CN111345408B - Special emulsifier for aquatic animals and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special emulsifier for aquatic animals and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111345408B CN111345408B CN202010202352.0A CN202010202352A CN111345408B CN 111345408 B CN111345408 B CN 111345408B CN 202010202352 A CN202010202352 A CN 202010202352A CN 111345408 B CN111345408 B CN 111345408B
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- Prior art keywords
- parts
- emulsifier
- aquatic animals
- fatty liver
- feed
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- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 208000004930 Fatty Liver Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N (2s,4r)-4-[(3r,5s,6r,7r,8s,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-6-ethyl-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylpentanoic acid Chemical class C([C@@]12C)C[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(O)=O)CC[C@H]21 HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960004203 carnitine Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N cholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N taurocholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940099352 cholate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940009976 deoxycholate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003646 lysine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004452 methionine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- -1 sucrose fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000000941 bile Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)C1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000000072 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940080237 sodium caseinate Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 15
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 13
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229960003964 deoxycholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M sodium cholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M 0.000 description 5
- JAJWGJBVLPIOOH-IZYKLYLVSA-M sodium taurocholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 JAJWGJBVLPIOOH-IZYKLYLVSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003613 bile acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N deoxycholic acid Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3alpha,5alpha,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oic acid Natural products OC1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(CCC(O)=O)C)C1(C)C(O)C2 BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004380 Cholic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010010234 HDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000015779 HDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102000007330 LDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010007622 LDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010241 blood sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002471 cholic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008621 organismal health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTOKUMPYMPKCFX-CZNUEWPDSA-N (E)-17-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoctadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCCC(C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](COC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1 ZTOKUMPYMPKCFX-CZNUEWPDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001459819 Carassius gibelio Species 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010023302 HDL Cholesterol Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010021033 Hypomenorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000019280 Pancreatic lipases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050006759 Pancreatic lipases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000272459 Silybum marianum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010841 Silybum marianum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010957 calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OEUVSBXAMBLPES-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C(=O)OC(C)C([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C(=O)OC(C)C([O-])=O OEUVSBXAMBLPES-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003716 cholic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003640 drug residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010224 hepatic metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001518 levocarnitine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940040461 lipase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940116369 pancreatic lipase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhamnolipid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC(O)=O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCC)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930000044 secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003625 trehaloses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002438 upper gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an emulsifier special for aquatic animals, a preparation method and a use method thereof, and the emulsifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-15 parts of sodium caseinate; 24-40 parts of modified phospholipid; 15-30 parts of sucrose fatty acid ester; 4-10 parts of anti-fatty liver factor; 14-30 parts of glyceryl monostearate; 3-7 parts of bile acid salt; 1-5 parts of L-ascorbyl palmitate. The special emulsifier for aquatic animals can improve the utilization rate of grease, reduce the occurrence of fatty liver of the aquatic animals and improve the production level of the aquatic animals; meanwhile, the emulsifier provided by the invention can protect liver and promote bile flow, and promote digestion and absorption of fat; and can effectively lock the feed binding water, prolong the shelf life, reduce the water pollution and reduce the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal additives, and relates to a special emulsifier for aquatic animals, and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
With the development of modern aquaculture industry, complete compound feed becomes more and more a main feed source for aquatic animals. Under the modern intensive cultivation mode, the general application of the high-grade aquatic feed greatly exerts and improves the production performance of aquatic animals. In order to meet the special nutritional requirements of aquatic animals, manufacturers often need to add oils and fats, including fish oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and the like, to the feed. On the one hand, the grease is not completely consistent with the grease requirements of aquatic animals, and the utilization of the grease by the aquatic animals is limited; on the other hand, a certain amount of starch and high-level grease are added into the feed, and a large amount of fat is deposited in the liver due to incomplete energy conversion, so that fatty liver is formed, and the physiological function of the liver is damaged; meanwhile, the liver overload of the aquatic animals synthesizes nutrient substances and decomposes toxins in bodies, so that the liver functions of the aquatic animals are seriously damaged, the secretion of bile is influenced, and further the non-ideal digestion and absorption of grease by the aquatic animals are caused.
