CN111347284A - Online dynamic balance checking and adjusting device and method in lathe hub machining - Google Patents
Online dynamic balance checking and adjusting device and method in lathe hub machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN111347284A CN111347284A CN202010268664.1A CN202010268664A CN111347284A CN 111347284 A CN111347284 A CN 111347284A CN 202010268664 A CN202010268664 A CN 202010268664A CN 111347284 A CN111347284 A CN 111347284A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
- B23Q11/0035—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine by adding or adjusting a mass, e.g. counterweights
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/12—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online dynamic balance checking and adjusting device and a checking and adjusting method in lathe hub processing, which comprises the following steps: the acceleration gauge is arranged on the peripheral surface of the lathe spindle and used for measuring the acceleration of the lathe spindle; the driver is connected with the acceleration gauge through a first cable and is used for converting the acceleration amount into a displacement amount; and the control system is connected with the driver through a second cable and is used for giving the direction angle and the hole size depth of the hole position to be adjusted according to the displacement. The automatic detection device has the advantages that repeated disassembly and assembly operations are avoided, great labor and material resources are saved, repeated clamping errors are reduced, the measurement precision is good, unnecessary damage to workpieces is avoided, online detection of dynamic balance is realized, and the machining problem caused by vibration is effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dynamic balance adjustment, relates to an online dynamic balance adjustment device, and particularly relates to an online dynamic balance adjustment device and an online dynamic balance adjustment method in lathe hub machining.
Background
Because the wheel hub is a casting which may contain impurities and air holes, the inner components of the wheel hub are unevenly distributed or the outer contour of the wheel hub is not a true circle, so that the center of mass of the wheel hub is different from the center of rotation, the wheel hub vibrates during machining, and the phenomenon is imbalance in the machining of the wheel hub of the lathe. Such vibrations may result in noise generation, poor turning accuracy and reduced spindle life. Therefore, if this vibration can be effectively eliminated (i.e., the balance in the process can be eliminated), the processing quality can be effectively improved.
Usually, the dynamic balance of the hub is corrected by adopting a mass reduction method, and the mass is reduced by drilling a fixed hole on the periphery of the hub, so that a variable is generated to change a synthetic mass center vector of the hub, and the unbalance of the hub is balanced.
At present, in the machining process of a hub, in order to detect the unbalance amount of the hub and enable the unbalance amount to achieve a dynamic balance effect, the hub needs to be taken down for multiple times in the machining process, tested and punched on a special dynamic balancer, and then placed on a main shaft for machining. This has several disadvantages: firstly, the dynamic balance quantity measured on the dynamic balancing instrument does not consider the factors of the main shaft side, and error measurement conditions may occur; secondly, the inspection and correction mode needs repeated clamping for many times, so certain errors can be generated; and the risk of damage in the clamping process exists, and the repeated clamping is also a great waste for manpower and material resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a device for detecting and adjusting the online dynamic balance in the process of machining a lathe hub.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides an online dynamic balance examines transfer device in lathe wheel hub processing, it includes:
the acceleration gauge is arranged on the peripheral surface of the lathe spindle and used for measuring the acceleration of the lathe spindle;
the driver is connected with the acceleration gauge through a first cable and is used for converting the acceleration amount into a displacement amount;
and the control system is connected with the driver through a second cable and is used for giving the direction angle and the hole size depth of the hole position to be adjusted according to the displacement.
Preferably, the accelerometer is mounted on the circumferential surface of the lathe spindle through a fixing unit, and the fixing unit is a metal double-sided adhesive tape or a powerful magnet.
Optimally, the end part of the main shaft of the lathe is connected with a main shaft motor for driving the main shaft motor to rotate; the driver is also connected with the spindle motor; the control system is arranged on the lathe and used for adjusting parameters of the spindle motor of the lathe.
Optimally, the driver is an S08-SMD-34C series four-in-one driver.
Optimally, the control system is a 22-series controller.
