CN111351065B - Method for reducing NOx emission through oxygen circulation combustion - Google Patents

Method for reducing NOx emission through oxygen circulation combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111351065B
CN111351065B CN202010162103.3A CN202010162103A CN111351065B CN 111351065 B CN111351065 B CN 111351065B CN 202010162103 A CN202010162103 A CN 202010162103A CN 111351065 B CN111351065 B CN 111351065B
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flue gas
oxygen
combustion
concentration
circulation
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CN111351065A (en
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杨文辉
周全华
杜甫
许源
张庚秋
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Sichuan Messer Gas Products Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/26—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for returning flue gases to the combustion chamber or to the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/06—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for completing combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05002—Measuring CO2 content in flue gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for reducing NOx emission through oxygen circulation combustion, which adjusts the NOx emission concentration and emission in a combustor by accurately controlling the flue gas circulation amount and the oxygen addition amount in the combustor. Compared with the traditional scheme of replacing the burner to reduce the NOx, the method has the advantages that the NOx reduction process can be infinitely adjusted, the stability of the combustion process can be ensured, the cost required by reducing 1mgNOx can be accurately controlled, certain production efficiency can be improved, the oxygen combustion ratio can be adjusted, and periodic additional capacity is provided for enterprises which produce seasonally and periodically.

Description

Method for reducing NOx emission through oxygen circulation combustion
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of air combustion supporting, and particularly relates to a device and a method for reducing NOx emission concentration through oxygen circulation combustion.
Background
In the existing combustion technology for supporting combustion by air, because the combustion temperature and the gas concentration are not effectively controlled, the concentration of NOx in combustion flue gas exceeds the national emission concentration, for the existing reheating pure oxygen combustion technology or low-nitrogen combustion technology, the NOx emission reaches the standard, a burning gun needs to be replaced, the investment of the whole process is high, and the period of rectification and modification is long; and the tail gas treatment technology needs to consume chemicals, can generate secondary pollutants and has higher operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for reducing NOx emission through oxygen circulation combustion, which solves the problems that in the process of reducing NOx through combustion of the existing combustor, a combustion gun needs to be replaced, treatment chemicals need to be consumed, and secondary pollutants are generated.
The invention provides a method for reducing NOx emission through oxygen cycle combustion, which comprises the following steps:
s1 according to CO 2 The concentration data obtained by the infrared online analyzer is used for determining the current actual smoke circulation volume;
s2, uniformly starting a variable-frequency circulating flue gas fan based on the current actual flue gas circulation quantity, so that flue gas is extracted from an outlet of a flue gas heat exchanger for circulation;
s3, starting oxygen injection, and enabling combustion-supporting gas formed by oxygen, air and circulating flue gas to enter a combustor through a combustion-supporting fan;
s4, in the process that the combustion-supporting gas enters the combustor, acquiring a data monitoring result of oxygen content through an oxygen content online analyzer, and adjusting the oxygen adding amount;
s5, when the oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas is reduced to the limit oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas, starting an oxygen adjusting system, increasing the oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas entering the combustor by 0.5%, and uniformly closing a combustion-supporting fan;
s6, repeating the steps S3-S5, and gradually adding oxygen into the combustor to enable the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas to be unchanged so as to reduce NOx emission;
the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, to CO 2 Analyzing the concentration data acquired by the infrared online analyzer, and calculating the oxygen-fuel ratio;
s12, according to actually measured CO in the flue gas at the outlet of the kiln 2 The content and the oxygen-fuel ratio are calculated, and the current actual flue gas circulation amount is calculated;
in the step S2, when the variable frequency flue gas fan is started to circulate the flue gas, the circulation volume of the flue gas is stabilized to be 16-18%, and the temperature is controlled to be 150-200 ℃.
Further, in step S11, the analyzed data includes CO in the flue gas discharged from the kiln 2 Concentration and CO in flue gas at outlet of heat exchanger 2 Concentration, CH in heat exchanger outlet flue gas 4 Concentration, CO concentration in flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger, flow rate of flue gas dilution cold air and temperature of the flue gas dilution cold air.
Further, the step S12 is specifically:
a1, determining the absence of smokeCO in gas cycle process 2 Concentration;
a2, based on CO in the process without flue gas circulation 2 Concentration and oxygen-fuel ratio, and determining the current actual flue gas circulation amount after flue gas circulation.
