CN111334642B - Smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel - Google Patents
Smelting and casting method of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111334642B CN111334642B CN202010169098.9A CN202010169098A CN111334642B CN 111334642 B CN111334642 B CN 111334642B CN 202010169098 A CN202010169098 A CN 202010169098A CN 111334642 B CN111334642 B CN 111334642B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a smelting and pouring method of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel, which comprises the following steps: smelting raw materials such as scrap steel, pig iron and the like by an electric furnace to obtain primary molten steel; refining the primarily refined molten steel in an LF furnace to obtain refined molten steel; vacuum degassing the refined molten steel in a VD furnace to obtain vacuum degassed molten steel; carrying out soft argon blowing treatment on the molten steel subjected to vacuum degassing through an argon blowing table to obtain molten steel subjected to soft argon blowing treatment; and carrying out continuous casting and pouring on the molten steel subjected to the soft argon blowing treatment, and using argon for protection and pouring in the whole process to prevent secondary oxidation of the molten steel. The design of the invention advances the ferro-sulphur alloy to be added when the steel is discharged from the electric furnace, improves the stability of controlling sulphur in the steel, increases the original nitrogen retention content in the steel before VD through slag adjustment in the refining process, and uses nitrogen to replace argon to stir the molten steel in the VD vacuum treatment process, and a series of measures accelerate the formation and the stability of MnS and AlN, and are beneficial to improving the castability of the sulphur-containing and nitrogen-containing steel billet and the surface quality of the casting blank.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to smelting of iron-based molten steel, in particular to a method for smelting and pouring sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel.
Background
The sulfur-containing steel has wide application due to good machinability, and along with the development of the mechanical machining industry towards high precision, the requirements on the efficiency and the precision of part cutting are continuously improved, so that higher requirements are provided for the machinability of steel. The sulfur-containing steel belongs to special steel, the production difficulty is high, the production of the sulfur-containing steel in China is mainly concentrated in special steel enterprises, only a few steel enterprises can realize stable production due to the incomplete sulfur control process, in addition, the molten steel of the sulfur-containing steel is easy to generate the nodulation phenomenon at a tundish nozzle in the continuous casting and pouring process, the castability of the molten steel is poor, and a casting blank with stable surface quality cannot be obtained.
In order to satisfy partial mechanical properties of sulfur-containing steel, a proper amount of nitrogen is often added to the steel, and the nitrogen combines with alloying elements such as [ Al ] and [ Ti ] in the steel to form nitrides, and the nitrides are taken as precipitates, and are pinned at grain boundaries to play a role in inhibiting coarsening of crystal grains, thereby enhancing the toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the steel.
The general process flow of molten steel smelting comprises the following steps: converter or electric furnace primary smelting, LF refining, VD vacuum degassing and casting into blank. For smelting of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel, the traditional method is to feed a sulfur line to adjust the sulfur content in the later stage of an LF furnace or a VD furnace, and then feed a large amount of nitrogen lines to adjust the nitrogen content after VD is broken. The method is influenced by the slag alkalinity and deoxidation condition of the liquid level of the molten steel, the fluctuation of the yield of the sulfur line is large, the sulfur content in the molten steel is unstable, the yield of nitrogen is difficult to ensure by feeding a large amount of nitrogen lines, the accurate control of the content is difficult to realize, and in addition, the violent turning of the molten steel is caused by the large amount of feed line supplement in VD, which is not beneficial to obtaining pure molten steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a smelting method of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel aiming at the prior art and aims to improve the yield of sulfur and nitrogen in the molten steel and accurately adjust the content of the sulfur and nitrogen.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: the application relates to smelting and stable pouring of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of primary smelting of molten steel, refining in an LF furnace, vacuum degassing in a VD furnace, soft argon blowing treatment and casting to form a blank. The key skills or techniques in these steps are detailed below:
(1) primary smelting of molten steel: mixing and smelting the iron-based lump materials and molten iron to obtain molten iron, smelting the molten iron by using an electric furnace, drying the raw materials before the raw materials are put into the furnace, reserving steel in the furnace, reserving slag, and paving lime on the bottom of the furnace to make foamed slag in advance. After primary smelting is finished, steel is placed into a steel ladle, and during steel placement: adding an aluminum block into a ladle along the steel flow before the steel discharge amount reaches 10 tons to pre-deoxidize the molten steel, adding other element alloys and slag materials required by the molten steel along the steel flow when the steel discharge amount reaches more than 15 tons, and adding a ferrosulfur alloy, wherein the adding amount of the ferrosulfur alloy meets the upper limit of the molten steel on the full recovery of the molten steel, namely, the S in the molten steel reaches the maximum value of the recovery of the molten steel.
