CN106532185A - Battery box adopting cylindrical battery monomer and heat conduction path selection method thereof - Google Patents
Battery box adopting cylindrical battery monomer and heat conduction path selection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106532185A CN106532185A CN201611224885.9A CN201611224885A CN106532185A CN 106532185 A CN106532185 A CN 106532185A CN 201611224885 A CN201611224885 A CN 201611224885A CN 106532185 A CN106532185 A CN 106532185A
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a battery box adopting a cylindrical battery monomer and a heat conduction path selection method thereof. Through comparing the axial heat resistance and the radial heat resistance of the cylindrical battery monomer, the optimal axial direction or radial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer is determined as a heat conduction path; after the heat conduction path is determined, a plurality of battery modules are arranged in a body of the battery box, the cylindrical battery monomer is arranged in a corresponding through hole between a first frame body and a second frame body of the battery module, and the cylindrical battery monomer is connected to a heat sink or a heating body to carry out heat management through a corresponding heat conduction element according to the selected heat conduction path. According to the battery box adopting the cylindrical battery monomer and the heat conduction path selection method thereof, the appropriate heat conduction path is selected according to the actual condition of the cylindrical battery monomer, the heat conduction path is utilized to arrange the cylindrical battery monomer and the heat sink or the heating body in a matching manner according to the actual condition in order to carry out natural cooling, forced cooling, liquid cooling, heating film heating, PTC heating, liquid heating and the like, and the battery box adopting the cylindrical battery monomer and the heat conduction path selection method thereof have the advantages of better heat management, low complexity of heat management, small weight of the battery module, low cost and high safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a method or a device for directly converting chemical energy into electric energy, and particularly relates to a battery box adopting cylindrical battery cells and a heat conduction path selection method thereof, wherein the heat conduction path can be determined according to the actual selection condition of the cylindrical battery cells, and the heat conduction path selection method is excellent in heat management.
Background
Under the support of the country and the benefit of the market, the power lithium ion battery industry develops very rapidly, and particularly in the fields of buses, passenger vehicles, logistics vehicles and the like, the utilization rate of the power lithium ion battery is increased very rapidly.
Cylindrical battery cells are used as lithium ion batteries, and due to the special geometric structure and the small capacity of the cylindrical battery cells, a large number of battery cells are often required to be connected in series and in parallel during grouping, so that the requirements of a power battery system on current and voltage can be met. It is apparent that this ganging approach is accompanied by challenges to thermal management of the battery system.
With the improvement of the requirements of consumers on the power performance, the quick charging performance and the like of the electric automobile, the heating problem of the power lithium ion battery in the use process is more and more serious, especially in the south area in summer, and faults and accidents caused by overheating of the battery frequently occur. Heating of the battery raises the battery temperature, which in turn reduces battery life and even creates unpredictable hazards.
Through some research and development, some thermal management methods for battery modules formed by cylindrical battery cells are developed in the industry, for example, a known Tesla liquid-cooled battery system is designed based on a main heat conduction path which is the large cylindrical surface of each cylindrical battery cell, however, the design needs to thermally manage the cylindrical surface of each cylindrical battery cell, so that the thermal management system is very complex, the design and the manufacture of the thermal management system are very complex, and the cost is higher; the whole cylindrical battery monomer is completely immersed in the pouring sealant, the design not only can greatly increase the weight of the module and reduce the energy density, but also can increase the cost, and meanwhile, reasonable avoidance measures are not taken for thermal runaway spreading of the battery module which is possibly generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem that in the prior art, a thermal management method for a battery module consisting of cylindrical battery cells cannot take advantages of convenience and performance into consideration, so that the cylindrical surface of each cylindrical battery cell needs to be thermally managed, a thermal management system is very complex, the design and manufacture of the thermal management system are very complex, the cost is higher, or the whole cylindrical battery cell is completely immersed in a pouring sealant, the weight of the module is greatly increased, the energy density is reduced, the cost is increased, and meanwhile, reasonable avoidance measures are not taken for thermal runaway spreading of the battery module which is possibly generated, so that an optimized battery box adopting the cylindrical battery cells and a heat conduction path selection method thereof are provided.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a heat conduction path selection method of a battery box adopting a cylindrical battery monomer comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the height l, the diameter d and the axial heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the cylindrical battery monomerAAnd radial thermal conductivity lambdaR;
Step 2: the heat conduction path of the cylindrical battery monomer comprises an axial direction and a radial direction, and the thermal resistance ratio of the axial thermal resistance to the radial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomer is set to be alpha;
and step 3: according to the Fourier law of thermal conductivitySubstituting the partial derivative terms with a difference format to obtainI.e. thermal resistanceObtaining the axial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomerRadial thermal resistanceWherein,for heat flux, △ T is temperature difference, a is heat conduction area, △ x is length of heat conduction path;
and 4, step 4: obtaining the ratio of the axial thermal resistance to the radial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomer:
and 5: when alpha is less than 1, selecting the axial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer as a heat conduction path; when alpha is larger than 1, selecting the radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell as a heat conduction path; when α is 1, the axial direction or the radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell is selected as a heat conduction path.
