CN111342328A - Ultrafast fiber laser - Google Patents
Ultrafast fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN111342328A CN111342328A CN202010139650.XA CN202010139650A CN111342328A CN 111342328 A CN111342328 A CN 111342328A CN 202010139650 A CN202010139650 A CN 202010139650A CN 111342328 A CN111342328 A CN 111342328A
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- optical fiber
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06712—Polarising fibre; Polariser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser, and particularly discloses an ultrafast fiber laser which comprises a mode locking optical chip, an optical fiber management module, a polarization maintaining and extending module and a pumping module, wherein the mode locking optical chip, the optical fiber management module and the polarization maintaining and extending module are purchased into a laser resonant cavity. The mode locking optical chip comprises an optical device required by realizing passive mode locking in a laser resonant cavity, the optical fiber management module comprises a gain optical fiber and a nonlinear optical fiber, the mode locking optical chip and the optical fiber management module solve the problem of module consistency through a packaging process, meanwhile, the temperature correlation is reduced, the defect that NPR mode locking is sensitive to external environment change is overcome, ultrafast optical pulses with high pulse energy and narrow pulse width are obtained, the service life is long, the output index is stable, and the working environment temperature range is large. Meanwhile, the polarization maintaining extension module is added, and the repetition frequency of the laser can be adjusted by controlling the length of the polarization maintaining optical fiber under the condition of not influencing mode locking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, in particular to an ultrafast fiber laser.
Background
In recent years, fiber lasers have been greatly developed because of their advantages such as miniaturization, high efficiency, low cost, and small environmental dependence, and have become the mainstream direction in the laser field. Ultrafast (picosecond, femtosecond) fiber laser is one of the most popular leading research subjects in the laser field, and has wide application in the fields of ultrafast dynamics, biological medicine, high-speed optical communication, precision micromachining and the like.
Ultrafast optical pulse is realized by mode locking. The mode locking technology comprises active mode locking and passive mode locking, wherein the active mode locking is realized by adding a control unit (such as an acousto-optic modulator) in a resonant cavity of a laser, and the mode locking mode can only realize nanosecond optical pulse generally; the passive mode locking is a technical means for realizing ultrafast optical pulse, and the main passive mode locking modes include 3 modes, namely semiconductor saturable absorption mirror mode locking, nonlinear polarization rotation mode locking and nonlinear amplification optical fiber loop mirror mode locking.
1. A Semiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror (SESAM) mode-locked fiber laser realizes passive modulation of laser pulses by inserting a Saturable Absorber in a resonant cavity. The saturable absorber has the characteristic of selective transmission of power, when an optical pulse passes through the saturable absorber, the absorber is saturated when the light intensity is high, the absorption rate is low, the absorber is not saturated when the light intensity is low, the absorption rate is high, the absorption rate is low, and therefore the loss experienced by the front edge and the rear edge of the pulse is large, the loss experienced by the center of the pulse is small, the pulse is compressed, and stable ultrafast optical pulse output is formed in a circulating mode for many times.
2. When an optical pulse is transmitted in an optical fiber, due to the effects of fiber birefringence, self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM), the Polarization state of each point on the pulse changes and rotates, but the change mode and the Rotation angle are related to the light intensity of each point at different moments of the pulse; therefore, before the pulse reaches the polarization sensitive isolator, the polarization state of the center of the pulse is greatly different from the polarization state of the other positions, the polarization controller is adjusted to enable the polarization state of the center part of the pulse to be consistent with the polarization direction of the polarization sensitive isolator, so that the transmittance of the center of the pulse is far higher than that of the other parts, an equivalent fast saturable absorber mechanism is formed, the laser pulse is periodically compressed, and stable ultrafast optical pulse output is formed in a circulating mode for multiple times. A typical optical path of a Nonlinear Amplifying Loop Mirror (NALM) mode-locked fiber laser, a fiber sagnac Loop with a fiber amplifier is commonly referred to as NALM. Due to the asymmetric position of the optical fiber amplifier in the sagnac loop, after the pulse enters the NALM through the 3dB coupler, the light transmitted in the clockwise direction is amplified firstly and then is transmitted through the optical fiber; light transmitted in the counterclockwise direction undergoes transmission first and then passes through the fiber amplifier. The two columns of light are coherently superposed again in the coupler, each with a different phase delay. But this phase delay difference varies with the power of the incident light and directly affects the transmittance of the NALM. The polarization controller in the Sagnac loop is adjusted to enable the transmittance at the center of the incident pulse to be high, and the transmittances of the front edge and the rear edge to be greatly reduced, so that the pulse is narrowed.
At present, in passive mode-locked ultrafast fiber laser, the most applied mode locking modes are SESAM mode locking and NPR mode locking.
The SESAM mode locking mode can realize a full polarization-maintaining optical path, can automatically start the mode locking and has good stability, thereby being the most mainstream mode locking mode at present. But is limited by the low damage threshold of the material, the inability to achieve high pulse energy, the difficulty in achieving long-life operation, and the difficulty in achieving narrower pulse widths.