The invention also aims to provide an online dynamic balance checking and adjusting method in the machining of a lathe hub, which comprises the following steps:
(a) debugging parameters of a spindle motor of the lathe by using a control system to ensure that the gain and the inertia ratio of the spindle motor are correct;
(b) installing an acceleration gauge on the side wall of the main shaft and connecting the acceleration gauge with the control system through a driver;
(c) and transmitting the acceleration measurement obtained by the acceleration gauge to the control system through the driver so as to obtain the direction angle and the hole size depth of the adjusted hole position, and punching and debugging to eliminate vibration.
Optimally, step (a) comprises the steps of:
(a1) estimating the inertia of the lathe spindle servo motor by using the control system;
(a2) and under the condition that the lathe does not vibrate, the gain of the lathe spindle servo motor is improved.
Optimally, step (b) comprises the steps of:
(b1) connecting the accelerometer gauge to the driver via a first cable;
(b2) connecting the control system with the driver by a second cable,
(b3) performing a string parameter setting on the drive by the control system.
Optimally, step (c) comprises the steps of:
(c1) acquiring the amplitude and the rotating speed of the main shaft of the lathe;
(c2) obtaining the direction angle and the hole size depth of an adjusted hole position through the control system, and performing punching debugging;
(c3) obtaining the amplitude and the rotating speed of the debugged lathe spindle, and determining whether the lathe spindle vibrates; when the lathe spindle vibrates, repeating the steps until no vibration exists; and when the lathe spindle does not vibrate, performing hub machining operation.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: according to the online dynamic balance checking and adjusting device and the checking and adjusting method in the machining of the lathe hub, the acceleration gauge, the driver and the control system are connected through the cable, so that the direction angle and the hole size depth of the adjusted hole position are given according to the displacement, repeated dismounting and mounting operations are avoided, great manpower and material resources are saved, repeated clamping errors are reduced, the measurement precision is good, unnecessary damage to a workpiece is avoided, online checking and adjusting of dynamic balance are realized, and the machining problem caused by vibration is effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an on-line dynamic balance adjusting device in the process of machining a lathe hub according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the use of the on-line dynamic balance adjusting device in the process of machining the hub of the lathe;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the hole site angle of the control system after debugging the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention will be made.
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. Directional phrases used in connection with the present invention, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "side," and the like, refer only to the orientation of the figure(s). Accordingly, the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and understanding, and is in no way limiting. In addition, in the description, unless explicitly described to the contrary, the word "comprise" or "comprises" should be understood to mean that including the element, but not excluding any other elements.
The device for detecting and adjusting the dynamic balance in the machining of the lathe hub as shown in fig. 1 and 2 mainly comprises an acceleration gauge 2, a driver 4, a control system 5 and the like.
Wherein, the acceleration gauge 2 is installed on the circumference of the lathe spindle 1 and is used for measuring the acceleration of the lathe spindle 1; the end of the lathe spindle 1 is connected with a spindle motor (the end of the lathe spindle 1 is usually connected with the spindle motor by a belt, not shown in the figure; the spindle motor is also called a servo motor or a spindle servo motor), so that the synchronous rotation of the lathe spindle 1 can be driven by the operation of the spindle motor. The accelerometer 2 is typically self-contained with a first cable 6 to form a unitary body. In the present embodiment, the accelerometer 2 is mounted on the peripheral surface of the lathe spindle 1 through the fixing unit 3, so that the accelerometer 2 is mounted in the vertical direction of the acceleration dimension to be measured (i.e. the spindle side wall); the fixing unit 3 is a metal double-sided adhesive tape or a strong magnet, and can not use a medium with lower rigidity, such as beeswax heat dissipation mud, so as to avoid affecting the measurement effect.