Preferably, in the step 4,wherein, the equivalent utilization rate of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical battery monomer is 0 & lt 1, η is the equivalent utilization rate of the end surface of the cylindrical battery monomer, and 0 & lt η & lt 1.
A battery box adopting a cylindrical battery monomer and adopting the heat conduction path selection method comprises a box body, wherein a plurality of battery modules are arranged in the box body, any one battery module comprises a first frame body and a second frame body which are arranged in a matched mode, an array comprising corresponding through holes is arranged in the corresponding first frame body and the corresponding second frame body, and the edges of the first frame body and the second frame body are higher than the plane where the array is located; a cylindrical battery monomer is arranged between the corresponding through holes of the first frame body and the second frame body in a matched mode, the positive end of the cylindrical battery monomer is arranged in a matched mode with the through hole of the first frame body, and the negative end of the cylindrical battery monomer is arranged in a matched mode with the through hole of the second frame body; and the cylindrical battery monomer is provided with a heat conduction element, and the heat conduction element is connected to the heat radiator or the heating body.
Preferably, the heat conducting element is a heat conducting glue layer arranged between the negative end of the cylindrical battery cell and the through hole of the second frame body; or the heat conducting element is a heat conducting sheet arranged in the middle of the cylindrical battery monomer.
Preferably, all the cylindrical battery cells in any one battery module are connected in parallel, and the plurality of battery modules are connected in series in sequence.
Preferably, the anodes of all the cylindrical battery cells in any battery module are welded to the first metal plate, the cathodes of all the cylindrical battery cells in any battery module are welded to the second metal plate, an electrode is arranged on any first metal plate, an electrode is arranged on any second metal plate, and the plurality of battery modules are sequentially connected to the electrode on the second metal plate of the following battery module through the electrode on the first metal plate of the preceding battery module.
Preferably, any one of the battery modules comprises a plurality of battery monomer groups, and each battery monomer group comprises the same number of cylindrical battery monomers; all cylindrical battery monomers in any battery monomer group are connected in parallel, and the battery monomer groups are sequentially connected in series; the battery modules are connected in series in sequence.
Preferably, the anodes of all the cylindrical battery cells in any battery cell group are welded to a third metal plate, the cathodes of all the cylindrical battery cells in any battery cell group are welded to a fourth metal plate, an electrode is arranged on any third metal plate, an electrode is arranged on any fourth metal plate, the plurality of battery cell groups are sequentially connected to an electrode on the fourth metal plate of a subsequent battery cell group through an electrode on the third metal plate of a previous battery cell group, and the plurality of battery modules are sequentially connected to an electrode on the fourth metal plate of a first battery cell group of the subsequent battery module through an electrode on the third metal plate of a last battery cell group of the previous battery module.
Preferably, a plurality of first bosses and second bosses are distributed on the side surface of the first frame body, which faces away from the through hole; the heights of the first bosses are equal, the heights of the second bosses are equal, and the heights of the second bosses are greater than the heights of the first bosses; the heat-insulation and impact-prevention layer is attached to the first bosses, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the heat-insulation and impact-prevention layer, the upper end parts of the second bosses are attached to the positioning holes, and the top surfaces of the second bosses are flush with the surface of the heat-insulation and impact-prevention layer; and a plurality of third bosses with the same height are distributed on the side surface of the second frame body back to the through hole.
Preferably, the first frame body and the second frame body are distributed with vent holes around; and an explosion-proof valve is arranged on the inner side of the box body outside the battery module.