Further, in step S4, the method for adjusting the oxygen addition amount includes:
and establishing a NOx generation curve according to the generation relation between the adiabatic flame temperature and NOx in the combustor, and correcting the oxygen addition amount based on a matlab BP model according to the actually measured NOx generation result to realize the adjustment of the oxygen addition amount.
Further, in the step S4, the amount of oxygen added was 0.21g.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method does not need to greatly reform the existing equipment, and compared with the traditional scheme of replacing the burner to reduce NOx, the method has the advantages that the NOx reduction process can be steplessly adjusted, on one hand, the stability of the combustion process can be ensured, on the other hand, the cost required by reducing 1mgNOx can be accurately controlled, on the other hand, a certain production efficiency can be improved, the oxygen combustion ratio can be adjusted, and the method provides periodic extra capacity for enterprises with seasonal and periodic production;
(2) On the premise of not changing combustion equipment, the uniformity of combustion temperature is improved, the combustion process is accurately controlled, and compared with the traditional process, the temperature control, the efficiency control and the NOx concentration control in the flue gas are realized;
(3) The technology that the oxygen adding circulating combustion of the reheating furnace is adopted to reduce the NOx emission concentration in the tail gas can be adopted for the large-sized or small-sized heating furnace for transformation; as is known, the larger or smaller the combustion equipment is, the more difficult the reduction of the concentration of NOx in the flue gas is, but the technology for reducing the concentration of NOx discharged in the tail gas by the oxygen-adding circulating combustion of the reheating furnace can be realized in lower modification cost and shorter modification period for large-scale combustion equipment and small-scale combustion equipment, and the simultaneous reduction of the discharge amount is realized while the concentration of NOx is reduced;
(4) The technology for reducing the NOx emission concentration in the tail gas through the oxygen adding circulating combustion of the reheating furnace can realize the reduction of the NOx emission with lower modification cost, can realize different control parameters by controlling the oxygen adding amount, and can meet the emission requirements of different stages.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for reducing NOx emissions by oxygen cycle combustion provided by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the oxygen cycle combustion provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for reducing NOx emissions by oxy-cycle combustion includes the steps of:
s1 according to CO 2 Acquiring concentration data by an infrared online analyzer, and determining the current actual flue gas circulation volume;
s2, uniformly starting a variable-frequency circulating flue gas fan based on the current actual flue gas circulation quantity, so that flue gas is extracted from an outlet of a flue gas heat exchanger for circulation;
s3, starting oxygen injection, and enabling combustion-supporting gas formed by oxygen, air and circulating flue gas to enter a combustor through a combustion-supporting fan;
s4, in the process that the combustion-supporting gas enters the combustor, adjusting the oxygen adding amount according to the data monitoring result of the oxygen content online analyzer;
s5, when the oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas is reduced to the limit oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas, starting an oxygen regulating system, increasing the oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas entering the combustor by 0.5%, and uniformly closing a combustion-supporting fan;
and S6, repeating the steps S3-S5, and gradually adding oxygen into the combustor to enable the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas to be unchanged, so that the NOx emission is reduced.
The step S1 is specifically:
s11, to CO 2 Analyzing the concentration data acquired by the infrared online analyzer, and calculating the oxygen-fuel ratio;
s12, according to actually measured CO in the flue gas at the outlet of the kiln 2 And calculating the current actual flue gas circulation amount according to the content and the oxygen-fuel ratio.