The NPR mode locking mode has the characteristics of high response speed, insensitive wavelength and high damage threshold, and has the advantages of narrow pulse width, high pulse energy and long service life. However, the mode locking mode is very sensitive to the change of the external environment, such as temperature change and optical fiber stress change, which can cause the laser to lose the mode locking state. Therefore, an ultrafast fiber laser is required to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrafast fiber laser to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an ultrafast fiber laser comprises a mode locking optical chip, an optical fiber management module, a polarization maintaining and extending module and a pumping module;
the optical fiber management module is welded with the mode locking optical chip, the polarization maintaining and extending module is welded with the mode locking optical chip, and the pumping module is welded with the mode locking optical chip;
according to the technical scheme, the mode locking optical chip, the optical fiber management module and the polarization maintaining and extending module form a resonant cavity of the laser, the pumping module outputs a pumping optical signal, the pumping optical signal is input into the resonant cavity and acts on the gain optical fiber, signal light is generated in the resonant cavity, and the signal light is amplified and mode locked in the resonant cavity to output an ultrafast optical signal;
the NPR mode locking mode has the characteristics of high response speed, insensitive wavelength and high damage threshold, has narrow pulse width, high pulse energy and long service life, but is very sensitive to the change of the external environment, particularly the change of temperature and stress, and the mode locking optical chip and the optical fiber management module in the technical scheme solve the problem that the NPR mode locking mode is sensitive to the change of the external environment;
according to the technical scheme, the mode locking optical chip comprises an optical device required by realizing passive mode locking in a laser resonant cavity, is formed by adopting a mature packaging technology in the field of optical communication and packaging according to index requirements required by mode locking and is used for improving consistency and reducing temperature correlation;
according to the technical scheme, the optical fiber management module comprises a gain optical fiber and a nonlinear optical fiber, wherein the gain optical fiber and the nonlinear optical fiber are wound in a plane without distortion or intersection in the optical fiber management module, and the optical fiber management module can accurately manage the main shaft angle and birefringence of the optical fiber in the module and is used for improving consistency and reducing temperature dependence;
in an NPR mode locking mode, environmental temperature change and optical fiber stress change both influence the mode locking state, possibly cause the laser to lose the mode locking state, and a mode locking optical chip and an optical fiber management module can effectively keep the consistency of the internal stress of a laser resonant cavity and reduce the temperature correlation of the laser, so that the laser can stably work for a long time in a large temperature range;
according to the technical scheme, the polarization maintaining and extending module comprises a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the polarization maintaining optical fiber is in contact connection with the polarization maintaining and extending module, the length of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is controlled, and the repetition frequency of the laser can be adjusted under the condition that mode locking is not influenced;
according to the technical scheme, the pumping module is a pumping light input end and is used for inputting a pumping light source into the resonant cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the mode locking optical chip and the optical fiber management module can effectively keep the consistency of the internal stress of the resonant cavity of the laser, reduce the temperature correlation of the laser, solve the problem that an NPR mode locking mode is sensitive to the change of an external environment, and ensure that the laser can stably work for a long time in a large temperature range;
2. by controlling the length of the polarization maintaining fiber in the polarization maintaining extension module, the repetition frequency of the laser can be adjusted under the condition of not influencing mode locking.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an ultrafast fiber laser according to the present invention;
reference numbers in the figures: 1. a mode-locked optical chip; 2. a fiber management module; 3. a polarization maintaining extension module; 4. a pumping module.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1, the ultrafast fiber laser includes a mode-locked fiber chip 1, a fiber management module 2, a polarization maintaining extension module 3, and a pumping module 4.
The mode-locking optical chip is packaged with optical devices such as a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), a polarization-dependent isolation wall (PDI), a polarization controller and the like, is connected with the outside through a tail fiber, and is fixed inside the optical chip according to the angle and the position required by the design through an accurate packaging process;
the optical fiber management module is internally provided with a gain optical fiber and a nonlinear optical fiber which are connected in a fusion mode, the optical fibers are wound in the same plane without distortion and intersection through a full-automatic fiber winding process, and the equivalent main shaft of the optical fiber is consistent with double refraction;
a polarization maintaining optical fiber is fixed in the polarization maintaining extension module, and the length of the polarization maintaining optical fiber is controlled to adjust the repetition frequency of the laser;
the pumping module is used for providing pumping light, and adopts a purchased pumping and a self-made pumping driving circuit;
the optical fiber management module 2 is welded with the mode locking optical chip 1, the polarization maintaining extension module 3 is welded with the mode locking optical chip 1, and the pumping module 4 is welded with the mode locking optical chip 1.
Mode locking optical chip 1 can manage the required optical device of mode locking, and fiber management module 2 manages gain optical fiber and nonlinear optical fiber, and polarization maintaining extension module 3 manages polarization maintaining optical fiber length, adopts the fixed mode of butt fusion to ensure the stability of its connection simultaneously.