Preferably, good argon stirring in the ladle is ensured during the steel discharge process of the electric furnace, and the argon flow is 100-.
Preferably, the slag added in the steel tapping process comprises lime, refining slag and fluorite so as to carry out refining deoxidation and absorb inclusions
(2) Refining in an LF furnace: the key point in the refining process is to utilize Si-containing deoxidizer and fluorite to reduce the alkalinity of the slag to be lower than 3.5 and improve the fluidity of the slag, so that the nitrogen retention of the molten steel before the molten steel enters a VD furnace (namely N naturally existing in the molten steel during molten steel smelting) can be increased, and the research on the dynamics of the influence of active elements [% S ] in a melt on nitrogen dissolution finds that when [% S ] is low, the dynamic reaction characteristic of nitrogen dissolution is apparent first grade, and the mass transfer of nitrogen atoms in the melt is a speed control link; when [% S ] is high, the kinetic reaction characteristic of nitrogen dissolution is apparent in the second order, and the interface reaction is a rate control link. The lower slag alkalinity is also beneficial to reducing the refining desulfurization rate, improving the stability of the [ S ] content in the molten steel and facilitating the accurate control of the sulfur content, so that the dynamic reaction for dissolving N in the molten steel is in an apparent second-level mode, namely, the interface reaction is a speed control link, the loss of N can be reduced by controlling the higher sulfur content during the refining of the LF furnace, in addition, the denitrification speed can be further reduced during the vacuumizing of the VD furnace, the nitrogen yield is improved, the adjustment amount of the nitrogen content after the VD procedure is reduced, and the method is stable. And in the later stage of refining, ferrosulfur is added to adjust the sulfur content to the target smelting value of sulfur.
Specifically, the basicity of the slag in LF furnace refining is lower than 3.5, and the slag is directly in a glass slag state.
Preferably, the Si deoxidizer used in LF furnace refining is one or more selected from silicon 70, silicon carbide, ferro-silico-manganese and ferro-silicon.
Preferably, during LF furnace refining, a deoxidizer (preferably a mixture of Si deoxidizer and aluminum deoxidizer, added in batches) is adopted in the early stage of refining for refining deoxidation, and a proper amount of Al wire is fed for deep deoxidation after the slag turns yellow and white.
(3) Vacuum degassing in a VD furnace: and (2) degassing the refined molten steel in vacuum in a VD furnace, wherein the ultimate vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Pa, the ultimate vacuum retention time is more than or equal to 5min, blowing nitrogen from the bottom of a steel ladle to replace argon gas for stirring in the vacuum treatment process, and stirring to improve and stabilize the nitrogen content in the molten steel, wherein surface active substances are preferentially gathered on the surface of the melt and occupy active points on the surface of the melt, so that the surface active area capable of adsorbing nitrogen atoms is reduced, and the discharge of nitrogen can be weakened. [ S ] is used as a main surface active element, and occupies vacancy removed by interface nitrogen, so that the interface chemical reaction is influenced, and denitrification is hindered. Therefore, in the vacuum treatment process of the high-sulfur steel, nitrogen stirring is used for replacing argon stirring, so that the nitrogen content in the molten steel can be obviously improved. After VD is broken, feeding a calcium-silicon line into the molten steel for calcium treatment to denature the inclusions, finally sampling and analyzing the nitrogen and sulfur contents in the molten steel, and feeding a nitrogen line and a sulfur line as the case may be for fine adjustment of nitrogen and sulfur components;
(4) soft argon blowing treatment: and carrying out soft argon blowing treatment on the molten steel subjected to vacuum degassing for more than or equal to 10min to further float and remove impurities in the molten steel, wherein during the soft argon blowing treatment, the steel slag surface is kept slightly fluctuated in the process, and the molten steel is not exposed because the slag surface cannot be blown open. And performing soft argon blowing treatment to obtain molten steel with stable sulfur and nitrogen contents.
(5) The method is characterized in that before the tundish is baked and cast, argon is filled in the tundish for protection, during casting, an argon sealing device is adopted for a large ladle sleeve, the flow of argon is 15-30NL/min, air suction of molten steel in the casting process is avoided, secondary oxidation of the molten steel is reduced, the increase of inclusion and gas content in the steel is controlled, and the purity of the steel is improved.
