CN101876449A - Method of controlling oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace - Google Patents
Method of controlling oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101876449A CN101876449A CN2009102728012A CN200910272801A CN101876449A CN 101876449 A CN101876449 A CN 101876449A CN 2009102728012 A CN2009102728012 A CN 2009102728012A CN 200910272801 A CN200910272801 A CN 200910272801A CN 101876449 A CN101876449 A CN 101876449A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of controlling oxygen air-flowing environment in a heating furnace, which belongs to the field of metal smelting. the method comprises the steps of: computing waste oxygen errors and micro components to time according to a waste oxygen target value and actual waste oxygen of each segment in the heating furnace, outputting the waste oxygen errors and the micro components to time to a waste oxygen fuzzy controller; computing an air overflow rate compensating value of each segment according to output control amount to participate in the adjustment of air and fuel amount in each burning loop; and computing the air and fuel amount required to be added in each segment in the heating furnace according to the differences between the set air and fuel flow and the actual air and fuel flow. The invention has the advantages of obviously reducing control lag caused by the lag of oxygen detection, making technical personnel accurately know characteristics of the air-flowing environment in each segment in the heating furnace in real time as well as improving the control efficiency, and increasing the transparency and the controllability of the technique process of the heating furnace.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of controlling gas oxygen content in the heating furnace, particularly relate to a kind of control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace.
Background technology
Steel billet is the heating of different temperatures section in high-temperature heater, reaches the even temperature distribution according to technological requirement except making heated steel billet, and the proportioning of reasonably controlling air and fuel in heating process also is an important link.
The air capacity that participates in burning is described with coefficient of excess air μ usually.μ is the ratio of amount of actual air for combustion and theoretical air requirement.The value of μ is relevant with factors such as fuel type, burner form and burning conditions in actual production process.According to excess oxygen content in the combustion product what, can divide into strong oxidizing atmosphere and weak oxide atmosphere.The former excess oxygen content is 8～10%; Latter's excess oxygen content is 2～5%.
When μ greater than 1.10 the time, residual air capacity is too high in the stove, can produce a large amount of iron scales at billet surface, aggravate scaling loss.Excessive flue gas causes a large amount of heat energy to run off in discharge process simultaneously.In addition, in combustion process, the nitrogen oxide such as nitrogen dioxide NO2, nitric oxide NO that excessive oxygen and 2 reactions of airborne nitrogen N generate will cause environmental pollution with fume emission.Suck too much nitrogen oxide and can cause people's nerve, skin damage.The air capacity that adds is crossed at least and can be made non-complete combustion of fuel again, produces black smoke dirt, generates free charcoal and carbon monoxide CO gas etc., contaminated air.
The oxygen content of each section in the control stove, with the excess air of minimum reach fuel abundant burning, be that low oxygen combustion can effectively reduce exhaust gas volumn, reduce fuel consumption.Simultaneously, low oxygen combustion can also reduce the generation of nitrogen oxide and harmful substances such as black smoke, carbon monoxide CO.Therefore, science, accurately air-fuel ratio being set, is to reach best combustion control, improves the steel heating quality, reduces atmosphere pollution, the important means of improving the ecological environment.
At present, in smelting and heating thermal technology industry control procedure, all adopt near the downward-flow flue stove tail preheating section after gas oxygen content analyzer of installation on furnace wall or the walling of flue, according to the combustion air amount of revising in the oxygen amount data of this detection in the stove.This control method can be controlled the air total amount of adding to a certain extent.But this side can't accurately control the air capacity that each stove section participates in burning, might cause different stove section oxygen-excess combustions and the simultaneous situation of oxygen debt burning in the stove.In addition, this kind oxygen amount detects and has bigger hysteresis; Simultaneously, also there is very big time stickiness in conventional control method, can't in time reconcile the air addition of each section in the heating furnace.
