CN111333473A - High and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111333473A CN111333473A CN202010163809.1A CN202010163809A CN111333473A CN 111333473 A CN111333473 A CN 111333473A CN 202010163809 A CN202010163809 A CN 202010163809A CN 111333473 A CN111333473 A CN 111333473A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
- C06B23/003—Porous or hollow inert particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/002—Sensitisers or density reducing agents, foam stabilisers, crystal habit modifiers
- C06B23/004—Chemical sensitisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/006—Stabilisers (e.g. thermal stabilisers)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/009—Wetting agents, hydrophobing agents, dehydrating agents, antistatic additives, viscosity improvers, antiagglomerating agents, grinding agents and other additives for working up
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of emulsion explosives. The invention aims to provide a high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive. The explosive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 93-94 parts of water phase material, 6-7 parts of oil phase material, 0.8-1.2 parts of expanded graphite and 0.3-0.6 part of foaming agent; wherein the water phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 76-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2-5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1-4 parts of sodium perchlorate, 1-4 parts of ammonium chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.8-1.2 parts of surfactant and 9-12 parts of water; adding a specific stabilizing agent into the oil phase material. The explosive disclosed by the invention is high in explosive power, good in stability, good in safety, resistant to high and low temperatures, capable of being repeatedly used for 30 times at minus 20-45 ℃, capable of reaching the explosion speed of more than 3200m/s within the validity period, reaching the standard of No. 2 rock emulsion explosive, and particularly suitable for being produced and stored at high temperature in summer and exploded in the environment of repeated high and low temperature storage and use when meeting the low temperature in winter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of emulsion explosives.
Background
The emulsion explosive is a new industrial explosive variety developed from the 70 s to the 80 s. Because of its unique physical structure, it has the advantages of excellent water-resisting property, complete explosion reaction, safe production, transportation and use, good mine blasting effect, etc.
However, the existing emulsion explosives often have the problems of poor stability and the like when in use, particularly when the temperature of the explosive property changes suddenly and suddenly along with the weather change, the explosive is subjected to the change of high and low temperatures, the initiation sensitivity and the explosive property are reduced, and even the initiation sensitivity and the explosive property of a detonator are lost; in winter, especially in high and cold areas, the temperature is very low, the explosive is frozen, the ammonium acid is crystallized, the emulsion is broken, and the explosive cannot be normally used. The main reasons are crystallization of nitric acid, the crystallized nitric acid is mutually staggered according to crystals to hinder relative movement among explosive particles, and the nitric acid is increased according to the granularity to puncture an oil film; the second reason is that the freezing of the aqueous solution makes the explosive solidify together, and at low temperature, the fluidity and plasticity are lost, and the power and the sensitivity are greatly reduced; thirdly, the explosives are produced in 8 months and 9 months, the weather temperature is high, the weather temperature is low in 10 months and 11 months, the noon temperature is high, the explosive is repeatedly changed, the explosive is reduced for a limited period, and even the explosive performance is lost. In order to meet the requirements of winter, ice water blasting and reciprocating high and low temperature change of weather, the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive is especially required to be prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive.
The invention relates to a high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
93-94 parts of water phase material, 6-7 parts of oil phase material, 0.8-1.2 parts of expanded graphite and 0.3-0.6 part of foaming agent;
wherein the water phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 76-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2-5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1-4 parts of sodium perchlorate, 1-4 parts of ammonium chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.8-1.2 parts of surfactant and 9-12 parts of water;
the oil phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of composite wax, 8-12 parts of fully refined paraffin, 15-25 parts of microcrystalline wax, 15-25 parts of base oil, 3-5 parts of ethylene glycol, 25-35 parts of S-80 emulsifier, 5-8 parts of succinimide emulsifier and 0.8-1.2 parts of stabilizer; the stabilizer consists of borax and zinc stearate.
Preferably, the foaming agent is sodium nitrite, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, water and propylene glycol, and the weight ratio of the sodium nitrite to the calcium nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the water to the propylene glycol is 18-22: 3-5: 18-22: 50-55: 4. More preferably, the weight ratio of sodium nitrite, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, water and propylene glycol is 20:4:20:52: 4.