The invention provides an optimized battery box adopting a cylindrical battery monomer and a heat conduction path selection method thereof, wherein the axial thermal resistance and the radial thermal resistance of the currently used cylindrical battery monomer are compared, and the axial direction or the radial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer is determined to be more preferable as a heat conduction path; after the heat conduction path is determined, a plurality of battery modules are arranged in the battery box body, cylindrical battery monomers are arranged in corresponding through holes between the first frame body and the second frame body of each battery module, and the cylindrical battery monomers are connected to the radiator or the heating body through corresponding heat conduction elements according to the selected heat conduction path to conduct heat management. According to the invention, a proper heat conduction path is selected according to the actual condition of the cylindrical battery monomer, and the cylindrical battery monomer and the heat radiator or the heating body can be matched and arranged by using the heat conduction path according to the actual condition so as to carry out natural cooling, forced air cooling, liquid cooling, heating film heating, PTC heating, liquid heating and the like.
Figure of the invention
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an exploded view structural diagram of a battery module according to the present invention, in which an axial direction is used as a heat conduction path;
fig. 3 is an exploded view structural diagram of a battery module according to the present invention, in which a radial direction is used as a heat conduction path;
fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of the connection between the battery modules according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the connection between battery modules according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a partial sectional view schematically illustrating a structure of a battery module according to the present invention, in which first frame bodies are disposed opposite to each other;
fig. 7 is a partial sectional view schematically illustrating a structure of a battery module according to the present invention in which second frame bodies are disposed opposite to each other.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention relates to a method for selecting a heat conduction path of a battery box by using a cylindrical battery cell 1, which comprises the following steps.
Step 1: determining the height l, the diameter d and the axial heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the cylindrical battery monomer 1AAnd radial thermal conductivity lambdaR。
Step 2: the heat conduction path of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 comprises an axial direction and a radial direction, and the thermal resistance ratio of the axial thermal resistance to the radial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is set to be alpha.
In the invention, the steps 1 and 2 determine the basic characteristics of the cylindrical battery monomer 1, the heat conduction path of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 comprises a radial direction and an axial direction, and in the design of the battery box by using different cylindrical battery monomers 1, because of the height l, the diameter d and the axial heat conduction coefficient lambda of the cylindrical battery monomer 1AAnd radial thermal conductivity lambdaRThe radial and axial thermal resistance ratios α are different, i.e., the thermal conduction paths chosen are also different.
According to the Fourier law of thermal conductivitySubstituting the partial derivative terms with a difference format to obtainI.e. thermal resistanceObtaining the axial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomer 1Radial thermal resistanceWherein,for heat flux, △ T is the temperature difference, A is the heat conduction area, and △ x is the length of the heat conduction path.
In the present invention, the law of Fourier heat conduction isDeducing the thermal resistance
In the present invention, when both end surfaces of the cylindrical battery cell 1 are used for heat conduction, heat is transferred from the center to both end surfaces over a heat transfer distance ofWhen the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is used for heat conduction, heat is also transferred from the axial center to the circumferential surface by the heat transfer distance
And 4, step 4: obtaining the ratio of the axial thermal resistance to the radial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomer 1:
in the present invention, the internal thermal properties of the lithium ion battery described above include the height l, diameter d, and axial thermal conductivity λ of the cylindrical battery cell 1AAnd radial thermal conductivity lambdaRAnd the ratio α of the axial thermal resistance and the radial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is obtained.
And 5: when alpha is less than 1, selecting the axial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 as a heat conduction path; when alpha is larger than 1, selecting the radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell 1 as a heat conduction path; when α is 1, the axial direction or the radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is selected as the heat conduction path.
In the invention, when α <1, the axial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is smaller than the radial thermal resistance, the axial direction of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is selected as a better heat conduction path, when α >1, the axial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is larger than the radial thermal resistance, the radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is selected as a better heat conduction path, when α is 1, the axial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is equal to the radial thermal resistance, and the axial direction or the radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is selected as a heat conduction path.
In the step 4, the process of the step,wherein, the equivalent utilization rate of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is 0 & lt 1, η is the equivalent utilization rate of the end surface of the cylindrical battery monomer 1, and 0 & lt η & lt 1.
In the invention, in the actual operation, when the radial direction is selected as the heat conduction path, the contact area between the cylindrical surface of the cylindrical battery cell 1 and the radiator or the heating body 3 cannot be completely utilized, and when the axial direction is selected as the heat conduction path, only one end surface of the negative electrode can be used for heat transfer, and a part of the negative electrode can be shielded by a positioned component, namely the heat transfer utilization is not the whole end surface of the negative electrode, so that in the actual calculation process of the thermal resistance ratio, the equivalent utilization rate of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical battery cell 1 and the equivalent utilization rate eta of the end surface of the cylindrical battery cell 1 are introduced, and the calculation result is closer to the actual operation condition.
