CN111349473A - Coal gasification furnace of circulating fluidized bed - Google Patents
Coal gasification furnace of circulating fluidized bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN111349473A CN111349473A CN201811584292.2A CN201811584292A CN111349473A CN 111349473 A CN111349473 A CN 111349473A CN 201811584292 A CN201811584292 A CN 201811584292A CN 111349473 A CN111349473 A CN 111349473A
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
- C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/721—Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace, which comprises a gasification furnace, a cyclone separator and a feeding machine connected with the gasification furnace, wherein a crude coal gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with the cyclone separator. The invention provides the circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace which can not generate counter flow in the circulating process, has high gas outlet efficiency, and can realize automatic circulation by discharging gas in batches according to the coal quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of clean and efficient utilization of coal, in particular to a circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace.
Background
The energy structure of China is rich in coal, less in oil and short of gas. The coal resources in China are rich, the yield is huge, and the coal accounts for 70% of the total energy consumption in China; however, the direct combustion of coal causes serious environmental pollution, and has great influence on national economic sustainable development and people's life. Nowadays, coal gasification technology is receiving more and more attention, and coal can be converted into cleaner gas for utilization through the gasification technology. The coal gasification technology is one of the core technologies for high-efficiency and clean utilization of coal, and specifically refers to a process of reacting coal with a gasification medium in a gasification furnace to prepare raw gas, and then dedusting, desulfurizing and purifying the raw gas to obtain clean gas. The gas flow led out from the top of the gasification furnace mainly comprises gas mixture products and carbon-containing solid particles containing coal and ash, more than 90% of the particles are collected after passing through the cyclone separator and are returned to a hearth through a return pipe, and internal circulation of the materials is formed in the fluidized bed gasification furnace. Therefore, a plurality of patents related to a coal gasification furnace of a circulating fluidized bed are designed, for example, Chinese patent with publication number CN203513612U, and a large-scale circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is disclosed, which is characterized in that a material returning device is arranged at the bottom of a cyclone separator, the outlet of the material returning device is connected with the side wall of a dense-phase chamber, and the bottom of the dense-phase chamber is sequentially provided with an air distribution plate and a pressure equalizing chamber.
The disadvantages of the patent are that: (1) the material returning device is directly connected with the dense-phase chamber, and the dense-phase chamber is in a high-temperature environment, so that carbon-containing solid particles cannot enter the dense-phase chamber, and even the situation that the material returning device is blocked by the carbon-containing solid particles in a countercurrent manner can occur; (2) the carbonaceous solid particles and the raw coal are directly mixed and then undergo gasification reaction, so that the quality and effect of the gas are influenced; (3) the carbon-containing solid particles contain solid impurities without actual gasification effect, and the efficiency and the quality of the gas are seriously influenced by the continuous circulation of the part of the carbon-containing solid particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems of the prior art that the carbon-containing solid particles can generate counter flow, the gasification efficiency and the quality are poor, and the like, and provides the circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace which can not generate counter flow in the circulating process, has high gasification efficiency, gasifies in batches according to the coal quality and realizes automatic circulation.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: a coal gasification furnace of a circulating fluidized bed comprises a gasification furnace, a cyclone separator and a feeding machine connected with the gasification furnace, wherein a crude coal gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with the cyclone separator, and the coal gasification furnace is characterized in that an air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace, the cyclone separator is connected with a material returning box through a down pipe, the material returning box comprises a material discharging outlet and a feeding outlet connected with the feeding machine, a feeding control valve in a normally closed state is arranged at the feeding outlet, a material discharging control valve in a normally closed state is arranged at the material discharging outlet, a concentration detection module for detecting the concentration of coal gas is arranged at the coal gas outlet of the cyclone separator, a capacity detection module for detecting the capacity of solid coal particles in the material returning box is arranged in the material returning box, and the feeding machine, the concentration detection module, the feeding control valve, the concentration detection module and the feeding control valve are all connected with, The discharge control valve and the capacity detection module are respectively connected with a control module provided with a lower limit value of the gas concentration. Preheating a gasification furnace, when the temperature of the gasification furnace reaches