As a preferred scheme, the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 93-94 parts of water phase material, 6-7 parts of oil phase material, 1 part of expanded graphite and 0.4-0.6 part of foaming agent.
Preferably, the water phase material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 79-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3-5 parts of sodium nitrate, 2-4 parts of sodium perchlorate, 1-2 parts of ammonium chloride, 1 part of glycol, 1 part of surfactant and 9-11 parts of water.
More preferably, the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate and acetylene glycol, and the weight ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the acetylene glycol is 0.8-1.2: 1. It is further preferred that the weight ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfonate to acetylenic diol is 1: 1.
Preferably, the oil phase material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of fully refined paraffin, 20 parts of microcrystalline wax, 20 parts of base oil, 4 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of S-80 emulsifier, 6 parts of succinimide emulsifier and 1 part of stabilizer.
Preferably, in the stabilizer, the weight ratio of borax to zinc stearate is 0.8-1.2: 1. More preferably, the weight ratio of borax to zinc stearate is 1: 1.
The invention solves the second technical problem by providing the preparation method of the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive.
The preparation method of the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:
(1) putting ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate into water, dissolving at 100-115 ℃, adding ammonium perchlorate and ammonium chloride, mixing uniformly, adding ethylene glycol, mixing uniformly, adding a surfactant, mixing uniformly, and keeping the temperature for 5-20 min to obtain a water-phase material;
(2) melting and stirring composite wax, fully refined paraffin, microcrystalline wax, base oil, ethylene glycol, an S-80 emulsifier and a succinimide emulsifier uniformly at 95-120 ℃, adding a stabilizer, uniformly mixing, and keeping the temperature for 5-20 min to obtain an oil phase material;
(3) and adding the water phase material into the oil phase material, emulsifying for 10-15 min at 100-150 ℃ to obtain an emulsion matrix, and then adding expanded graphite and a chemical foaming agent for sensitization to obtain the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive.
Preferably, in the step (2), the stirring time is 5-40 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the sensitization time is 4-6 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the explosive disclosed by the invention is high in explosive power, good in stability, good in safety, resistant to high and low temperatures, capable of being repeatedly used for 30 times at minus 20-45 ℃, and capable of reaching the explosive velocity of more than 3200m/s within the validity period, reaching the standard of No. 2 rock emulsion explosive, and particularly suitable for high-temperature production and storage in summer and blasting in the environment of repeated high and low temperature storage in winter.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 93-94 parts of water phase material, 6-7 parts of oil phase material, 0.8-1.2 parts of expanded graphite and 0.3-0.6 part of foaming agent; wherein the water phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 76-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2-5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1-4 parts of sodium perchlorate, 1-4 parts of ammonium chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.8-1.2 parts of surfactant and 9-12 parts of water; the oil phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of composite wax, 8-12 parts of fully refined paraffin, 15-25 parts of microcrystalline wax, 15-25 parts of base oil, 3-5 parts of ethylene glycol, 25-35 parts of S-80 emulsifier, 5-8 parts of succinimide emulsifier and 0.8-1.2 parts of stabilizer; the stabilizer consists of borax and zinc stearate.
The high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive is prepared from specific raw materials and proportions, and the explosive is repeatedly processed at the temperature of-20 to 45 ℃ for 30 times, and the index can reach more than 3200m/s within the period of validity.
The expanded graphite and the chemical foaming agent are used as a mixed sensitizing agent, the loose porous strip of the expanded graphite is not easy to damage, the sensitizing effect is good, the storage is stable, the expanded graphite and the chemical foaming agent are jointly sensitized, the expanded graphite is used as a framework supporting hot point, the contraction is small, the low-temperature sensitizing effect is ensured, meanwhile, chemical bubbles can be effectively prevented from being punctured and overflowing, the explosive is prevented from greatly reducing the free energy of a system at a low temperature, and the high temperature and the cracking of skin bubbles are also avoided. The stability of the prepared explosive is ensured.