The special emulsifier for the aquatic feed can solve the problems of poor digestion and utilization rate of grease and fatty liver, and can effectively promote the absorption of grease and the conversion of energy. However, the traditional emulsifying agent is mostly compounded by adopting a chemical synthetic emulsifying agent, which may have potential threat to the health of consumers and also has the defects of low emulsifying capacity and the like.
CN102696895a discloses a biological emulsifier for aquatic animal feed, which is prepared from the following components: two or more of sophorolipids, rhamnolipids and trehalose lipids. The sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, trehalose lipid and the like in the emulsifier are secondary metabolites produced by microbial fermentation, can be naturally metabolized and degraded, can not cause drug residues of aquatic products and does not influence water quality; but the fat requirements of aquatic animals are not met. CN105166577a discloses a compound emulsifier for improving fat utilization rate of aquatic feed, comprising sucrose fatty acid ester, modified phospholipid, calcium stearoyl lactylate, fatty acid monoglyceride, glycerin fatty acid ester, l-carnitine, bile acid, silybum marianum extract and lipase. The composite emulsifier provided in the patent application has a good emulsifying effect and can exist stably, but is only aimed at tilapia, weever and carassius auratus gibelio, and lacks wide applicability.
Thus, there is a need to provide a specific emulsifier which is widely applicable to aquatic animals to meet the application requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an emulsifier special for aquatic animals, and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The special emulsifier for aquatic animals can improve the utilization rate of grease, reduce the occurrence of fatty liver of the aquatic animals and improve the production level of the aquatic animals; meanwhile, the emulsifier provided by the invention can protect liver and promote bile flow, and promote digestion and absorption of fat; and can reduce water pollution and production cost.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an emulsifier special for aquatic animals, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the emulsifier provided by the invention can improve the digestion and absorption of grease, supplement anti-fatty liver factors, reduce the incidence of fatty liver of aquatic animals to a greater extent, increase the organism health of the aquatic animals and improve the production level. In addition, bile acid is supplemented in the form of bile acid salt, so that on one hand, the cracking of grease can be promoted, and further, the aquatic animals can digest and absorb the grease more rapidly and more fully; on the other hand, ionic bile acid salt is added, and the bile acid participates in liver metabolism, so that the surface tension of fat can be reduced, the fat is emulsified into micro-droplets, and the action area of pancreatic lipase is increased; the bile acid can also be combined with fatty acid to form water-soluble complex, promote the absorption of fatty acid, reduce the cause of fat deposition in liver, protect liver, promote bile flow, and promote fat digestion and absorption.
In the present invention, 5 to 15 parts of sodium caseinate, for example, 6 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts, 14 parts, etc.
In the present invention, 24 to 40 parts of the modified phospholipid, for example, 25 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 32 parts, 35 parts, 38 parts, etc.
In the present invention, the sucrose fatty acid ester 15 to 30 parts, for example, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, etc.
In the present invention, the anti-fatty liver factor is 4-10 parts, for example, 5 parts, 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, etc.
In the present invention, 14 to 30 parts of the glyceryl monostearate, for example, 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, etc.
In the present invention, the bile acid salt is 3 to 7 parts, for example, 4 parts, 5 parts, 6 parts, etc.
In the present invention, 1 to 5 parts, for example, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, etc., of the L-ascorbyl palmitate.
In the present invention, the modified phospholipid is an acylated modified phospholipid.
The acetone insoluble substance of the modified phospholipid is more than 95%, the HLB value is 8-13, the acid value is less than 30mg KOH/g, and the viscosity (Cp, 25 ℃) is less than 12000.
In the present invention, the anti-fatty liver factor includes any one or a combination of at least two of choline, methionine, betaine, carnitine, lysine, or inositol.