about 600 ℃, a gasification medium firstly enters the gasification furnace through an air distribution plate, so that quartz sand in the gasification furnace enters a fluidized state, then crushing dried raw coal, conveying the crushed raw coal to the gasification furnace through a feeding machine, quickly mixing the crushed raw coal with the gasification medium and the quartz sand, reacting C in coal with oxygen after mixing to generate a large amount of heat, promoting the C to continuously react with water vapor, controlling the reaction temperature to be 900-1000 ℃, enabling reaction gas to continuously rise, then leaving the gasification furnace through a crude gas outlet, entering a cyclone separator, and carrying out gas-solid separation on the reaction gas by the cyclone separator, wherein important components of the gas generated by gasification are CO and H2、CO2、H2S、CH4、N2、H2O, the carbon-containing solid particles refer to carbon-containing solid particles containing semicoke, ash and quartz sand, the separated gas is discharged from a gas outlet for further treatment, the separated carbon-containing solid particles are conveyed into a return box through a descending pipe, and a capacity detection module in the return box detects that the carbon-containing solid particles are in a state of being separated from the gas outletWhen the carbon-containing solid particles in the return box exceed the critical storage value, the capacity detection module sends a signal to the control module, the control module controls the feeding machine to stop feeding the raw coal, or the control module is manually used to stop feeding the raw coal, the control module controls to open the feeding control valve and return the carbon-containing solid particles in the return box to the reaction furnace, so that the semicoke of the carbon-containing solid particles contacts the gasification medium again for multiple reactions, the carbon conversion rate is improved, the carbon content in the ash is reduced, the concentration detection module is used to continuously detect the coal gas concentration at the coal gas outlet and send the detection data to the control module, when the detected coal gas concentration is lower than the coal gas concentration set in the control module, the control module closes the feeding control valve and opens the discharging control valve to discharge the ash which is used for multiple times, and because the gasification efficiency of the raw coal and the semicoke is different from the gas quality, the subsequent treatment processes of the crude gas generated by the gasification reaction of the raw coal and the crude gas generated by the gasification reaction of the semicoke are also different, so that the raw coal and the semicoke are gasified separately, the high-quality crude gas generated by the gasification reaction of the raw coal and the low-quality crude gas generated by the reaction of the semicoke are separately utilized, the quality of the gas is improved, in the process of gasifying the carbon-containing solid particles, the concentration detection module is used for continuously detecting the gas concentration at the gas outlet and sending the detection data to the control module, when the detected gas concentration is lower than the lower limit value of the gas concentration set in the control module, the carbon-containing solid particles are discharged as ash, the gas outlet detects the gas concentration and transmits the gas concentration to the control module, so that the gas production of each time period of coal can be counted, the air distribution plate is densely provided with vent holes, and the air distribution plate is abutted against the gasification furnace.
Preferably, the gasification furnace comprises a reaction furnace and an aeration furnace, an ash outlet is arranged below the aeration furnace, the reaction furnace is divided into a main reaction furnace and an auxiliary reaction furnace which are arranged on the left and right through a reaction partition plate, the main reaction furnace is connected with the auxiliary reaction furnace through a main reaction vent hole arranged on the reaction partition plate, the main reaction vent hole is arranged at one end, far away from the aeration furnace, of the reaction partition plate, the bottom of the main reaction furnace is connected with the aeration furnace, the air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the aeration furnace, the crude gas outlet is arranged at the other side, connected with the main reaction furnace, of the auxiliary reaction furnace, and a perspective window is arranged on the aeration furnace. The gasification medium enters the gasification furnace through the air distribution plate, so that quartz sand in the gasification furnace enters a vulcanization state, the dried raw coal is crushed and then conveyed to the gasification furnace through the feeding machine, and is rapidly mixed with the gasification medium and the quartz sand, and fully reacts in a high-temperature environment of the gasification furnace, the gasification medium continuously enters the gasification furnace through the air distribution plate, so that the mixed reaction gas continuously enters the secondary reaction furnace from the main reaction furnace through the main reaction through hole due to air pressure difference, and finally enters the cyclone separator through the raw coal gas outlet, the cyclone separator performs gas-solid separation on the reaction gas, and the main reaction furnace and the secondary reaction furnace are arranged to increase the reaction time of the coal and the medium in the reaction furnace, so that the reaction effect between the coal and the medium is enhanced, and the gas yield is improved. The ventilation furnace is provided with the perspective window, so that an operator can fully know the impurity condition in the gasification furnace, and the impurities in the gasification furnace can be cleaned conveniently.