In the present invention, generally, it is possible to take 0.17 or more in combination with practical experience.
In the present invention, in general, η is between 0 and 1, and is generally 0.17 or slightly larger in combination with practical experience.
In the present invention, a commonly used cylindrical battery cell 1 is exemplified.
In the invention, the commonly used cylindrical battery cell 1 comprises a 18650 lithium battery and a 32650 lithium battery, when the 18650 lithium battery is selected as the cylindrical battery cell 1, d is 18mm, and l is 65mm, when the side surface of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is completely used for heat transfer, α is 0.87, the equivalent utilization rate of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is 0.17, the equivalent utilization rate of the end surface η of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is 0.17, and the actual cylindrical battery cell 1 is actuallyWhen the 32650 lithium battery is selected as the cylindrical battery cell 1, d is 32mm, l is 65mm, when the side face of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is completely used for heat transfer, α is 0.28, the equivalent utilization rate of the circumferential face of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is 0.17, the equivalent utilization rate of the end face η of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is 0.17, and the actual condition is that the axial direction of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is taken as a heat conduction pathThe axial direction of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is selected as the heat conduction path.
The invention also relates to a battery box adopting the heat conduction path selection method and adopting the cylindrical battery monomer 1, wherein the battery box comprises a box body 4, a plurality of battery modules 2 are arranged in the box body 4, any one of the battery modules 2 comprises a first frame body 5 and a second frame body 6 which are arranged in a matching way, an array comprising corresponding through holes 7 is arranged in the corresponding first frame body 5 and second frame body 6, and the edges of the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 are higher than the plane where the array is located; a cylindrical battery cell 1 is arranged between the corresponding through holes 7 of the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 in a matched manner, the positive end of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is arranged in a matched manner with the through hole 7 of the first frame body 5, and the negative end of the cylindrical battery cell 1 is arranged in a matched manner with the through hole 7 of the second frame body 6; the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is provided with a heat conducting element 8, and the heat conducting element 8 is connected to the heat radiator or the heating body 3.
In the invention, the plurality of battery modules 2 are arranged in the battery box body 4 to complete power supply operation, and in the actual arrangement process, the battery modules 2 can be horizontally arranged, vertically arranged, arranged side by side or piled into a module group, and the box body 4 is arranged to complete the integral arrangement of the battery box. In general, the battery box body 4 includes at least two battery modules 2, and more battery modules 2 can be extended if necessary.
In the invention, the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is arranged in the through hole 7 corresponding to the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 of the battery module 2, for convenience of expression, the positive end of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is matched with the through hole 7 of the first frame body 5, the negative end of the cylindrical battery monomer is matched with the through hole 7 of the second frame body 6, and the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is matched with different heat conducting elements 8 according to a selected heat conducting path and then is connected to the heat radiator or the heating body 3 for heat management.
In the invention, the edges of the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 are higher than the plane of the array, the through holes 7 are arranged on the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 in the array, and generally, the depth of the through holes 7 is shallow, and the purpose of arranging the corresponding through holes 7 on the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 is mainly to ensure the positioning of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 and arrange the heat conducting element 8, so that the bottom of the through hole 7 is generally provided with an annular sheet to ensure the position stability of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 in the through hole and arrange the heat conducting element 8.
In the present invention, the heat sink 3 includes a natural cooling device, a forced air cooling device, a liquid cooling device, a refrigerant direct cooling device, and the like, and the heating body 3 includes a heating film structure, a PTC structure, a liquid heating device, and the like, where the selection of the heat sink or the heating body 3 is not the invention point of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can set the heat sink or the heating body according to the actual requirements based on the understanding of the technology of the present invention.
According to the invention, a proper heat conduction path is selected according to the actual condition of the cylindrical battery monomer 1, and the cylindrical battery monomer 1 and the heat radiator or the heating body 3 can be matched and arranged by using the heat conduction path according to the actual condition so as to carry out natural cooling, forced air cooling, liquid cooling, heating film heating, PTC heating, liquid heating and the like, so that the battery module has the advantages of better heat management, low complexity of heat management, light weight of the battery module 2, low cost and high safety.
