CN111355004A - Battery module - Google Patents

Battery module Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111355004A
CN111355004A CN201811572813.2A CN201811572813A CN111355004A CN 111355004 A CN111355004 A CN 111355004A CN 201811572813 A CN201811572813 A CN 201811572813A CN 111355004 A CN111355004 A CN 111355004A
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thermal resistance
battery
along
thermal
battery module
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CN111355004B (en
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王伟
康蒙
秦峰
赵佩杰
李清
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Jiangsu Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd
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Jiangsu Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery module and an electric vehicle, wherein the battery module comprises: the heat-conducting layer is arranged in the shell side by side, the heat-insulating layer and the heat-conducting layer are both positioned between the single batteries and the shell, two single batteries on the outermost side are respectively close to two side plates of the shell, the rest single batteries are positioned between the two single batteries on the outermost side, and the plane where the heat-conducting layer is positioned is perpendicular to the plane where the heat-insulating layer is positioned; the thermal insulation layer has a predetermined thickness such that Ri≤1.3×RoWherein R isoThermal resistance of outermost unit cell, RiRepresenting a cell between two outermost cellsThe thermal resistance of the cell. According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature consistency of the battery module can be improved.

Description

Battery module
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery module.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy automobile technology, various technologies of lithium ion batteries make great progress, further improving the energy density of power batteries, and realizing a cost performance comparable to that of fuel vehicles is one of the targets of the development of lithium ion industry, wherein the design of a power battery module with high energy density is the key of starting from the top. As is well known, a power battery system on an electric vehicle includes a plurality of power battery cells, which are connected in series and in parallel to form a power battery module, and during the process of supplying power to the vehicle, the power battery cells themselves have certain internal resistance, and generate certain heat while outputting power, so that the temperature of the power battery cells themselves rises, and when the temperature exceeds the range of the normal operating temperature, the performance and the service life of the battery system are affected.
Therefore, in practice, the battery module with high energy density has the problems of high temperature of the battery module, inconsistent temperature among a plurality of single batteries in the battery module and the like in the using process. Currently, reports on how to control the operating temperature and the temperature consistency of the power battery module are less frequent. Two currently available battery module designs are briefly described below.
Firstly, heat insulation by using buffer foam: after a plurality of single batteries are stacked into a battery module, the side face of each single battery at the end side is provided with buffering foam, and the foam can isolate heat transfer of the single batteries at the end side while absorbing expansion of the single batteries.
Secondly, heat dissipation is performed by utilizing a liquid cooling system: after a plurality of single batteries are stacked into a battery module, the heat exchange amount of the single batteries at the end side is reduced through the optimized design of a liquid cooling system.
Although the above measures have been widely applied to the thermal management design of the power battery module, the existing designs are not ideal in use in the rapid progress of increasing the energy density and reducing the production cost, for example: for the first scheme, after the battery expands, the thickness and the internal space of the foam are compressed, so that the heat insulation performance of the foam is greatly reduced, which means that the temperature difference of the battery is larger and the cycle life is reduced more quickly as the service life of the battery is prolonged; for the second scheme, the improvement of the temperature control through the improved liquid cooling system is a relatively complex project, the realization difficulty is high, and the popularization and the application are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a battery module to solve the problem of low temperature uniformity of the battery module.
The present invention provides a battery module, which includes: a plurality of battery cells, a housing, a thermally insulating layer, and a thermally conductive layer, wherein the plurality of battery cells are disposed side-by-side within the housing, the thermally insulating layer and the thermally conductive layer are both positioned between the battery cells and the housing,
the two single batteries on the outermost side are respectively close to the two side plates of the shell, the rest single batteries are positioned between the two single batteries on the outermost side, and the plane of the heat conduction layer is perpendicular to the plane of the heat insulation layer;
the thermal insulation layer has a predetermined thickness such that Ri≤1.3×RoWherein R isoRepresents the thermal resistance, R, of the outermost unit celliRepresenting the thermal resistance of the cell between the two outermost cells.