The driver 4 is connected to the acceleration gauge 2 via a first cable 6 and to the spindle motor, so that the driver 4 can be used to convert the acquired acceleration amount into a displacement amount, and can control the spindle motor, such as setting parameters, according to the acquired command or signal. In the present embodiment, the drive 4 is preferably a new generation S08-SMD-34C series four-in-one drive, which has several interfaces, respectively: the interface A is an external power input contact and can be connected with a 380-440V three-phase alternating current power supply; the interface B is a motor driving power supply output contact which is connected with a motor side to provide a motor power supply and is a first shaft to a fourth shaft from right to left; the interface C is connected with a brake resistor; an interface D for connecting a host controller (e.g., the control system 5 in this application) and connecting a serial driver; the interface E is a USB connecting hole and is used for connecting a personal computer; interface F, I/O signal socket, used to connect I/O device (such as emergency stop switch, warning light); the interface G is an encoder feedback connection hole and is used for connecting the motor encoders of all the shafts; the interface H and the MPG are connected with the holes, and the special hand wheel interface is externally connected with a hand wheel; the interface I, the X1PORT and the input interface can be externally connected with an input terminal board; interface J, Y1 PORT, output interface, can external output terminal board. The 6pin joint of the acceleration gauge can be connected with the encoder feedback connection hole (which can be connected with the 6pin expansion board) of the front-stage board of the four-in-one driver.
The control system 5 is generally mounted on a lathe (on a metal plate of the lathe) and is used for controlling a lathe spindle motor and the like (parameters, signals and the like). In the present embodiment, the control system 5 is typically a 22-series controller of a new generation company; it has a plurality of interfaces, do respectively: interface B, LAN1&2, group 2 10/100M network interface; interface C, keyboard interface; interface D, 2 sets of USB2.0 interfaces; interface E, M3 serial servo communication interface; interface F, I/O device; interface G, RIO PORT interface. The control system 5 is further connected to the driver 4 through a second cable 7, and is configured to provide a direction angle and a hole depth of the adjusted hole position according to the obtained displacement amount and the time amount, which can be derived from a formula built in the control system 5:
wherein a is an acceleration value, M is a total mass, M is an impurity mass, omega is an angular velocity, r is a rotation radius, t is time quantum, and X is a radial displacement of the lathe spindle 1.
The invention also provides an online dynamic balance detecting and adjusting method by utilizing the online dynamic balance detecting and adjusting device in the machining of the lathe hub, which comprises the following steps:
(a) the control system 5 is used for debugging the parameters of the spindle motor of the lathe to ensure that the gain and the inertia ratio of the spindle motor are correct, so that the spindle does not vibrate due to the spindle motor when rotating; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a1) the inertia of a servo motor (namely a spindle motor) of the lathe spindle 1 is estimated by using a control system 5; the specific operation is as follows: the following functions are selected in turn by keys on a 22-series controller: parameter setting-debugging function-automatic tuning;
(a2) under the condition that the lathe does not vibrate, the gain of a servo motor of the lathe spindle 1 is improved, and the inertia ratio is ensured to be correct; the specific operation is as follows: the following functions are selected in turn by keys on a 22-series controller: parameter setting-next page-serial parameter setting, changing Pn-100 speed loop gain, Pn-101 speed loop integral time constant and Pn-102 position loop gain;
(b) the accelerating gauge 2 is arranged on the side wall of the main shaft and is connected with a control system 5 through a driver 4; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(b1) connecting the accelerometer 2 to the driver 4 by a first cable 6; namely, a 6pin joint of the accelerating gauge 2 is connected with an encoder interface (which can be connected with a 6pin expansion board) of a front-stage board of a new generation four-in-one driver 4;
(b2) the control system 5 is connected to the drive 4 by a second cable 7,
(b3) serial parameter setting is performed on the driver 4 by the control system 5; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the following operating parameter settings are made at the control system 5: setting Pn-920 (second encoder communication interface form) as 13 (new generation encoder), Pn-921 (second encoder interface number) as 3 (new generation accelerometer) for 6pin interface and Pn-92D (second encoder sensing plate form) as next page-list parameter;
(c) clamping the hub 8 through a clamping jaw 11 at the other end of the main shaft 1, and rotating at a normal rotating speed; starting a vibration debugging function on the control system 5, transmitting the acceleration quantity obtained by the acceleration gauge 2 to the control system 5 through the driver 4 to obtain the direction angle of the adjusted hole position and the hole size depth (as shown in figure 3), and punching for debugging to eliminate vibration. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(c1) inputting a vibration debugging key from F10 (next page) -F3 (parameter setting) -F8 (adjusting function), and acquiring the amplitude and the spindle rotating speed of the lathe spindle 1 (key debugging can be carried out as required);
(c2) the direction angle and the hole size depth of an adjusted hole position (namely, a position containing impurities or unbalance m) are obtained through a control system 5, and punching debugging is carried out;
(c3) obtaining the amplitude and the main shaft rotating speed of the debugged lathe main shaft 1, and determining whether the lathe main shaft 1 vibrates; when the lathe spindle 1 vibrates, repeating the steps until no vibration exists; when the lathe spindle 1 does not vibrate, the hub machining operation is performed.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an online dynamic balance examines transfer device in lathe wheel hub processing which characterized in that, it includes:
the acceleration gauge (2) is arranged on the peripheral surface of the lathe spindle (1) and is used for measuring the acceleration of the lathe spindle (1);
the driver (4), the said driver (4) is connected with said accelerometer (2) through the first cable (6), used for changing the said amount of acceleration into the displacement amount;
and the control system (5) is connected with the driver (4) through a second cable (7) and is used for giving the direction angle and the hole size depth of the adjusted hole position according to the displacement amount.