The heat conducting element 8 is a heat conducting adhesive layer arranged between the cathode end of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 and the through hole 7 of the second frame body 6; or the heat conducting element 8 is a heat conducting sheet arranged in the middle of the cylindrical battery monomer 1.
In the invention, when the axial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is selected as a heat conduction path, the heat conduction element 8 can be set as a heat conduction adhesive layer which is arranged between the cathode end of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 and the through hole 7 of the second frame body 6; when the radial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is selected as a heat conduction path, as the edges of the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 are higher than the plane where the array is located, obviously, a section of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is not located in the through hole 7 of the first frame body 5 or the second frame body 6, and because the radial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is taken as the heat conduction path, the heat conduction sheet is mainly concentrated on the middle section of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 for heat management, the heat conduction sheet can be arranged in the middle of the cylindrical battery monomer 1; regardless of which selection mode is selected, the final thermal conductive adhesive layer or thermal conductive sheet is connected to the heat radiator or heating body 3 for thermal management.
In the present invention, the connection of the cylindrical battery cell 1 and the battery module 2 has at least 2 embodiments.
Example 1:
all the cylindrical battery monomers 1 in any battery module 2 are connected in parallel, and the battery modules 2 are connected in series in sequence.
The positive pole welding of all cylinder battery monomer 1 in arbitrary battery module 2 is to first metal sheet 9, all cylinder battery monomer 1's in arbitrary battery module 2 negative pole welding is to second metal sheet 10, be equipped with electrode 11 on arbitrary first metal sheet 9, be equipped with electrode 11 on arbitrary second metal sheet 10, a plurality of battery modules 2 are connected to electrode 11 on the second metal sheet 10 of back battery module 2 with electrode 11 on the first metal sheet 9 of preceding battery module 2 in order.
In this embodiment, after all the cylindrical battery cells 1 in the battery module 2 are connected in parallel, the anodes of all the cylindrical battery cells 1 are located at the same side, and the cathodes of all the cylindrical battery cells 1 are located at the same side, that is, the whole battery module 2 can weld the first metal plate 9 at the anode of the cylindrical battery cell 1 as an output plate, weld the second metal plate 10 at the cathode of the cylindrical battery cell 1 as an input plate, and by arranging the electrode 11 on the output plate and the electrode 11 on the input plate, a plurality of battery modules 2 can be connected in series in sequence, thereby completing the connection of the internal battery modules 2 of the battery box; on the contrary, the connection sequence is not changed in the charging stage, and the current direction is changed.
Example 2:
any battery module 2 comprises a plurality of battery monomer groups 12, and each battery monomer group 12 comprises the same number of cylindrical battery monomers 1; all the cylindrical battery monomers 1 in any battery monomer group 12 are connected in parallel, and the plurality of battery monomer groups 12 are sequentially connected in series; the plurality of battery modules 2 are connected in series in sequence.
The positive poles of all cylindrical battery monomers 1 in any battery monomer group 12 are welded to a third metal plate 13, the negative poles of all cylindrical battery monomers 1 in any battery monomer group 12 are welded to a fourth metal plate 14, an electrode 11 is arranged on any third metal plate 13, an electrode 11 is arranged on any fourth metal plate 14, a plurality of battery monomer groups 12 are sequentially connected to the electrode 11 on the fourth metal plate 14 of a subsequent battery monomer group 12 through the electrode 11 on the third metal plate 13 of the prior battery monomer group 12, and a plurality of battery modules 2 are sequentially connected to the electrode 11 on the fourth metal plate 14 of the first battery monomer group 12 of the subsequent battery module 2 through the electrode 11 on the third metal plate 13 of the last battery monomer group 12 of the prior battery module 2.
In this embodiment, all the cylindrical battery cells 1 in any one of the battery modules 2 are divided into a plurality of equal parts, a battery cell group 12 is formed by connecting a plurality of cylindrical battery cells 1 of each equal part in parallel, the battery cell group 12 and the battery cell group 12 are sequentially connected in series, and finally the battery modules 2 are also sequentially connected in series.
In this embodiment, the third metal plate 13 is welded to the positive electrode of the cylindrical battery cell 1 of any battery cell group 12 to serve as an output plate, the fourth metal plate 14 is welded to the negative electrode of the cylindrical battery cell 1 of any battery cell group 12 to serve as an input plate, the electrodes 11 are arranged on the output plate, the electrodes 11 are arranged on the input plate, so that the plurality of battery cell groups 12 can be sequentially connected in series, and finally the battery modules 2 are sequentially connected in series by serially connecting the head and tail battery cell groups 12 of the adjacent battery modules 2 to complete the connection of the internal battery modules 2 of the battery box; on the contrary, the connection sequence is not changed in the charging stage, and the current direction is changed.
