CN111342548B - Auxiliary power supply device for improving usability of storage battery pack - Google Patents
Auxiliary power supply device for improving usability of storage battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN111342548B CN111342548B CN202010281152.9A CN202010281152A CN111342548B CN 111342548 B CN111342548 B CN 111342548B CN 202010281152 A CN202010281152 A CN 202010281152A CN 111342548 B CN111342548 B CN 111342548B
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The application is applicable to the technical field of power sources, and provides an auxiliary power source device for improving the usability of a storage battery pack, wherein the storage battery pack comprises at least two single batteries connected in series; the auxiliary power supply device comprises a controller and at least two equalization units; each equalization unit comprises a first switch module and a boost circuit which are connected with the controller; when detecting that the single battery fails, the controller bypasses the failed single battery and controls the first switch module corresponding to the non-failed single battery to be connected so that the voltage boosting circuit corresponding to the non-failed single battery is boosted, and the voltage after boosting of each parallel circuit is used as the output voltage of the storage battery. Therefore, when the failure single battery is not replaced in time, the failure single battery is subjected to bypass treatment in the automatic fault-tolerant spanning mode, so that the voltage of the whole storage battery pack can be ensured not to drop, the usability of the storage battery pack is improved, and the whole service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of power supplies, and particularly relates to an auxiliary power supply device for improving the usability of a storage battery pack.
Background
As the degree of intellectualization of various industries increases, the dependence on power supply and its reliability increases, and a power outage will result in a huge loss. Therefore, highly reliable electricity utilization fields such as banks, communications, power, medical treatment and the like are equipped with energy storage technology or uninterrupted backup power supply systems (UPS power supply systems) to improve the power supply reliability. However, with the great increase in the amount of batteries, including lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries, accidents frequently occur in many fields with high reliability requirements.
In addition, the battery itself has some inherent disadvantages: if the batteries are required to be used in series, the whole battery can be failed due to the failure of one battery in the battery pack; the battery pack may have a severe event of rapid heat generation or even combustion explosion in extreme cases.
Data has shown that most of the incidents of UPS power system failure are due to battery failure. Therefore, the battery performance has become the weakest link of the overall power system. That is, improving the reliability of the battery can greatly improve the overall reliability of the power supply system, and the following methods for monitoring and maintaining the battery are common in the industry:
monitoring the cell voltage-determining a cell with an open circuit voltage below a certain value as a faulty cell. In practice, a battery with low voltage is a battery with obvious faults, but since most of the batteries have almost the same open circuit voltage as good batteries in early failure stage, the voltage is rapidly reduced only when the battery actually enters a discharging state, and then the battery is found to be too late to fail, which results in that the backup battery cannot guarantee the power supply time. However, due to low cost and technical threshold, the method is still applied to occasions with low requirements on the reliability of the power supply.
Checkup discharge- -based on the fact that the battery is in a truly discharged state before the failed battery is exposed, a checkup discharge test may also be used to evaluate the battery performance. This method requires a complete charge and discharge process for the entire battery to test the true capacity of the battery. The method can obtain the most authoritative test conclusion and accurately find out the fault battery. However, the method has the defects of long test time, high difficulty, incapability of online test, shortened battery life in the test process, and the like, so that the method has no popularization.
Testing the internal resistance of the cell-because monitoring the voltage alone is not effective to detect bad cells, but is not easy to operate by a checkup discharge. It is common in the industry to monitor the internal resistance of a battery to determine the degradation level of the battery.