According to the smelting method of the sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel, excessive sulfur-iron alloy is added into the steel discharged from the electric furnace in advance, the stability of [ S ] control in the steel is improved, the original nitrogen content in the steel before VD is added is increased through slag adjustment in the refining process, nitrogen replaces argon to stir the molten steel in the VD vacuum treatment process, and the formation and the stability of MnS and AlN are accelerated through a series of measures, so that the castability of the steel and the surface quality of a casting blank are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the smelting and pouring of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings, which are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The smelting and pouring method of the sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel related to the embodiment is shown in a process flow chart shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following operations:
step (1): the raw materials of scrap steel, pig iron and the like are produced and smelted by an electric furnace (EBT) to obtain primary molten steel. Specifically, 30-35 tons of waste steel is fed into an electric furnace (EBT), 10-13 tons of pig iron are added to ensure the carbon distribution amount in the furnace, the waste steel entering the furnace is selected, the content of residual elements is controlled, and the raw materials are ensured to be dry and free of impurities. Before feeding, steel and slag are left in the furnace, lime is laid on the bottom of the furnace so as to make foamed slag in advance. Smelting in an electric furnace, discharging steel after the conditions of carbon, phosphorus, temperature and the like at the end point of molten steel meet the steel discharge requirement, pre-deoxidizing by using 20-40 kg of aluminum blocks, and adding the steel into a steel ladle along the steel flow when the steel discharge amount is more than or equal to 10 tons; the steel discharge amount is more than or equal to 15 tons, alloy block materials and slag materials (the slag materials comprise lime, refining slag, fluorite and the like and have the functions of refining deoxidation and removing impurities) of required alloy elements are added along the steel flow, and ferrosulfur alloy (can be understood as S saturation in the molten steel) is added according to the upper limit value of the molten steel on sulfur recovery; and ensuring good argon stirring in the ladle in the process of discharging steel from the electric furnace, and controlling the flow of the argon at 100-160 NL/min.
Step (2): and deoxidizing the primarily smelted molten steel in an LF furnace, heating and alloying to obtain refined molten steel. And refining and deoxidizing by using a deoxidizing agent and a Si-containing deoxidizing material at the early stage of refining and maintaining the slag, feeding an Al wire for deep deoxidation after the slag turns yellow and white, adjusting the alkalinity of the slag to reduce by using silicon carbide and fluorite in the refining process, improving the fluidity to enable the fluidity of the slag to reach the state of glass slag, and supplementing a small amount of ferrosulfur to the target design content of S according to the actual sulfur content at the middle and later stages of refining. Carrying out VD vacuum treatment on the refined molten steel, wherein the ultimate vacuum degree is lower than 67Pa, keeping for 5min under the ultimate vacuum, and in the vacuum treatment process, replacing argon stirring by ladle bottom-blowing nitrogen stirring to improve and stabilize the nitrogen content in the molten steel; and after the VD is empty, feeding a calcium-silicon line to carry out calcium treatment to denature the impurities, then sampling and analyzing the nitrogen and sulfur contents in the molten steel, and feeding a small amount of chromium nitride or manganese nitride line to finely adjust the nitrogen in the molten steel according to the condition. Generally, the sulfur content in the VD furnace does not obviously fluctuate any more, is relatively stable, and does not need to be regulated and controlled any more.
And (3): and carrying out soft argon blowing treatment on the molten steel subjected to vacuum degassing through an argon blowing table to obtain the molten steel subjected to the soft argon blowing treatment. The soft argon blowing time is guaranteed to be 10min, so that impurities in the molten steel can be further floated and removed, the slag surface of the steel is observed in the soft argon blowing process, slight fluctuation is kept, and the slag surface cannot be blown to break so that the molten steel is exposed.
And (4) carrying out continuous casting pouring on the molten steel subjected to the soft argon blowing treatment to obtain a casting blank with stable control on sulfur and nitrogen contents and good surface quality. The baking time of the tundish is 3 hours, the tundish is protected by filling argon before casting after baking, and during casting, the ladle sleeve adopts an argon sealing device, the flow of argon is 15-30NL/min, so that the suction of molten steel in the casting process is avoided, the secondary oxidation of the molten steel is reduced, the increase of inclusions and gas content in the steel is controlled, and the purity is improved.
The method is suitable for smelting sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel with the S content not more than 0.10 wt% and the N content not more than 0.02 wt%.
According to the chemical composition (mass percent) of C: 0.20 to 0.26%, Si: 0.30-0.40%, Mn: 0.90-1.2%, Cr: 1.2-1.40%, Mo: 0.25-0.30%, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, S: 0.020-0.035%, Al: 0.020-0.100%, N: 0.0050 to 0.0250%, O: less than or equal to 0.0010 percent and the balance of Fe, and the smelting method is adopted to smelt molten steel and continuously cast into billets. The sulfur content of the molten steel before casting is 0.032% and the nitrogen content of the molten steel before casting is 0.024%, the sulfur and nitrogen content in the molten steel are controlled within a designed content range, the sulfur and nitrogen content in the molten steel is stable, a ladle opening is free from nodulation during casting, the surface of a casting blank is free from abnormality and can be smoothly formed by continuous casting, a continuous casting blank sample is taken and analyzed, MnS and AlN particles distributed in sample steel are detected, and the sulfur and nitrogen are subjected to elemental analysis by an instrument, wherein the S content is 0.03118%, and the nitrogen content is 0.02392%, which are very close to the components before casting in the molten steel.