Preferably, the anti-fatty liver factor comprises 20-40 parts of choline, 10-25 parts of inositol, 15-30 parts of methionine and 18-35 parts of carnitine based on 100 parts of the total mass of the anti-fatty liver factor.
The specific selection of the substances as the anti-fatty liver factor has the advantage of having obvious influence on fat metabolism of aquatic animals; meanwhile, the invention performs specific optimization on the components included in the anti-fatty liver factor, and has the beneficial effects of being beneficial to the absorption and utilization of fat by aquatic animals, reducing the liver fat content and improving the utilization rate of the feed when the anti-fatty liver factor is within the limit range of the invention, and has the anti-fatty liver effect but the possible effect is slightly poorer when the anti-fatty liver factor is not within the limit range of the invention.
In the present invention, the choline is 20 to 40 parts, for example, 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, etc.
In the present invention, the inositol is 10 to 25 parts, for example, 12 parts, 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, etc.
In the present invention, the methionine is 15-30 parts, for example, 18 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, etc.
In the present invention, the carnitine is 18 to 35 parts, for example, 20 parts, 22 parts, 25 parts, 28 parts, 30 parts, 32 parts, etc.
Preferably, the bile acid salt comprises any one or a combination of at least two of Taurocholate (TCA), cholate (CA) and Deoxycholate (DCA).
Preferably, the bile acid salt is a combination of taurocholate, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid in a mass ratio of 1:1:2.
The specific bile acid salt is specifically selected, and the specific bile acid salt has the characteristic of better promoting fat digestion and absorption, and if the specific bile acid salt is not in the specific bile acid salt, the specific bile acid salt has negative influence on fat digestion and absorption rate.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing the special emulsifier for aquatic animals, which comprises the steps of heating and mixing the components in the formula amount until the components are completely dissolved, and spray-drying to obtain the emulsifier.
Preferably, the temperature of the heating is 50-70 ℃, e.g. 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, etc.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of using the aquatic animal-specific emulsifier according to the first aspect, the method of using comprising the steps of:
and adding the emulsifying agent into the feed, and uniformly mixing.
Preferably, the using method comprises the following steps:
(1) Heating and mixing the emulsifier and water to obtain a mixture;
(2) Spraying part of the mixture into the feed, granulating, and finally spraying the rest mixture onto the surface of the granules;
preferably, the mixture further comprises grease.
The use effect is optimal when the emulsifier is uniformly mixed with oil and water and sprayed into the feed.
Preferably, the temperature of the heating is 40-50 ℃, e.g. 42 ℃, 45 ℃, 48 ℃, etc.
Preferably, the emulsifier is added in an amount of 0.1-0.5% by mass of the feed, e.g. 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% etc.
Preferably, the volume of the partial mixture is 60-70%, e.g., 62%, 65%, 67%, etc., of the total volume of the mixture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The emulsifier provided by the invention can improve the digestion and absorption of grease, supplement anti-fatty liver factors, reduce the incidence of fatty liver of aquatic animals to a greater extent, increase the organism health of the aquatic animals and improve the production level;
(2) The emulsifier provided by the invention can solve the problems of poor digestion and utilization rate of grease and fatty liver, can effectively promote the absorption of grease and the energy conversion, and solves the problems of waste of grease for aquatic feeds and pollution of water bodies, thereby realizing the aim of green cultivation; when the emulsifier provided by the invention is doped into the feed of the Gift tilapia, the weight gain rate of the Gift tilapia is above 845%, the specific growth rate is above 3.5%, the feed coefficient is below 1.30, the survival rate is above 80%, and the liver mass ratio is below 1.6%; in the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the weight gain rate of the tilapia is above 885%, the specific growth rate is above 4%, the feed coefficient is below 1.05, the survival rate is 100%, and the liver mass ratio is below 1.42%.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following specific embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
Example 1
An emulsifier special for aquatic animals comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the modified phospholipid is purchased from Shenzhen four-dimensional co-creation trade company, and the sucrose fatty acid ester is purchased from Zhengzhou Yu and food additive company; glyceryl monostearate was purchased from zhengzhou kangyuan chemical products limited.