Products based on the above monitoring and maintaining methods are gradually developed towards the automatic and intelligent directions, and some products can realize automatic monitoring, such as early prevention and alarming, but still cannot completely solve the problems of battery power supply continuity and safety guarantee under the scene of higher safety requirements, and in the emergency situation of battery faults, human intervention is still required to prevent accidents, such as requiring maintenance personnel to replace alarming batteries in time. For some application scenarios with higher requirements for reliability and security, the requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the embodiment of the application is how to monitor the actual working state data of the storage battery in real time and provide necessary functional intervention, so as to improve the usability and predictability of the storage battery and prolong the whole service life of the storage battery.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present application provides an auxiliary power device for improving usability of a battery pack, where the battery pack includes at least two series-connected unit cells; the auxiliary power supply device comprises a controller and at least two equalization units, wherein the at least two equalization units are connected with the at least two serial single batteries in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
Each equalization unit comprises a first switch module and a boost circuit which are connected with the controller; each boosting circuit is used for boosting the voltage of the corresponding single battery to N times, wherein N is equal to the number of the single batteries contained in the storage battery pack; the boosting circuits are in parallel connection;
When detecting that a single battery fails, the controller controls the first switch module corresponding to the failed single battery to be turned off so as to realize bypass processing of the failed single battery, controls the first switch module corresponding to the non-failed single battery to be turned on so that the boost circuit corresponding to the non-failed single battery is boosted, and takes the voltage after boosting of each path in parallel as the output voltage of the storage battery.
According to the embodiment of the application, whether each single battery fails or not is detected on line, when the failure of the single battery is detected, the first switch module corresponding to the non-failed single battery is controlled to be turned on, so that the voltage boosting circuit corresponding to the non-failed single battery is used for boosting, and the voltage after boosting of each parallel circuit is used as the output voltage of the storage battery. Therefore, when the failed single battery is not replaced in time, the failed single battery is subjected to bypass treatment by adopting the automatic fault-tolerant spanning mode, so that the voltage of the whole storage battery pack can be ensured not to drop, the storage battery pack is allowed to still work normally under the condition that part of the storage battery pack fails due to the fault, the usability of the storage battery pack is improved, and the whole service life is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an auxiliary power unit for improving usability of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, the auxiliary power device provided by the embodiment of the application is used for improving the usability of a storage battery pack, where the storage battery pack includes at least two serial single batteries, and in fig. 1, three serial single batteries of a battery 1, a battery 2 and a battery 3 are taken as an example, and the single batteries may be lead-acid storage batteries or lithium batteries.
In the practical use process, the voltage level of the single batteries needs to be distinguished to be 2V or 12V, the battery grouping is planned according to the number of the whole storage battery packs, the number of the single batteries of each storage battery pack is determined, the minimum number of the storage battery packs is 2, the maximum number of the storage battery packs is theoretically unlimited, but is limited by the influence factors such as the distance between battery connecting wires and circuit efficiency, and the number of the single batteries of the storage battery packs is not recommended to be more than 12 single batteries according to test data. The single battery can also be a battery pack consisting of a plurality of batteries, for example, 6 batteries with the voltage of 2V are connected in series to form a 12V battery pack.
The auxiliary power supply device comprises a controller 1 and at least two equalization units 2, wherein the at least two equalization units 2 are connected with at least two single batteries in series in a one-to-one correspondence manner.
Each equalization unit 2 comprises a first switch module 21 and a boost circuit 22, wherein the first switch module 21 is connected with the controller 1, and the controller 1 controls the on-off of the first switch module 21. Each booster circuit 22 is configured to boost the voltage of the corresponding unit cell to N times, where N is equal to the number of unit cells included in the battery pack, and in the auxiliary power device illustrated in fig. 1, N is 3, and the booster circuits 22 are in a parallel relationship.
Further, each equalizing unit 2 may further include a detection circuit 23, and each detection circuit 23 is connected to the controller 1.
Some on-line monitoring functions can be realized through the controller 1 and the detection circuit 23, mainly comprising voltage detection of the single battery, internal resistance detection of the single battery and temperature detection of the single battery, and the following steps are adopted:
Voltage detection of single battery — the controller 1 is configured to detect the voltage of each single battery and determine whether there is an overcharged or overdischarged single battery, specifically, a battery overcharge voltage reference value and a battery overdischarge voltage reference value may be built into the controller 1, and the controller 1 compares the detected voltage of the single battery with the two reference values to determine whether there is an excessive voltage.
