CN111342548A - Auxiliary power supply device for improving usability of storage battery pack - Google Patents
Auxiliary power supply device for improving usability of storage battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract
The application is applicable to the technical field of power supplies, and provides an auxiliary power supply device for improving the usability of a storage battery pack, wherein the storage battery pack comprises at least two single batteries which are connected in series; the auxiliary power supply device comprises a controller and at least two equalizing units; each balancing unit comprises a first switch module and a booster circuit which are connected with the controller; when the controller detects that the single battery is invalid, the controller performs bypass processing on the invalid single battery and controls to switch on the first switch module corresponding to the non-invalid single battery so as to boost the boost circuit corresponding to the non-invalid single battery, and the boosted voltage of each path in parallel is used as the output voltage of the storage battery. Therefore, when the failed single battery is not replaced in time, the failed single battery is subjected to bypass treatment by adopting the automatic fault-tolerant crossing mode, so that the voltage of the whole storage battery pack is prevented from dropping, the availability of the storage battery pack is improved, and the service life of the whole storage battery pack is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the power, especially, relate to an auxiliary power supply device for promoting storage battery usability.
Background
With the improvement of the intelligent degree of each industry, the dependence on the power supply and the reliability of the power supply is enhanced, and huge loss is caused by power failure. Therefore, energy storage technology or an uninterruptible power supply system (UPS) is provided in high-reliability power utilization fields such as banks, communication, power, medical treatment and the like to improve power supply reliability. However, with the great increase of the usage of the storage battery, including the lead-acid storage battery and the lithium battery, accidents frequently occur in many fields with high reliability requirements.
In addition, the battery itself has some inherent disadvantages: if the batteries need to be used in series, the failure of one battery in the battery pack can cause the failure of the whole battery pack; the battery pack can generate heat rapidly and even burn and explode in extreme cases.
Data has shown that most of the incidents of UPS power system failure are due to battery failure. Therefore, battery performance has become the weakest link in the overall power system. That is to say, the reliability of the storage battery is improved, so that the overall reliability of the power supply system can be greatly improved, and the following storage battery monitoring methods and maintenance current situations are common in the industry:
and monitoring the voltage of the single battery, namely judging the battery with the open-circuit voltage lower than a certain value as a fault battery. In fact, batteries with low voltage are batteries with obvious faults, but since the open circuit voltage of most batteries is almost equal to that of good batteries in the early failure stage, the voltage is rapidly reduced only when the batteries really enter a discharge state, and the situation that the battery faults are late is found, so that the backup batteries cannot guarantee the power supply time. However, this approach has applications where the requirements on power supply reliability are not high due to low cost and technical thresholds.
The performance of the battery can also be evaluated by a check discharge test method based on the condition that the battery can only expose the fault battery in the real discharge state. This method requires a complete charging and discharging process for the entire battery pack to test the actual capacity of the battery. The method can obtain the most authoritative test conclusion and accurately find out the failed battery. But the method has no popularization due to the factors of long test time, high difficulty, incapability of testing on line, shortened battery life in the test process and the like.
Testing the internal resistance of the battery- -because the bad battery cannot be found effectively by monitoring the voltage alone, but is not easy to operate by checking discharge. Therefore, it is common practice to monitor the internal resistance of the battery to determine the degree of battery degradation.
Products based on the monitoring and maintaining methods are also gradually developed towards automation and intellectualization, some products can achieve automatic monitoring, such as prevention, alarming and the like in advance, but still can not completely solve the problems of battery power supply continuity and safety guarantee under the scene of higher safety requirements, and still can prevent accidents by human intervention under the emergency condition of battery faults, such as requiring maintenance personnel to replace alarming batteries in time. The requirements cannot be met for some application scenarios with higher reliability and safety requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present application is how to monitor actual operating state data of a battery pack in real time and provide necessary functional intervention, so as to improve availability and predictability of the battery pack and prolong the overall usable life of the battery pack.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides an auxiliary power supply device for improving the availability of a storage battery pack, where the storage battery pack includes at least two single cells connected in series; the auxiliary power supply device comprises a controller and at least two balancing units, and the at least two balancing units are connected with the at least two serially connected single batteries in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
each equalizing unit comprises a first switch module and a booster circuit which are connected with the controller; each boosting circuit is used for boosting the voltage of the corresponding single battery to N times, wherein N is equal to the number of the single batteries contained in the storage battery pack; moreover, the boosting circuits are connected in parallel;
when detecting that the single battery is invalid, the controller controls the first switch module corresponding to the invalid single battery to be switched off to realize bypass processing of the invalid single battery, controls the first switch module corresponding to the non-invalid single battery to be switched on to enable the booster circuit corresponding to the non-invalid single battery to be boosted, and takes the boosted voltage of each path in parallel as the output voltage of the storage battery.