In the present invention, the material of the first metal plate 9, the second metal plate 10, the third metal plate 13 and the fourth metal plate 14 is generally nickel or steel nickel plating, and the thickness cannot be too large, generally less than 0.3mm, in consideration of the reason of the over-welding; considering the problem that the current required by the battery box is large, the electrode is generally made of a conducting strip, a copper material can be selected under general conditions, the resistivity of copper is about 0.2-0.25 times of that of nickel, and the copper sheet serving as the electrode 11 can be relatively thick and wide, so that large current can pass through the copper sheet conveniently.
A plurality of first bosses 15 and second bosses 16 are distributed on the side surface of the first frame body 5 back to the through hole 7; the heights of the first bosses 15 are equal, the heights of the second bosses 16 are equal, and the heights of the second bosses 16 are greater than the heights of the first bosses 15; a heat insulation and impact prevention layer 17 is attached to the first bosses 15, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the heat insulation and impact prevention layer 17, the upper end portions of the second bosses 16 are attached to the positioning holes, and the top surfaces of the second bosses 16 are flush with the surface of the heat insulation and impact prevention layer 17; a plurality of third bosses 18 with the same height are distributed on the side surface of the second frame body 6 back to the through hole 7.
In the invention, in order to prevent the battery thermal runaway from spreading among the battery modules 2, a heat-insulating and impact-resistant layer 17 is generally additionally arranged on the first frame body 5 of the battery module 2 to block heat and impact generated by the thermal runaway of the cylindrical battery monomer 1, and the heat-insulating and impact-resistant layer 17 is made of a high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant material to prevent the thermal runaway gas from directly impacting the adjacent battery modules 2 to cause the thermal runaway of the adjacent battery modules 2. Typically, the insulating and impact-resistant layer 17 is a mica sheet.
In the invention, in order to ensure the heat insulation effect, a plurality of first bosses 15 are arranged on the side surface of the first frame body 5 opposite to the through holes 7, the first bosses 15 can be arranged on the first frame body 5 among any four through holes 7, only the heat insulation and impact prevention layer 17 needs to be normally supported, and the heights of the first bosses 15 are equal, so that an even gap is formed between the heat insulation and impact prevention layer 17 and the inside of the battery module 2, and the effect of separating the heat insulation and impact prevention layer can be fully realized. In the embodiment of reality, when the anodal is relative between battery module 2, can cut off a large amount of heats that the thermal runaway produced with the cylinder battery monomer 1 of adjacent battery module 2 through this battery module 2 and the thermal-insulated protecting against shock layer 17 and the clearance of adjacent battery module 2 outside this battery module 2, or cut off a large amount of heats that the thermal runaway produced with the cylinder battery monomer 1 of this battery module 2 within this battery module 2, then outside this battery module 2 of discharging through exhaust hole 19, in order to avoid the thermal runaway under any circumstances to stretch.
In the present invention, the battery modules 2 are usually grouped together to form a module group, in order to ensure good contact between the battery modules 2 and the heat sink or heating body 3, the battery modules 2 are usually fastened together by bolts or straps, and there is a compressive force between the battery modules 2 during fastening, however, most of the heat sink or heating body 3 cannot bear an excessive force, so it is necessary to provide a second boss 16 and a third boss 18 for protecting the heat management assembly on the side surfaces of the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 facing away from the through hole 7, when the second boss 16 or the third boss 18 of adjacent battery module 2 correspond the setting, can not exert destructive power to thermal-insulated protecting against shock layer 17 or radiator or heating body 3, guarantee can dock safely between two adjacent battery modules 2, one side is guaranteed thermal-insulated protecting against shock layer 17 and is in normal condition, and the opposite side can be used for placing and protecting radiator or heating body 3.
In the invention, when the battery modules 2 are placed side by side or stacked, the two battery modules 2 form a group, and the third bosses 18 of the second frame bodies 6 of the two battery modules 2 are arranged in a matching manner, so that when the radiator or the heating body 3 is arranged, the radiator or the heating body 3 is arranged between the third bosses 18 of the two battery modules 2, the purpose that the two battery modules 2 share one radiator or heating body 3 is achieved, and the cost and the space are saved. When the small groups formed by the two battery modules 2 are arranged side by side or stacked, the second bosses 16 of the first frame body 5 are arranged in a matching way, so that two heat-insulating anti-impact layers 17 and two gaps are arranged in the area where the anodes of the two adjacent battery modules 2 are opposite, and the function of preventing thermal runaway spread is strengthened; of course, there are also cases where the segments are fully juxtaposed and where the sides are juxtaposed, where no projection can be engaged, which is outside the scope of this structural discussion.