The anti-fatty liver factor consists of 32 parts of choline, 17 parts of inositol, 22 parts of methionine and 29 parts of carnitine based on 100 parts of the anti-fatty liver factor.
The bile acid salt is a combination of sodium taurocholate, sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate with the mass ratio of 1:1:2.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing and heating the components in the formula amount to 60 ℃, and stirring until the components are completely dissolved to obtain the special emulsifier for aquatic animals.
Example 2
An emulsifier special for aquatic animals comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the modified phospholipid is purchased from Shenzhen four-dimensional co-creation trade limited company;
the anti-fatty liver factor consists of 20 parts of choline, 15 parts of inositol, 30 parts of methionine and 35 parts of carnitine based on 100 parts of the anti-fatty liver factor.
The bile acid salt is a combination of sodium taurocholate, sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate with the mass ratio of 1:1:2.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing and heating the components in the formula amount to 50 ℃, and stirring until the components are completely dissolved to obtain the special emulsifier for aquatic animals.
Example 3
An emulsifier special for aquatic animals comprises the following components in parts by weight:
wherein the modified phospholipid is purchased from Shenzhen four-dimensional co-creation trade limited company;
the anti-fatty liver factor consists of 40 parts of choline, 25 parts of inositol, 17 parts of methionine and 18 parts of carnitine based on 100 parts of the anti-fatty liver factor.
The bile acid salt is a combination of sodium taurocholate, sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate with the mass ratio of 1:1:2.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
mixing and heating the components in the formula amount to 70 ℃, and stirring until the components are completely dissolved to obtain the special emulsifier for aquatic animals.
Example 4
The only difference from example 1 is that in this example, the bile acid salt is a combination of sodium taurocholate, sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.
Example 5
The only difference from example 1 is that in this example, the bile acid salt is a combination of sodium taurocholate and sodium deoxycholate in a mass ratio of 1:2.
Example 6
The only difference from example 1 is that in this example, the bile acid salt in example 1 was sodium cholate.
Example 7
The difference from example 1 is that in this example, the anti-fatty liver factor consists of 40 parts of choline, 30 parts of inositol and 30 parts of methionine based on 100 parts of the anti-fatty liver factor by mass.
Example 8
The difference from example 1 is that in this example, the anti-fatty liver factor is lysine.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example bile acid salt was replaced with cholic acid.
Comparative examples 2 to 3
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, the weight parts of the modified phospholipid were 20 parts (comparative example 2) and 45 parts (comparative example 3).
Comparative examples 4 to 5
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, the weight parts of anti-fatty liver factor are 1 part (comparative example 4), 15 parts (comparative example 5).
Comparative examples 6 to 7
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, the weight parts of bile acid salt were 0.5 part (comparative example 6), 12 parts (comparative example 7).
Comparative examples 8 to 9
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, the sucrose fatty acid ester was 10 parts by weight (comparative example 8) and 35 parts by weight (comparative example 9).
Comparative examples 10 to 11
The difference from example 1 is that in this comparative example, the weight parts of glyceryl monostearate are 10 parts (comparative example 10), 35 parts (comparative example 11).
Performance testing
The performance test was performed on the special emulsifier for aquatic animals provided in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 11 as follows:
mixing an emulsifier sample with water at 45 ℃ to obtain a mixture, spraying 70% of the mixture into basic feed, granulating, and finally spraying the rest mixture onto the surface of the granules to obtain improved feed;
wherein, the addition amount of the emulsifier is 0.5% of the feed quality, and the basic feed is purchased from Guangdong Heng feed industry Co., ltd.