According to the embodiment of the application, whether each single battery is invalid or not is detected on line, and when the single battery is invalid, the first switch module corresponding to the non-invalid single battery is controlled to be switched on, so that the booster circuit corresponding to the non-invalid single battery is boosted, and the voltage obtained after boosting in parallel is used as the output voltage of the storage battery. Therefore, when the failed single battery is not replaced in time, the failed single battery is bypassed by adopting the automatic fault-tolerant spanning mode, so that the voltage of the whole storage battery pack is prevented from dropping, the storage battery pack is allowed to still normally work under the condition that part of the batteries in the storage battery pack fail, the availability of the storage battery pack is improved, and the service life of the whole storage battery pack is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of an auxiliary power supply device for improving the usability of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, the auxiliary power supply device provided in the embodiment of the present application is used to improve the usability of a battery pack, where the battery pack includes at least two single cells connected in series, and the single cell is illustrated in fig. 1 as three single cells connected in series, where the single cell may be a lead-acid battery or a lithium battery.
In the actual use process, the voltage grade of the single battery needs to be distinguished to be 2V or 12V, battery grouping is planned according to the number of the whole storage battery pack, the number of the single batteries of each storage battery pack is determined, the minimum number of the storage battery pack is 2, the maximum number is theoretically unlimited but limited by influence factors such as battery connecting line distance and circuit efficiency, and according to test data, the number of the single batteries of the storage battery pack is not recommended to be larger than 12 single batteries. The single battery can also be a battery pack composed of a plurality of batteries, for example, a 12V battery pack is formed by connecting 6 batteries with 2V batteries in series.
The auxiliary power supply device comprises a controller 1 and at least two equalizing units 2, wherein the at least two equalizing units 2 are connected with at least two single batteries connected in series in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
Each equalizing unit 2 comprises a first switch module 21 and a booster circuit 22, the first switch module 21 is connected with the controller 1, and the controller 1 controls the on-off of the first switch module 21. Each of the boosting circuits 22 is configured to boost a voltage of a corresponding cell to N times, where N is equal to the number of cells included in the battery pack, N is 3 in the auxiliary power supply apparatus illustrated in fig. 1, and the boosting circuits 22 are connected in parallel.
Further, each equalizing unit 2 may further include a detection circuit 23, and each detection circuit 23 is connected to the controller 1.
Some online monitoring functions can be realized through the controller 1 and the detection circuit 23, which mainly include voltage detection of the single battery, internal resistance detection of the single battery, and temperature detection of the single battery, and are respectively as follows:
the voltage detection for the single battery, the controller 1 is configured to detect voltages of the single batteries and determine whether there is an overcharged or overdischarged single battery, specifically, a battery overcharge voltage reference value and a battery overdischarge voltage reference value may be built in the controller 1, and the controller 1 may determine whether there is an over-high voltage condition by comparing the detected voltages of the single batteries with the two reference values.
The detection circuit 23 is configured to detect the discharge current, and specifically, may be configured to periodically check the internal resistance, and when the internal resistance needs to be detected, the controller 1 is further configured to control each first switch module 21 to be turned on within a preset short time period to perform low-current discharge, and calculate the internal resistance of each cell according to the discharge current detected by each detection circuit 23 and the voltage of each cell. The controller 1 detects the discharge current in the low-current discharge process of a certain single battery, and calculates the online monitoring of the internal resistance value of the single battery through the internal resistance algorithm, so as to be helpful for finding the single battery with cracking tendency, for example, when the change rate of the internal resistance of a certain single battery compared with the reference internal resistance value is found to be more than 50%, the single battery is considered to have cracking tendency. The discharge current can be detected by a hall sensor, and the measurement unit of the internal resistance value is generally milliohm (m Ω).