The foaming agent can be a chemical foaming agent commonly used in the field, and an anti-freezing agent is added, preferably, the foaming agent is sodium nitrite, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, water and propylene glycol, and the weight ratio of the sodium nitrite to the calcium nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the water to the propylene glycol is 18-22: 3-5: 18-22: 50-55: 4. The water amount of the foaming agent must be ensured, otherwise, the foaming agent is easy to generate precipitation, the effect is influenced, and the low-temperature medicine state is ensured by adding the propylene glycol. Preferably, the weight ratio of the sodium nitrite to the calcium nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the water to the propylene glycol is 20:4:20:52:4, and the emulsion explosive obtained by using the foaming agent has good performance.
As a preferred scheme, the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 93-94 parts of water phase material, 6-7 parts of oil phase material, 1 part of expanded graphite and 0.4-0.6 part of foaming agent.
Sodium nitrate, ammonium chloride and ammonium perchlorate are added into the water phase material, when the explosive explodes, the sodium nitrate and the ammonium chloride can interact to form ammonium nitrate and sodium chloride, the sodium nitrate and the ammonium perchlorate form ammonium nitrate and sodium perchlorate, the sodium perchlorate and the ammonium chloride can generate the ammonium perchlorate and the sodium chloride, the ammonium chloride and the sodium chloride are used as flame suppressants, the safety of the explosive is effectively ensured, the generated ammonium nitrate can further improve the explosive power of the explosive, the added ammonium perchlorate can reduce the activation energy of the prepared emulsion explosive to a certain degree, the explosion heat, the explosion temperature and the explosion speed of the emulsion explosive are increased, the explosive power of the explosive can be improved to a certain degree, the performance index can be prevented from being rapidly attenuated, and meanwhile, the addition of the sodium nitrate, the ammonium chloride and the ammonium perchlorate can reduce the crystallization point of the water phase, and the storage period is ensured. The ethylene glycol is added, so that the crystallization point can be reduced, the anti-freezing performance is provided, the explosive state at low temperature and high temperature is ensured, and the stability of the emulsion explosive is provided.
Preferably, the water phase material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 79-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3-5 parts of sodium nitrate, 2-4 parts of sodium perchlorate, 1-2 parts of ammonium chloride, 1 part of glycol, 1 part of surfactant and 9-11 parts of water.
More preferably, the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate and acetylene glycol, and the weight ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the acetylene glycol is 0.8-1.2: 1; it is further preferred that the weight ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfonate to acetylenic diol is 1: 1. The mixed surfactant of sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkynediol TL65 is added into the water phase to inhibit the crystallization and growth of the crystal.
The oil phase material, composite wax, called as blending wax, is special composite wax for emulsion explosive MSDS, CAS number 8002-74-2, and can be purchased in the market.
The fully refined paraffin wax is a product obtained by taking oil-containing wax as a raw material, performing sweating or solvent deoiling, and performing clay or hydrofining, and can also be commercially available.
The microcrystalline wax is white amorphous solid wax, mainly comprises C31-70 branched saturated hydrocarbon, contains small amount of cyclic and straight chain hydrocarbon, is odorless and tasteless, has CAS number of 8001-75-0, and is also available on the market.
The S-80 emulsifier is Span 80(Span 80), is a commonly used emulsifier, and can be commercially available.
The succinimide emulsifier is fully called polyisobutylene succinimide emulsifier, is a commonly used emulsifier in emulsion explosives, and can be commercially available.
The stabilizer is a mixture of borax and zinc stearate, and the storage stability of the emulsion explosive can be remarkably improved by adopting the mixed stabilizer.
Preferably, the oil phase material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of fully refined paraffin, 20 parts of microcrystalline wax, 20 parts of base oil, 4 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of S-80 emulsifier, 6 parts of succinimide emulsifier and 1 part of stabilizer.
Preferably, in the stabilizer, the weight ratio of borax to zinc stearate is 0.8-1.2: 1; more preferably, the weight ratio of borax to zinc stearate is 1: 1.