Preferably, the side reaction furnace is divided into a first side reaction furnace and a second side reaction furnace which are arranged on the left and right sides by a side reaction partition plate, the first side reaction furnace and the second side reaction furnace are connected through a side reaction vent hole arranged at the bottom of the side reaction partition plate, the raw gas outlet is arranged at the other side of the second side reaction furnace connected with the first side reaction furnace, and the side reaction vent hole and the raw gas vent hole are arranged in a staggered manner. The gasification medium enters the gasification furnace through the air distribution plate, so that quartz sand in the gasification furnace enters a fluidized state, the dried raw coal is conveyed to the gasification furnace through the feeding machine after being crushed, and is rapidly mixed with the gasification medium and the quartz sand, and the raw coal is fully reacted in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the gasification furnace, because the air distribution plate is continuously ventilated, the mixed reaction gas continuously enters the first secondary reaction furnace from the main reaction furnace through the main reaction through hole due to air pressure difference, then enters the second secondary reaction furnace from the first secondary reaction furnace through the secondary reaction through hole, and finally enters the cyclone separator through the crude gas outlet, the cyclone separator performs gas-solid separation on the reaction gas, and the secondary reaction furnace is divided into the first secondary reaction furnace and the second secondary reaction furnace, so that the reaction time of the coal and the medium in the reaction furnace is prolonged, and the reaction effect between the coal and the medium is enhanced, the gas yield is improved, the first secondary reaction furnace and the second secondary reaction furnace are connected through a secondary reaction vent hole arranged at the bottom of the reaction partition plate, the secondary reaction vent hole and the crude gas outlet are arranged in a staggered mode, so that crude gas flows downwards after the first secondary reaction furnace, then flows to the second secondary reaction furnace through the secondary reaction vent hole, and finally flows upwards to flow to the cyclone separator through the crude gas outlet, so that reaction gas continuously flows up and down in the reaction furnace to form baffling and increase reaction time.
Preferably, the height of the side reaction partition plate is 1/2-3/5 of the height of the side reaction furnace. The height of the side reaction partition plates, which accounts for 1/2-3/5 of the height of the side reaction furnace, is used for leaving enough space for side reaction vent holes, so that the situation that reaction gas flows difficultly from the first side reaction furnace to the second side reaction furnace is avoided.
Preferably, the ventilation furnace and the secondary reaction furnace are connected through a slag discharging through hole, the slag discharging through hole is formed in one end, connected with the ventilation furnace, of the reaction furnace, a slag discharging plate matched with the slag discharging through hole is arranged at the position of the slag discharging through hole, the slag discharging plate is rotatably connected with the reaction partition plate, and the slag discharging plate is connected with the control module through a slag discharging plate rotating mechanism. When the coal cinder or other impurities in the gasification furnace or the side reaction furnace need to be cleaned, the control module controls the slag unloading plate rotating mechanism to enable the slag unloading plate to rotate downwards, the slag unloading vent hole between the side reaction furnace and the ventilation furnace is opened, the coal cinder or other impurities in the side reaction furnace enter the ventilation furnace through the slag unloading through hole and then are discharged through the ash discharging hole, and thus the coal cinder and other impurities in the side reaction furnace can be prevented from being accumulated.
As preferred, the returning charge case be equipped with the heat sink outward, the heat sink be the water-cooled tube, the water-cooled tube evenly twine outside the returning charge case, the water-cooled tube be the aluminum alloy material, water-cooled tube one end link to each other with the water source, the other end with the air distribution plate communicate with each other, the water-cooled tube be close to air distribution plate one end be equipped with steam nozzle, the water-cooled tube be close to steam nozzle one end be equipped with the flow control valve that is used for controlling steam flow, the water-cooled tube on be equipped with the relief valve. The water-cooled tube leads to the cooling of back feed box after the water for temperature in the back feed box reduces rapidly, avoids returning the carbonaceous solid particle in the feed box and continues the reaction, the back feed box is to the water in the water-cooled tube, provides vapor for the reacting furnace through steam jet after the gasification reaction, the unnecessary vapor of discharge is opened to the relief valve when water-cooled tube internal gas pressure is too big, makes and to carry out reuse to vapor when cooling back feed box, has realized the reuse of water, the water-cooled tube be the effect of aluminum alloy material because the heat conductivity of aluminum alloy is better can fully absorb the heat of back feed box like this, for the back feed box cools down rapidly, the water-cooled tube on be equipped with the size that is the flow control valve that is used for controlling steam flow can control the water-cooled tube like this and provide vapor volume for the reacting furnace.
Preferably, the main reaction/gasification space occupies 1/2 of the gasification space, and the first sub-reaction/gasification space occupies 1/2 of the sub-reaction/gasification space.