The laser mainly comprises a gain medium, a resonant cavity and a pumping source. In the patent of the invention, the gain medium refers to a gain optical fiber in an optical fiber management module, the mode locking optical chip and the polarization maintaining and extending module are combined to form a resonant cavity, and the pumping module provides a pumping source. The gain medium realizes population inversion under the action of a pumping source, signal light is generated through spontaneous radiation and stimulated radiation, the signal light selects required signal light under the frequency selection effect of the resonant cavity, the required signal light is transmitted back and forth in the resonant cavity for multiple times, the signal light is amplified through the gain medium in a stimulated radiation mode for multiple times, and stable signal light output is formed after a threshold condition is reached, namely laser. Under the condition of no mode locking effect, the output laser is continuous light, and the mode locking optical chip in the patent is used for realizing mode locking of the laser, so that all modes running in the laser are locked in phase, and ultrafast laser output is formed.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. An ultrafast fiber laser, characterized by: the ultrafast fiber laser comprises a mode locking optical chip (1), an optical fiber management module (2), a polarization maintaining extension module (3) and a pumping module (4).
The optical fiber management module (2) is welded with the mode locking optical chip (1), the polarization maintaining extension module (3) is welded with the mode locking optical chip (1), and the pumping module (4) is welded with the mode locking optical chip (1).
2. An ultrafast fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mode locking optical chip (1), the optical fiber management module (2) and the polarization maintaining and extending module (3) form a resonant cavity of the laser.
3. An ultrafast fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the mode locking optical chip (1) comprises an optical device required by realizing passive mode locking in a laser resonant cavity, adopts a mature packaging technology in the field of optical communication, is packaged according to index requirements required by mode locking, and is used for improving consistency and reducing temperature correlation.
4. An ultrafast fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber management module (2) comprises a gain optical fiber and a nonlinear optical fiber, the gain optical fiber and the nonlinear optical fiber are in contact connection with the optical fiber management module, the gain optical fiber and the nonlinear optical fiber are wound in a plane without distortion and intersection in the optical fiber management module (2), and the optical fiber management module (2) accurately manages the spindle angle and birefringence of the optical fiber and is used for improving consistency and reducing temperature dependence.
5. An ultrafast fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber management module (2) is used for providing optical signal amplification and nonlinear phase shift required by mode locking.
6. An ultrafast fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polarization maintaining extension module (3) comprises a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the polarization maintaining optical fiber is in contact connection with the polarization maintaining extension module (3), and the repetition frequency of the laser can be adjusted under the condition of not influencing mode locking by controlling the length of the polarization maintaining optical fiber.
7. An ultrafast fiber laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pumping module (4) is a pumping light input end of the laser and is used for inputting a pumping light source into the resonant cavity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010139650.XA CN111342328A (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | Ultrafast fiber laser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010139650.XA CN111342328A (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | Ultrafast fiber laser |
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| CN111342328A true CN111342328A (en) | 2020-06-26 |
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| CN202010139650.XA Withdrawn CN111342328A (en) | 2020-03-03 | 2020-03-03 | Ultrafast fiber laser |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060182153A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Jian Liu | Electronically tuned self-starting polarization shaping mode locked fiber laser |
| CN101483307A (en) * | 2009-02-03 | 2009-07-15 | 江西师范大学 | Polarization related outputting multiple wavelength and passive mode locking optical fiber laser |
| CN103647206A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-03-19 | 华南理工大学 | All-fiber mode-locked laser with high repetition frequency |
| CN205657308U (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-10-19 | 光越科技(深圳)有限公司 | Based on full polarization maintaining fiber mode locking laser source of 8 font cavity configurations |
| CN108628058A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-10-09 | 宁波大学 | Infrared super continuum source during a kind of on piece is integrated |
| CN110350387A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-18 | 雷小权 | A kind of full polarization fibre mode-locked laser of the high single pulse energy of low-repetition-frequency |
| CN110649452A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-power wavelength-adjustable all-fiber nanosecond pulse laser and system |
-
2020
- 2020-03-03 CN CN202010139650.XA patent/CN111342328A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060182153A1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2006-08-17 | Jian Liu | Electronically tuned self-starting polarization shaping mode locked fiber laser |
| CN101483307A (en) * | 2009-02-03 | 2009-07-15 | 江西师范大学 | Polarization related outputting multiple wavelength and passive mode locking optical fiber laser |
| CN103647206A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-03-19 | 华南理工大学 | All-fiber mode-locked laser with high repetition frequency |
| CN205657308U (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-10-19 | 光越科技(深圳)有限公司 | Based on full polarization maintaining fiber mode locking laser source of 8 font cavity configurations |
| CN110350387A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-18 | 雷小权 | A kind of full polarization fibre mode-locked laser of the high single pulse energy of low-repetition-frequency |
| CN108628058A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-10-09 | 宁波大学 | Infrared super continuum source during a kind of on piece is integrated |
| CN110649452A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-power wavelength-adjustable all-fiber nanosecond pulse laser and system |
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Application publication date: 20200626 |
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