In the embodiment of the invention, the R is established by considering that the heat transfer paths of the single batteries adjacent to the side plate of the shell and the middle single battery in the shell are different and the heat dissipation characteristics are differenti≤1.3×RoRelation (II) wherein RoIs the thermal resistance of the cell immediately adjacent to the side plate of the case, RiThe thermal resistance of the middle single battery is used, the condition met by the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is deduced according to the relation, and the thermal insulation layer is arranged according to the thickness of the thermal insulation layer when the battery module is manufactured, so that the heat dissipation effect of each single battery can be optimized to the maximum extent, the aim of improving the temperature consistency of the battery module is fulfilled, and the reliability of the battery module can be improved to a certain extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat transfer path of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit conversion diagram of fig. 3.
Description of reference numerals:
10-battery module, 1-single battery, 2-thermal insulation layer, 3-heat conduction layer and 4-shell.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. In the drawings and the following description, at least some well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention; also, the dimensions of portions of the structure may be adjusted for clarity. Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The following description is given with reference to the orientation words as shown in the drawings, and is not intended to limit the specific structure of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as appropriate to those of ordinary skill in the art.
For a better understanding of the present invention, a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the direction a-a shown in fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat transfer path of a unit cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit conversion diagram of fig. 3. As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the present invention provides a battery module, which includes a plurality of unit batteries 1, a housing 4, a heat insulating layer 2 and a heat conducting layer 3, wherein the plurality of unit batteries 1 are arranged side by side in the housing 4, the heat insulating layer 2 and the heat conducting layer 3 are both located between the unit batteries 1 and the housing 4, wherein,
the two single batteries on the outermost side are respectively close to the two side plates of the shell 4, the rest single batteries are positioned between the two single batteries on the outermost side, and the plane of the heat conduction layer 3 is vertical to the plane of the heat insulation layer 2;
and the heat insulating layer 2 has a predetermined thickness such that Ri≤1.3×RoWherein R isoRepresents the thermal resistance, R, of the outermost unit celliRepresenting the thermal resistance of each unit cell between the two outermost unit cells.
Here, the thermal resistance refers to a ratio between a temperature difference across an object and a power of a heat source when heat is transferred on the object. Units are Kelvin per watt (K/W) or degrees Celsius per watt (deg.C/W).
According to the battery module provided by the embodiment of the invention, the thermal resistance R of the outermost single battery is ensured by enabling the thermal insulation layer to have the preset thicknessoAnd the thermal resistance R of each unit cell between the two unit cells positioned on the outermost sideiSatisfy the relation Ri≤1.3×RoTherefore, the temperature consistency among the single batteries can be improved, and the reliability of the battery module is improved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the heat conduction layer 3 is disposed between the plurality of unit batteries 1 and the bottom plate of the housing 4, the heat conduction layer 3 may be a heat conduction silicone pad or a heat conduction adhesive, and the thickness of the heat conduction layer 3 may be less than 3 mm. The unit cell 1 includes a plastic case, which may be, but not limited to, polypropylene (PP), an aluminum alloy case, a stainless steel case, or an iron case. The embodiment of the invention takes the plastic shell asIn the example, the thermal conductivity of the plastic case of the unit cell 1 is generally lower than 0.3W/m.k, and the thickness of the plastic case of the unit cell 1 is smaller than 1mm, and the heat transfer resistance of the unit cell 1 in the direction of the cooling surface through the case (i.e., the direction in which the heat transfer cross-sectional area of the case is smallest) is abnormally large, so that the heat transfer is neglected. With the improvement of the heat dissipation requirement of the new energy automobile for the power battery, the heat conduction layer 3 on the heat conduction path of the battery generally adopts a heat conduction pad or heat conduction glue to reduce the interface thermal resistance, so that the thermal resistance R of the single battery between the two single batteries at the outermost side, namely the middle single batteryiComprising R1、R2And R3。
In the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal resistance R of the unit cell located between the outermost two unit cells, i.e., the middle unit celliThe calculation formula (1) is:
Ri＝R1+R2+R3(1)
wherein the first thermal resistance R1Represents the thermal resistance of the single battery between the two single batteries positioned at the outermost side along the first direction, namely the thermal resistance from the center of mass of the middle single battery to the outer surface of the middle single battery in the first direction;
second thermal resistance R2Represents the thermal resistance of the heat conductive layer 3 in the first direction, i.e., the thermal resistance from the upper surface to the lower surface of the heat conductive layer 2 in the first direction;
third thermal resistance R3Represents the thermal resistance of the case 4 in the first direction, i.e., the thermal resistance from the inner surface to the outer surface of the case 4 in the first direction;
as shown in fig. 1, the first direction is a height direction of the battery module (i.e., a linear direction in which D1 is located), the second direction is an arrangement direction of the plurality of unit batteries 1 (i.e., a linear direction in which D2 is located), the third direction is a length direction of the battery module (i.e., a linear direction in which D3 is located), and the third direction is perpendicular to a plane formed by the first direction and the second direction.