According to the schematic diagram of oxygen-cycle combustion shown in fig. 2, in step S11, the analyzed data includes the concentration of CO2 in the flue gas exiting from the kiln, the concentration of CO2 in the flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger, the concentration of CH4 in the flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger, the concentration of CO in the flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger, the flow rate of the flue gas dilution cold air, and the temperature of the flue gas dilution cold air. Since CO2 can only be produced from CH4 in natural gas and brought in by circulating flue gas, CO is measured 2 The concentration can measure the circulation rate of the smoke, but because of O 2 +CH 4 =CO 2 +2H 2 Since the conversion rate of O is affected by the air-fuel ratio and the combustion effect of the burner, and CH4 may not be completely converted, it is necessary to detect the CH4 concentration in the flue gas from the safety viewpoint and detect the CO concentration in the flue gas, and calculate the influence rate of the other conversion rates of combustion on the amount of CO2 produced. After mixing in the circulating flue gas, the main components of the circulating flue gas are as follows:
a = combustion residue O 2 Content (Nm) 3 /H)
B = post combustion H 2 O content (Nm) 3 /H)
C = post combustion CH 4 Content (Nm) 3 /H)
D = post combustion CO 2 Content (Nm) 3 /H)
E = post combustion N 2 Content (Nm) 3 /H)
F = flue gas circulation rate%
Thus, according to the CO after combustion 2 And (3) calculating the oxygen-fuel ratio according to the concentration, wherein the calculation formula of the oxygen-fuel ratio is as follows:
Figure 785473DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
based on the theoretical formula and actual measurement of CO in the flue gas at the outlet of the kiln 2 The content of the above step S12 is specifically:
a1, determining that no CO exists in the smoke circulation process 2 Concentration;
wherein there is no CO in the flue gas circulation process 2 The formula for calculating the concentration is:
(0.105*A* CO 2 )/(0.79*A*N 2 +0.21*A*H 2 O+0.105*A*E)
in the formula, A is the original combustion air flow;
a2, based on CO in the process without flue gas circulation 2 The concentration and the oxygen-fuel ratio determine the current actual flue gas circulation amount after the flue gas circulation;
the current actual flue gas circulation volume calculation formula is as follows:
J=(0.10*H* CO 2 +G*I)/(0.79*H*N 2 +0.21*H*H 2 O+0.105*H* CO 2 ）
in the formula, J is the current actual flue gas circulation amount;
h is the original combustion air flow;
g is the circulating flue gas flow during circulating the flue gas;
i is actually measured CO in the circulating flue gas after the flue gas is circulated 2 The concentration of (c).
In the step S2, in the process of starting the variable-frequency circulating flue gas fan, the circulating flue gas fan is set to be at a basic opening degree so as to avoid starting the fan to carry out a resonance region; when a variable-frequency flue gas fan is started to circulate flue gas, the circulation volume of the flue gas is stabilized to 16-18%, and the temperature is controlled to be 150-200 ℃. Specifically, the circulation volume is gradually increased from 1%, oxygen is gradually added to keep the combustor always kept under the limit combustion-supporting gas oxygen content, specific flue gas circulation volume data are calculated according to the actual flame condition of the combustor, the normal flame working state can still be kept when the conventional combustor combustion-supporting gas oxygen content is 18-19%, but the specially designed combustor can normally work under the lower combustion-supporting gas oxygen content, the limit combustion-supporting gas oxygen content of the combustor is captured firstly, so that the oxygen content of the system capable of normally running is set, and the safety and the stability of the system are ensured.
According to the current research, NOx is mainly influenced by temperature, flame temperature simulation under different combustion-supporting gas components is carried out by adopting fluent due to the fact that flame cannot be monitored, temperature parameters are very critical mainly in consideration of the fact that high-temperature heat radiation is needed in a high-temperature section in the combustion process, an NOx curve of a combustor is influenced by various factors, and a parameter correction experiment is carried out on a real combustor as a basic physical model, so that a curve of circulation quantity and NOx reduction is obtained. The material proportion in the combustor is controlled according to combustion software, the combustion stability is guaranteed, and the NOX and the flame temperature are controlled through a combustion model. Therefore, in step S4, the method for adjusting the oxygen addition amount is:
and establishing a NOx generation curve according to the generation relation between the adiabatic flame temperature and NOx in the combustor, and correcting the oxygen addition amount based on a matlab BP model according to the actually measured NOx generation result to realize the adjustment of the oxygen addition amount.
Based on the current actual flue gas circulation amount calculated in the step S1, the current oxygen addition demand amount and the air adjustment amount can be obtained, wherein the air reduction amount is 0.79G, the oxygen addition amount is 0.21G, the flow of the combustion-supporting gas is kept unchanged, and the oxygen concentration therein is kept unchanged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method does not need to greatly reform the existing equipment, and compared with the traditional scheme of replacing the burner to reduce NOx, the method has the advantages that the NOx reduction process can be steplessly adjusted, on one hand, the stability of the combustion process can be ensured, on the other hand, the cost required by reducing 1mgNOx can be accurately controlled, on the other hand, a certain production efficiency can be improved, the oxygen combustion ratio can be adjusted, and the method provides periodic extra capacity for enterprises with seasonal and periodic production;
(2) On the premise of not changing combustion equipment, the uniformity of combustion temperature is improved, the combustion process is accurately controlled, and compared with the traditional process, the temperature control, the efficiency control and the NOx concentration control in the flue gas are realized;
(3) The technology that the oxygen adding circulating combustion of the reheating furnace is adopted to reduce the NOx emission concentration in the tail gas can be adopted for the large-sized or small-sized heating furnace for transformation; as is known, the larger or smaller the combustion equipment is, the more difficult the reduction of the concentration of NOx in the flue gas is, but the technology for reducing the concentration of NOx discharged in the tail gas by the oxygen-adding circulating combustion of the reheating furnace can be realized in lower modification cost and shorter modification period for large-scale combustion equipment and small-scale combustion equipment, and the simultaneous reduction of the discharge amount is realized while the concentration of NOx is reduced;
(4) The technology for reducing the NOx emission concentration in the tail gas through the oxygen adding circulating combustion of the reheating furnace can realize the reduction of NOx emission with lower modification cost, can realize different control parameters by controlling the oxygen adding amount, and can meet the emission requirements of different stages.