The detection circuit 23 is used for detecting the discharge current, and specifically can set a periodic internal resistance detection, when the internal resistance detection is required, the controller 1 is further used for controlling each first switch module 21 to be turned on for small current discharge within a preset short time period, and calculating the internal resistance of each single battery according to the discharge current detected by each detection circuit 23 and the voltage of each single battery. The controller 1 detects the discharge current during the small-current discharge process of a certain single battery, calculates the internal resistance value of the single battery through the internal resistance algorithm, and helps to find the battery cell with cracking tendency, for example, when the change rate of the internal resistance of the certain single battery cell compared with the reference internal resistance value exceeds 50%, the single battery cell is considered to have cracking tendency. Wherein the discharge current is detected by a hall sensor, and the measurement unit of the internal resistance value is typically milliohm (mΩ).
The auxiliary power supply device also comprises at least two temperature sensors, which are respectively attached to the cathodes of the single batteries and connected with the controller 1. The controller 1 can timely find some unexpected emergency or error in the process of installing and using the single battery through temperature detection, for example, if the temperature alarm threshold is 3 ℃, when the temperature of one single battery is obviously higher than or higher than 3 ℃ than that of other single batteries, the emergency is considered to exist, and the alarm is carried out.
When detecting that a single battery fails (such as abnormal voltage, abnormal internal resistance, abnormal temperature, etc.), the controller 1 controls the first switch module 21 corresponding to the failed single battery to be turned off so as to realize the bypass processing of the failed single battery, and controls the first switch module 21 corresponding to the non-failed single battery to be turned on so as to boost the boost circuit 22 corresponding to the non-failed single battery, and takes the voltage after boosting of each path of parallel connection as the output voltage of the storage battery.
This function corresponds to a "fault tolerant bridging," i.e., the bridging of a failed cell. As can be seen from fig. 1, a boost circuit 22 is suspended behind each cell, and the boost circuit 22 is configured to boost the voltage of each cell to a voltage consistent with the voltage of the battery pack, so that in the most extreme case, the boost circuits 22 of all the cells are in parallel connection. Even if only one single battery cell is good in the whole storage battery pack, the voltage at two ends of the storage battery pack can still be ensured to be consistent with that of all single battery cells when the voltage at two ends of the storage battery pack is normal after the single battery cell passes through the corresponding boost circuit 22.
Therefore, when each single battery is monitored online, if one or a part of the batteries in the battery pack is found to be invalid, and the invalid single battery is not replaced in time, the device adopts an automatic fault-tolerant spanning mode, and the invalid single battery is subjected to bypass processing, so that the voltage of the whole storage battery pack can be ensured not to drop.
The fault-tolerant spanning function of the storage battery changes a single form of discharging the storage battery simply in series connection, realizes the fault-tolerant function of the storage battery on a fault battery through the discharging form of combining the series connection and the parallel connection, and allows the storage battery to still work normally under the condition that part of the storage battery fails.
Further, the auxiliary power supply device further comprises a discharging load circuit 3, a second switch module 4, a third switch module 5 and a fourth switch module 6, wherein the discharging load circuit 3 has the function that when needed, the single battery releases redundant electric quantity in the circuit through the discharging load circuit 2, so that adverse effects on the battery are avoided. The second switch module 4 is disposed in a charging loop of the storage battery and used for controlling the charging of the storage battery, the third switch module 5 and the fourth switch module 6 are disposed in a discharging channel connected with the battery and used for controlling the opening and closing of the discharging load circuit 3, and when the first switch module 21, the third switch module 5 and the fourth switch module 6 of a certain single battery are simultaneously turned on, the discharging channel of the single battery is turned on and can discharge through the discharging load circuit 3.
Further, the auxiliary power module further has an active equalization function, and the controller 1 is configured to control the second switch module 4 and the first switch module 21 corresponding to the higher voltage cell to be turned on when detecting that the voltage of the cell meets a preset equalization condition, and charge the whole storage battery pack by using the electricity discharged by the higher voltage cell until the voltages of the cells of the storage battery pack are consistent.