2. The on-line dynamic balance adjusting device in lathe hub machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the accelerating gauge (2) is installed on the circumferential surface of the lathe spindle (1) through a fixing unit (3), and the fixing unit (3) is metal double-sided adhesive tape or a strong magnet.
3. The on-line dynamic balance adjusting device in lathe hub machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end part of the lathe spindle (1) is connected with a spindle motor for driving the lathe spindle to rotate; the driver (4) is also connected with the spindle motor; the control system (5) is arranged on the lathe and used for adjusting parameters of the lathe spindle motor (1).
4. The on-line dynamic balance adjusting device in lathe hub machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driver (4) is an S08-SMD-34C series four-in-one driver.
5. The on-line dynamic balance adjusting device in lathe hub machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control system (5) is a 22-series controller.
6. An online dynamic balance detecting and adjusting method in lathe hub machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) debugging parameters of a spindle motor of the lathe by using a control system (5) to ensure that the gain and the inertia ratio of the spindle motor are correct;
(b) installing an acceleration gauge (2) on the side wall of the main shaft and connecting the acceleration gauge with the control system (5) through a driver (4);
(c) and transmitting the acceleration quantity obtained by the acceleration gauge (2) to the control system (5) through the driver (4) so as to obtain the direction angle and the hole size depth of the adjusted hole position, and punching and adjusting so as to eliminate vibration.
7. The method for detecting and adjusting the dynamic balance in the machining of the lathe hub as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step (a) comprises the following steps:
(a1) estimating the inertia of a servo motor of the lathe spindle (1) by using the control system (5);
(a2) and under the condition that the lathe does not vibrate, the gain of a servo motor of the lathe spindle (1) is improved.
8. The method for detecting and adjusting the dynamic balance in the machining of the lathe hub as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step (b) comprises the steps of:
(b1) connecting the accelerometer gauge (2) to the drive (4) by means of a first cable (6);
(b2) connecting the control system (5) to the drive (4) by means of a second cable (7),
(b3) -performing a serial parameter setting of the drive (4) by means of the control system (5).
9. The method for detecting and adjusting the dynamic balance in the machining of the lathe hub as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step (c) comprises the steps of:
(c1) acquiring the amplitude and the main shaft rotating speed of the lathe main shaft (1);
(c2) the direction angle and the hole size depth of the hole position to be adjusted are obtained through the control system (5), and punching debugging is carried out;
(c3) obtaining the amplitude and the main shaft rotating speed of the debugged lathe main shaft (1) and determining whether the lathe main shaft (1) vibrates; when the lathe spindle (1) vibrates, repeating the steps until no vibration exists; and when the lathe spindle (1) has no vibration, performing hub machining operation.
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| CN202010268664.1A CN111347284B (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2020-04-08 | Online dynamic balance adjustment device and adjustment method in lathe hub machining |
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| CN202010268664.1A CN111347284B (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2020-04-08 | Online dynamic balance adjustment device and adjustment method in lathe hub machining |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112893889A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-04 | 广州市昊志机电股份有限公司 | Main shaft and machine tool |
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