Claims (5)

1. A method of reducing NOx emissions by oxy-cycle combustion, comprising the steps of:
s1 according to CO 2 Acquiring concentration data by an infrared online analyzer, and determining the current actual flue gas circulation volume;
s2, uniformly starting a variable-frequency circulating flue gas fan based on the current actual flue gas circulation quantity, so that flue gas is extracted from an outlet of a flue gas heat exchanger for circulation;
s3, starting oxygen injection, and enabling combustion-supporting gas formed by oxygen, air and circulating flue gas to enter a combustor through a combustion-supporting fan;
s4, in the process that the combustion-supporting gas enters the combustor, acquiring a data monitoring result of oxygen content through an oxygen content online analyzer, and adjusting the oxygen adding amount;
s5, when the oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas is reduced to the limit oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas, starting an oxygen regulating system, increasing the oxygen content of the combustion-supporting gas entering the combustor by 0.5%, and uniformly closing a combustion-supporting fan;
s6, repeating the steps S3-S5, and gradually adding oxygen into the combustor to enable the oxygen concentration in the combustion-supporting gas to be unchanged so as to reduce NOx emission;
the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s11, pairCO 2 Analyzing the concentration data acquired by the infrared online analyzer, and calculating the oxygen-fuel ratio;
s12, according to actually measured CO in the flue gas at the outlet of the kiln 2 The content and the oxygen-fuel ratio, and the current actual flue gas circulation quantity is calculated;
in the step S2, when the variable frequency flue gas fan is started to circulate the flue gas, the circulation quantity of the flue gas is stabilized at 16-18%, and the temperature is controlled at 150-200 ℃.
2. The method for reducing NOx emissions through oxycirculation combustion according to claim 1, wherein in step S11, the analyzed data comprise CO in flue gas from a kiln 2 Concentration and CO in flue gas at outlet of heat exchanger 2 Concentration, CH in heat exchanger outlet flue gas 4 Concentration, CO concentration in flue gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger, flow rate of flue gas dilution cold air and temperature of the flue gas dilution cold air.
3. The method for reducing NOx emissions by oxy-cycle combustion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said step S12 is embodied as:
a1, determining that no CO exists in the smoke circulation process 2 Concentration;
a2, based on CO in the process without flue gas circulation 2 Concentration and oxygen-fuel ratio, and determining the current actual flue gas circulation amount after flue gas circulation.
4. The method for reducing NOx emissions through oxygen cycle combustion as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the method for adjusting the oxygen addition amount is:
and establishing a NOx generation curve according to the generation relation between the adiabatic flame temperature and NOx in the combustor, and correcting the oxygen addition amount based on a matlab BP model according to the actually measured NOx generation result to realize the adjustment of the oxygen addition amount.
5. The method for reducing NOx emissions by oxy-cycle combustion as claimed in claim 4, wherein in said step S4, the oxygen addition is 0.21g.
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JPH0395305A (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-04-19 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Controlling method for boiler discharged gas mixing device
CN101761915B (en) * 2009-12-11 2012-07-18 华北电力大学（保定） Combined cycle generation system of high-pressure oxygen-enriched combustion fluidized bed
CH703218A1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2011-11-30 Alstom Technology Ltd Method of operating a combined cycle with flue gas recirculation and power plant.
CN102374525A (en) * 2010-08-12 2012-03-14 上海尚实能源科技有限公司 Oxygen-supplementation-type fume gas circulation combustion device
CN105042630B (en) * 2015-07-27 2017-10-17 中国神华能源股份有限公司 Oxygen-enriched combustion system oxygen supply control device and method
CN106545846A (en) * 2015-09-17 2017-03-29 鞍钢股份有限公司 A kind of low NO of heating furnacexFlue gas recirculation oxygen-enriched burning device and method

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