Preferably, the capacity detection module is an infrared receiving and sending device, and the discharge outlet is connected with the waste bin. The capacity detection module send out the effect of device for the infrared ray and cover the infrared ray and send out the back when the carbonaceous solid particle of return case, the infrared ray send out the infrared ray and just can not receive the infrared ray of reflection after sending out, shows this moment that the carbonaceous solid particle in the return case has reached the upper limit value, just so can handle the carbonaceous solid particle in the return case, the effect that row material export and waste case link to each other be when carbonaceous solid particle can not reach corresponding gas production rate, just can directly arrange to the waste case through arranging the material export to centralized processing.
Preferably, the particle size of the crushed raw coal is controlled to be 10mm or less. The particle size of the crushed raw coal is controlled to be less than 10mm, so that the phenomenon that when the raw coal is too large, sufficient reaction cannot be obtained in a reaction furnace, and the gas forming rate and the conversion effect are reduced is avoided.
The invention also provides a control method of the circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace, which comprises the following steps:
a. preheating a gasification furnace, when the temperature of the gasification furnace reaches about 600 ℃, enabling a gasification medium to enter the gasification furnace from an air distribution plate, enabling quartz sand in the gasification furnace to enter a fluidized state, crushing dried raw coal, conveying the crushed raw coal to the gasification furnace from a feeding machine, and quickly mixing the crushed raw coal with the gasification medium and the quartz sand;
b. c in the coal after mixing reacts with oxygen to generate a large amount of heat, so that C and steam continue to react, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 900-1000 ℃, the reaction gas continuously rises and then leaves the gasification furnace through a crude gas outlet and enters a cyclone separator, the cyclone separator performs gas-solid separation on the reaction gas, the separated gas is discharged from the gas outlet for further treatment, and the separated carbon-containing and carbon-containing solid particles are sent to a material returning box through a descending pipe;
c. when the capacity detection module in the return box detects that the carbon-containing solid particles in the return box exceed the critical storage value, the capacity detection module sends a signal to the control module, and the control module controls the feeder to stop conveying the raw coal or manually stops the feeder to supply the raw coal;
d. meanwhile, the control module controls to open the feeding control valve, and returns the carbon-containing solid particles in the return box to the reaction furnace through the feeder, so that the carbon-containing solid particles are contacted with the gasification medium again to carry out multiple reactions;
e. and the concentration detection module is used for continuously detecting the concentration of the coal gas at the coal gas outlet, detection data are sent to the control module, and when the detected concentration of the coal gas is lower than the concentration of the coal gas arranged in the control module, the control module closes the feeding control valve and opens the discharging control valve to discharge the carbon-containing solid particles which are repeatedly used.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace can not generate counter flow in the circulating process, has high gasification efficiency, and can realize automatic circulation by gasifying in batches according to the coal quality.
Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of reasonable structure, convenient use, high utilization rate and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a coal reaction of a gasification furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the gasifier of the present invention during ash removal;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circuit for supplying materials to a feeder by a return box according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a line for outward discharge of the material return bin of the present invention.
Description of part numbers in the figures: 1. the system comprises a cyclone separator, a feeder, a raw gas outlet, an air distribution plate, a downcomer, a return bin, a discharge outlet, a feed control valve, a discharge control valve, a gas outlet, a concentration detection module, a capacity detection module, a control module, a vent furnace, a dust outlet, a reaction partition plate, a main reaction furnace, a main reaction vent hole, a perspective window, a transparent window, a main reaction partition plate, a first auxiliary reaction furnace, a second auxiliary reaction furnace, a secondary reaction vent hole, a slag discharge through hole, a slag discharge plate rotating mechanism, a water cooling pipe, a water source, a steam nozzle, a flow control valve, a waste bin, a water outlet, a water supply.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