In the invention, the second boss 16 penetrates through the positioning hole of the heat-insulation impact-resistant layer 17, and the top surface of the second boss 16 is flush with the upper surface of the heat-insulation impact-resistant layer 17, so that the heat-insulation impact-resistant layer 17 between the adjacent battery modules 2 can be attached, and the control on the thermal runaway propagation is not influenced. In general, the second bosses 16 are provided at the edge and the middle of the side of the first frame 5 facing away from the through hole 7 to serve as a support.
In the invention, the third boss 18 is arranged on the side surface of the second frame body 6 opposite to the through hole 7, when an axial heat conduction path is selected, the thickness of the third boss 18 is larger than that of the heat conduction glue layer due to the existence of the heat conduction glue layer, so that the adjacent battery modules 2 can be attached to each other at the third boss 18, and the space formed by the attachment of the third boss 18 can be used for placing the heat radiator or the heating body 3.
Exhaust holes 19 are distributed around the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6; an explosion-proof valve 20 is arranged on the inner side of the box body 4 outside the battery module 2.
In the present invention, in order to avoid the explosion of the battery module 2 caused by the gas generated by the thermal runaway of the cylindrical battery cell 1 accumulating inside the battery module 2, the first frame 5 and the second frame 6 are generally provided with vent holes 19 around, and the whole is hollowed out for exhausting the thermal runaway gas out of the battery module 2.
In the present invention, since the gas generated by thermal runaway is collected inside the case 4 of the battery case after being discharged to the outside of the battery module 2 through the gas discharge hole 19 of the battery module 2, the explosion-proof valve 20 is installed inside the case 4 outside the battery module 2, and when the internal pressure of the case 4 is collected to a certain degree, the explosion-proof valve 20 is opened to discharge the gas to the outside of the case 4.
The invention solves the problems that in the prior art, the advantages of convenience and performance cannot be considered in a heat management method of a battery module 2 formed by cylindrical battery monomers 1, so that the cylindrical surface of each cylindrical battery monomer 1 needs to be subjected to heat management, the heat management system is very complex, the design and manufacture of the heat management system are very complex, and the cost is higher, or the whole cylindrical battery monomer 1 is completely immersed in pouring sealant, the module weight is greatly increased, the energy density is reduced, the cost is also increased, and reasonable avoidance measures are not taken for thermal runaway spreading of the battery module 2 which is possibly generated at the same time, and the axial direction or the radial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is determined to be more preferable as a heat conduction path by comparing the axial thermal resistance with the radial thermal resistance of the currently used cylindrical battery monomer 1; after the heat conduction path is determined, the plurality of battery modules 2 are arranged in the battery box body 4, the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is arranged in the corresponding through hole 7 between the first frame body 5 and the second frame body 6 of the battery modules 2, and the cylindrical battery monomer 1 is connected to the radiator or the heating body 3 through the corresponding heat conduction element 8 according to the selected heat conduction path for heat management. According to the invention, a proper heat conduction path is selected according to the actual condition of the cylindrical battery monomer 1, and the cylindrical battery monomer 1 and the heat radiator or the heating body 3 can be matched and arranged by using the heat conduction path according to the actual condition so as to carry out natural cooling, forced air cooling, liquid cooling, heating film heating, PTC heating, liquid heating and the like, so that the battery module has the advantages of better heat management, low complexity of heat management, light weight of the battery module 2, low cost and high safety.
Claims (10)
1. A method for selecting a heat conduction path of a battery box adopting cylindrical battery monomers is characterized by comprising the following steps: the heat conduction path selection method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the height l, the diameter d and the axial heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the cylindrical battery monomerAAnd radial thermal conductivity lambdaR;
Step 2: the heat conduction path of the cylindrical battery monomer comprises an axial direction and a radial direction, and the thermal resistance ratio of the axial thermal resistance to the radial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomer is set to be alpha;
and step 3: according to FourierLaw of leaf heat conductionSubstituting the partial derivative terms with a difference format to obtainI.e. thermal resistanceObtaining the axial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomerRadial thermal resistanceWherein,for heat flux, △ T is temperature difference, a is heat conduction area, △ x is length of heat conduction path;
and 4, step 4: obtaining the ratio of the axial thermal resistance to the radial thermal resistance of the cylindrical battery monomer:
and 5: when alpha is less than 1, selecting the axial direction of the cylindrical battery monomer as a heat conduction path;
when alpha is larger than 1, selecting the radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell as a heat conduction path; when α is 1, the axial direction or the radial direction of the cylindrical battery cell is selected as a heat conduction path.