The preset equalization condition may be that the voltage of the single battery is too high, or that the difference between the voltage of the single battery and the average value of the voltages of the single batteries in the storage battery pack is greater than a set threshold, the former concerns the voltage of the single battery itself, and the latter concerns the degree of the difference of the voltages between the single batteries.
The principle of the active voltage equalization is as follows: when the voltage of one single battery in the same small group of batteries is detected to be too high, the first switch module 21 of the equalization unit 2 corresponding to the single battery is opened to discharge the single battery. Meanwhile, the released electricity is boosted by the booster circuit 22 and then used for charging the storage battery pack, or is released by the discharging load circuit 3. In the process, in the cells of the same storage battery pack, the voltage of the single cell with higher voltage is continuously reduced, meanwhile, the voltage of the cell with lower voltage in the storage battery pack is relatively increased because of obtaining additional charge, and finally, the single cell voltages shown by the single cells in the same storage battery pack tend to be consistent, which is the realization principle of the active balancing function of the storage battery detection balancing module.
As illustrated in fig. 1, when the voltage of the battery 1 in the battery pack is high and the voltages of the battery 2 and the battery 3 are relatively low, the battery 1 needs to be discharged at this time, and the battery 2 and the battery 3 need to be charged at the same time, and at this time, the first switch module 21 and the second switch module 4 in the equalization unit 2 corresponding to the battery 1 are controlled to be turned on, so that the discharging of the battery 1 can be realized, and at the same time, the entire battery pack can be charged due to the fact that the second switch module 4 is in the on state. Thus, there is both a discharging and charging process for the battery 1, and since the discharging current is larger than the charging current, the battery 1 is in a discharging state as a whole, and the other batteries are in a charging state.
It can be seen that through online detection, the battery with degradation tendency or relatively behind can be found in time, under the condition that the behind battery is not replaced in time, or when the degradation degree is slight, the over-voltage single battery is discharged in an active equalization mode, meanwhile, the behind battery is charged in a complementary mode, the voltage of each single battery in the storage battery pack is ensured to be consistent, and the phenomenon that partial batteries are overcharged or overdischarged in the storage battery pack connected in series is avoided.
The active equalization on and off thresholds and equalization logic need to be modified or adjusted in real time based on the charge-discharge characteristics of the battery and the state data of the battery pack so that more efficient equalization can be achieved.
Further, the auxiliary power supply device further comprises an alarm module 7 connected with the controller 1, the controller 1 controls the alarm module 7 to alarm when detecting that the voltage of the single battery is abnormal, and the controller 1 can also control the alarm module 7 to alarm when judging that the single battery with abnormal internal resistance exists or control the alarm module 7 to alarm when detecting that the temperature of the single battery is abnormal.
Further, the auxiliary power supply device also has a discharge capacity function. When the storage battery pack is in a floating charge state, the auxiliary power supply device can work in a discharging nuclear capacity mode. In this mode, the controller 1 is configured to control the first switch modules 21 corresponding to the individual cells to be turned on one by one at a lower rate than a normal discharge rate, to realize one-by-one discharge, and to calculate the capacities of the individual cells during the discharge. The amount of electricity released can be processed in two ways, one of which is to charge the whole battery pack, and the other is to open the fourth switch module 6 to discharge by using the discharge load circuit 3 when the rest of the battery cells of the battery pack are full.
The method is characterized in that the method is used for discharging with a discharge rate smaller than the conventional discharge rate, and aims to detect the usability of each single battery in the low-frequency small-current discharge mode, check the real capacity, reduce the influence on the service life of the storage battery pack as much as possible, reduce the influence on the service life of the battery, and adjust the discharge rate when needed so as to save the nuclear capacity time.
Further, each equalization unit 2 comprises a protection circuit 24 for providing overload, overcurrent, overvoltage protection.
Further, the controller 1 may upload monitoring data to the server through RS485 or TCP/IP protocol, where the monitoring data includes battery detection status data, alarm data, functional status, setting amount, and the like. The device supports scale deployment and intelligent operation.