The animal experiment method is as follows:
experimental materials: the young tilapia mossambica is purchased from a tilapia good farm in Guangdong province, and after 2 weeks of domestication in an indoor circulating water culture system of the animal science institute of the agricultural sciences in Guangdong province, young fish with regular and healthy specifications are selected for experiments. 2 replicate cylinders were provided for each feed, 10 fish per cylinder, with an initial average mass of 15.38.+ -. 0.05g.
The cultivation mode is as follows: the cultivation test is 8 weeks, feeding is carried out 2 times per day (8:00 and 17:00), an indoor fluorescent lamp is adopted as a light source, and the light period is that in the daytime, the night=12:12; during the test, the bottom feces are sucked out by using a siphon in the morning every day, and then about one third of the water is changed in each jar; the dead fish is found out in time, and the weight is recorded after weighing; except for the water-changing and bait-throwing periods at the bottom, the rest time is continuously inflated and oxygenated, the dissolved oxygen in the water is higher than 6.0 mg/L, the water temperature is maintained at 29.0+/-2.0 ℃, the pH value is 7.0+/-0.4, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is lower than 0.2mg/L.
The testing method comprises the following steps:
after the experiment is finished, the fish is fasted for 24 hours, 3 tail fishes are randomly taken from each jar and put into water containing 0.01 percent of 2-phenoxythanol anesthetic for anesthesia, then a 1mL syringe is used for blood sampling from tail veins, and the blood is injected into a 1.5mL centrifuge tube; standing blood at 4deg.C for 2-5 hr, centrifuging at 4deg.C at 3500r/min for 10min, transferring the upper serum into a new centrifuge tube, quick freezing in liquid nitrogen, and storing in a refrigerator at-80deg.C for subsequent analysis. Dissecting the fish after blood sampling, placing liver, muscle and foregut samples into a centrifuge tube, quick-freezing in liquid nitrogen, and storing in a refrigerator at-80 ℃ for standby, finally, taking 2 fish from each jar for measuring muscle texture characteristics, and taking 2 fish for measuring total fish nutrition components; all fish are weighed one by one after being wiped by wet towels, and the weight is recorded;
a) Weight gain rate: according to "(W) f -W i )/W i X 100% "calculation;
b) Specific growth rate: according to (lnW) f -lnW i ) T x 100% "calculation;
c) Feed coefficient: according to "D a /(W t -W 0 ) "calculate;
d) Survival rate: according to "A f /A i X 100% "calculation;
e) The fertilizer fullness degree: according to "W b /L b 3 X 100% "calculation;
f) Liver mass ratio: according to "W l /W b X 100% "calculation;
g) Dirty body ratio: according to "W v /W b X 100% "calculation;
wherein W is i And W is f Average fish mass, g, at the beginning and end, respectively; t is the number of days of final culture, d; d (D) a G (dry matter) for total intake of feed; w (W) t And W is 0 G, total weight of initial and final fish body; a is that i And A f The initial and final fish numbers, respectively; w (W) b Is the mass of the fish body; l (L) b Is the length of the fish body, cm; w (W) l And W is v G represents liver and viscera weight, respectively;
h) And (3) biochemical index measurement: serum total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) are all measured by using a kit of Nanjing institute of biotechnology;
the test results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
According to the embodiment and the performance test, the emulsifier provided by the invention can improve the digestion and absorption of grease, reduce the incidence of fatty liver of aquatic animals and increase the body health of the aquatic animals; wherein, the weight gain rate of the gift tilapia is above 845%, the specific growth rate is above 3.5%, the feed coefficient is below 1.30, the survival rate is above 80%, and the liver mass ratio is below 1.6%; in the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the weight gain rate of the tilapia is above 885%, the specific growth rate is above 4%, the feed coefficient is below 1.05, the survival rate is 100%, and the liver mass ratio is below 1.42%.