Summary of the invention
Because the control method that adopts can only be controlled the air total amount in the heating furnace at present, and the air capacity that can't accurately regulate this section participation burning at the residual oxygen content of each stove section, and the oxygen amount detects and has bigger hysteresis, might cause interior different stove section oxygen-excess combustions of stove and oxygen debt burning to exist simultaneously, thereby also diminish the heating quality of steel.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace.Described technical scheme is as follows:
The control method of a kind of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Steps A: set up each section remaining oxygen control model and remaining oxygen desired value in the heating furnace, detect the actual remaining oxygen of each section in the heating furnace simultaneously;
Actual remaining oxygen by each section in each section remaining oxygen desired value in the described heating furnace and the described heating furnace calculates remaining oxygen deviation and time differential amount thereof, and with its input remaining oxygen fuzzy controller;
Utilization calculates each section excess air ratio compensating value from the controlled quentity controlled variable of described remaining oxygen fuzzy controller output;
Step B: detect the furnace temperature and the furnace pressure of each section in the described heating furnace, calculate the setting air flow under described furnace temperature and furnace pressure condition and set fuel flow rate;
Detect the actual air flow and the natural fuel flow of each section in the described heating furnace;
Setting air flow and actual air flow compared obtain difference, will set fuel flow rate and the natural fuel flow compares, obtain difference;
Step C: calculate air mass flow and the fuel flow rate that needs inject each section in the heating furnace according to the difference of described setting air flow and actual air flow, the difference of setting fuel flow rate and natural fuel flow and described each section excess air ratio compensating value.
The control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace of the present invention, in described steps A, described remaining oxygen fuzzy controller is controlled the fuzzy control rule that model is set up remaining oxygen and excess air ratio according to each section remaining oxygen in the heating furnace, and obtains fuzzy control table by described fuzzy control rule being optimized the back.
The control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace of the present invention in described step C, is utilized described each section excess air ratio compensating value to regulate the air-fuel ratio of each section of heating furnace, and then is calculated air mass flow and the fuel flow rate that needs to inject each section of heating furnace.
The control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace of the present invention, described method also comprises step D: total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller in the heating furnace is set, detect the total remaining oxygen of flue gas and the pace of change thereof of heating-furnace tail, it is imported described total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller, through calculating total excess air ratio compensating value in the output heating furnace, the interior total remaining oxygen of total excess air ratio compensating value and heating furnace is controlled the amplitude limit value that model obtains described each section of heating furnace excess air ratio compensating value in the described heating furnace of foundation, and described amplitude limit value is input to the remaining oxygen fuzzy controller of each section of heating furnace as its input constraint.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is: owing to set up oxygen amount control model in the stove, thereby the quantitative relationship of accurate different residual oxygen contents of stove section flue gas and excess air ratio.Simultaneously, adopt excess air ratio to be regulated and to improve the control hysteresis that the hysteresis that detects because of the oxygen amount brings significantly about the two-dimensional fuzzy controller of oxygen amount deviation and pace of change thereof.
Each stove section all is provided with independently oxygen amount fuzzy controller, and the excess air ratio compensating value that makes the output of this controller participates in each spontaneous combustion loop the adjusting to air capacity and fuel quantity, when having improved control efficiency, also make the technologist can understand the character of each stove section furnace atmosphere in real time, exactly, increased the transparency and the controllability of heating furnace technology process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flowchart of single stove section in the control method of the oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the general flow chart of the control method remaining oxygen fuzzy control part of the oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace that provides of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the control method flow chart of the oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace that provides of the embodiment of the invention.
The specific embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
This method mainly comprises following 4 steps:
Referring to Fig. 1 and shown in Figure 3:
Step 101: at first,, set up remaining oxygen control model 1 in the stove according to oxygen amount control aim curve and each stove section excess air ratio in the process characteristic of heating furnace 11 each stove section, the stove.
Simultaneously, atmosphere sampling in 4 pairs of heating furnaces 11 of oxygen analyzer is set respectively, and detects residual oxygen content value wherein in each stove section such as preheating section, bringing-up section and soaking zone of heating furnace 11.
Control system calculates oxygen amount deviation e (t) according to the remaining oxygen desired value SV in the remaining oxygen control model 1 in the stove with by the actual detected value PV of oxygen analyzer 4, and time differential e ' (t) to obtain oxygen amount deviation e (t) through differentiator 2 through de/dt.The differential e ' of oxygen amount deviation (t) has reflected deviate trend or pace of change over time.
The remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 3 of a two dimension is set for each stove section of heating furnace in control system, the differential value e ' of oxygen amount deviation e (t) and oxygen amount deviation (t) is imported in this fuzzy controller 3.The output controlled quentity controlled variable of remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 3 is u (t).In remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 3, set up following fuzzy set: { NB, NM, NS, O, PS, PM, PB} for deviation variable quantity e ' and controlled quentity controlled variable u.For improving stable state accuracy is that oxygen amount deviation e sets up following fuzzy set: { NB, NM, NS, NO, PO, PS, PM, PB}.
Set up the fuzzy control rule of remaining oxygen and excess air ratio according to remaining oxygen control model 1 in the heating furnace.After control law optimization, obtain fuzzy control table.Remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 3 is according to oxygen amount deviation and this deviation pace of change of input, fuzzy control rule output controlled quentity controlled variable u (t) by above foundation arrives excess air ratio adjuster 5, and utilizes this excess air ratio adjuster 5 to calculate the excess air ratio compensating value of this section in the heating furnace.
Step 102: next step, detect in the heating furnace 11 every section furnace temperature and furnace pressure, calculate the air mass flow under described furnace temperature and furnace pressure condition, set and the fuel flow rate of setting by higher level's adjuster 6.
Can produce great changes because air mass flow changes with furnace pressure and flue-gas temperature, therefore method of the present invention has also considered air mass flow is carried out the factor of pressure and temperature compensation simultaneously in the process that burning loop air-fuel ratio is revised.
Simultaneously, detect the actual air flow and the natural fuel flow of described heating furnace 11 each sections, the air mass flow of setting and actual air flow compare the difference of obtaining air mass flow; Fuel flow rate and the natural fuel flow set are compared, obtain the difference of fuel flow rate.
Step 103: again next step, according to the air mass flow of setting and the difference of actual air flow, fuel flow rate and the difference of natural fuel flow and the air mass flow and the fuel flow rate that each section excess air ratio compensating value calculates each section of needs injection heating furnace of setting.
In this step, the air mass flow and the difference of setting of actual air flow imported the air regulator 7 of this section, carry out by actuator 9 then and inject the air mass flow that these sections need injection; Equally, the difference of the fuel flow rate set and natural fuel flow is imported the governor 8 of this section, carry out by actuator 10 then and inject these sections and need the fuel flow rate that injects.
In order to realize the factor of pressure and temperature compensation, to feed back to the burning loop respectively by the excess air ratio compensating value and revise air-fuel ratio, the air mass flow of setting and the difference of actual air flow and excess air ratio compensating value input computing module 12, obtain the inverse of air-fuel ratio, then this result is imported computing module 14, after treatment its result is imported the governor 8 of this section.Equally, the difference of the fuel flow rate of setting and natural fuel flow and excess air ratio compensating value input computing module 13 are obtained air-fuel ratio, then this result are imported computing module 15, after treatment its result are imported the air regulator 7 of this section.Its result is intersected control air regulator 7 and governor 8, regulates to realize cross limiting range.
In addition, method of the present invention can also total remaining oxygen control.
Referring to shown in Figure 2:
Because the heating inner flue gas of the stove is to be flowed by tapping side direction preheating section, can construct total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 16 in the stove in control system simultaneously.At stove tail walling of flue the total residual oxygen content that the oxygen analysis instrument is used to detect discharging flue gas in the stove is set.This fuzzy controller 16 is an input quantity with total residual oxygen content of the detected flue gas of stove tail oxygen analysis instrument and pace of change thereof, as calculated total excess air ratio compensating value in the output furnace.On this basis, calculate the excess air ratio revisal amplitude limit value of each stove section according to total excess air ratio compensating value in total remaining oxygen model in the heating furnace and the heating furnace that obtains, and these amplitude limit value are delivered to each stove section remaining oxygen fuzzy controller 17 as its output constraint, increased the stability that system regulates effectively.