the coal gasification furnace of the circulating fluidized bed shown in the figures 1 to 4 comprises a gasification furnace, a cyclone separator 1 and a feeding machine 2 connected with the gasification furnace, wherein a crude gas outlet 3 of the gasification furnace is connected with the cyclone separator 1, and is characterized in that an air distribution plate 4 is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace, the cyclone separator 1 is connected with a material return box 6 through a descending pipe 5, the material return box 6 comprises a discharge outlet 7 and a feeding outlet 8 connected with the feeding machine 2, a feeding control valve 9 in a normally closed state is arranged at the feeding outlet 8, a discharge control valve 10 in a normally closed state is arranged at the discharge outlet 7, a concentration detection module 12 for detecting the concentration of coal gas is arranged at the coal gas outlet of the cyclone separator 1, a capacity detection module 13 for detecting the capacity of solid coal particles in the material return box 6 is arranged in the material return box 6, the feeder 2, the concentration detection module 12, the feeding control valve 9, the discharging control valve 10 and the capacity detection module 13 are respectively connected with a control module 14 provided with a coal gas concentration lower limit value. The gasification furnace comprises a reaction furnace and an aeration furnace 15, an ash outlet 16 is arranged below the aeration furnace 15, the reaction furnace is divided into a main reaction furnace 18 and an auxiliary reaction furnace which are arranged on the left and the right through a reaction partition plate 17, the main reaction furnace 18 and the auxiliary reaction furnace are connected through a main reaction vent hole 19 arranged on the reaction partition plate 17, the main reaction vent hole 19 is arranged at one end of the reaction partition plate 17 far away from the aeration furnace 15, the bottom of the main reaction furnace 18 is connected with the aeration furnace 15, the air distribution plate 4 is arranged at the bottom of the aeration furnace 15, the crude gas outlet 3 is arranged at the other side of the auxiliary reaction furnace connected with the main reaction furnace 18, and a perspective window 20 is arranged on the aeration furnace 15. The side reaction stove pass through side reaction baffle 21 will the side reaction stove separate for the first side reaction stove 22 and the second side reaction stove 23 that set up about, first side reaction stove 22 and second side reaction stove 23 through locating the side reaction air vent 24 of side reaction baffle 21 bottom link to each other, raw coal gas export 3 locate second side reaction stove and first side reaction stove 22 link to each other the opposite side, side reaction air vent 24 with the raw coal gas air vent set up by mistake. The height of the side reaction partition plate 21 accounts for 1/2-3/5 of the height of the side reaction furnace. The ventilating furnace 15 with the side reaction furnace between link to each other through unloading the sediment through-hole 25, unload sediment through-hole 25 locate the reacting furnace with ventilating furnace 15 link to each other one end, unload sediment through-hole 25 department be equipped with unload sediment board 26 that unloads sediment through-hole 25 adaptation, unload sediment board 26 with reaction baffle 17 rotate and link to each other, unload sediment board 26 through unloading sediment board slewing mechanism 27 and link to each other with control module 14. The material returning box be equipped with the heat sink outward, the heat sink be water-cooled tube 28, water-cooled tube 28 even winding be in the material returning box outside, water-cooled tube 28 be the aluminum alloy material, water-cooled tube 28 one end link to each other with water source 29, the other end with the air distribution plate communicate with each other, water-cooled tube 28 be close to air distribution plate one end be equipped with steam nozzle 30, water-cooled tube 28 be close to steam nozzle 30 one end be equipped with and be used for controlling steam flow's flow control valve 31, water-cooled tube 28 on be equipped with relief valve 32. The main reaction gasification volume occupies 1/2 of the gasification volume, and the first side reaction gasification volume occupies 1/2 of the side reaction gasification volume. The capacity detection module 13 is an infrared ray hair receiving device, and the discharge outlet 7 is connected with a waste box 33. The particle size of the crushed raw coal is controlled below 10 mm.
Preheating a gasification furnace, when the temperature of the gasification furnace reaches about 600 ℃, a gasification medium firstly enters the gasification furnace through an air distribution plate 4, so that quartz sand in the gasification furnace enters a fluidized state, then crushing dried raw coal, conveying the crushed raw coal to the gasification furnace through a feeding machine 2, quickly mixing the crushed raw coal with the gasification medium and the quartz sand, reacting C in coal with oxygen after mixing to generate a large amount of heat, promoting the C to continuously react with water vapor, controlling the reaction temperature to be 900-1000 ℃, enabling reaction gas to continuously rise, then leaving the gasification furnace through a crude gas outlet 3, entering a cyclone separator 1, and carrying out gas-solid separation on the reaction gas by the cyclone separator 1, wherein important components of the gas generated by gasification are CO and H2、CO2、H2S、CH4、N2、H2O, the carbon-containing solid particles refer to carbon-containing solid particles containing semicoke, ash and quartz sand, the separated gas is discharged from a gas outlet for further treatment, the separated carbon-containing solid particles are conveyed into the material returning box 6 through a descending pipe, and when the capacity detection module 13 in the material returning box 6 detects that the carbon-containing solid particles in the material