Wherein the first thermal resistance R1The calculation formula (2) is:
Figure BDA0001915967080000051
second thermal resistance R2The calculation formula (3) is:
Figure BDA0001915967080000052
third thermal resistance R3The calculation formula (4) is:
Figure BDA0001915967080000053
wherein H is the height of the single battery 1 along the first direction;
k1 is the thermal conductivity of the unit cell 1 in the first direction;
k2 is the thermal conductivity of the heat conductive layer 3 in the first direction;
k3 is the thermal conductivity of the housing 4 in the first direction;
δ2is the thickness of the heat conductive layer 3 in the first direction;
δ3is the thickness of the housing 4 in the first direction;
a1 is the heat conducting area of the middle cell (i.e. the cell located between the two outermost cells), a1 is W × L1, W is the width of the cell 1 in the second direction, and L1 is the length of the cell 1 in the third direction.
Thermal resistance R of the outermost unit cell (i.e., the unit cell close to the side plate of the case 4)oComprising a thermal resistance R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7The calculation formula (5) of the outermost unit cell is:
Figure BDA0001915967080000061
wherein the first thermal resistance R1Represents the thermal resistance of the single battery between the two single batteries at the outermost side along the first direction, namely from the center of mass of the middle single battery to the outside of the middle single battery in the first directionThermal resistance of the surface;
second thermal resistance R2Represents the thermal resistance of the heat conductive layer 3 in the first direction, i.e., the thermal resistance from the upper surface to the lower surface of the heat conductive layer 2 in the first direction;
third thermal resistance R3Represents the thermal resistance of the case 4 in the first direction, i.e., the thermal resistance from the inner surface to the outer surface of the case 4 in the first direction;
fourth thermal resistance R4Representing the thermal resistance of the single battery at the outermost side along the second direction, namely the thermal resistance from the mass center of the single battery close to the side plate to the outer surface of the single battery close to the side plate in the second direction;
fifth thermal resistance R5Represents the thermal resistance of the insulation layer 2 in the second direction, i.e. the thermal resistance from the inner surface to the outer surface of the insulation layer 2 in the second direction;
sixth thermal resistance R6Represents the thermal resistance of the shell 4 along the height direction, namely the thermal resistance from the mass center of the side plate of the shell 4 to the inner side edge of the shell in the first direction;
seventh thermal resistance R7Represents yet another thermal resistance of the housing 4 in the first direction, i.e., the thermal resistance from the inner side edge of the housing 4 to the lower surface of the housing 4 in the first direction.