And detecting the temperature of the single battery, wherein the auxiliary power supply device also comprises at least two temperature sensors which are respectively attached to the negative pole of each single battery and connected with the controller 1. The controller 1 can find some unforeseen emergency or error in the installation and use process of the single battery in time through temperature detection, for example, if the temperature alarm threshold is 3 degrees centigrade, when the temperature of a certain single battery is obviously higher than that of other single batteries or higher than 3 degrees centigrade, the sudden situation is considered to be present, and alarm is given.
When detecting that a single battery fails (for example, voltage abnormality, internal resistance abnormality, temperature abnormality, etc.), the controller 1 controls the first switch module 21 corresponding to the failed single battery to be turned off to bypass the failed single battery, and controls the first switch module 21 corresponding to the non-failed single battery to be turned on to boost the boost circuit 22 corresponding to the non-failed single battery, and the boosted voltages of the parallel paths are used as the output voltage of the storage battery pack.
This function is equivalent to a "fault tolerant crossover," i.e., a crossing of a failed cell. As can be seen from fig. 1, a voltage boosting circuit 22 is hung behind each single battery, and the voltage boosting circuit 22 is used for boosting the voltage of each single battery to a voltage consistent with the voltage of the storage battery pack, so that in the most extreme case, the voltage boosting circuits 22 of all the single batteries are connected in parallel. Even if only one single battery in the whole storage battery pack is good, after passing through the booster circuit 22 corresponding to the single battery, the voltage at the two ends of the storage battery pack can still be ensured to be consistent with that of all the single batteries when the single batteries are normal.
Therefore, when each single battery is monitored on line, if a certain section or a certain part of batteries in the battery pack is found to be invalid, and when the invalid single battery is not replaced in time, the device adopts an automatic fault-tolerant crossing mode, and bypasses the invalid single battery, so that the voltage of the whole storage battery pack can be prevented from dropping.
The function of crossing the fault tolerance of the storage battery pack changes the single form of the pure series connection and discharge of the storage battery pack, realizes the fault tolerance function of the fault battery in the storage battery pack through the discharge form of the combination of series connection and parallel connection, and allows the storage battery pack to still normally work under the condition that part of the batteries fail.
Further, the auxiliary power supply device further comprises a discharging load circuit 3, a second switch module 4, a third switch module 5 and a fourth switch module 6, wherein the discharging load circuit 3 is used for releasing redundant electric quantity in the circuit through the discharging load circuit 2 when needed, and therefore adverse effects on the battery are avoided. The second switch module 4 is deployed in a charging loop of the storage battery pack and used for controlling the storage battery pack to be charged, the third switch module 5 and the fourth switch module 6 are deployed in a discharging channel connected with the battery and used for controlling the discharging load circuit 3 to be opened and closed together, when the first switch module 21, the third switch module 5 and the fourth switch module 6 of a certain single battery are simultaneously turned on, the discharging channel of the single battery is turned on, and discharging can be carried out through the discharging load circuit 3.
Further, the auxiliary power module has an active equalization function, and the controller 1 is configured to control the second switch module 4 and the first switch module 21 corresponding to the single battery with higher voltage to be turned on when it is detected that the voltage of the single battery meets a preset equalization condition, and charge the entire storage battery pack using the electricity discharged by the single battery with higher voltage until the voltages of the single batteries of the storage battery pack are consistent.
The preset equalization condition may be that the voltage of the single battery is too high, or that the difference between the voltage of the single battery and the average voltage value of each single battery in the storage battery pack is greater than a set threshold, where the former focuses on the voltage of the single battery itself, and the latter focuses on the degree of the voltage difference between the single batteries.