returning box 6 exceed a critical storage value, the capacity detection moduleThe block 13 sends a signal to the control module 14, the control module 14 controls the feeder 2 to stop conveying raw coal, or the control module 14 is manually used to stop conveying raw coal by the feeder 2, meanwhile, the control module 14 controls to open the feeding control valve 9, carbon-containing solid particles in the material returning box 6 are sent back to the reaction furnace, so that the carbon-containing solid particles contact with gasification media again for multiple reactions, the carbon conversion rate is improved, the carbon content of ash is reduced, the concentration of coal gas at a coal gas outlet is continuously detected by the concentration detection module 12, detection data are continuously sent to the control module 14, when the detected concentration of coal gas is lower than that set in the discharging control module 14, the control module 14 closes the feeding control valve 9 and opens the feeding control valve 10, the carbon-containing solid particles which are repeatedly used are discharged, because the gasification efficiency of raw coal and semicoke is different from the quality of gas, the subsequent treatment processes of the crude gas generated by the gasification reaction of the raw coal and the crude gas generated by the gasification reaction of the semicoke are different, so that the raw coal and the semicoke are gasified separately, the high-quality crude gas generated by the gasification reaction of the raw coal and the low-quality crude gas generated by the reaction of the semicoke are utilized separately, the gas outlet quality of the raw coal is improved, in the process of gasifying the semi-coke, the concentration detection module 12 is used for continuously detecting the concentration of the coal gas at the coal gas outlet, the detection data is sent to the control module 14, when the detected gas concentration is lower than the lower limit value of the gas concentration set in the control module 14, the ash is discharged, the gas outlet detects the gas concentration and transmits the gas concentration to the control module 14, so that the gas production of each time period of coal can be counted, the air distribution plate 4 is densely provided with vent holes, and the air distribution plate 4 is abutted to the gasification furnace. The gasification medium enters the gasification furnace through the air distribution plate 4, so that quartz sand in the gasification furnace enters a vulcanization state, the dried raw coal is conveyed to the gasification furnace through the feeding machine 2 after being crushed, and is rapidly mixed with the gasification medium and the quartz sand, and the quartz sand fully reacts in a high-temperature environment of the gasification furnace, because the air distribution plate 4 continuously introduces gas, the mixed reaction gas continuously enters the first secondary reaction furnace 22 from the main reaction furnace 18 through the main reaction through hole due to air pressure difference, then enters the second secondary reaction furnace 23 from the first secondary reaction furnace 22 through the secondary reaction through hole, and finally the gas is introducedThe coarse coal gas outlet 3 leads to a cyclone separator 1, the cyclone separator 1 carries out gas-solid separation on the reaction gas, when a main reaction furnace 18 and an auxiliary reaction furnace are arranged, and the function of dividing the side reaction furnace into the first side reaction furnace 22 and the second side reaction furnace 23 is to increase the reaction time of coal and media in the reaction furnace, so as to enhance the reaction effect between coal and media and improve the gas yield, the first secondary reaction furnace 22 and the second secondary reaction furnace 23 are connected through a secondary reaction vent hole 24 arranged at the bottom of the reaction clapboard 17, the secondary reaction ventilation holes 24 are arranged in a staggered manner with respect to the raw gas outlet 3 in such a way that when the raw gas flows downwards behind the first secondary reactor 22, then flows to a second secondary reaction furnace 23 after passing through a secondary reaction vent hole 24, finally flows upwards to flow to a cyclone separator 1 through a crude gas outlet 3, this results in increased reaction time due to the baffle formed by the continuous upward and downward flow of the reaction gas in the reaction furnace. The height of the secondary reaction partition 21 occupying the height 1/2-3/5 of the secondary reaction furnace is used for leaving enough space for the secondary reaction vent 24, so that the situation that reaction gas flows from the first secondary reaction furnace 22 to the second secondary reaction furnace 23 and is difficult to move is avoided. When the coal cinder or other impurities in the gasification furnace need to be cleaned or the coal cinder or other impurities in the secondary reaction furnace are excessive, the control module 14 controls the slag unloading plate rotating mechanism 27 to enable the slag unloading plate 26 to rotate downwards, and the slag unloading vent hole between the secondary reaction furnace and the ventilation furnace 15 is opened, so that the coal cinder or other impurities in the secondary reaction furnace enter the ventilation furnace 15 through the slag unloading through hole 25 and then are discharged through the ash discharging hole, and the coal cinder and other impurities in the secondary reaction furnace can be prevented from being accumulated. Water-cooled tube 28 leads to the back to the feed back case cooling of water-cooling, make the