As can be seen from comparison of the examples 1 and 4-6, the preferred bile acid salt of the invention is a combination of taurocholate, cholate and deoxycholate in a mass ratio of 1:1:2, and the finally obtained emulsifier has better action and effect; as is apparent from the comparison of example 1 and examples 7 to 8, the anti-fatty liver factor of the present invention has a better effect when it comprises 20 to 40 parts of choline, 10 to 25 parts of inositol, 15 to 30 parts of methionine and 18 to 35 parts of carnitine.
As can be seen from the comparison of the example 1 and the comparative example 1, the ionic bile acid salt added in the invention can better play the roles of protecting liver and promoting bile flow and promoting fat digestion and absorption; as is clear from the comparison of example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 11, the addition amount of each component of the present invention is required to be within the limit of the present invention to have a better technical effect.
Performance test 2
The performance test of the special emulsifier for aquatic animals provided in example 1 was carried out as follows:
mixing the emulsifier sample with basic feed, granulating to obtain improved feed;
wherein, the addition amount of the emulsifier is 0.5% of the feed quality, and the basic feed is purchased from Guangdong Heng feed industry Co., ltd.
The animal experiment method is carried out by referring to the method of the performance test 1;
the test results are shown in tables 3 and 4:
TABLE 3 Table 3
TABLE 4 Table 4
| Sample of | Serum total cholesterol | Triglycerides (Triglycerides) | High density lipoprotein | Low density lipoprotein |
| Example 1 | 5.53 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.56 |
| Example 1-1 | 5.52 | 0.46 | 0.54 | 0.58 |
Example 1 shows the method of using the emulsifier using the method provided in performance test 1, and example 1-1 shows the method of using the emulsifier using the method provided in performance test 2.
As can be seen from a comparison of the example 1 and the example 1-1, in the use method of the emulsifier, the emulsifier is firstly mixed with water (or water and oil), and the emulsifier is mixed with the basic feed by adopting a spraying mode, so that the emulsifier plays a better role.
The applicant states that the invention is illustrated by the above examples as well as methods of making and using the invention, but the invention is not limited to the above detailed methods, i.e. it is not meant that the invention must be practiced in dependence upon the above detailed methods. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitution of raw materials for the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., falls within the scope of the present invention and the scope of disclosure.
Claims (11)
1. The special emulsifier for the aquatic animals is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
the bile acid salt is a combination of taurocholate, cholate and deoxycholate in a mass ratio of 1:1:2;
the modified phospholipid is acylated modified phospholipid.
2. The aquatic animal-specific emulsifier of claim 1, wherein the anti-fatty liver factor comprises any one or a combination of at least two of choline, methionine, betaine, carnitine, lysine, or inositol.
3. The emulsifier for aquatic animals according to claim 2, wherein the anti-fatty liver factor comprises 20-40 parts of choline, 10-25 parts of inositol, 15-30 parts of methionine and 18-35 parts of carnitine based on 100 parts of the total mass of the anti-fatty liver factor.
4. A method of preparing an emulsifier for aquatic animals according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the method of preparation comprises heating and mixing the formula amounts of the components until completely dissolved, spray drying to obtain the emulsifier.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the heating temperature is 50 to 70 ℃.
6. A method of using an emulsifier for aquatic animals according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the method of using comprises the steps of:
and adding the emulsifying agent into the feed, and uniformly mixing.
7. The method of using an emulsifier for aquatic animals according to claim 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) Heating and mixing the emulsifier and water to obtain a mixture;
(2) Spraying part of the mixture into the feed, granulating, and finally spraying the rest mixture onto the surface of the granules.
8. The method of using an emulsifier for aquatic animals according to claim 7, wherein the mixture further comprises grease.
9. The method of using an emulsifier for aquatic animals according to claim 7 wherein the heating temperature is 40-50 ℃.
10. The method of using an emulsifier for aquatic animals according to claim 7, wherein the amount of the emulsifier added is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the feed.
11. The method of claim 7, wherein the volume of the portion of the admixture is 60-70% of the total volume of the admixture.
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