motion three-dimensional model of the valve in the test can be simulated, the motion state and defects can be observed in a computer 63 in a meticulous and all-around manner through the three-dimensional model, the simulation and modification can be carried out in real time, and the valve test and development are greatly facilitated. Preferably, the image collector 6 can also be provided with any one or combination of a light source, a black-and-white camera, a wide-angle camera and a telephoto camera which are arranged in parallel with the high-speed camera 65, wherein the light source adopts an LED cold light source or a higher-level attosecond light source, which can greatly improve the image collection quality, and the black-and-white camera and the high-speed camera can improve the image collection quality in a dark light state; the fusion algorithm in the wide-angle camera and the telephoto camera can smoothly and high-quality optically zoom and provide high-detail and low-noise image acquisition. Preferably, the end of the second flow channel pipe 12 close to the valve installation cylinder 4 can be inserted with the auxiliary light source 64 and/or the image collector 6 through the pipe wall, the auxiliary light source 64 can improve the lighting condition in the second flow channel pipe 12, and the newly added image collector 6 can be matched with the image collector 6 at the end of the auxiliary matching end cover 5 to better collect and establish the image information of the three-dimensional model.
Furthermore, any one or a combination of a plurality of fluid viscosity compensator 10, a pressure sensor, a damper 8, a temperature controller 7, and a flow sensor 11 is/are arranged in the first flow channel pipe 11 and/or the second flow channel pipe 12, so that the testing device can be better controlled to simulate the conditions of the human body environment, for example, in this embodiment, the temperature controller 7, the damper 8, and the first pressure sensor 91 are arranged in the first flow channel pipe 11, and the second pressure sensor 92, the fluid age compensator, and the flow sensor 11 are arranged in the second flow channel pipe 12; the fluid viscosity compensator 10 can monitor the viscosity of blood in real time in a device through circulation simulation, and timely adds a reagent for compensation according to the condition of deviating from a viscosity baseline, so that a stable viscosity level is provided for the whole fatigue test process, and the deviation is reduced as much as possible; the first pressure sensor 91 and the second pressure sensor 92 are distributed in the directions of two sides of the valve mounting hole 41, and can be used for testing the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure of the aorta simulated at two sides of the artificial heart valve; the temperature controller 7 mainly comprises a temperature sensor and a heater, a temperature control system is connected with the computer 63, the temperature sensor detects the current liquid temperature and controls the signal output to the heater to be adjusted in real time, so that the temperature of the simulated blood liquid in the testing process device is maintained within the range of 37 +/-0.5 ℃, and the requirements of normal body physiological environment are met; the damping device is used for simulating the resistance effect in the blood vessel, is connected with the computer 63 and controls the resistance through an intelligent algorithm; and the flow sensor can monitor the flow in the test process.
When the valve installing cylinder 4 is used, firstly, a proper valve installing hole 41 is selected according to testing requirements, the artificial heart valve to be tested and a standard comparison valve are fixed in the valve installing hole 41, meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve 42 corresponding to the pore channel provided with the valve piece to be tested is opened, and finally, the valve installing cylinder 4 is installed in the flow channel module. And connecting an external water pump, opening the exhaust valve 31 of the liquid containing cavity 3, injecting the simulated human body test liquid from the opening of the device, filling the whole test device with the liquid to be tested, and removing bubbles in the closed cavity. The temperature controller 7, the damper 8, the first pressure sensor 91, the second pressure sensor 92, the fluid viscosity compensator 10, and the flow sensor 11 are connected to the computer 63, the system is debugged, and parameters are set. Starting temperature control, adjusting the gas-liquid ratio in the liquid containing cavity 3 when the temperature of the fluid in the device is heated to be within the range of 37 +/-0.5 ℃, and closing the exhaust valve 31; and starting the linear motor 2, observing a pressure curve, adjusting the damper 8, the exhaust valve 31 and the motor drive output, and starting the test after the stability.
In the test process, the linear motor 2 directly acts the load on the simulated human body test liquid in the flow channel through the control piston 21, and the test liquid transmits the load to the valve to be tested when the motor reciprocates, so that the valve is opened; the other section of the valve piece simulates human body test liquid to be directly connected with constant pressure, the pressure is greater than the pressure at the end of the linear motor 2 when the linear motor 2 drives the piston 21 to move towards the outside, the valve to be tested is closed, the pressure is less than the pressure at the end of the linear motor 2 when the linear motor 2 drives the piston 21 to move towards the inside, and the valve to be tested is opened.
The high-speed cameras 65 arranged in parallel at the end cover 5 track the motion state of the valve in the whole process, capture the instantaneous opening and closing states of the valve, perform three-dimensional imaging and model building and information processing by matching with an image processor, acquire accurate information such as the opening angle and the opening area of the valve, simultaneously simulate a body fluid viscosity compensation device to monitor the viscosity of the circulating simulation human body test fluid in real time, and can add a solvent for adjustment in time when fluctuation occurs.