temperature in the feed back case reduce rapidly, avoid returning the carbonaceous solid particle in the case to continue to react, the feed back case is to the water in the water-cooled tube 28, provide vapor for the reacting furnace through steam nozzle 30 after the gasification reaction, relief valve 32 opens the surplus vapor of discharge when 28 internal gas pressures of water-cooling are too big, make and carried out reuse to vapor when cooling the feed back case, realized the reuse of water, water-cooling tube 28 be the effect of aluminum alloy material because the heat conductivity of aluminum alloy is better so can fully absorb the feed back caseThe water-cooling pipe 28 is provided with a flow control valve 31 for controlling the steam flow, so that the water-cooling pipe 28 can be controlled to provide the steam for the reaction furnace. The capacity detection module 13 send out the effect of device for the infrared ray and cover the infrared ray and send out the back for the carbonaceous solid particle of returning charge case 6, the infrared ray send out the infrared ray and just can not receive the infrared ray of reflection after sending out, show this moment that the carbonaceous solid particle in returning charge case 6 has reached upper limit value, just so can handle the carbonaceous solid particle in returning charge case 6, the effect that row material export 7 links to each other with waste bin 33 be when carbonaceous solid particle does not reach corresponding gas production rate just can directly arrange to waste bin 33 through arranging material export 7, and carry out centralized processing. The particle size of the crushed raw coal is controlled to be less than 10mm, so that when the raw coal is too large, sufficient reaction cannot be obtained in the reaction furnace, and the gas forming rate and the conversion effect are reduced.
The invention also comprises the following control process:
a. preheating a gasification furnace, when the temperature of the gasification furnace reaches about 600 ℃, a gasification medium firstly enters the gasification furnace through an air distribution plate 4, so that quartz sand in the furnace enters a fluidized state, then crushing dried raw coal, conveying the crushed raw coal to the gasification furnace through a feeding machine 2, and quickly mixing the crushed raw coal with the gasification medium and the quartz sand;
b. c in the coal after mixing reacts with oxygen to generate a large amount of heat, so that C and steam continue to react, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 900-1000 ℃, the reaction gas continuously rises and then leaves the gasification furnace through a crude gas outlet 3 and enters a cyclone separator 1, the cyclone separator 1 performs gas-solid separation on the reaction gas, the separated gas is discharged from the gas outlet for further treatment, and the separated carbon-containing solid particles are conveyed into a material returning box 6 through a descending pipe;
c. when the capacity detection module 13 in the return box 6 detects that the carbon-containing solid particles in the return box 6 exceed the critical storage value, the capacity detection module sends a signal to the control module 14, and the control module 14 controls the feeder 2 to stop conveying the raw coal or manually utilizes the control module 14 to stop the feeder 2 from supplying the raw coal;
d. meanwhile, the control module 14 controls to open the feeding control valve 9, and returns the carbon-containing solid particles in the material returning box 6 to the reaction furnace through the feeding machine 2, so that the carbon-containing solid particles are contacted with the gasification medium again to perform multiple reactions;
e. and the concentration detection module 12 is used for continuously detecting the concentration of the coal gas at the coal gas outlet, detection data are sent to the control module 14, and when the detected concentration of the coal gas is lower than the concentration of the coal gas arranged in the control module 14, the control module 14 closes the feeding control valve 9 and opens the discharging control valve 10 to discharge the carbon-containing solid particles which are used for many times.
Claims (10)
1. A coal gasification furnace of a circulating fluidized bed comprises a gasification furnace, a cyclone separator and a feeding machine connected with the gasification furnace, wherein a crude coal gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with the cyclone separator, and the coal gasification furnace is characterized in that an air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace, the cyclone separator is connected with a material returning box through a down pipe, the material returning box comprises a material discharging outlet and a feeding outlet connected with the feeding machine, a feeding control valve in a normally closed state is arranged at the feeding outlet, a material discharging control valve in a normally closed state is arranged at the material discharging outlet, a concentration detection module for detecting the concentration of coal gas is arranged at the coal gas outlet of the cyclone separator, a capacity detection module for detecting the capacity of carbon-containing solid particles in the material returning box is arranged in the material returning box, and the feeding machine, the concentration detection module, the feeding control valve, the concentration detection module and the feeding control valve are all, The discharge control valve and the capacity detection module are respectively connected with a control module provided with a lower limit value of the gas concentration.