The single battery close to the side plate and the middle single battery have a heat transfer path in the same direction, namely the heat resistance R of the single battery close to the side plate and the middle single battery1、R2、R3Similarly, the thermal resistance R is explained in detail below4、R5、R6And R7。
Fourth thermal resistance R4The calculation formula (6) is:
Figure BDA0001915967080000071
fifth thermal resistance R5The calculation formula (7) is:
Figure BDA0001915967080000072
sixth thermal resistance R6The calculation formula (8) is:
Figure BDA0001915967080000073
seventh thermal resistance R7The calculation formula (9) is:
Figure BDA0001915967080000074
wherein W is the width of the single battery 1 in the second direction;
h is the height of the single battery 1 along the first direction
δ1The thickness of the heat insulation layer 2 along the second direction;
δ3is the thickness of the housing 4 in the first direction;
k3 is the thermal conductivity of the housing 4 in the first direction;
k4 is the thermal conductivity of the unit cell 1 in the second direction;
k5 is the thermal conductivity of the insulating layer 2 in the second direction;
a3 is the heat conducting area of the shell, A3 ═ δ3× L2, L2 is the length of the housing in the third direction;
a4 is the heat conduction area of the outermost unit cell, a4 is H × L1, and L1 is the length of the unit cell in the third direction.
In addition, the fifth thermal resistance R is calculated5In order to ensure that the stress of the single battery is uniform in the expansion direction, the area of the heat insulation layer 2 is close to or the same as the area of the maximum surface of the single battery. The heat insulating layer 2 is provided in contact with the largest surface of the outermost unit cell.
In addition, the sixth thermal resistance R is calculated6At this time, since the height of the case 4 in the first direction is almost equal to the height of the unit cell 1, the height of the case 4 in the first direction is considered to be equal to the height of the unit cell 1.
Furthermore, the temperature difference of each single battery in the current power battery module under various use working conditions is controlled within 5 ℃, so that the long-time use of the battery can be ensured. In addition, the temperature of the single battery close to the side plate in the current integrated power battery module is lower due to the increase of the heat dissipation path, and a certain thickness of heat insulation layer is generally required for protection, but the energy density of the battery module is reduced due to the excessive increase of the thickness of the heat insulation layer.
Thus, the intermediate unit cell RiAnd the side plate single battery RoShould satisfy the relation (10):
Ri≤1.3×Ro(10)
further calculation results can be obtained by bringing the above-mentioned formulas (1) to (9) into the formula (10) and performing necessary derivation and simplification, and can be expressed as the formula (11):
Figure BDA0001915967080000081
equation (11) can be further simplified to relation (12):
δ1≥0.5×H×C1+δ2×C2+δ3×C3-0.15×W×C4+(0.15×H+0.3×δ3)×C5(12)
wherein C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 are combined values,
Figure BDA0001915967080000082
Figure BDA0001915967080000083
therefore, the thickness relation formula (12) of the thermal insulation layer 2 is obtained, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is set according to the formula (12), the heat dissipation effect of each single battery can be optimized to the maximum extent, the temperature consistency among the single batteries is improved, and the stability of the battery module is improved.
In an embodiment of the invention, the thickness δ of the insulation layer 2 is optionally1Can be 1-4 mm, the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer 2 is less than 0.1W/(m.K), or the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer 2 is less than or equal to 0.05W/(m.K). The material of the insulating layer 2 may be aerogel.
As an example, the housing 4 is an aluminum alloy housing, a stainless steel housing or an iron housing, the plurality of electrically connected single batteries 1 are fixed in the housing 4, and a sealed structure is adopted to ensure that the plurality of single batteries cannot enter impurities which affect the battery performance, such as water vapor, during the use process, and the energy density of the battery module is increased.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent heat transfer transition of fig. 3. As shown in fig. 4, the heat transfer analysis is consistent with the inherent principles of the circuit analysis, and the resistance, capacitance, current, and voltage in the circuit analysis correspond to the thermal resistance, thermal capacity, heat flow, and temperature in the heat transfer analysis, respectively. Fig. 4 therefore shows primarily the heat transfer analysis of the middle cell and the side-by-side cell.
Wherein, the middle single battery: the heat flow I flows through a branch of the thermal resistance (R1+ R2+ R3) and finally reaches a cooling surface, namely a low-temperature source; at the same time, the heat flow I will also flow through the branch of the heat capacity C, causing the temperature to rise.