The preparation method of the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive comprises the following steps:
(1) putting ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate into water, dissolving at 100-115 ℃, adding ammonium perchlorate and ammonium chloride, mixing uniformly, adding ethylene glycol, mixing uniformly, adding a surfactant, mixing uniformly, and keeping the temperature for 5-20 min to obtain a water-phase material;
(2) melting and stirring composite wax, fully refined paraffin, microcrystalline wax, base oil, ethylene glycol, an S-80 emulsifier and a succinimide emulsifier uniformly at 95-120 ℃, adding a stabilizer, uniformly mixing, and keeping the temperature for 5-20 min to obtain an oil phase material;
(3) and adding the water phase material into the oil phase material, emulsifying for 10-15 min at 100-150 ℃ to obtain an emulsion matrix, and then adding expanded graphite and a chemical foaming agent for sensitization to obtain the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive.
Preferably, in the step (2), the stirring time is 5-40 min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the sensitization time is 4-6 min.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The first step is as follows: putting 80 parts of ammonium nitrate and 4 parts of sodium nitrate into 11 parts of water, stirring and dissolving at 110 ℃, adding 4 parts of sodium perchlorate and 1 part of ammonium chloride, stirring for 5min, adding 1 part of ethylene glycol, stirring for 2min, finally adding 1 part of water-phase surfactant with the weight ratio of 1:1 of sodium dodecyl sulfate to alkynediol TL65, uniformly mixing and preserving heat for 10min to obtain a water-phase material;
the second step is that: melting the following oil phase materials at 110 ℃: 10 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of fully refined paraffin, 20 parts of microcrystalline wax, 20 parts of base oil, 4 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of S-80 emulsifier and 6 parts of succinimide emulsifier, stirring for 30min, uniformly mixing, adding 1 part of stabilizer (the stabilizer consists of borax and zinc stearate in a weight ratio of 1: 1), uniformly mixing to obtain an oil phase material, and keeping the temperature for 10 min;
the third step: adding 7 parts of oil phase material, adding 93 parts of water phase material, and emulsifying at 120 ℃ for 12min to obtain an emulsified matrix;
the fourth step: adding 1 part of expanded graphite and 0.40 part of chemical foaming agent into an emulsion matrix, and carrying out physical and chemical sensitization for 5min to obtain an explosive; the chemical foaming agent is sodium nitrite, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, water and propylene glycol, and the weight ratio of the sodium nitrite to the calcium nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the water to the propylene glycol is 20:4:20:52: 4.
The detonation velocity is measured by referring to a standard GB/T13228 + 2015 industrial explosive detonation velocity measuring method, the sympathetic explosion distance is measured by referring to a sand method in a WJ/T9055 + 2006 industrial explosive sympathetic explosion distance testing method, the blast is measured by referring to a standard GB/T12440 + 1990 explosive blast test lead column compression method, and the results are as follows:
testing the detonation velocity of 4805m/s, sympathetic detonation 7cm and blast severity of 15.6mm by using medicated rolls with the diameter of 35mm, testing the detonation velocity of 3924m/s, sympathetic detonation 6cm and blast severity of 14mm after 24 hours at-20 ℃ and 4 hours at 45 ℃ and cycling 30 times at a cooling room temperature, and testing the detonation velocity of 3500m/s, sympathetic detonation 7cm and blast severity of 14mm after placing the medicated rolls in daily days for 6 months. Reaches the standard of No. 2 rock emulsion explosive. The device is particularly suitable for high-temperature production and storage in summer and is suitable for repeated high-low temperature storage and use environment blasting in winter.