Because detecting, the oxygen content of existing furnace atmosphere has very big hysteresis, conventional method is to become its equivalence a time lag link of being made up of pure lag system and one one interim link to carry out lag compensation to control, but because the equivalent model parameter that participates in control is more different because of the difference of concrete controlled device exists, so also instability of control effect.In the present invention, we have designed the oxygen content fuzzy controller of heating furnace two dimension, according to the deviate of remaining oxygen in the stove and the pace of change of this deviate, regulate the excess air ratio of this stove section.And thereby the computing module that the correction value of excess air ratio feedovers to combustion control loop is reached the effect of regulating the combustion air amount by feedforward path.
Above-mentioned design is adopted about the two-dimensional fuzzy controller of oxygen amount deviation and pace of change thereof excess air ratio to be regulated and can be improved the control hysteresis that the hysteresis that detects because of the oxygen amount brings significantly.Each stove section all is provided with independently oxygen amount fuzzy controller, and the excess air ratio compensating value that makes the output of this controller participates in each spontaneous combustion loop the adjusting to air capacity and fuel quantity, when having improved control efficiency, also make the technologist can understand the character of each stove section furnace atmosphere in real time, accurately, increased the transparency and the controllability of heating furnace technology process.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the control method of an oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace is characterized in that, described method comprises the following steps:
Steps A: set up each section remaining oxygen control model and remaining oxygen desired value in the heating furnace, detect the actual remaining oxygen of each section in the heating furnace simultaneously;
Actual remaining oxygen by each section in each section remaining oxygen desired value in the described heating furnace and the described heating furnace calculates remaining oxygen deviation and time differential amount thereof, and with its input remaining oxygen fuzzy controller;
Utilization calculates each section excess air ratio compensating value from the controlled quentity controlled variable of described remaining oxygen fuzzy controller output;
Step B: detect the furnace temperature and the furnace pressure of each section in the described heating furnace, calculate the setting air flow under described furnace temperature and furnace pressure condition and set fuel flow rate;
Detect the actual air flow and the natural fuel flow of each section in the described heating furnace;
Setting air flow and actual air flow compared obtain difference, will set fuel flow rate and the natural fuel flow compares, obtain difference;
Step C: calculate air mass flow and the fuel flow rate that needs inject each section in the heating furnace according to the difference of described setting air flow and actual air flow, the difference of setting fuel flow rate and natural fuel flow and described each section excess air ratio compensating value.
2. the control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described steps A, described remaining oxygen fuzzy controller is controlled the fuzzy control rule that model is set up remaining oxygen and excess air ratio according to each section remaining oxygen in the heating furnace, and obtains fuzzy control table by described fuzzy control rule being optimized the back.
3. the control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step C, utilize described each section excess air ratio compensating value to regulate the air-fuel ratio of each section of heating furnace, and then calculate air mass flow and the fuel flow rate that needs to inject each section of heating furnace.
4. the control method of oxygen air-flowing environment in heating furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises
Step D: total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller in the heating furnace is set, detect the total remaining oxygen of flue gas and the pace of change thereof of heating-furnace tail, it is imported described total remaining oxygen fuzzy controller, through calculating total excess air ratio compensating value in the output heating furnace, the interior total remaining oxygen of total excess air ratio compensating value and heating furnace is controlled the amplitude limit value that model obtains described each section of heating furnace excess air ratio compensating value in the described heating furnace of foundation, and described amplitude limit value is input to the remaining oxygen fuzzy controller of each section of heating furnace as its input constraint.
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| CN103063806B (en) * | 2012-12-18 | 2015-02-25 | 秦皇岛首秦金属材料有限公司 | Method for detecting abnormity of remaining oxygen in thermal treatment furnace |
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Effective date of registration: 20170117 Address after: 430070 Hubei Province, Hongshan District, East Lake hi tech Zone, No. 16, No. Patentee after: Wuhan Steel Engineering Technology Group Communication Co., Ltd. Address before: 430080 Friendship Avenue, Hubei, Wuhan, No. 999 Patentee before: Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corp. |
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| CP03 | Change of name, title or address | ||
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: 430084 floor 15-22, building 4, Wuhan International Steel Logistics Service Center (Ganggu), Qingshan Town, Qingshan District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province Patentee after: Baoxin software (Wuhan) Co., Ltd Address before: 430070 Hubei Province, Hongshan District, East Lake hi tech Zone, No. 16, No. Patentee before: Wuhan Steel Engineering Technology Group Communication Co., Ltd. |