The principle of voltage active equalization is as follows: when the voltage of a certain single battery in the same group of batteries is detected to be too high, the first switch module 21 of the equalizing unit 2 corresponding to the single battery is turned on, so that the single battery is discharged. Meanwhile, the released electricity is boosted by the booster circuit 22 and then used for charging the storage battery pack, or is released through the discharging load circuit 3. In the process, the voltage of the single battery with higher voltage in the battery of the same storage battery pack is continuously reduced, and meanwhile, the voltage of the battery with lower voltage in the storage battery pack is relatively improved due to the fact that extra charging is obtained, so that the single voltages expressed by the single batteries in the same storage battery pack are finally consistent, and the principle for realizing the active equalization function of the storage battery detection equalization module is realized.
As illustrated in fig. 1, when the voltage of the battery 1 in the battery pack is high and the voltages of the battery 2 and the battery 3 are relatively low, the battery 1 needs to be discharged at this time, and the battery 2 and the battery 3 are charged at the same time, at this time, the first switch module 21 and the second switch module 4 in the equalizing unit 2 corresponding to the battery 1 are controlled to be turned on, so that the discharge of the battery 1 can be realized, and meanwhile, the entire battery pack can be charged because the second switch module 4 is in an on state. Thus, there are both discharge and charge processes for the battery 1, since the discharge current is greater than the charge current and therefore is in the discharge state as a whole, the other batteries being in the charge state.
It can be seen that through on-line detection, batteries with deterioration tendency or relatively lagging behind can be found in time, under the condition that the lagging behind batteries are not replaced in time or the deterioration degree is slight, the overvoltage single batteries are discharged in an active equalization mode, meanwhile, the lagging behind batteries are replenished and charged, the voltage of each single battery in the storage battery pack is kept consistent, and the phenomenon of overcharge or overdischarge of part of existing batteries in the storage battery pack connected in series is avoided.
The starting and ending thresholds and the balancing logic of the active balancing need to be corrected or adjusted in real time according to the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery and the state data of the battery pack, so that the balancing can be more effectively carried out.
Further, the auxiliary power supply device further comprises an alarm module 7 connected with the controller 1, the controller 1 controls the alarm module 7 to alarm when detecting that the voltage of the single battery is abnormal, and the controller 1 may also control the alarm module 7 to alarm when judging that the single battery with abnormal internal resistance exists, or control the alarm module 7 to alarm when detecting that the temperature of the single battery is abnormal.
Furthermore, the auxiliary power supply device also has a discharge capacity checking function. When the storage battery pack is in a floating state, the auxiliary power supply device can work in a discharge capacity-checking mode. In this mode, the controller 1 is configured to control the first switch modules 21 corresponding to the single batteries one by one at a rate lower than a conventional discharge rate, so as to achieve one-by-one discharge, and calculate the capacities of the single batteries during the discharge process. The released electric quantity can be processed through two ways, wherein one way is to charge the whole storage battery pack, and the other way is to open the fourth switch module 6 to discharge by using the discharge load circuit 3 when the rest single batteries of the storage battery pack are fully charged.
The method is characterized in that the discharge rate is smaller than the conventional discharge rate, the usability of each single battery is detected through the low-frequency low-current discharge mode, the influence on the service life of the storage battery pack is reduced as much as possible while the real capacity is determined, the influence on the service life of the battery is reduced, and the discharge rate can be adjusted to save the capacity checking time when needed.
Further, each equalizing unit 2 comprises a protection circuit 24 for providing overload, overcurrent, overvoltage protection.
Further, the controller 1 may also upload monitoring data to the server via RS485 or TCP/IP protocol, where the monitoring data includes battery detection status data, alarm data, function status, setting amount, and the like. The device supports scale deployment and intelligent operation.
The auxiliary power supply device provided by the application can be used in data centers, mobile communication base stations, power centers, energy storage power stations and other scenes needing to store electric quantity, and especially in scenes with high requirements on discharging safety and reliability of battery packs. The auxiliary power supply device can avoid the condition that a small number of deteriorated batteries in the storage battery pack drag the whole battery pack, effectively prolong the service life of the battery pack and improve the use safety.