Example 2
The first step is as follows: putting 85 parts of ammonium nitrate and 3 parts of sodium nitrate into 9 parts of water, stirring and dissolving at 100 ℃, adding 2 parts of sodium perchlorate and 1 part of ammonium chloride, stirring for 5min, adding 1 part of ethylene glycol, stirring for 2min, finally adding 1 part of water phase surfactant with the weight ratio of 1:1 of sodium dodecyl sulfate to alkynediol TL65, uniformly mixing, and keeping the temperature for 5min to obtain a water phase material;
the second step is that: the following oil phase materials were melted at 95 ℃: 10 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of fully refined paraffin, 20 parts of microcrystalline wax, 20 parts of base oil, 4 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of S-80 emulsifier and 6 parts of succinimide emulsifier, stirring for 5min, uniformly mixing, adding 1 part of stabilizer (the stabilizer consists of borax and zinc stearate in a weight ratio of 1: 1), uniformly mixing to obtain an oil phase material, and keeping the temperature for 10 min;
the third step: adding 6 parts of oil phase material, adding 94 parts of water phase material, and emulsifying at 100 ℃ for 12min to obtain an emulsified matrix;
the fourth step: 1 part of expanded graphite and 0.6 part of chemical foaming agent are added into an emulsion matrix, and physical and chemical sensitization is carried out for 4min to obtain an explosive; the chemical foaming agent is sodium nitrite, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, water and propylene glycol, and the weight ratio of the sodium nitrite to the calcium nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the water to the propylene glycol is 20:4:20:52: 4.
The performance of the explosive is measured as follows: measuring detonation velocity 5002m/s, sympathetic detonation 7cm and blast severity 14.8mm by using medicated rolls with diameter of 35mm, measuring 24 hours at-20 ℃ and 4 hours at 45 ℃, circulating 30 times at a cooling room temperature, measuring the detonation velocity 3810m/s, the sympathetic detonation 7cm and the blast severity 14.5mm, and placing the medicated rolls in daily weather for 6 months for testing, wherein the detonation velocity is 3400m/s, the blast severity is 7cm and the blast severity is 14 mm. The standard of No. 2 rock emulsion explosive is reached, and the cartridge is soft and has no explosive distance. The device is particularly suitable for high-temperature production and storage in summer and is suitable for repeated high-low temperature storage and use environment blasting in winter.
Example 3
The first step is as follows: putting 79 parts of ammonium nitrate and 5 parts of sodium nitrate into 10 parts of water, stirring and dissolving at 115 ℃, adding 4 parts of sodium perchlorate and 2 parts of ammonium chloride, stirring for 5min, adding 1 part of ethylene glycol, stirring for 2min, finally adding 1 part of water phase surfactant with the weight ratio of 1:1 of sodium dodecyl sulfate to alkynediol TL65, uniformly mixing, and keeping the temperature for 20min to obtain a water phase material;
the second step is that: melting the following oil phase materials at 120 ℃: 10 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of fully refined paraffin, 20 parts of microcrystalline wax, 20 parts of base oil, 4 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of S-80 emulsifier and 6 parts of succinimide emulsifier, stirring for 40min, uniformly mixing, adding 1 part of stabilizer (the stabilizer consists of borax and zinc stearate in a weight ratio of 1: 1), uniformly mixing to obtain an oil phase material, and keeping the temperature for 10 min;
the third step: adding 6.5 parts of oil phase material, adding 93.5 parts of water phase material, and emulsifying at 150 deg.C for 12min to obtain emulsified matrix;
the fourth step: 1 part of expanded graphite and 0.40 part of chemical foaming agent are added into an emulsion matrix, and physical and chemical sensitization is carried out for 6min to obtain an explosive; the chemical foaming agent is sodium nitrite, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, water and propylene glycol, and the weight ratio of the sodium nitrite to the calcium nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the water to the propylene glycol is 20:4:20:52: 4.
The performance of the explosive is measured as follows: measuring explosion speed 5200m/s, sympathetic explosion 8cm and blast severity 16.3mm with medicated roll with diameter 35mm, measuring explosion speed 4108m/s, sympathetic explosion 7cm and blast severity 15.6mm at-20 deg.C for 24 hr and 45 deg.C for 4 hr, and circulating 30 times at cooled room temperature, and testing on daily day for 6 months. Reaches the standard of No. 2 rock emulsion explosive. The explosive stick is soft and free of distance explosion, and is particularly suitable for high-temperature production and storage in summer and repeated high-low temperature storage and use environment explosion in winter.