The side plate single battery: the heat transfer analysis is similar to that of the middle single battery, but parallel connection exists in the thermal resistance branches, namely (R1+ R2+ R3) and (R4+ R5+ R6+ R7) are respectively connected in parallel, and finally the cooling surface, namely a low-temperature source, is reached; at the same time, the heat flow I will also flow through the branch of the heat capacity C, causing the temperature to rise.
As an example, a classical finite element model is established based on commercial thermal simulation software, corresponding parameters such as thermal conductivity coefficients k1 and k4 of anisotropy, related physical properties such as specific heat capacity and the like are given to the battery module, the heat generation amount in the process of quick charging of the battery module is input, and the temperature consistency difference caused by the thicknesses of different thermal insulation layers is compared.
As shown in Table 1, based on a 73Ah _1p12s power battery module, the height of a single battery is 100.8mm, the width of the single battery is 11.0mm, the length of the single battery is 350.0mm, the heat conduction layer is 1mm, the heat conduction coefficient of the single battery in the vertical direction is 30W/m.K, the heat conduction coefficient of the single battery in the horizontal direction is 1W/m.K, the metal shell is aluminum, the heat conduction coefficient of the shell is 155W/m.K, the length and the width of an aerogel heat insulation layer are matched with the single battery, and the heat conduction coefficient is less than 0.1W/m.K.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001915967080000101
The third row is aerogel heat insulating mattress thickness parameter in table 1, and the comparison can know, and the thickness of aerogel insulating layer is different, and is different to the temperature uniformity influence of each inside battery cell of power battery module. When aerogel insulating layer thickness was about 2mm its thermal-insulated effect is best, and the temperature difference between the inside battery of module is less than 1.5 ℃.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the techniques described in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (14)

1. The utility model provides a battery module which characterized in that, battery module includes: a plurality of battery cells, a housing, a thermally insulating layer, and a thermally conductive layer, wherein the plurality of battery cells are disposed side-by-side within the housing, the thermally insulating layer and the thermally conductive layer are both positioned between the battery cells and the housing,
the two single batteries on the outermost side are respectively close to the two side plates of the shell, the rest single batteries are positioned between the two single batteries on the outermost side, and the plane of the heat conduction layer is perpendicular to the plane of the heat insulation layer;
the thermal insulation layer has a predetermined thickness such that Ri≤1.3×RoWherein R isoRepresents the thermal resistance, R, of the outermost unit celliRepresenting the thermal resistance of the cell between the two outermost cells.
2. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the thermal resistance R of the unit cell between the outermost two unit cellsiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Ri＝R1+R2+R3
wherein the first thermal resistance R1Represents saidThermal resistance of each single battery between two single batteries positioned at the outermost side along a first direction; the first direction is the height direction of the battery module;
second thermal resistance R2Represents the thermal resistance of the heat conducting layer along the first direction;
third thermal resistance R3Representing the thermal resistance of the housing in the first direction.
3. The battery module as set forth in claim 2, wherein the first thermal resistance R1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000011
wherein H is the height of the single battery;
k1 is the thermal conductivity of the cell in the first direction;
a1 is the heat conduction area of the single battery between the two single batteries at the outermost side, A1 is W × L1, W is the width of the single battery, and L1 is the length of the single battery.
4. The battery module as set forth in claim 2, wherein the second thermal resistance R2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000021
wherein, delta2The thickness of the heat conduction layer along the first direction;
k2 is the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive layer in the first direction;
a1 is the heat conducting area of the single battery between the two single batteries at the outermost side, a1 is W × L1, W is the width of the single battery along the second direction, and L1 is the length of the single battery along the third direction;
the second direction is a direction in which the plurality of unit cells are arranged, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to a plane formed by the first direction and the second direction.
5. The battery module as set forth in claim 2, wherein the third thermal resistance R3The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000022
wherein, delta3Is the thickness of the shell along the first direction;
k3 is the thermal conductivity of the housing in the first direction;
a1 is the heat conducting area of the single battery between the two outermost single batteries, a1 is W × L1, W is the width of the single battery along the second direction, and L1 is the length of the single battery along the third direction;
the second direction is the direction in which the plurality of unit cells are arranged, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to a plane formed by the first direction and the second direction.
6. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the outermost unit cell has a thermal resistance RoThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000023
wherein the first thermal resistance R1Represents the thermal resistance of the single battery between the two single batteries positioned at the outermost side along the first direction;
second thermal resistance R2Represents the thermal resistance of the heat conducting layer along the first direction;
third thermal resistance R3Represents a thermal resistance of the housing in the first direction;
fourth thermal resistance R4Represents the thermal resistance of the outermost unit cell along a second direction;
fifth thermal resistance R5Represents a thermal resistance of the thermal insulation layer along the second direction;
sixth thermal resistance R6Another thermal resistance representing the housing in the first direction;
seventh thermal resistance R7Representing a further thermal resistance of said housing in said first direction;
wherein the first thermal resistance R1The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000031
second thermal resistance R2The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000032
third thermal resistance R3The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000033
wherein H is the height of the single battery along the first direction;
δ2the thickness of the heat conduction layer along the first direction;
δ3is the thickness of the shell along the first direction;
k1 is the thermal conductivity of the cell in the first direction;
k2 is the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive layer in the first direction;
k3 is the thermal conductivity of the housing in the first direction;
a1 is the heat conducting area of the single battery between the two outermost single batteries, a1 is W × L1, W is the width of the single battery along the second direction, and L1 is the length of the single battery along the third direction;
the first direction is the height direction of the battery module, the second direction is the arrangement direction of the single batteries, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to a plane formed by the first direction and the second direction.
7. The battery module as set forth in claim 6, wherein said fourth thermal resistance R4The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000034
wherein K4 is the thermal conductivity of the cell in the second direction;
a4 is the heat conducting area of the outermost unit cell, a4 is H × L1, and L1 is the length of the unit cell in the third direction.
8. The battery module as set forth in claim 6, wherein the fifth thermal resistance R5The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000041
wherein, delta1The thickness of the thermal insulation layer along the second direction;
k5 is the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer along the second direction;
a4 is the heat conducting area of the outermost unit cell, a4 is H × L1, and L1 is the length of the unit cell in the third direction.
9. The battery module as set forth in claim 6, wherein the sixth thermal resistance R6The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000042
wherein A3 is the heat conducting area of the shell, and A3 ═ σ3× L2, L2 is the length of the housing in the third direction.
10. The battery module as set forth in claim 6, wherein the seventh thermal resistance R7The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0001915967070000043
wherein A3 is the heat conducting area of the shell, and A3 is delta3× L2, L2 is the length of the housing in the third direction.
11. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the thermal insulation layer satisfies the following relationship:
δ1≥0.5×H×C1+δ2×C2+δ3×C3-0.15×W×C4+(0.15×H+0.3×δ3)×C5
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0001915967070000044
δ1the thickness of the thermal insulation layer along the second direction;
δ2the thickness of the heat conduction layer along the first direction;
δ3is the thickness of the shell along the first direction;
h is the height of the single battery along the first direction;
w is the width of the single battery along the second direction;
k1 is the thermal conductivity of the cell in the first direction;
k2 is the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive layer in the first direction;
k3 is the thermal conductivity of the housing in the first direction;
k4 is the thermal conductivity of the cell in the second direction;
a1 is the heat conducting area of the single battery between the two outermost single batteries, a1 is W × L1, W is the width of the single battery along the second direction, and L1 is the length of the single battery along the third direction;
a3 is the heat conducting area of the housing, A3 ═ σ3×L2，σ3Is the thickness of the housing in the first direction, L2 is the length of the housing in a third direction;
the first direction is the height direction of the battery module, the second direction is the arrangement direction of the single batteries, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to a plane formed by the first direction and the second direction.
12. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer is less than 0.1W/(m-K).
13. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation layer is less than or equal to 0.05W/(m-K).
14. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 1-4 mm.
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