2. The method for selecting the heat conduction path of the battery box using the cylindrical battery cells as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, the process of the step,wherein, the equivalent utilization rate of the circumferential surface of the cylindrical battery monomer is 0 & lt 1, η is the equivalent utilization rate of the end surface of the cylindrical battery monomer, and 0 & lt η & lt 1.
3. A battery box using cylindrical battery cells and adopting the heat conduction path selection method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, the battery box comprising a box body in which a plurality of battery modules are disposed, wherein: the battery module comprises a first frame body and a second frame body which are arranged in a matched mode, an array comprising corresponding through holes is arranged in the corresponding first frame body and the corresponding second frame body, and the edges of the first frame body and the second frame body are higher than the plane where the array is located; a cylindrical battery monomer is arranged between the corresponding through holes of the first frame body and the second frame body in a matched mode, the positive end of the cylindrical battery monomer is arranged in a matched mode with the through hole of the first frame body, and the negative end of the cylindrical battery monomer is arranged in a matched mode with the through hole of the second frame body; and the cylindrical battery monomer is provided with a heat conduction element, and the heat conduction element is connected to the heat radiator or the heating body.
4. The battery box of claim 3, wherein the battery box comprises: the heat conducting element is a heat conducting adhesive layer arranged between the cathode end of the cylindrical battery monomer and the through hole of the second frame body; or the heat conducting element is a heat conducting sheet arranged in the middle of the cylindrical battery monomer.
5. The battery box of claim 3, wherein the battery box comprises: all the cylindrical battery monomers in any battery module are connected in parallel, and the battery modules are connected in series in sequence.
6. The battery box of claim 5, wherein: the positive electrodes of all cylindrical battery monomers in any battery module are welded to the first metal plate, the negative electrodes of all cylindrical battery monomers in any battery module are welded to the second metal plate, an electrode is arranged on any first metal plate, an electrode is arranged on any second metal plate, and the plurality of battery modules are connected to the electrode on the second metal plate of the following battery module sequentially through the electrode on the first metal plate of the preceding battery module.
7. The battery box of claim 3, wherein the battery box comprises: each battery module comprises a plurality of battery monomer groups, and each battery monomer group comprises cylindrical battery monomers with the same number; all cylindrical battery monomers in any battery monomer group are connected in parallel, and the battery monomer groups are sequentially connected in series; the battery modules are connected in series in sequence.
8. The battery box of claim 7, wherein: the positive poles of all cylindrical battery monomers in any battery monomer group are welded to a third metal plate, the negative poles of all cylindrical battery monomers in any battery monomer group are welded to a fourth metal plate, an electrode is arranged on any third metal plate, an electrode is arranged on any fourth metal plate, a plurality of battery monomer groups are connected to the electrode on the fourth metal plate of a rear battery monomer group through the electrode on the third metal plate of a previous battery monomer group in sequence, and a plurality of battery modules are connected to the electrode on the fourth metal plate of a first battery monomer group of the rear battery module through the electrode on the third metal plate of the last battery monomer group of the previous battery module in sequence.
9. The battery box of claim 3, wherein the battery box comprises: a plurality of first bosses and second bosses are distributed on the side surface of the first frame body, which is back to the through hole; the heights of the first bosses are equal, the heights of the second bosses are equal, and the heights of the second bosses are greater than the heights of the first bosses; the heat-insulation and impact-prevention layer is attached to the first bosses, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in the heat-insulation and impact-prevention layer, the upper end parts of the second bosses are attached to the positioning holes, and the top surfaces of the second bosses are flush with the surface of the heat-insulation and impact-prevention layer; and a plurality of third bosses with the same height are distributed on the side surface of the second frame body back to the through hole.
10. The battery box of claim 3, wherein the battery box comprises: exhaust holes are distributed around the first frame body and the second frame body; and an explosion-proof valve is arranged on the inner side of the box body outside the battery module.
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