Claims (10)
1. The high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive is characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
93-94 parts of water phase material, 6-7 parts of oil phase material, 0.8-1.2 parts of expanded graphite and 0.3-0.6 part of foaming agent;
wherein the water phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 76-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 2-5 parts of sodium nitrate, 1-4 parts of sodium perchlorate, 1-4 parts of ammonium chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.8-1.2 parts of surfactant and 9-12 parts of water;
the oil phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of composite wax, 8-12 parts of fully refined paraffin, 15-25 parts of microcrystalline wax, 15-25 parts of base oil, 3-5 parts of ethylene glycol, 25-35 parts of S-80 emulsifier, 5-8 parts of succinimide emulsifier and 0.8-1.2 parts of stabilizer; the stabilizer consists of borax and zinc stearate.
2. The high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein: the foaming agent is sodium nitrite, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, water and propylene glycol, and the weight ratio of the sodium nitrite to the calcium nitrate to the zinc nitrate to the water to the propylene glycol is 18-22: 3-5: 18-22: 50-55: 4; preferably, the weight ratio of sodium nitrite to calcium nitrate to zinc nitrate to water to propylene glycol is 20:4:20:52: 4.
3. The high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 93-94 parts of water phase material, 6-7 parts of oil phase material, 1 part of expanded graphite and 0.4-0.6 part of foaming agent.
4. The high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein: the water phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 79-85 parts of ammonium nitrate, 3-5 parts of sodium nitrate, 2-4 parts of sodium perchlorate, 1-2 parts of ammonium chloride, 1 part of glycol, 1 part of surfactant and 9-11 parts of water.
5. The high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein: the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate and acetylenic diol, and the weight ratio of the sodium dodecyl sulfate to the acetylenic diol is 0.8-1.2: 1; preferably, the weight ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfonate to acetylenic diol is 1: 1.
6. The high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein: the oil phase material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of composite wax, 10 parts of fully refined paraffin, 20 parts of microcrystalline wax, 20 parts of base oil, 4 parts of ethylene glycol, 30 parts of S-80 emulsifier, 6 parts of succinimide emulsifier and 1 part of stabilizer.
7. The high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 1, wherein: in the stabilizer, the weight ratio of borax to zinc stearate is 0.8-1.2: 1; preferably, the weight ratio of borax to zinc stearate is 1: 1.
8. The preparation method of the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) putting ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate into water, dissolving at 100-115 ℃, adding ammonium perchlorate and ammonium chloride, mixing uniformly, adding ethylene glycol, mixing uniformly, adding a surfactant, mixing uniformly, and keeping the temperature for 5-20 min to obtain a water-phase material;
(2) melting and stirring composite wax, fully refined paraffin, microcrystalline wax, base oil, ethylene glycol, an S-80 emulsifier and a succinimide emulsifier uniformly at 95-120 ℃, adding a stabilizer, uniformly mixing, and keeping the temperature for 5-20 min to obtain an oil phase material;
(3) and adding the water phase material into the oil phase material, emulsifying for 10-15 min at 100-150 ℃ to obtain an emulsion matrix, and then adding expanded graphite and a chemical foaming agent for sensitization to obtain the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive.
9. The preparation method of the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step (2), the stirring time is 5-40 min.
10. The preparation method of the high and low temperature resistant emulsion explosive according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step (3), the sensitization time is 4-6 min.
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| CN111848315A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-10-30 | 山西壶化集团金星化工有限公司 | Low-temperature frozen soil resistant emulsion explosive |
| CN111960907A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 攀枝花学院 | Emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
| CN112142542A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-29 | 山东圣世达化工有限责任公司 | Low-temperature-resistant emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
| CN117024232A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-10 | 湖南雷鸣西部民爆有限公司 | High-stability emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117024232A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-10 | 湖南雷鸣西部民爆有限公司 | High-stability emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
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