In the same production batch, 4 aortic valves with the specification of 23mm are taken for testing, and a simulated human body test solution is prepared by taking the blood viscosity of an adult male as a reference. The viscosity value of the test fluid in the device in the first 48 hours in the test process is collected and compared with the viscosity data of a common fatigue test device, and the experimental data is shown in fig. 7.
The image processor computer 63 combines with image processing software to screen out an image with the largest valve opening angle in the heart cycle of each aortic valve as a reference, sets a three-coordinate system, inputs the key size parameters of the valve, determines the opening boundary of the valve and the area to be calculated, and obtains specific numerical values such as the opening angle and the opening area according to the control algorithm of the computer 63. The following table 1 shows the data of the opening area and the opening angle in the fatigue process of different aortic valves according to the embodiment of the present invention:
| aortic valve | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# |
| Area of opening/cm2 | 1.55 | 1.31 | 1.45 | 1.37 |
| Opening angle/° | 69 | 72 | 74 | 81 |
TABLE 1
It can be seen that the opening area and the opening angle of the valve in the same batch are obviously different under the same test environment, and the data have great promotion effect on the research of analyzing the structural design, material selection and production process parameters of the valve.
The valve fatigue life testing device can be used for simultaneously installing 1-8 valves for synchronous testing, can be used for analyzing a test group and a comparison group in the same testing environment, strictly controls a single variable, and provides a convenient and effective testing system for simultaneously testing a plurality of artificial valves and analyzing performance differences among the valves, wherein the testing result is more rigorous; the instantaneous state of the valve is directly tracked through the parallel high-speed cameras 65, a feasible method is provided for extracting valve movement, a certain theoretical basis is provided for valve evaluation and optimization, meanwhile, the fluid viscosity compensator 10 is arranged, the viscosity of blood can be simulated in a real-time monitoring system, a reagent can be compensated in time, a stable viscosity level can be maintained in the whole testing process, and the influence of viscosity unbalance on a testing result is reduced.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned only illustrates the preferred embodiments and principles of the present invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to make modifications to the embodiments based on the idea of the present invention, and that such modifications should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device comprises a flow channel module, a driving module, a compliance module and a valve mounting module, and is characterized in that the valve mounting module comprises a valve mounting cylinder, one end of the valve mounting cylinder is provided with a plurality of valve mounting holes, the flow channel module comprises a first flow channel pipe and a second flow channel pipe, the first flow channel pipe is communicated with the valve mounting cylinder and the driving module, and the compliance module is connected to the wall of the second flow channel pipe and communicated to the second flow channel pipe; one end of the valve installation barrel, which is provided with a plurality of valve installation holes, is communicated with one end of a second flow channel pipe, the other end of the second flow channel pipe is connected with an end cover which is right opposite to the valve installation barrel, the center of the end cover is provided with an installation groove, the installation groove is used for being connected with an image acquisition and processing module, and the image acquisition and processing module comprises an image acquisition device and an image processor; the image collector is inserted in the mounting groove, collects the image at the valve mounting hole in the valve mounting cylinder which is right opposite to the mounting groove, and transmits the image to the image processor for processing and outputting.
2. The multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device of claim 1, wherein one end of the first flow channel is connected with and communicated into the valve installation cylinder wall, the other end of the first flow channel is communicated with the driving module, a mounting rack is inserted into a port at the other end of the installation cylinder wall, and the mounting rack is used for placing a light source and/or an image collector.
3. The multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device of claim 2, wherein the number of the valve mounting holes is 8, the valve mounting holes are arranged in a circumferential direction, and the valve mounting holes are connected with electromagnetic valves to control the opening and closing of the valve mounting holes.
4. The multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device of claim 1, wherein a lens holder is arranged in the end cover mounting groove, and the lens holder is used for contact fitting with an image collector.
5. The multimode parallel valve fatigue life testing device of claim 1, wherein the image collector comprises at least two high-speed cameras arranged in parallel, the image processor comprises an image acquisition card, a camera controller and a computer, and the image collector is matched with the image processor to perform three-dimensional imaging analysis of image acquisition.
6. The multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device of claim 5, wherein the image collector further comprises any one or more of a combination of a light source, a black and white camera, a wide-angle camera and a telephoto camera arranged in parallel with the high-speed camera.
7. The multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device of claim 1, wherein a light source and/or an image collector is arranged in the second flow channel tube.
8. The multi-mode side-by-side valve fatigue life testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein a fluid viscosity compensator is disposed within the first flow channel tube and/or the second flow channel tube.
9. The multi-mode, side-by-side valve fatigue life testing apparatus of claim 8, wherein a first pressure sensor is disposed in the first flow conduit and a second pressure sensor is disposed in the second flow conduit.
10. The multi-mode parallel valve fatigue life testing device of claim 9, wherein any one or more of a combination of a damper, a temperature controller and a flow sensor is arranged in the first flow channel pipe and/or the second flow channel pipe.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113654773A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-11-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Near-physiological pulsating flow loading device for fatigue test of intravascular stent |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113654773A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-11-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | Near-physiological pulsating flow loading device for fatigue test of intravascular stent |
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