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail hereinabove, it should be clearly understood that modifications and variations of the present invention are possible to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A smelting method of sulfur-containing nitrogen-containing molten steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: mainly comprises the steps of primary smelting of molten steel, refining in an LF furnace, vacuum degassing in a VD furnace and soft argon blowing treatment, wherein
The molten steel is primarily smelted: mixing and smelting an iron-based block material and molten iron to obtain molten iron, putting steel into a steel ladle after primary smelting is finished, adding an aluminum block into the steel ladle along a steel flow before the steel amount reaches 10 tons to pre-deoxidize the molten steel during steel putting, adding other element alloys and slag materials required by the molten steel along the steel flow when the steel amount reaches more than 15 tons, and adding a ferro-sulphur alloy, wherein the addition amount of the ferro-sulphur alloy meets the upper limit of the molten steel on full recovery;
and refining in the LF furnace: deoxidizing, heating and alloying the primarily refined molten steel in an LF furnace to obtain refined molten steel, reducing the alkalinity of the slag to be lower than 3.5 by using a Si-containing deoxidizer and fluorite in the refining process, improving the fluidity of the slag to enable the slag to be in a glass slag state, and supplementing ferrosulfur in the later refining stage to adjust the sulfur content to a target value of sulfur;
vacuum degassing of the VD furnace: vacuum degassing the refined molten steel in a VD furnace, wherein the ultimate vacuum degree is less than or equal to 67Pa, the ultimate vacuum retention time is more than or equal to 5min, blowing nitrogen from the bottom of a steel ladle in the vacuum treatment process, stirring to improve and stabilize the nitrogen content in the molten steel, feeding a calcium silicate wire into the molten steel after the VD is broken to ensure that calcium treatment is carried out to denature impurities, finally sampling and analyzing the nitrogen and sulfur content in the molten steel, and feeding a nitrogen wire and a sulfur wire according to the situation to finely adjust the nitrogen and sulfur components;
the soft argon blowing treatment: and carrying out soft argon blowing treatment on the molten steel subjected to vacuum degassing for more than or equal to 10min by using an argon blowing table to further float and remove impurities in the molten steel, and obtaining the molten steel with stable sulfur and nitrogen contents after the soft argon blowing treatment.
2. The method of smelting molten steel containing sulfur and nitrogen according to claim 1, wherein: the molten steel is smelted by an electric furnace at the initial smelting, the raw materials are dried before being put into the furnace, steel is left in the furnace, slag is left, and lime is laid on the bottom of the furnace to make foam slag in advance.
3. The method of smelting molten steel containing sulfur and nitrogen according to claim 1, wherein: during the initial smelting of the molten steel, the argon in the ladle is kept to be stirred, and the argon flow is 100 and 160 NL/min.
4. The method of smelting molten steel containing sulfur and nitrogen according to claim 1, wherein: the slag added in the steel releasing process of the primary smelting of the molten steel comprises lime, refining slag and fluorite so as to carry out refining deoxidation and absorb inclusions.
5. The method of smelting molten steel containing sulfur and nitrogen according to claim 1, wherein: the Si deoxidizer used in the LF furnace refining is one or more selected from silicon 70, silicon carbide, ferro-silico-manganese and ferrosilicon.
6. The method of smelting molten steel containing sulfur and nitrogen according to claim 1, wherein: when in LF furnace refining, a deoxidizer is adopted in the early stage of refining for refining deoxidation, and a proper amount of Al wire is fed for deep deoxidation after the slag turns yellow and white.
7. The method of smelting molten steel containing sulfur and nitrogen according to claim 1, wherein: during the soft argon blowing treatment, the steel slag surface is kept to slightly fluctuate in the process, and the slag surface cannot be blown to be broken, so that the molten steel is exposed.
8. The method of smelting molten steel containing sulfur and nitrogen according to claim 1, wherein: according to the pouring of the sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing molten steel obtained by the smelting method, the molten steel is transferred into a tundish, the tundish is baked for more than 3 hours, argon filling protection is carried out in the tundish before the baking is finished and pouring is started, during pouring, a ladle sleeve is sealed by argon, the flow of the argon is 15-30NL/min, the suction of the molten steel in the pouring process is avoided, and secondary oxidation of the molten steel is prevented.
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