In summary, the present application intelligently starts the cell voltage balance control in the battery pack according to a certain algorithm and logic by detecting the cell voltage, the cell internal resistance and the cell cathode terminal temperature in real time, finds out the lagged or failed cell in time and sends out an alarm prompt, starts the fault-tolerant spanning mode if necessary to span a certain section or a plurality of sections of seriously lagged and failed cells in the battery pack in the discharge loop, and can keep the voltage of the battery pack not to be attenuated in the fault-tolerant spanning mode. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages that the allowable safe discharge multiplying power is adopted for discharging between the battery packs aiming at the single battery so as to determine the real capacity of the single battery pack, so that the real capacity of a certain single battery in the storage battery pack can be accurately fed back, the integral availability of the storage battery pack is improved, and the integral available life and the availability of the storage battery pack are prolonged.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An auxiliary power supply device for improving the availability of a storage battery pack, wherein the storage battery pack comprises at least two single batteries connected in series; the auxiliary power supply device is characterized by comprising a controller and at least two balancing units, wherein the at least two balancing units are connected with the at least two single batteries connected in series in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
each equalizing unit comprises a first switch module and a booster circuit which are connected with the controller; each boosting circuit is used for boosting the voltage of the corresponding single battery to N times, wherein N is equal to the number of the single batteries contained in the storage battery pack; moreover, the boosting circuits are connected in parallel;
when detecting that the single battery is invalid, the controller controls the first switch module corresponding to the invalid single battery to be switched off to realize bypass processing of the invalid single battery, controls the first switch module corresponding to the non-invalid single battery to be switched on to enable the booster circuit corresponding to the non-invalid single battery to be boosted, and takes the boosted voltage of each path in parallel as the output voltage of the storage battery.
2. The auxiliary power supply apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said auxiliary power supply apparatus further comprises a discharging load circuit, a second switching module for controlling charging of the secondary battery pack;
the controller is used for controlling the second switch module and the first switch module corresponding to the single battery with higher voltage to be switched on when the voltage of the single battery is detected to accord with the preset equalization condition, and the whole storage battery pack is charged by using the electricity discharged by the single battery with higher voltage until the voltage of each single battery of the storage battery pack is consistent.
3. An auxiliary power supply unit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preset equalization condition includes that the voltage of the single battery is too high, or that the difference between the voltage of the single battery and the average voltage of the single batteries in the battery pack is greater than a set threshold value.
4. The auxiliary power supply apparatus as claimed in claim 2, further comprising an alarm module connected to the controller; and the controller controls the alarm module to alarm when detecting that the voltage of the single battery is abnormal.
5. An auxiliary power supply unit as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of said equalizing units includes a detection circuit for detecting a discharge current, each detection circuit being connected to said controller;
the controller is further used for controlling the first switch modules to be switched on within a preset short time so as to carry out low-current discharge, calculating the internal resistance of each single battery according to the voltage of each single battery and the discharge current detected by each detection circuit, and controlling the alarm module to alarm when the single battery with abnormal internal resistance is judged.
6. An auxiliary power supply unit as claimed in claim 4, further comprising at least two temperature sensors respectively attached to the negative electrodes of the respective unit cells and connected to the controller; the controller is also used for controlling the alarm module to alarm when the temperature of the single battery is detected to be abnormal.
7. The auxiliary power supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said auxiliary power supply apparatus is operable in a discharge-core-capacity mode when the secondary battery is in a float state; in this mode, the controller is configured to control the first switch modules corresponding to the single batteries one by one to turn on at a rate lower than a conventional discharge rate, so as to achieve one-by-one discharge, and calculate the capacities of the single batteries during the discharge process.
8. An auxiliary power supply apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said equalizing units includes a protection circuit for providing overload, overcurrent, overvoltage protection.
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| CN202010281152.9A CN111342548B (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Auxiliary power supply device for improving usability of storage battery pack |
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| CN112003347A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-27 | 中国工商银行股份有限公司 | Control method, system, electronic device, and medium |
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