The auxiliary power supply device provided by the application can be used for occasions requiring stored electric quantity such as data centers, mobile communication base stations, electric power centers, energy storage power stations and the like, and particularly has higher requirements on discharge safety and reliability of battery packs. The auxiliary power supply device can avoid the situation that a few of deteriorated batteries in the storage battery pack are tired of the whole battery pack, effectively prolong the service life of the battery pack and improve the use safety.
In summary, the application intelligently starts the voltage balance control of the single batteries in the battery pack according to a certain algorithm and logic by detecting the single battery voltage, the single internal resistance and the single negative pole temperature in real time, discovers the lagging or spoiled single batteries in time and sends out an alarm prompt, if necessary, starts a fault-tolerant spanning mode to span one or a plurality of serious lagging and spoiling single batteries in the battery pack in the past in a discharging loop, and can keep the voltage of the battery pack not to be attenuated in the fault-tolerant spanning mode. Meanwhile, the battery pack has the advantages that the allowable safe discharge rate is adopted for the single battery to discharge among the battery packs to verify the real capacity of the single battery, so that the real electric capacity of a certain single battery in the battery pack can be accurately fed back, the overall usability of the battery pack is improved, and the overall service life and usability of the battery pack are prolonged.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.
Claims (6)
1. An auxiliary power device for improving the usability of a battery pack, the battery pack comprising at least two cells connected in series; the auxiliary power supply device is characterized by comprising a controller and at least two equalization units, wherein the at least two equalization units are connected with the at least two serial single batteries in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
Each equalization unit comprises a first switch module and a boost circuit which are connected with the controller; each boosting circuit is used for boosting the voltage of the corresponding single battery to N times, wherein N is equal to the number of the single batteries contained in the storage battery pack; the boosting circuits are in parallel connection;
When detecting that a single battery fails, the controller controls the first switch module corresponding to the failed single battery to be turned off so as to realize bypass processing of the failed single battery, controls the first switch module corresponding to the non-failed single battery to be turned on so as to boost the boost circuit corresponding to the non-failed single battery, and takes the voltage after boosting of each path of parallel connection as the output voltage of the storage battery;
the auxiliary power supply device also comprises a discharging load circuit and a second switch module for controlling the charging of the storage battery pack;
The controller is used for controlling the second switch module and the first switch module corresponding to the single battery with higher voltage to be turned on when detecting that the voltage of the single battery accords with a preset equalization condition, and charging the whole storage battery by utilizing the electricity discharged by the single battery with higher voltage until the voltages of the single batteries of the storage battery are consistent;
Each of the equalization units includes a protection circuit for providing overload, overcurrent, and overvoltage protection.
2. The auxiliary power unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preset equalization condition includes that the voltage of the unit cell is too high, or that the difference between the voltage of the unit cell and the average value of the voltages of the unit cells in the battery pack is greater than a set threshold.
3. The auxiliary power unit of claim 1, further comprising an alarm module coupled to the controller; and the controller controls the alarm module to alarm when detecting that the voltage of the single battery is abnormal.
4. The auxiliary power unit as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of said equalizing units includes a detection circuit for detecting a discharge current, each detection circuit being connected to said controller;
the controller is also used for controlling each first switch module to be turned on in a preset short time period so as to perform small-current discharge, calculating the internal resistance of each single battery according to the voltage of each single battery and the discharge current detected by each detection circuit, and controlling the alarm module to alarm when judging that the single battery with abnormal internal resistance exists.
5. The auxiliary power supply apparatus as claimed in claim 3, further comprising at least two temperature sensors respectively attached to the cathodes of the respective unit cells and connected to the controller; the controller is also used for controlling the alarm module to alarm when the abnormal temperature of the single battery is detected.
6. The auxiliary power unit of claim 1, wherein the auxiliary power unit is operable in a discharge capacity mode when the battery pack is in a float state; in this mode, the controller is used for controlling the first switch modules corresponding to the single batteries to be turned on one by one at a rate lower than the conventional discharge rate, realizing one-by-one discharge, and calculating the capacity of the single batteries in the discharge process.
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