2. The coal gasifier of claim 1, wherein the gasifier comprises a reaction furnace and an aeration furnace, an ash outlet is arranged below the aeration furnace, the reaction furnace is divided into a main reaction furnace and an auxiliary reaction furnace which are arranged on the left and right sides through a reaction partition plate, the main reaction furnace and the auxiliary reaction furnace are connected through a main reaction vent hole arranged on the reaction partition plate, the main reaction vent hole is arranged at one end of the reaction partition plate far away from the aeration furnace, the bottom of the main reaction furnace is connected with the aeration furnace, the air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the aeration furnace, the crude gas outlet is arranged at the other side of the auxiliary reaction furnace connected with the main reaction furnace, and a perspective window is arranged on the aeration furnace.
3. The coal gasification furnace of claim 2, wherein the secondary reaction furnace is divided into a first secondary reaction furnace and a second secondary reaction furnace which are arranged in left and right directions by a secondary reaction partition plate, the first secondary reaction furnace and the second secondary reaction furnace are connected by a secondary reaction vent hole arranged at the bottom of the secondary reaction partition plate, the crude gas outlet is arranged at the other side of the second secondary reaction furnace connected with the first secondary reaction furnace, and the secondary reaction vent hole and the crude gas vent hole are arranged in a staggered manner.
4. The circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace of claim 3, wherein the height of the secondary reaction partition is 1/2-3/5 of the height of the secondary reaction furnace.
5. The coal gasification furnace of claim 2, wherein the ventilation furnace is connected with the secondary reaction furnace through a slag discharging through hole, the slag discharging through hole is formed in one end of the reaction furnace, which is connected with the ventilation furnace, a slag discharging plate matched with the slag discharging through hole is arranged at the slag discharging through hole, the slag discharging plate is rotatably connected with the reaction partition plate, and the slag discharging plate is connected with the control module through a slag discharging plate rotating mechanism.
6. The coal gasification furnace of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein a cooling device is arranged outside the return box, the cooling device is a water-cooled tube, the water-cooled tube is uniformly wound outside the return box, the water-cooled tube is made of aluminum alloy, one end of the water-cooled tube is connected with a water source, the other end of the water-cooled tube is communicated with the air distribution plate, a steam nozzle is arranged at one end of the water-cooled tube close to the air distribution plate, a flow control valve for controlling steam flow is arranged at one end of the water-cooled tube close to the steam nozzle, a pressure release valve is arranged on the water-cooled tube, and a flow control valve for controlling flow is arranged on the reaction branch tube.
7. The circulating fluidized bed coal gasifier as claimed in claim 3, wherein said main reaction gasifier occupies 1/2 of said gasifier volume, and said first side reaction gasifier occupies 1/2 of said side reaction gasifier volume.
8. The coal gasifier of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 7, wherein the capacity detection module is an infrared receiver, and the discharge outlet is connected to a waste bin.
9. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
a. preheating a gasification furnace, when the temperature of the gasification furnace reaches about 600 ℃, enabling a gasification agent to enter the gasification furnace from an air distribution plate, enabling quartz sand in the gasification furnace to enter a fluidized state, crushing dried raw coal, conveying the crushed raw coal to the gasification furnace from a feeding machine, and quickly mixing the crushed raw coal with the gasification agent and the quartz sand;
b. c in the coal after mixing reacts with oxygen to generate a large amount of heat, so that C and steam continue to react, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 900-1000 ℃, the reaction gas continuously rises and then leaves the gasification furnace through a crude gas outlet and enters a cyclone separator, the cyclone separator performs gas-solid separation on the reaction gas, the separated gas is discharged from the gas outlet for further treatment, and the separated carbon-containing solid particles are sent to a material returning box through a material discharging pipe;
c. when the capacity detection module in the return box detects that the carbon-containing solid particles in the return box exceed the critical storage value, the capacity detection module sends a signal to the control module, and the control module controls the feeder to stop conveying the raw coal or manually stops the feeder to supply the raw coal;
d. meanwhile, the control module controls to open the feeding control valve, and carbon-containing solid particles in the return box are returned to the reaction furnace through the feeder, so that the carbon-containing solid particles are contacted with the gasifying agent again to perform multiple reactions;
e. and the concentration detection module is used for continuously detecting the concentration of the coal gas at the coal gas outlet, detection data are sent to the control module, and when the detected concentration of the coal gas is lower than the concentration of the coal gas arranged in the control module, the control module closes the feeding control valve and opens the discharging control valve to discharge the carbon-containing solid particles which are repeatedly used.
10. The circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace of claim 9, wherein the particle size of the crushed raw coal is controlled to be less than 10 mm.
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